Unit 2 Go for it 单元核心知识点精讲精练1(Understanding ideas)-2025-2026学年七年级英语下册教材核心知识全解（新教材外研版）

本初中英语讲义聚焦Unit 2核心知识点，系统梳理重点短语（如last but not least、hold one's breath）、重点词汇（如line、breath、confident）及重难句型（如复合形容词、感官动词+不带to的不定式），通过“短语积累-词汇拓展-句型应用”递进式学习支架，构建从基础到综合的知识脉络。 该资料以“精讲精练”为特色，随学随练（如either/too/also辨析）即时强化语言能力，综合练习（阅读理解、完形填空）通过文本分析培养思维品质，多样化题型设计助力学生自主查漏补缺，课中辅助教师分层教学，课后促进学生个性化学习提升。

Unit 2 Go for it ! 核心知识点精讲精练 1 (Understanding ideas) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Understanding ideas；Grammar和Developing ideas三个部分。 · Understanding ideas包括本部分重点短语、重点词汇、重难句型等核心知识点。 · 本资料包含数量丰富与多类型的随学随练，基础知识综合练习(填写单词，用适当形式填空，单项填空等)与技能提升综合练习(阅读理解、完形填空或语篇填空等)。 1、 重点短语集锦 1. last but not least 最后但同样重要 2. 86-year-old 86岁的 3. finishing line 终点线 4. watch him move slowly 看到他缓慢移动(watch sb do sth 看到某人做某事) 5. hold one's breath 屏住呼吸 6. make it 获得成功 7. feel confident 感到自信 8. have a stomachache 胃疼;肚子疼 9. on the way 在路上 10. fall behind 落后 11. take a rest 休息一下 12. at his age 在他这个年纪 13. run on 继续跑；持续进行 14. with people cheering 在人们的欢呼声中；随着人们的欢呼声 15. worry about 担心 16. lifelong dream 一生的梦想 17. go past 经过，走过 18. fill...with sth. 用某物填满... 19. try to do sth 尽力做某事 20. enjoy every moment 享受每一刻 21. matter to sb. 对某人重要，对某人来说有关系 22. have no plans to... 没有做...的计划 23. if possible 如果可能的话 24. keep doing sth 持续做某事 25. raise money 筹钱，募钱 26. in need 有需要的 27. the power of loving sports 热爱运动的力量 28. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 29. because of 因为 30. either...or... 要么...要么...，或者...或者... 31. take part in 参加(活动) 32. finish the race 完成赛跑 33. sink or swim 自生自灭，成败全靠自己 34. give up (doing...) 放弃(做...) 35. compare with 与...比较 36. ride the waves of her dream 乘着她梦想的波浪；追寻梦想 37. get through 通过；完成 38. train hard for... 为...努力训练 2、 重点词汇解析 1. line /laɪn/  n. 线；排，行，列；（人）队伍，行列；v. 沿…形成行（或列、排） [词汇搭配] finishing line终点线；in (a) line (with sth)（与…）成一排，成一直线 line up排成一行；站队；排队（等候） [词汇例句] The children all stood in a line . 孩子们全都站成一排。 Draw a thick black line across the page.在此页上横画一条粗黑线。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 Don’t push. It is polite to ______ in public. A．cut in line B．make a noise C．wait in line D．break rules 【答案】C 【详解】句意:不要推。在公共场合排队等候是有礼貌的。 考查动词短语。cut in line插队:make a noise制造曝音:wait inline排队等候:break rules讳反规则。根据"Don't push"可知不要推，在公共场合要排队等候。故选C。 2. breath /breθ/  n.呼出的气；吸入的气 [词汇拓展] breathe(v.) 呼吸，呼出 [词汇搭配] hold your breath 屏住呼吸；屏息静气；take a deep breath深深吸一口气 out of breath喘不上气，透不过气来 [词汇例句] We had to stop for breath before we got to the top. 我们不得不喘口气，然后再登山顶。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —Dad, I am angry. What should I do? —You should ________. A．wear warm clothes B．take a deep breath C．see a doctor 【答案】B 【详解】句意:--爸爸，我很生气。我应该怎么办?--你应该深呼吸。 考查动词短语。wear warm clothes穿暖和的衣服;take a deep breath深呼吸;see a doctor看医生，根据Dad, I am angry.可知当感到生气时，深呼吸可以帮助平静情绪，故选B。 (2) —Oh my goodness! I can ________ because of the terrible smell. —Kate, hold your ________ and leave here quickly. A．not breath; breath B．hard breathe; breathe C．hardly breathe; breath 【答案】C 【详解】句意:--我的天啊!因为这股难闻的气味我几乎无法呼吸。--凯特，屏住呼吸，迅速离开。 考查动词和名词的用法。breath呼吸，名词;breathe呼吸，动词。not后跟应用动词，排除A;can是情杰动词，后跟动词原形;you是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，B选项不符合。故选C。 3. confident /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ adj.有信心的，自信的 [词汇拓展] confidently(adv.)有信心地；confidence(n.)信心；self-confident(adj.)自信的； self-confidence(n.)自信心 [词汇搭配] feel confident 感到自信；be confident about...对...有信心 [词汇例句] In time he became more confident and relaxed.过了一段时间，他变得更加自信、更为放 松。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 —I’m afraid that I may lose the match. —Never mind. Be ________, or you’ll miss such a good chance. A．serious B．interested C．strict D．confident 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我担心我可能会输掉比赛。——没关系。自信一点，否则你会错过这么好的机会。 考查形容词辨析。serious严肃的；interested感兴趣的；strict严格的；confident自信的。根据上文“我担心输掉比赛”可知，此处是鼓励对方要“自信”。故选D。 4. stomachache /ˈstʌməkeɪk/ n.胃痛；肚子痛 [词汇拓展] stomach（n.）胃，肚子；ache (n.) （身体某部位的）疼痛；backache(n.)背痛； headache(n.)头痛 [词汇搭配] have a stomachache胃痛，肚子痛 [词汇例句] Later, she had a stomachache and her face turned pale.后来，她胃疼，脸色变得苍白。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 Tom didn’t go to school yesterday because he had ________ stomachache . A．the B．a C．an D．/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意:汤姆昨天没去上学，因为他胃疼。 考查冠词的用法。the表示特指;a表示泛指，用在以辅音音素开头的可数名词前;an表示泛指，用在以元音音素开头的可数名词前。根据Tom didn't go to school because he had..stomachache可知，此处指汤姆胃疼，have a stomachache胃疼。故选B。 5. shall /ʃæl/ v.要不要......? [词汇用法] · shall用于疑问句，与第一人称I和we连用，表示主动提供帮助、建议或征求意见，意为“要不要......?”或“......好吗?”。 What shall I wear to the party?我穿什么衣服去参加聚会呢？ · shall与第一人称I和we连用,还可以表示将来,意为“将要，将会”。 This time next week I shall be in Scotland.下周这个时候我就在苏格兰了。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 —________ we go fishing tomorrow afternoon? —Sounds great, but I’ll ask my mother first. A．Do B．Does C．Shall D．Are 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——明天下午我们去钓鱼，好吗？——听起来不错，但是我要先问问我妈妈。 考查一般疑问句的助动词。Do一般现在时态，主语是复数或第一人称和第二称，含有实意动词的疑问句或否定句；Does一般现在时态，用在含有实意动词，主语是第三人称单数的疑问句或否定句中；Shall将，是情态动词；Are是，主语是复数；根据“Sounds great”可知此处表示建议，用Shall we do sth.“我们做某事，好吗”，故选C。 6. either /ˈaiðə/ pron.(两者中的)任何一个 [词汇拓展] any(三者或以上中的)任何一个；neither(pron.)两个都不 [词汇搭配] either... or... 要么...要么...，或者...或者...；Me either. 我也不。 [词汇例句] Here are two model planes. You can take either. 这有两个飞机模型。你可以拿任何一个。 [词汇用法] · 可以使用“either+单数名词”结构，作主语时，其后用单数动词。 Either explanation is possible. 任何一种解释都是可能的。 · either...or...结构表示“要么...要么...，或者...或者...”。当与两个单数名词连用作主语时，谓语动词可用单数或复数；用复数动词较非正式。 You can either play soccer or watch TV. 你要么踢足球，要么看电视。 Either you or your sister has/have to stay at home. 要么你，要么你妹妹必须待在家里。 · 可以使用“either of+复数名词/复数单词”结构，在正式情况中，作主语时，其后用单数动词；非正式场合，也可用复数动词。 Either of the two toys is/are cheap. 这两个玩具每个都很便宜。 [词汇辨析] also / too / either · also通常置于实义动词之前或be动词，情态动词之后，also通常不置于句末。 I buy some apples, and I also buy some strawberries. 我买了一些苹果，我也买了一些草莓。 · too表示“也”，用于肯定句末，其前可加逗号，也可以没有逗号。too还可以表示“太...” ‘I’m going home now.’ ‘I’ll come too.’ “现在我要回家了。”“我也一起走。” He eat too much ice-cream. 他吃了太多的冰激凌。 · either表示“也”，用于否定句末，其前必须有逗号隔开。 He doesn’t have a dictionary. I don’t have one, either. 他没有词典。我也没有。 [随学随练] 单项选择。 (1) —We don’t have ________ rules at home. What about you, Lily? —I don’t, ________. A．much; too B．much; either C．many; too D．many; either 【答案】D 【详解】句意:--我们家没有很多规矩。你呢，莉?--我也没有。 考查不定代词及副词辨析。much多，修饰不可数名词;many多，修饰可数名词。rules是复数形式，应用many修饰，排除A和B;too也，用在疑问句和肯定句末;either也，用在否定句末。第二空是否定句，用either。故选D。 (2) —Dad, I think _______ you ________ my mother cleans my room. It is so clean now. —________ of us did it. Your sister did it A．either, or, neither B．neither, nor, either C．both, and, both 【答案】A 【详解】句意:-爸爸，我想不是你就是我妈妈打扫我的房间。现在它是如此的干净。--我们俩都没做，是你姐姐干的。 考查代词辨析。either...or...要么…要么…;neither...nor...既不也不;both...and...既...又...;neither两者都不;either(两者中)任意一个;both两者都，根据cleans my room. It is so clean now.可知，房间被打扫了，且cleans为第三人称单数，故推知是爸爸或者妈妈打扫的，用either...or...;再根据Your sister did it可知，爸爸和妈妈两人都没打扫房间，用neither。故选A。 7. choice /tʃɔɪs/ n.选择；选择权 [词汇拓展] choose (v.)选择 [词汇搭配] make a choice 做出选择；have no choice but to do...别无选择只能做... a good choice to do...做某事的一个好的选择 [词汇例句] We are faced with a difficult choice. 我们面临着困难的抉择。 8. neither /ˈnaiðə(r)/ pron.两者都不(的)两者中无一(的) [词汇拓展] none(pron.)三者及三者以上都不；both(pron.)两者都；all(pron.)三者及三者以上都 [词汇搭配] neither... nor... 既不...也不...；Me neither. 我也不。 [词汇用法] · 可以使用“neither+单数名词”结构，作主语时，其后用单数动词。 Neither answer is right. 两个答案都不对。 · 可以使用“neither of+复数名词/复数单词”结构，在正式情况中，作主语时，其后用单数动词；非正式场合，也可用复数动词。 Neither of the answers is/are right.两个答案都不对。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 —Do you want to go to the zoo or the park this weekend? —________. I just want to stay at home and rest. But if I have to choose one, I can go to ________ of them. A．Either; neither B．Neither; either C．Both; neither D．Neither; both 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这个周末你想去动物园还是公园？——我都不想去。我只想呆在家里休息。但如果必须选一个，我可以去其中任何一个。 考查代词辨析。Either两者中的任一个；neither两者都不；both两者都。第一空，根据“I just want to stay at home and rest”可知，两者都不想去，应用表示否定的Neither。第二空，根据“if I have to choose one”可知，如果必须选，可以去“任何一个”，应用表示任选的either。故选B。 9. cheer/tʃiə /v. (为......)欢呼，喝彩;(为......)加油 n. 欢呼声，喝彩声 [词汇拓展] cheerful(adj.)高兴的；令人愉快的；cheering(adj.)振奋人心的(n.)欢呼 [词汇搭配] cheer on（赛跑、比赛等中）以喝彩声鼓励，为（某人）加油 cheer up (使)变得更高兴，振奋起来 [词汇例句] We all cheered as the team came on to the field.球队入场时我们都为之欢呼。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 — John looks sad because he didn’t get his dream job. — Let’s go and ________. A．cheer up him B．turn him down C．cheer him up D．call him up 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——约翰看起来很伤心，因为他没有得到理想的工作。——我们去让他振作起来吧。 考查动词短语辨析。cheer up him表达错误，代词应该放在cheer和up中间；turn him down拒绝他；cheer him up让他振作起来；call him up给他打电话。根据“John looks sad because he didn’t get his dream job.”可知，此处表示要去让他振作起来，所以应该用cheer him up。故选C。 10. cross/krɒs/v.穿过，越过，跑过(终点线、小径等) n.叉字形记号，十字形记号 adj.恼怒的；十分愤怒的 [词汇拓展] crossing (n.) 十字路口；across(prep.)在...对面；横过；crossly(adv.)生气地 [词汇搭配] cross the finishing line 越过终点线；cross the street 过马路；cross his arms 交叉双臂 cross out删掉，划掉(字句) [词汇例句] They crossed the finishing line together. 他们同时越过终点线。。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Don’t go　　　　the grass.And you can　　　　the road. A．cross;across B．across;cross C．across;across D．cross;cross 【答案】B 【详解】句意：不要穿过草地，，你可以穿过马路。根据across是介词，通常用与go,run,swim等搭配，cross动词，穿过，可以做谓语；故选B 点睛：across与cross是横过的意思。across是介词，通常用与go,run,swim等搭配。动词+across = cross;；cross the road 穿过马路（动作），across the road 也是穿过马路，但不是动作，类似于in the garden。 11. dream/driːm/n.梦想，愿望，理想;梦 [词汇拓展] <过去式>dreamed/dreamt；daydream(n.)白日梦；幻想(v.)做白日梦，幻想 [词汇搭配] dream of/about 梦想，想象；Sweet dreams.祝你做个好梦；a dream house梦想的房子 a dream come true梦想成真；go/work like a dream性能极佳；十分有效 realize/achieve one’s dream(s)实现某人的梦想 [词汇例句] Jenny dreamed that she was on a boat. 杰妮见她在一艘船上。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 We Chinese are working together to make our China Dream ________. A．come out B．come true C．come in D．come on 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国人民正在为实现中国梦而共同努力。 考查动词短语。come out出现，出来；come true实现；come in进来；come on快点，加油。根据“make our China Dream...”可知，指的是实现梦想。故选B。 12. record /ˈrekɔːd/ n.记录，记载 /rɪˈkɔːd/ v.记录；唱片；（体育运动或活动的）纪录，最好成绩；/ˈrekɔːd/ n.记录；录制，录（音） [词汇拓展] recording(n.) 记录，记载；录制的音像，录音；recorder(n.)录音机；记录装置 [词汇搭配] keep a record of记录...；play a record 播放唱片；set a new record 刷新纪录 [词汇例句] You should keep a record of your expenses. 你应该记下你的各项开支。 13. none/nʌn/ pron.全无，没有一点 [词汇搭配] none but仅仅；只有 [词汇用法] · 可以使用“none+不可数名词”结构，作主语时，其后用单数动词。 None of the work was done. 那些工作全都未干。 · 可以使用“none of+复数名词/复数单词/单数集合名词”结构，在正式情况中，作主语时，其后用单数动词；非正式场合，也可用复数动词。 None of these pens works/work. 这些钢笔没有一支能用。 · none表示三者及以上都不；neither表示两者都不。 I have two toy cars, but neither is blue.我有两辆玩具车，但没有一个是蓝色的。 Lucy has got three brothers. None of them is/are a doctor. 露西有三个兄弟。没有一个是医生。 · none还可以表示“零”的数字概念，可用于回答How many等的提问。 —How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生？ —None. They are all on the playground. 一个都没有。它们都在操场上。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —How many films did you watch last month? —________. I didn’t have time. I was busy with my final exam. A．None B．No one C．Something D．Nothing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你上个月看了几部电影？——没有看一部。我没时间。我正忙于期末考试。 考查代词辨析。None没有，指的是数量上的没有，既可以指物也可以指人；No one没有人，只能指人；Something某事；Nothing什么都没有。根据“I didn’t have time. I was busy with my final exam.”可知，此处指“我”正在准备期末考试，没有时间看电影，即上个月看过的电影数量为零。故选A。 (2) According to the school rules, ________ of the students must wear red scarves. ________ of us can break it. A．both; Neither B．neither; Both C．all; None D．none; All 【答案】C 【详解】句意：根据校规，所有的学生都必须戴红领巾。我们没有人可以违反它。 考查代词辨析。both两者都；neither两者都不；all三者或三者以上都；none三者或三者以上都不 。根据“students”可知，数量大于二，第一空表示所有学生都要戴红领巾，用all；第二空表示没人能违反校规，用none。故选C。 14. finish /'fɪnɪʃ/v. 完成，做完；结束；吃完，喝光；获得名次 [词汇搭配] finishing line终止线；finish the race完成比赛；finish doing 完成做某事 finish with sb.与某人断绝关系；finish (up) with sth 最后得到；以…结束 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中finish的中文意思。 (1) Kelly finished off his coffee. 吃完，喝光 (2) Be quiet! He hasn't finished speaking. 完成，做完 (3) Dandy finished second in the race. 获得名次 (4) The teaching day finishes at around 4pm. 结束 15. encourage /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ v.鼓励；激励 [词汇拓展] encouragement (n.)鼓励，激励；encouraging(adj.)令人鼓舞的，振奋人心的 [词汇搭配] encourage sb. to do 鼓励某人做某事 [词汇例句] The teacher encouraged me to try new ways. 老师鼓励我尝试新的方式。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 My father encouraged me ________ part in more activities. A．take B．took C．to take D．taking 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我的父亲鼓励我参加更多的活动。 考查非谓语动词。take part in“参加”，encourage sb to do sth是固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，to take符合题意，故选C。 16. both/bəʊθ/pron.两者，双方 [词汇搭配] both...and... 不仅…而且…；…和…都 [词汇例句] Both women are French. 两名妇女都是法国人。 Both his mother and his father will be there.他父母二人都要去那里。 [词汇用法] · both与复数名词连用，表示“两个都”，可以用于“both (+the)+复数名词”(the可加可不加)，“both of+the+复数名词”，“both of+代词”，“they both”结构。当这些结构作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。 Both (the) boys are in Class Four. 两个男孩都是4班的。 Both of the boys are in Class Four. 两个男孩都是4班的。 I talked to the boys. Both of them are in Class Four. 我和孩子们交谈了。两个男孩都是4班的。 · “both...and...”连接两个同等的成分，可以连接名词，代词，形容词，动词等。 Both my mun and my aunt are doctors. 我妈妈和我爸爸都是医生。(连接两个名词) He is both clever and hard-working. 他即聪明又勤奋。(连接两个形容词) Sally both speaks and writes English. 萨利不但会说英语还会写英语。 17. attack/əˈtæk/v.袭击，殴打；破坏；侵袭，损害 n.袭击；（尤指常发疾病的）发作，侵袭 [词汇拓展] attacker(n.)袭击者；攻击者 [词汇搭配] make an attack发起攻击；under attack受到攻击；heart attack心脏病发作 [词汇例句] The man attacked him with a knife. 那个男人持刀向他行凶。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 If a bear is ___________, it __________ people. A．in danger; attack B．dangerous; attacks C．in danger; will attack D．dangerous; will attack 【答案】C 【详解】试题分析：in danger在危险中；dangerous危险的。句意：如果一只熊处于危险当中，它会袭击人类。结合语句可知下文描述的是将要发生的动作，故用一般将来时态。选Ｃ。 18. lose /luːz/ v.失去；输掉；浪费（时间），错过（机会） [词汇拓展] <过去式> lost；<动词-ing>losing ；loss(n.)丢失；丧失；lost(adj.)丢失的，失去的；迷路的 [词汇搭配] lose sth. 丢失某物；lose a game输掉比赛；lose oneself in...沉迷于，专心致志于 be/get lost迷路；丢失 [随学随练] 用lose的相关表达造句。 (1) 上周，三班输掉了篮球赛。 Class Three lost the basketball match last week. (2) Lucy丢失了她的手表。 Lucy lost her watch. (3) 我们浪费很多时间。 We lost much time. (4) 妈妈刚刚沉浸于那张老照片之中。 Mum lost herself in the old photo just now. (5) 孩子们在森林里迷路了。 The children were/got lost in the forest. 19. compare /kəm'peə(r)/ v. 相比较;可媲美 [词汇拓展] comparison(n.)比较，对比；comparative(adj.)比较的；比较而言的 [词汇搭配] compare...and/with...将...同...作比较；compare...to...把...比作... without compare无与伦比，举世无双 [词汇例句] We compared the two reports carefully. 我们仔细地比较了两个报告。 The writer compares the sky to a library.作者把天空比做成一个图书馆。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 Compare your answers ________ those at the back of the book to see if they are right. A．with B．for C．to D．by 【答案】A 【详解】句意：将你的答案与书后那些答案比较，以查看它们是否正确。 考查介词用法。with和；for为了；to到；by靠。compare…with…表示“将……与……进行比较”，所以应选择介词with。故选A。 20. wave/weiv/n.浪潮；海浪，波浪；挥手 v.挥手；挥舞；飘扬，摇晃 [词汇拓展] <过去式>waved；<动词-ing>waving [词汇搭配] wave sb. off挥手送别；wave goodbye to sb.挥手告别某人 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中wave的中文意思。 (1) He gave us a wave as the bus drove off. (n.)挥手 (2) The wind made little waves on the pond. (n.)波浪 (3) A wave of fear swept over him. (n.)浪潮 (4) The flag waved in the breeze. (v.)飘扬，摇晃 (5) My mother was crying as I waved her goodbye. (v.)挥手 3、 重难句型解析 1. However, 86-year-old Zhang Shun was still about 100 metres from the finishing line.然而,86岁的张顺距离终点线还有约100米。 (1) however表示“然而”，是副词，用于句首或句中，通常有逗号隔开。与but用法不同，but用作连词，连接两个句子构成并列句。 He was ill. However, he went to school on time. 他生病了。但是他准时去上学了。 (2) 86-year-old意为“86岁的”,是复合形容词，只能位于名词前作定语。像8 years old这样的“数词+复数名词+形容词”结构用作表语。 Lucy is just an 8-year-old girl. 露西只是个8岁的小女孩。 The rope is 5 meters long. 这根绳子长5米。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 Don’t shout at him. He is only ________ boy. A．a 8-year-old B．an 8-year-old C．a 8 years old D．an 8 years old 【答案】B 【详解】句意：不要对他大喊大叫。他只是一个8岁的男孩。 考查冠词和复合形容词结构。a 8-year-old错误表达；an 8-year-old一个8岁的；a 8 years old结构错误，“8 years old”不能作定语；an 8 years old结构错误，“8 years old”不能作定语。数字“8”的发音以元音音素开头，需用冠词“an”；空处作定语修饰名词boy，需用复合形容词“8-year-old”，故选B。 2. People watched him move slowly. 人们注视着他慢慢移动。 In 1989,I saw Beijing Marathon runners go past my home.在1989年,我看到北京马拉松选手跑过我家。 第一句和第二句中的谓语动词分别是watched和saw，move和go均是不带to的不定式结构作宾语补足语。watch,see,hear,notice等感官动词后常跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，表示强调动作的整个过程或曾经发生过。若强调动作正在进行，则接doing作宾语补足语。 I always see her run on the playground. 我经常看见她在操场上跑步。 I saw some boys playing soccer when I passed by the playground.当我经过操场时，我看见一些男孩子们在踢足球。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) I heard my mother ________ that strong roots make strong plants yesterday. A．say B．to say C．said D．saying 【答案】A 【详解】句意：昨天我听到我母亲说强壮的根能长出强壮的植物。 考查非谓语动词。say说（动词原形）；to say说（不定式）；said说（过去式）；saying说（现在分词）。在感官动词hear后接宾语补足语时，主动语态下非谓语动词需用省略to的动词不定式形式，即用动词原形来表示动作全过程，或用现在分词来表示动作正在进行。根据“that strong roots make strong plants”可知，听到的是这一完整动作，应用动词原形say。故选A。 (2) We saw the old man ________ slowly across the street just now. A．walk B．to walk C．walked D．walking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：刚才我们看见那位老人正在慢慢地过马路。 walk动词原形；to walk动词不定式；walked动词过去式或过去分词；walking动名词或现在分词。根据时间状语“just now”及“slowly”可知，是在强调刚才老人正在缓慢过马路的那个瞬间场景，用see sb doing sth的结构，表示“看见某人正在做某事”，应填walking。 3. This made him fall behind. 这使他落后了。 此句中谓语动词是made，fall 是不带to的不定式结构作宾语补足语使役动词make，let，have等后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。 David always makes us laugh. 大卫总是让我们笑。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 The boss made the workers ________ 12 hours a day in the old days. A．work B．to work C．working D．worked 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在过去，老板让工人们每天工作12个小时。 根据“made the workers”可知，此处是“make sb. do sth.”结构，表示“让某人做某事”，所以此处用动词原形work。应填work。 4. With people cheering, he finally crossed the finishing line! 在人们的欢呼中，他终于冲过了终点线！ 句中的With people cheering是“with+宾语+doing”构成的复合结构，其中宾语时doing动作的发出者，表示主动或正在进行的动作。 With the guide leading the way, we found the cave easily.有向导带路，我们很容易地找到了洞穴。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 With winter________on, it’s time to buy warm clothes. A．came B．comes C．come D．coming 【答案】D 【详解】句意：冬天来了，是时候买暖和的衣服了。A. came过去式，来；B. comes动词三单，来；C. come动词原形，来；D. coming现在分词或动名词，来。本题考查with的符合结构，with+宾语+宾语补足语，with+宾语+现在分词(宾语与宾补之间是主动关系)。故选D。 5. Zhang Shun was the oldest and the slowest runner to finish the 2022Beijing Marathon.张顺是完成2022年北京马拉松比赛中年龄最大、跑得最慢的选手。 (1) 本句中的oldest和slowest分别是形容词old和slow的最高级形式，用于三者或三者以上进行比较时，形容词的最高级前一般加定冠词the。 Lily is the tallest girl in her class. 莉莉是班上最高的女孩。 (2) to finish是不定式结构作后置定语修饰前面的the oldest and the slowest runner。当名词前有最高级，序数词，表唯一性的词修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。 He is the best person to do this job. 他是做这份工作的最佳人选。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) Mike is a new student in our class and I’m the first ________ friends with him. A．make B．to make C．making D．made 【答案】B 【详解】句意：麦克是我们班新来的学生，我是第一个和他交朋友的。 考查非谓语动词。make动词原形；to make动词不定式；making动词的ing形式；made过去式。根据“I’m the first…friends with him.”可知，我是第一个和他交朋友的，此处用动词不定式作定语，修饰序数词“the first”。故选B。 (2) I think the park near my home is the best place ________ fun on the weekend. A．have B．having C．to have D．had 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我认为我家附近的公园是周末最好玩的地方。 考查动词形式辨析。根据the park near my home is the best place，可知附近公园是周末最好玩的地方；本句用不定式做定语，故选C。 6. If possible, I will keep running.如果可能19的话，我会一直跑下去。 (1) if possible是if it is possible的省略形式。在条件状语从句中，主从句主语一致，或从句主谓部分为it is，状语从句可以省略。 If (it is) possible, I will go to Beijing for further study. 如果有可能的话，我将去北京深造学习。 (2) 在含条件状语从句的主从复合句中，若主句是祈使句、主句谓语含有情态动词或主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，即“主将从现”。 You will feel better if you take the medicine. 如果你吃这些药，你会感觉好一点。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 If you are friendly to people in the future, you ________ a lot more back. A．get B．got C．will get D．are getting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果你将来对人们友好，你会得到更多的回报。 考查时态。get得到，动词原形；got得到，过去式；will get将会得到，一般将来时；are getting正在得到，现在进行时。在if引导的条件状语从句中，时态遵循“主将从现”，即从句“you are friendly”用一般现在时表将来，主句应用一般将来时will get表示将发生的结果。故选C。 4、 基础知识综合练习 1. 根据提示填写正确形式的单词，每空一词。 (1) Shall we go to the hospital right now when having a _________ (肚子痛)? 【答案】stomachache (2) —Would you like green tea or black tea? —________ (两者都不), thanks. Just a cup of water, please. 【答案】Neither (3) All of the students ________ (欢呼) with joy when they heard the good news. 【答案】cheered (4) After winning the competition, the girl became more ________ (自信的) in her abilities. 【答案】confident (5) Career talks can help us make good ________ (选择) for our future jobs. 【答案】choices (6) When will you ________ (结束；完成) your homework? 【答案】finish (7) Learning should be a ________ (终身的) journey. 【答案】lifelong (8) Don’t be afraid to ________(失去); sometimes losing is also a kind of growth. 【答案】lose (9) A group of wild dogs tried to ________ (袭击) the sheep, but the farmer chased them away. 【答案】attack (10) Our English teacher often ________ (鼓励) us to practice writing. 【答案】encourages (11) His ________ (梦想) is to become a doctor and help sick people. 【答案】dream (12) I kept a detailed ________ of every interesting story I heard.(记录) 【答案】record (13) Before you ________ (越过) the road, you must look at the traffic lights (红绿灯). 【答案】cross (14) ________ (两者都) Tony and Jack are in the school band. 【答案】Both (15) —Why don’t you like __________ (鲨鱼), Sam? —Because they’re really scary. 【答案】sharks (16) I am a special girl. Don’t ________ (相比较) me with others. 【答案】compare (17) I like lying on the sand, listening to the sounds of the ________ (海浪) breaking on the shore. 【答案】waves (18) When you’re nervous, you can ________ ________ ________ (屏住呼吸)first. 【答案】 hold your breath (19) He was the first to cross the ________ ________(终点线). 【答案】 finishing line (20) We need to buy many things for the trip. ________ ________ ________ ________(最后但同等重要的), don’t forget to bring some snacks. 【答案】 Last but not least 2. 用所给词的正确形式填空或者填上合适的词使句意完整。 (1) I often wake up in the early morning and go out to _________ (breath) fresh air. 【答案】breathe 【详解】句意：我经常在清晨醒来，并出去呼吸新鲜空气。根据“go out to…fresh air”可知，此处指出去呼吸新鲜空气。此处位于不定式符号to之后，应用动词原形。breath意为“呼吸”，名词，其对应的动词形式为breathe意为“呼吸”。故填breathe。 (2) Exercises like walking or running not only give you energy but also build ________ (confident). 【答案】confidence 【详解】句意：像散步或跑步这样的运动不仅能给你能量，还能建立自信。confident“自信的”，是形容词；句中build是及物动词，后需接名词作宾语，confident的名词形式是confidence，意为“自信”，为不可数名词。故填confidence。 (3) Jenny ________ (choice) to be a pilot and she studies hard for her ________ (choice). 【答案】 chooses choice 【详解】句意：珍妮选择成为一名飞行员，她为了自己的选择而努力学习。choice“选择”，名词，第一个空，根据“Jenny...to be a pilot”可知，此处是动词作谓语，choose“选择”，动词，句子是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数形式，动词用三单形式；第二个空，根据“her”可知，此处用名词作宾语，且为单数形式，特指她的这个选择。故填chooses；choice。 (4) Tom lost his bike yesterday. Let’s go to cheer him ___________. 【答案】up 【详解】句意：汤姆昨天丢了自行车。让我们去让他振作起来。根据“Tom lost his bike yesterday.” 可知，这里应该是去让他振作起来，cheer up意为“振作起来”。故填up。 (5) Many people dream ________ living a peaceful life in the countryside. 【答案】of 【详解】句意：许多人梦想在乡下过平静的生活。句中“dream of”是固定搭配，意为“梦想做某事”，后接动名词作宾语，故填of。 (6) The students have finished ________ (clean) their classroom. 【答案】cleaning 【详解】句意：学生们已经打扫完他们的教室了。finish doing sth.为固定搭配，表示“完成做某事”，故空处需动名词。故填cleaning。 (7) My teacher often encourages us ________ (take) part in more after-school volunteer activities. 【答案】to take 【详解】句意：我的老师经常鼓励我们参加更多的课外志愿者活动。根据“encourages us…”及提示词可知，encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”，动词短语。故填to take。 (8) She ________ (lose) her way in the forest last week. 【答案】lost 【详解】句意：她上周在森林里迷路了。句中的“last week”是一般过去时的标志词，表示过去发生的动作。动词“lose”的过去式是“lost”。故填lost。 (9) As parents, we shouldn’t compare our children ________ other children. 【答案】with 【详解】句意：作为父母，我们不应该把自己的孩子和其他孩子作比较。固定搭配“compare...with...”，表示“把……和……作比较”。故填with。 (10) The teacher watched the students ________ (discuss) in groups at that moment. 【答案】discussing 【详解】句意：那时老师看着学生们正在分组讨论。根据“at that moment”可知，动作正发生在过去的某个特定时间点，watch sb. doing sth.表示“看见某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行，因此用discuss的现在分词discussing。故填discussing。 (11) Spring makes people ______ (feel) relaxed and happy. 【答案】feel 【详解】句意：春天让人们感到放松和快乐。根据句子结构，“makes”是使役动词，常见用法有“make sb do sth”，意思是“使某人做某事”，在这个结构中，后面要接动词原形作宾语补足语。在本句中，“people”是“makes”的宾语，“feel relaxed and happy”是对“people”状态的补充说明，所以“feel”要用动词原形。故填feel。 (12) A group of tourists got together to sing and dance, with the tour guide ________ (play) the flute. 【答案】playing 【详解】句意：一群游客聚在一起唱歌跳舞，导游在吹长笛。“with+宾语+现在分词”是独立主格结构，强调动作正在进行，play的现在分词是playing，故填playing。 (13) Spring is the best time ________ (visit) Suzhou. 【答案】to visit 【详解】句意：春天是游览苏州的最佳时间。visit“参观，游览”，动词，此处应用动词不定式作后置定语修饰名词time，表示“游览苏州的最佳时间”，the best time to do sth.“做某事的最佳时间”。故填to visit。 (14) Tom, please fill the glass ________ milk. 【答案】with 【详解】句意：汤姆，请把玻璃杯装满牛奶。fill...with...表示“把……装满……”，故填with。 (15) —How do you keep healthy? —I try ________ (exercise) for 30 minutes every morning. 【答案】to exercise 【详解】句意：——你是如何保持健康的？——我尽量每天早上锻炼30分钟。exercise“锻炼”，动词原形，try to do sth.“努力、尽力去做某事”，强调付出努力达成目标。故填to exercise。 (16) I have a plan ________ (improve) my English by practising speaking it every day. 【答案】to improve 【详解】句意：我有一个通过每天练习说英语来提高我英语水平的计划。句中“have a plan”表示“有一个计划”，后面常用动词不定式作后置定语，说明计划的具体内容。 (17) His dream is ________ (join) a swimming race. 【答案】to join 【详解】句意：他的梦想是参加一场游泳比赛。根据“His dream is”可知，句子中“is”是系动词，后面需要接表语。动词原形“join”不能直接作表语，因此需要变为不定式形式“to join”，表示“参加”这一动作。不定式在句中作表语，说明“他的梦想”是什么。故填to join。 (18) He promised that he would give up ________ (smoke). 【答案】smoking 【详解】句意：他承诺他会戒烟。句中“give up”是固定搭配，意为“放弃”，后接动名词作宾语，“smoke”的动名词形式是“smoking”。故填smoking。 (19) My father gets some exercise every day _________ (keep) fit. 【答案】to keep 【详解】句意：我的父亲每天锻炼身体以保持健康。keep意为“保持”，是动词。锻炼身体的目的是保持健康，应用不定式作目的状语。故填to keep。 (20) Tom’s dream was to become a ________ (surf). 【答案】surfer 【详解】句意：汤姆的梦想是成为一名冲浪者。根据“become a”可知，此处描述汤姆的理想，空处需要名词，意为“冲浪者”。故填surfer。 3. 单项填空。 (1) The old man always sits there quietly watching the children ________. A．to play B．plays C．play D．played 【答案】C 【详解】句意：那位老人总是安静地坐在那里看孩子们玩耍。 考查动词watch的用法。watch sb. do sth.表示“看见某人做某事（强调看到动作的全过程）”，watch sb. doing sth.表示“看见某人正在做某事（强调动作正在进行）”。根据句意，老人安静地坐着看孩子们玩耍，强调观看玩耍的全过程，因此应用动词原形play作宾语补足语。故选C。 (2) The twin brothers are good at football and ______ of them have a talent (天赋) for sports. A．each B．either C．both D．all 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这对双胞胎兄弟擅长足球，并且他们两人都有运动天赋。 考查不定代词辨析。each每个,指两者或以上中的每一个；either两者中任一个；both两者都；all全部,指三者或以上。根据前文“twin brothers”可知指双胞胎两人，且后文“have a talent”为复数谓语，表示“两人都”有天赋。故选C。 (3) —Why do people love the Steel Roses? —________ their courage and hard work. A．Because B．Because of C．As D．Since 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——为什么人们喜爱铿锵玫瑰？——因为她们的勇气和努力。 考查介词（短语）辨析。Because因为（连词，后接句子）；Because of因为（介词短语，后接名词、代词或动名词）；As由于（连词，后接句子）；Since既然（连词，后接句子）。空格后是名词短语“their courage and hard work”，需用介词短语连接。故选B。 (4) —Let’s ________ these two leaves! Can you tell the differences? —Their shapes look the same, but their sizes are a little different. A．compare B．create C．explain D．change 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——让我们比较这两片叶子！你能说出区别吗？——它们的形状看起来一样，但大小有点不同。 考查动词辨析。compare比较；create创造；explain解释；change改变。根据“Let’s…these two leaves! Can you tell the differences?”可知，第一人建议做某事来找出叶子的差异，第二人直接描述了两片叶子的差异，形状相同但大小不同。此处用compare“比较”，符合语境。故选A。 (5) —Do you often read books? —Yes. My parents always ________ me to do more reading in my free time and I love it. A．send B．introduce C．teach D．encourage 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你经常读书吗？——是的。我的父母总是鼓励我在空闲时间多读书，我很喜欢。 考查动词辨析。send发送；introduce介绍；teach教；encourage鼓励。根据“…to do more reading in my free time and I love it.”可知，父母的行为是积极的、支持性的，而非强迫或教授技能。encourage“鼓励”，表示给予动力或支持，符合语境中父母促使我自愿多读书且我享受其中的逻辑。故选D。 (6) —Why not ________ what you use your money for? —Good idea! Then I can know where my money goes. A．record B．result C．receive D．regret 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——为什么不记录下你用钱做了什么呢？——好主意！然后我就能知道我的钱去了哪里。 考查动词词义辨析。record记录；result引起，产生；receive收到；regret后悔。根据答语“Good idea! Then I can know where my money goes.”可知，此处是建议对方记录账单，这样就知道钱去哪了。故选A。 (7) You had to make a ________ between the two answers. A．chance B．choice C．game D．pity 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你必须在两个答案中做出选择。 考查名词辨析。chance机会；choice选择；game游戏；pity遗憾。根据“between the two answers”可知，此处表示在两个答案中做出选择，make a choice“做出选择”，固定短语。故选B。 (8) —Can we walk ________ the street now? —No, we can’t. We must ________ the street when the light turns green. A．across; cross B．cross; across C．through; across D．across; across 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我们现在可以过马路了吗？——不行，我们必须等绿灯亮了再过马路。 考查介词across和动词cross的用法。across穿过（介词，指从表面穿过）；cross穿过（动词）；through穿过（介词，强调从内部穿过）。根据“Can we walk…the street now”可知，第一空需要介词，walk across表示“步行穿过马路”；根据“We must …the street when the light turns green”可知，must 后接动词原形，第二空需要动词，cross the street表示“过马路”。故选A。 (9) My father kept ________, and finally reached his goal. A．working hard B．to work hard C．working hardly D．to work hardly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的父亲一直努力不懈，最终实现了自己的目标。 考查动名词作宾语和副词辨析。 keep doing sth“一直做某事”，排除BD。hard努力地；hardly几乎不。work hard“努力工作”。故选A。 (10) The school encouraged Liu Xiang ________ for the high jump. A．train B．trains C．trained D．to train 【答案】D 【详解】句意：学校鼓励刘翔训练跳高。 考查非谓语动词。encourage sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，此处应填动词不定式to train。故选D。 (11) —I’m not in the Basketball Club again. —Cheer up. More ________ are waiting for you. A．choices B．scientists C．shows D．colleges 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我又不在篮球俱乐部了。——振作起来。更多的选择在等着你。 考查名词辨析。choices选择；scientists科学家；shows表演；colleges学院。根据“I’m not in the Basketball Club again.”及“Cheer up”可知，应该有更多的选择等着你。故选A。 (12) —I dream of being a scientist like Qian Qihu. —Work hard and never ________. I’m sure you will achieve it one day. A．give up B．cheer up C．hurry up D．wake up 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我梦想成为像钱七虎那样的科学家。——努力奋斗，永不放弃。我确信你总有一天会实现的。 考查动词短语辨析。give up放弃；cheer up使振作起来；hurry up赶快；wake up醒来。根据“I’m sure you will achieve it one day.”可知，此处是鼓励对方努力且不放弃，终有实现梦想的一天。故选A。 5、 技能提升综合练习 1. 语法填空。 Zibo is called “the home of soccer balls”. It’s the birthplace of the ancient (古老的) Chinese sport of cuju. In 2004, cuju (1) (win) the recognition (认可) of FIFA—soccer’s governing body (管理机构)—as the earliest form of soccer. Li Weipeng, from Linzi district of Zibo city, is (2) seventh-generation inheritor (传承人) of cuju. He has practices cuju skills (3) eighteen years. It is not easy (4) (get) good at different cuju skills. “At the beginning, I spent eight hours a day practicing juggling (颠) a ball. It was tiring, (5) I didn’t give up.” Li told China Daily. Hard work is the key to success. He now can juggle a ball with his foot over 10,000 times (6) (easy) in a row. The traditional Chinese sport cuju is now popular at primary and middle schools in Linzi and (7) (it) moves (动作) have become dances and morning exercises. Li is one of the (8) (teacher) to teach students cuju moves. “Students show great interest in (9) (play) cuju. It (10) (encourage) me to promote (推广) the ancient sport,” Li told China Daily. 【答案】 (1)won (2)the (3)for (4)to get (5)but (6)easily (7)its (8)teachers (9)playing (10)encourages 【导语】本文以淄博“足球之乡”的定位为切入点，介绍了中国古代运动“蹴鞠”的历史价值——2004年获国际足联认可为足球最早形式；重点讲述了淄博临淄区蹴鞠第七代传承人李伟鹏多年坚持练习蹴鞠技艺、克服困难的经历；同时提及蹴鞠目前在临淄中小学的推广现状，展现了传统运动蹴鞠的文化传承与当代活力。 (1)句意：2004年，蹴鞠获得了国际足球管理机构——国际足联 (FIFA) 的认可，被认定为足球最早的形式。根据“In 2004”可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，谓语动词win需用其过去式won。故填won。 (2)句意：来自淄博市临淄区的李伟鹏，是蹴鞠的第七代传承人。根据空后“seventh-generation inheritor of cuju”可知，此处是指蹴鞠的第七代传承人，序数词seventh“第七”前需加定冠词“the”，特指“第七代传承人”。故填the。 (3)句意：他练习蹴鞠技艺已经18年了。介词“for”后接一段时间 (eighteen years)，表示动作持续的时间。故填for。 (4)句意：掌握不同的蹴鞠技巧并不容易。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定句型It is +形容词+ to do sth.“做某事是……的”，其中“It”是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语，因此这里应用动词不定式to get。故填to get。 (5)句意：虽然很累，但我没有放弃。分析句子结构可知，前半句说“很累”，后半句说“没有放弃”，前后存在明显的转折关系，应用but“但是”连接。故填but。 (6)句意：如今，他能用脚连续颠球超过10000次，且毫不费力。分析句子结构可知，此处应用easy的副词形式easily“轻松地”，在句中作状语，修饰动词“juggle”。故填easily。 (7)句意：中国传统运动蹴鞠如今在临淄的中小学很受欢迎，它的动作还被改编成了舞蹈和早操。空后moves“动作”是名词，这里需用it的形容词性物主代词its“它的”，在句中作定语，修饰“moves”，表示“蹴鞠的动作”。故填its。 (8)句意：李伟鹏就是教学生蹴鞠动作的老师之一。分析句子结构可知，此处考查one of +可数名词复数“……之一”，固定搭配，因此这里应用可数名词teacher“老师”的复数形式teachers，说明李伟鹏是众多教学生蹴鞠动作的老师中的一员。故填teachers。 (9)句意：学生们对踢蹴鞠表现出极大的兴趣。空前“in”是介词，介词后面接动词时，需用动名词形式，因此这里应用动词play的动名词形式playing。故填playing。 (10)句意：“这激励着我去推广这项古老的运动。”李伟鹏在接受《中国日报》采访时表示。句子为直接引用李伟鹏的话，“It”指代的是上文“Students show great interest in playing cuju”这件事，这件事 (作为事实) 对李伟鹏产生的激励作用是持续且当前的，时态需用一般现在时，且主语“It”是第三人称单数，谓语动词encourage应用其三单形式encourages。故填encourages。 2. 阅读理解 A Sports are an important part of many people’s lives. They not only keep us healthy but also teach us valuable lessons about life. One of the most important lessons is the spirit of perseverance (坚持不懈).    Michael is a young boy who loves running. He dreams of becoming a famous runner. However, Michael was born with a weak leg. It is difficult for him to run as fast as other children. But Michael never gives up. He practices running every day after school. He runs slowly at first, but he keeps on running. Sometimes he feels tired and wants to stop, but he always tells himself, “I can do it.” One day, there was a running competition in Michael’s school. All the students wanted to take part in it. Michael also decided to join the competition. His friends and family were worried about him. They thought he couldn’t finish the race. But Michael was determined (坚定的). On the day of the competition, Michael ran as fast as he could. He fell down twice, but he got up quickly and continued running. Finally, he crossed the finish line. Although he didn’t win the first prize, everyone cheered for him. They were all moved by his perseverance. Michael’s story tells us that no matter how difficult things are, we should never give up. As long as we keep trying, we can achieve our dreams. The spirit of perseverance is very important in our lives. It helps us overcome difficulties and become stronger. (1) What is Michael’s dream? A．To become a famous runner. B．To become a doctor. C．To become a teacher. D．To become a writer. (2) Why is it difficult for Michael to run fast? A．Because he is too fat. B．Because he is too short. C．Because he was born with a weak leg. D．Because he doesn't like running. (3) What did Michael do every day after school? A．He played football. B．He practiced running. C．He did his homework. D．He watched TV. (4) What happened to Michael during the running competition? A．He gave up halfway. B．He won the first prize. C．He didn’t take part in the competition. D．He fell down twice but continued running. (5) What can we learn from Michael’s story? A．We should give up when things are difficult. B．The spirit of perseverance is very important. C．We don’t need to practice if we are talented. D．It's easy to achieve our dreams. 【答案】(1)A (2)C (3)B (4)D (5)B 【导语】本文主要讲述了热爱跑步的男孩迈克尔，虽天生腿弱但从不放弃，坚持练习跑步并参加学校跑步比赛，最终凭借坚持不懈的精神完成比赛，告诉我们坚持不懈的精神在生活中非常重要。 (1)细节理解题。根据“Michael is a young boy who loves running. He dreams of becoming a famous runner.”可知，迈克尔的梦想是成为一名著名的跑步运动员。故选A。 (2)细节理解题。根据“However, Michael was born with a weak leg. It is difficult for him to run as fast as other children.”可知，迈克尔很难跑得快，是因为他天生腿就很弱。故选C。 (3)细节理解题。根据“But Michael never gives up. He practices running every day after school.”可知，迈克尔每天放学后都会练习跑步。故选B。 (4)细节理解题。根据“On the day of the competition, Michael ran as fast as he could. He fell down twice, but he got up quickly and continued running.”可知，迈克尔在跑步比赛中摔倒了两次，但很快爬起来继续跑。故选D。 (5)主旨大意题。根据“Michael’s story tells us that no matter how difficult things are, we should never give up. As long as we keep trying, we can achieve our dreams. The spirit of perseverance is very important in our lives.”可知，从迈克尔的故事中我们能学到，坚持不懈的精神非常重要。故选B。 B On March 1, 2025, Chinese runner Wu Yanni made history! She ran 60 meters hurdles (跨栏) in an amazing time of 8.01 seconds at a world race. Though she didn’t win the final, the 27-year-old girl broke China’s 11-year record (8.02 seconds). This fantastic run also made her No. 1 in Asia (亚洲). Wu never stops working hard. Between 2018 and 2025, she won five national 100m hurdles titles. That’s a lot! Just last season, she improved her time from 8.15 to 8.06 seconds. Running over hurdles needs great power, so getting faster by even 0.01 seconds faster is very difficult. To get better, Wu trained her body hard and made her starting speed faster. In the race, her start was the third fastest in the eight top runners. Now Wu sets her eyes on bigger goals. Her next is to break China’s record of 100m hurdles before trying for an Asian record. “I know it won’t be easy,” she said, “so I must keep improving my skills.” (1) What record did Wu Yanni break? A．The world record for 100m hurdles. B．The Asian record for 60m hurdles. C．China’s 60m hurdles record. D．Her last year’s hurdles record. (2) What does the underlined word “titles” in paragraph 2 mean? A．First places. B．Records. C．Jobs. D．Books. (3) How did Wu Yanni improve herself? A．By joining in difficult races. B．By relaxing her body. C．By talking to other runners. D．By doing more exercise. (4) What can we learn from Wu Yanni’s story? A．Be happy with what we have. B．Be famous as early as possible. C．Keep working hard for our dreams. D．Winners never make mistakes. 【答案】(1)C (2)A (3)D (4)C 【导语】本文报道了中国跨栏运动员吴艳妮在2025年3月1日以8.01秒打破中国女子60米栏11年纪录的成就，并概述其职业生涯中的努力与进步。 (1)细节理解题。根据“She ran 60 meters hurdles (跨栏) in an amazing time of 8.01 seconds at a world race.…the 27-year-old girl broke China’s 11-year record (8.02 seconds)”可知，打破了中国 60 米跨栏纪录，故选C。 (2)词句猜测题。根据“she won five national 100m hurdles titles.”可推断，她获得了五次全国 100 米跨栏比赛的冠军，划线单词与First places词义相近，故选A。 (3)细节理解题。根据“To get better, Wu trained her body hard and made her starting speed faster.”可知，通过努力训练，多做锻炼来提高自己，故选D。 (4)推理判断题。根据“so I must keep improving my skills”及文章的内容可知，从她的故事里学到：继续努力，为我们的梦想而奋斗，故选C。 3. 任务型阅读 请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答问题。 Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner is a great mountain climber. She has climbed 14 of the world’s highest mountains. Most climbers need extra oxygen (额外的氧气) to reach the top of these mountains. However, Kaltenbrunner is the first woman to climb all 14 mountains without extra oxygen. At the age of 13, Kaltenbrunner climbed her first big mountain, Sturzhahn. She became a nurse, but always had a love for climbing. 32-year-old Kaltenbrunner climbed her fourth big mountain, Nanga Parbat in Pakistan, and later became a full-time mountain climber. In 2007, Kaltenbrunner met an avalanche (雪崩) when climbing Dhaulagiri in Nepal. She nearly died. When the avalanche stopped, it was very dark and she didn’t know where she was. She cut her tent (帐篷) with a small knife. Slowly, Kaltenbrunner got out of the snow. After the avalanche, Kaltenbrunner said, “I couldn’t stop climbing. This is my life.” She climbed the 14th mountain, K2 between Pakistan and China. Facing many problems, Kaltenbrunner still never thought of giving up. “If you really love something, you’ll find a way to do it,” she said. (1) How many of the highest mountains in the world has Kaltenbrunner climbed? (不超过10个词) (2) How old was Kaltenbrunner when she climbed her first big mountain? (不超过5个词) (3) On which mountain did she meet an avalanche? (不超过5个词) (4) What does Kaltenbrunner see climbing as? (不超过5个词) (5) What can you learn from Kaltenbrunner? 【答案】(1)14./Fourteen. (2)13 years old./Thirteen years old. (3)On Dhaulagiri in Nepal. (4)Her life. (5)Never give up./When we face problems, we should learn not to give up. 【导语】本文主要讲述了Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner的登山经历。 (1)根据“Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner is a great mountain climber. She has climbed 14 of the world’s highest mountains.”可知，她爬过14座世界最高峰。故填14./Fourteen. (2)根据“At the age of 13, Kaltenbrunner climbed her first big mountain, Sturzhahn.”可知，13岁时，Kaltenbrunner爬上了她的第一座大山，故填13 years old./Thirteen years old. (3)根据“In 2007, Kaltenbrunner met an avalanche (雪崩) when climbing Dhaulagiri in Nepal.”可知，Kaltenbrunner在攀登尼泊尔的道拉吉里山时遇到了雪崩。故填On Dhaulagiri in Nepal. (4)根据“I couldn’t stop climbing. This is my life.”可知，她视登山为她的生命，故填Her life. (5)开放性问题，言之有理即可。参考答案为：Never give up./When we face problems, we should learn not to give up. 4. 完形填空 Liu Tao is a 14-year-old boy who loves running. He dreamed of joining the school running team for a long time. Last year, he finally got the (1) to try out. He trained hard every day after school, running 5 kilometers each time. His best friend, Li Ming, who was also a runner, often practiced with him and (2) him a lot. On the day of the tryout, Liu Tao felt (3) . He had prepared well and believed he could do well. The tryout was a 3-kilometer race. At first, Liu Tao ran fast and kept up with the leading group. But after 2 kilometers, he felt a sharp pain in his leg. He (4) down and almost fell. He thought, “Should I stop or keep running?” (5) choice was easy. If he stopped, he would lose the chance to join the team. If he kept running, the pain might get worse. Just then, he heard Li Ming’s voice: “Come on, Tao! You’re not alone. I’m with you!” Li Ming slowed down and ran beside him. “We trained so hard for this. Neither of us should give up now,” Li Ming said. With his friend’s (6) , Liu Tao found the courage to keep going. He ran slowly but steadily. The pain was still there, but he didn’t (7) heart. Finally, Liu Tao crossed the finishing line. He was not the first, but he finished the race. The coach was impressed by his (8) . “You have great perseverance,” the coach said. “Both you and Li Ming are welcome to join the team.” Liu Tao was so happy. He realized that running was not just about (9) . It was also about friendship and teamwork. From then on, Liu Tao and Li Ming trained even harder together. They encouraged each other and made progress every day. Liu Tao learned that (10) great achievements requires hard work, courage, and the support of friends. He also knew that as long as he never gave up, he could overcome any (11) . One day, the school held a running competition. Liu Tao and Li Ming were in the same group. During the race, Li Ming suddenly stumbled and fell. Liu Tao immediately stopped and helped him up. “Are you okay?” he asked. “I’m fine, but I can’t run anymore,” Li Ming said (12) . “Go on without me. You can win!” Liu Tao looked at his friend and then at the finishing line. He made a (13) . He decided to run with Li Ming. “Neither of us will finish first, but we’ll finish together,” Liu Tao said. They supported each other and walked slowly towards the finishing line. The crowd cheered loudly for them. Even though they didn’t win the race, they won the respect of everyone. This experience made Liu Tao understand the true meaning of sports. It’s not about being the best, but about being the (14) you can be. It’s about helping others and working together. Sports teach us valuable lessons that we can use in our daily lives. Liu Tao will always (15) this lesson. (1)A．chance B．time C．money D．advice (2)A．helped B．stopped C．troubled D．ignored (3)A．nervous B．confident C．sad D．angry (4)A．slowed B．put C．turned D．sat (5)A．Either B．Neither C．Both D．All (6)A．discouragement B．punishment C．encouragement D．competition (7)A．lose B．find C．keep D．take (8)A．speed B．strength C．courage D．wealth (9)A．winning B．losing C．running D．training (10)A．achieving B．dreaming C．planning D．changing (11)A．danger B．difficulty C．fear D．happiness (12)A．happily B．excitedly C．sadly D．angrily (13)A．mistake B．decision C．promise D．wish (14)A．best B．fastest C．strongest D．bravest (15)A．forget B．remember C．learn D．teach 【答案】 (1)A (2)A (3)B (4)A (5)B (6)C (7)A (8)C (9)A (10)A (11)B (12)C (13)B (14)A (15)B 【导语】本文主要讲述了14岁的刘涛热爱跑步，梦想加入校队，在朋友鼓励和自身努力下最终明白体育真正意义的故事。 (1)句意：去年，他终于得到了试训的机会。 chance机会；time时间；money金钱；advice建议。根据“He dreamed of joining the school running team for a long time.”可知，刘涛一直梦想加入校队，所以这里是说得到试训机会，故选A。 (2)句意：他最好的朋友李明，也是一名跑步者，经常和他一起练习，给了他很多帮助。 helped帮助；stopped停止；troubled麻烦；ignored忽视。根据“often practiced with him”可知，李明和他一起练习，所以是给了他很多帮助，故选A。 (3)句意：试训那天，刘涛感到很自信。 nervous紧张的；confident自信的；sad悲伤的；angry生气的。根据“He had prepared well and believed he could do well.”可知，刘涛准备充分且相信自己能做好，所以是感到自信，故选B。 (4)句意：他慢了下来，差点摔倒。 slowed放慢；put放；turned转动；sat坐。根据“But after 2 kilometers, he felt a sharp pain in his leg.”可知，刘涛腿疼，所以会慢下来，故选A。 (5)句意：两个选择都不容易。 Either两者中任意一个；Neither两者都不；Both两者都；All三者或三者以上都。根据“If he stopped, he would lose the chance to join the team. If he kept running, the pain might get worse.”可知，停止和继续跑这两个选择都不好，故选B。 (6)句意：在朋友的鼓励下，刘涛找到了继续前进的勇气。 discouragement气馁；punishment惩罚；encouragement鼓励；competition竞争。根据“Li Ming slowed down and ran beside him. ‘We trained so hard for this. Neither of us should give up now,’ Li Ming said.”可知，李明在鼓励刘涛，所以是朋友的鼓励让他找到勇气，故选C。 (7)句意：疼痛还在，但他没有灰心。 lose失去；find找到；keep保持；take拿走。根据“With his friend’s encouragement, Liu Tao found the courage to keep going.”可知，刘涛继续前进，所以是没有灰心，lose heart表示灰心，故选A。 (8)句意：教练对他的勇气印象深刻。 speed速度；strength力量；courage勇气；wealth财富。根据“You have great perseverance”可知，刘涛坚持跑完，展现出毅力，所以教练对他的勇气印象深刻，故选C。 (9)句意：他意识到跑步不仅仅是关于获胜。 winning获胜；losing失败；running跑步；training训练。根据“It was also about friendship and teamwork.”可知，跑步不仅是关于获胜，还关于友谊和团队合作，故选A。 (10)句意：刘涛了解到，取得伟大的成就需要努力工作、勇气和朋友的支持。 achieving取得；dreaming梦想；planning计划；changing改变。根据“requires hard work, courage, and the support of friends”可知，取得伟大成就需要这些，故选A。 (11)句意：他也知道，只要他永不放弃，他就能克服任何困难。 danger危险；difficulty困难；fear恐惧；happiness幸福。根据“as long as he never gave up”可知，永不放弃就能克服困难，故选B。 (12)句意：“我没事，但我不能再跑了，”李明悲伤地说。 happily开心地；excitedly兴奋地；sadly悲伤地；angrily生气地。根据“I can’t run anymore”可知，李明不能再跑，所以是悲伤地说，故选C。 (13)句意：他做了一个决定。 mistake错误；decision决定；promise承诺；wish愿望。根据“He decided to run with Li Ming.”可知，刘涛做了一个决定，故选B。 (14)句意：这不是关于成为最好的，而是关于成为你能成为的最好的自己。 best最好的；fastest最快的；strongest最强壮的；bravest最勇敢的。根据“you can be”可知，这里强调成为最好的自己，故选A。 (15)句意：刘涛将永远记住这一课。 forget忘记；remember记住；learn学习；teach教。根据“This experience made Liu Tao understand the true meaning of sports.”可知，这次经历让刘涛明白体育的真正意义，所以会永远记住这一课，故选B。 第 1 页 共 20 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Go for it ! 核心知识点精讲精练 1 (Understanding ideas) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Understanding ideas；Grammar和Developing ideas三个部分。 · Understanding ideas包括本部分重点短语、重点词汇、重难句型等核心知识点。 · 本资料包含数量丰富与多类型的随学随练，基础知识综合练习(填写单词，用适当形式填空，单项填空等)与技能提升综合练习(阅读理解、完形填空或语篇填空等)。 1、 重点短语集锦 1. last but not least 最后但同样重要 2. 86-year-old 86岁的 3. finishing line 终点线 4. watch him move slowly 看到他缓慢移动(watch sb do sth 看到某人做某事) 5. hold one's breath 屏住呼吸 6. make it 获得成功 7. feel confident 感到自信 8. have a stomachache 胃疼;肚子疼 9. on the way 在路上 10. fall behind 落后 11. take a rest 休息一下 12. at his age 在他这个年纪 13. run on 继续跑；持续进行 14. with people cheering 在人们的欢呼声中；随着人们的欢呼声 15. worry about 担心 16. lifelong dream 一生的梦想 17. go past 经过，走过 18. fill...with sth. 用某物填满... 19. try to do sth 尽力做某事 20. enjoy every moment 享受每一刻 21. matter to sb. 对某人重要，对某人来说有关系 22. have no plans to... 没有做...的计划 23. if possible 如果可能的话 24. keep doing sth 持续做某事 25. raise money 筹钱，募钱 26. in need 有需要的 27. the power of loving sports 热爱运动的力量 28. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 29. because of 因为 30. either...or... 要么...要么...，或者...或者... 31. take part in 参加(活动) 32. finish the race 完成赛跑 33. sink or swim 自生自灭，成败全靠自己 34. give up (doing...) 放弃(做...) 35. compare with 与...比较 36. ride the waves of her dream 乘着她梦想的波浪；追寻梦想 37. get through 通过；完成 38. train hard for... 为...努力训练 2、 重点词汇解析 1. line /laɪn/  n. 线；排，行，列；（人）队伍，行列；v. 沿…形成行（或列、排） [词汇搭配] finishing line终点线；in (a) line (with sth)（与…）成一排，成一直线 line up排成一行；站队；排队（等候） [词汇例句] The children all stood in a line . 孩子们全都站成一排。 Draw a thick black line across the page.在此页上横画一条粗黑线。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 Don’t push. It is polite to ______ in public. A．cut in line B．make a noise C．wait in line D．break rules 2. breath /breθ/  n.呼出的气；吸入的气 [词汇拓展] breathe(v.) 呼吸，呼出 [词汇搭配] hold your breath 屏住呼吸；屏息静气；take a deep breath深深吸一口气 out of breath喘不上气，透不过气来 [词汇例句] We had to stop for breath before we got to the top. 我们不得不喘口气，然后再登山顶。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —Dad, I am angry. What should I do? —You should ________. A．wear warm clothes B．take a deep breath C．see a doctor (2) —Oh my goodness! I can ________ because of the terrible smell. —Kate, hold your ________ and leave here quickly. A．not breath; breath B．hard breathe; breathe C．hardly breathe; breath 3. confident /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ adj.有信心的，自信的 [词汇拓展] confidently(adv.)有信心地；confidence(n.)信心；self-confident(adj.)自信的； self-confidence(n.)自信心 [词汇搭配] feel confident 感到自信；be confident about...对...有信心 [词汇例句] In time he became more confident and relaxed.过了一段时间，他变得更加自信、更为放 松。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 —I’m afraid that I may lose the match. —Never mind. Be ________, or you’ll miss such a good chance. A．serious B．interested C．strict D．confident 4. stomachache /ˈstʌməkeɪk/ n.胃痛；肚子痛 [词汇拓展] stomach（n.）胃，肚子；ache (n.) （身体某部位的）疼痛；backache(n.)背痛； headache(n.)头痛 [词汇搭配] have a stomachache胃痛，肚子痛 [词汇例句] Later, she had a stomachache and her face turned pale.后来，她胃疼，脸色变得苍白。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 Tom didn’t go to school yesterday because he had ________ stomachache . A．the B．a C．an D．/ 5. shall /ʃæl/ v.要不要......? [词汇用法] · shall用于疑问句，与第一人称I和we连用，表示主动提供帮助、建议或征求意见，意为“要不要......?”或“......好吗?”。 What shall I wear to the party?我穿什么衣服去参加聚会呢？ · shall与第一人称I和we连用,还可以表示将来,意为“将要，将会”。 This time next week I shall be in Scotland.下周这个时候我就在苏格兰了。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 —________ we go fishing tomorrow afternoon? —Sounds great, but I’ll ask my mother first. A．Do B．Does C．Shall D．Are 6. either /ˈaiðə/ pron.(两者中的)任何一个 [词汇拓展] any(三者或以上中的)任何一个；neither(pron.)两个都不 [词汇搭配] either... or... 要么...要么...，或者...或者...；Me either. 我也不。 [词汇例句] Here are two model planes. You can take either. 这有两个飞机模型。你可以拿任何一个。 [词汇用法] · 可以使用“either+单数名词”结构，作主语时，其后用单数动词。 Either explanation is possible. 任何一种解释都是可能的。 · either...or...结构表示“要么...要么...，或者...或者...”。当与两个单数名词连用作主语时，谓语动词可用单数或复数；用复数动词较非正式。 You can either play soccer or watch TV. 你要么踢足球，要么看电视。 Either you or your sister has/have to stay at home. 要么你，要么你妹妹必须待在家里。 · 可以使用“either of+复数名词/复数单词”结构，在正式情况中，作主语时，其后用单数动词；非正式场合，也可用复数动词。 Either of the two toys is/are cheap. 这两个玩具每个都很便宜。 [词汇辨析] also / too / either · also通常置于实义动词之前或be动词，情态动词之后，also通常不置于句末。 I buy some apples, and I also buy some strawberries. 我买了一些苹果，我也买了一些草莓。 · too表示“也”，用于肯定句末，其前可加逗号，也可以没有逗号。too还可以表示“太...” ‘I’m going home now.’ ‘I’ll come too.’ “现在我要回家了。”“我也一起走。” He eat too much ice-cream. 他吃了太多的冰激凌。 · either表示“也”，用于否定句末，其前必须有逗号隔开。 He doesn’t have a dictionary. I don’t have one, either. 他没有词典。我也没有。 [随学随练] 单项选择。 (1) —We don’t have ________ rules at home. What about you, Lily? —I don’t, ________. A．much; too B．much; either C．many; too D．many; either (2) —Dad, I think _______ you ________ my mother cleans my room. It is so clean now. —________ of us did it. Your sister did it A．either, or, neither B．neither, nor, either C．both, and, both 7. choice /tʃɔɪs/ n.选择；选择权 [词汇拓展] choose (v.)选择 [词汇搭配] make a choice 做出选择；have no choice but to do...别无选择只能做... a good choice to do...做某事的一个好的选择 [词汇例句] We are faced with a difficult choice. 我们面临着困难的抉择。 8. neither /ˈnaiðə(r)/ pron.两者都不(的)两者中无一(的) [词汇拓展] none(pron.)三者及三者以上都不；both(pron.)两者都；all(pron.)三者及三者以上都 [词汇搭配] neither... nor... 既不...也不...；Me neither. 我也不。 [词汇用法] · 可以使用“neither+单数名词”结构，作主语时，其后用单数动词。 Neither answer is right. 两个答案都不对。 · 可以使用“neither of+复数名词/复数单词”结构，在正式情况中，作主语时，其后用单数动词；非正式场合，也可用复数动词。 Neither of the answers is/are right.两个答案都不对。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 —Do you want to go to the zoo or the park this weekend? —________. I just want to stay at home and rest. But if I have to choose one, I can go to ________ of them. A．Either; neither B．Neither; either C．Both; neither D．Neither; both 9. cheer/tʃiə /v. (为......)欢呼，喝彩;(为......)加油 n. 欢呼声，喝彩声 [词汇拓展] cheerful(adj.)高兴的；令人愉快的；cheering(adj.)振奋人心的(n.)欢呼 [词汇搭配] cheer on（赛跑、比赛等中）以喝彩声鼓励，为（某人）加油 cheer up (使)变得更高兴，振奋起来 [词汇例句] We all cheered as the team came on to the field.球队入场时我们都为之欢呼。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 — John looks sad because he didn’t get his dream job. — Let’s go and ________. A．cheer up him B．turn him down C．cheer him up D．call him up 10. cross/krɒs/v.穿过，越过，跑过(终点线、小径等) n.叉字形记号，十字形记号 adj.恼怒的；十分愤怒的 [词汇拓展] crossing (n.) 十字路口；across(prep.)在...对面；横过；crossly(adv.)生气地 [词汇搭配] cross the finishing line 越过终点线；cross the street 过马路；cross his arms 交叉双臂 cross out删掉，划掉(字句) [词汇例句] They crossed the finishing line together. 他们同时越过终点线。。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Don’t go　　　　the grass.And you can　　　　the road. A．cross;across B．across;cross C．across;across D．cross;cross 11. dream/driːm/n.梦想，愿望，理想;梦 [词汇拓展] <过去式>dreamed/dreamt；daydream(n.)白日梦；幻想(v.)做白日梦，幻想 [词汇搭配] dream of/about 梦想，想象；Sweet dreams.祝你做个好梦；a dream house梦想的房子 a dream come true梦想成真；go/work like a dream性能极佳；十分有效 realize/achieve one’s dream(s)实现某人的梦想 [词汇例句] Jenny dreamed that she was on a boat. 杰妮见她在一艘船上。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 We Chinese are working together to make our China Dream ________. A．come out B．come true C．come in D．come on 12. record /ˈrekɔːd/ n.记录，记载 /rɪˈkɔːd/ v.记录；唱片；（体育运动或活动的）纪录，最好成绩；/ˈrekɔːd/ n.记录；录制，录（音） [词汇拓展] recording(n.) 记录，记载；录制的音像，录音；recorder(n.)录音机；记录装置 [词汇搭配] keep a record of记录...；play a record 播放唱片；set a new record 刷新纪录 [词汇例句] You should keep a record of your expenses. 你应该记下你的各项开支。 13. none/nʌn/ pron.全无，没有一点 [词汇搭配] none but仅仅；只有 [词汇用法] · 可以使用“none+不可数名词”结构，作主语时，其后用单数动词。 None of the work was done. 那些工作全都未干。 · 可以使用“none of+复数名词/复数单词/单数集合名词”结构，在正式情况中，作主语时，其后用单数动词；非正式场合，也可用复数动词。 None of these pens works/work. 这些钢笔没有一支能用。 · none表示三者及以上都不；neither表示两者都不。 I have two toy cars, but neither is blue.我有两辆玩具车，但没有一个是蓝色的。 Lucy has got three brothers. None of them is/are a doctor. 露西有三个兄弟。没有一个是医生。 · none还可以表示“零”的数字概念，可用于回答How many等的提问。 —How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生？ —None. They are all on the playground. 一个都没有。它们都在操场上。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —How many films did you watch last month? —________. I didn’t have time. I was busy with my final exam. A．None B．No one C．Something D．Nothing (2) According to the school rules, ________ of the students must wear red scarves. ________ of us can break it. A．both; Neither B．neither; Both C．all; None D．none; All 14. finish /'fɪnɪʃ/v. 完成，做完；结束；吃完，喝光；获得名次 [词汇搭配] finishing line终止线；finish the race完成比赛；finish doing 完成做某事 finish with sb.与某人断绝关系；finish (up) with sth 最后得到；以…结束 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中finish的中文意思。 (1) Kelly finished off his coffee. (2) Be quiet! He hasn't finished speaking. (3) Dandy finished second in the race. (4) The teaching day finishes at around 4pm. 15. encourage /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ v.鼓励；激励 [词汇拓展] encouragement (n.)鼓励，激励；encouraging(adj.)令人鼓舞的，振奋人心的 [词汇搭配] encourage sb. to do 鼓励某人做某事 [词汇例句] The teacher encouraged me to try new ways. 老师鼓励我尝试新的方式。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 My father encouraged me ________ part in more activities. A．take B．took C．to take D．taking 16. both/bəʊθ/pron.两者，双方 [词汇搭配] both...and... 不仅…而且…；…和…都 [词汇例句] Both women are French. 两名妇女都是法国人。 Both his mother and his father will be there.他父母二人都要去那里。 [词汇用法] · both与复数名词连用，表示“两个都”，可以用于“both (+the)+复数名词”(the可加可不加)，“both of+the+复数名词”，“both of+代词”，“they both”结构。当这些结构作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。 Both (the) boys are in Class Four. 两个男孩都是4班的。 Both of the boys are in Class Four. 两个男孩都是4班的。 I talked to the boys. Both of them are in Class Four. 我和孩子们交谈了。两个男孩都是4班的。 · “both...and...”连接两个同等的成分，可以连接名词，代词，形容词，动词等。 Both my mun and my aunt are doctors. 我妈妈和我爸爸都是医生。(连接两个名词) He is both clever and hard-working. 他即聪明又勤奋。(连接两个形容词) Sally both speaks and writes English. 萨利不但会说英语还会写英语。 17. attack/əˈtæk/v.袭击，殴打；破坏；侵袭，损害 n.袭击；（尤指常发疾病的）发作，侵袭 [词汇拓展] attacker(n.)袭击者；攻击者 [词汇搭配] make an attack发起攻击；under attack受到攻击；heart attack心脏病发作 [词汇例句] The man attacked him with a knife. 那个男人持刀向他行凶。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 If a bear is ___________, it __________ people. A．in danger; attack B．dangerous; attacks C．in danger; will attack D．dangerous; will attack 18. lose /luːz/ v.失去；输掉；浪费（时间），错过（机会） [词汇拓展] <过去式> lost；<动词-ing>losing ；loss(n.)丢失；丧失；lost(adj.)丢失的，失去的；迷路的 [词汇搭配] lose sth. 丢失某物；lose a game输掉比赛；lose oneself in...沉迷于，专心致志于 be/get lost迷路；丢失 [随学随练] 用lose的相关表达造句。 (1) 上周，三班输掉了篮球赛。 (2) Lucy丢失了她的手表。 (3) 我们浪费很多时间。 (4) 妈妈刚刚沉浸于那张老照片之中。 (5) 孩子们在森林里迷路了。 19. compare /kəm'peə(r)/ v. 相比较;可媲美 [词汇拓展] comparison(n.)比较，对比；comparative(adj.)比较的；比较而言的 [词汇搭配] compare...and/with...将...同...作比较；compare...to...把...比作... without compare无与伦比，举世无双 [词汇例句] We compared the two reports carefully. 我们仔细地比较了两个报告。 The writer compares the sky to a library.作者把天空比做成一个图书馆。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 Compare your answers ________ those at the back of the book to see if they are right. A．with B．for C．to D．by 20. wave/weiv/n.浪潮；海浪，波浪；挥手 v.挥手；挥舞；飘扬，摇晃 [词汇拓展] <过去式>waved；<动词-ing>waving [词汇搭配] wave sb. off挥手送别；wave goodbye to sb.挥手告别某人 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中wave的中文意思。 (1) He gave us a wave as the bus drove off. (2) The wind made little waves on the pond. (3) A wave of fear swept over him. (4) The flag waved in the breeze. (5) My mother was crying as I waved her goodbye. 3、 重难句型解析 1. However, 86-year-old Zhang Shun was still about 100 metres from the finishing line.然而,86岁的张顺距离终点线还有约100米。 (1) however表示“然而”，是副词，用于句首或句中，通常有逗号隔开。与but用法不同，but用作连词，连接两个句子构成并列句。 He was ill. However, he went to school on time. 他生病了。但是他准时去上学了。 (2) 86-year-old意为“86岁的”,是复合形容词，只能位于名词前作定语。像8 years old这样的“数词+复数名词+形容词”结构用作表语。 Lucy is just an 8-year-old girl. 露西只是个8岁的小女孩。 The rope is 5 meters long. 这根绳子长5米。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 Don’t shout at him. He is only ________ boy. A．a 8-year-old B．an 8-year-old C．a 8 years old D．an 8 years old 2. People watched him move slowly. 人们注视着他慢慢移动。 In 1989,I saw Beijing Marathon runners go past my home.在1989年,我看到北京马拉松选手跑过我家。 第一句和第二句中的谓语动词分别是watched和saw，move和go均是不带to的不定式结构作宾语补足语。watch,see,hear,notice等感官动词后常跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，表示强调动作的整个过程或曾经发生过。若强调动作正在进行，则接doing作宾语补足语。 I always see her run on the playground. 我经常看见她在操场上跑步。 I saw some boys playing soccer when I passed by the playground.当我经过操场时，我看见一些男孩子们在踢足球。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) I heard my mother ________ that strong roots make strong plants yesterday. A．say B．to say C．said D．saying (2) We saw the old man ________ slowly across the street just now. A．walk B．to walk C．walked D．walking 3. This made him fall behind. 这使他落后了。 此句中谓语动词是made，fall 是不带to的不定式结构作宾语补足语使役动词make，let，have等后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。 David always makes us laugh. 大卫总是让我们笑。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 The boss made the workers ________ 12 hours a day in the old days. A．work B．to work C．working D．worked 4. With people cheering, he finally crossed the finishing line! 在人们的欢呼中，他终于冲过了终点线！ 句中的With people cheering是“with+宾语+doing”构成的复合结构，其中宾语时doing动作的发出者，表示主动或正在进行的动作。 With the guide leading the way, we found the cave easily.有向导带路，我们很容易地找到了洞穴。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 With winter________on, it’s time to buy warm clothes. A．came B．comes C．come D．coming 5. Zhang Shun was the oldest and the slowest runner to finish the 2022Beijing Marathon.张顺是完成2022年北京马拉松比赛中年龄最大、跑得最慢的选手。 (1) 本句中的oldest和slowest分别是形容词old和slow的最高级形式，用于三者或三者以上进行比较时，形容词的最高级前一般加定冠词the。 Lily is the tallest girl in her class. 莉莉是班上最高的女孩。 (2) to finish是不定式结构作后置定语修饰前面的the oldest and the slowest runner。当名词前有最高级，序数词，表唯一性的词修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。 He is the best person to do this job. 他是做这份工作的最佳人选。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) Mike is a new student in our class and I’m the first ________ friends with him. A．make B．to make C．making D．made (2) I think the park near my home is the best place ________ fun on the weekend. A．have B．having C．to have D．had 6. If possible, I will keep running.如果可能19的话，我会一直跑下去。 (1) if possible是if it is possible的省略形式。在条件状语从句中，主从句主语一致，或从句主谓部分为it is，状语从句可以省略。 If (it is) possible, I will go to Beijing for further study. 如果有可能的话，我将去北京深造学习。 (2) 在含条件状语从句的主从复合句中，若主句是祈使句、主句谓语含有情态动词或主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，即“主将从现”。 You will feel better if you take the medicine. 如果你吃这些药，你会感觉好一点。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 If you are friendly to people in the future, you ________ a lot more back. A．get B．got C．will get D．are getting 4、 基础知识综合练习 1. 根据提示填写正确形式的单词，每空一词。 (1) Shall we go to the hospital right now when having a _________ (肚子痛)? (2) —Would you like green tea or black tea? —________ (两者都不), thanks. Just a cup of water, please. (3) All of the students ________ (欢呼) with joy when they heard the good news. (4) After winning the competition, the girl became more ________ (自信的) in her abilities. (5) Career talks can help us make good ________ (选择) for our future jobs. (6) When will you ________ (结束；完成) your homework? (7) Learning should be a ________ (终身的) journey. (8) Don’t be afraid to ________(失去); sometimes losing is also a kind of growth. (9) A group of wild dogs tried to ________ (袭击) the sheep, but the farmer chased them away. (10) Our English teacher often ________ (鼓励) us to practice writing. (11) His ________ (梦想) is to become a doctor and help sick people. (12) I kept a detailed ________ of every interesting story I heard.(记录) (13) Before you ________ (越过) the road, you must look at the traffic lights (红绿灯). (14) ________ (两者都) Tony and Jack are in the school band. (15) —Why don’t you like __________ (鲨鱼), Sam? —Because they’re really scary. (16) I am a special girl. Don’t ________ (相比较) me with others. (17) I like lying on the sand, listening to the sounds of the ________ (海浪) breaking on the shore. (18) When you’re nervous, you can ________ ________ ________ (屏住呼吸)first. (19) He was the first to cross the ________ ________(终点线). (20) We need to buy many things for the trip. ________ ________ ________ ________(最后但同等重要的), don’t forget to bring some snacks. 2. 用所给词的正确形式填空或者填上合适的词使句意完整。 (1) I often wake up in the early morning and go out to _________ (breath) fresh air. (2) Exercises like walking or running not only give you energy but also build ________ (confident). (3) Jenny ________ (choice) to be a pilot and she studies hard for her ________ (choice). (4) Tom lost his bike yesterday. Let’s go to cheer him ___________. (5) Many people dream ________ living a peaceful life in the countryside. (6) The students have finished ________ (clean) their classroom. (7) My teacher often encourages us ________ (take) part in more after-school volunteer activities. (8) She ________ (lose) her way in the forest last week. (9) As parents, we shouldn’t compare our children ________ other children. (10) The teacher watched the students ________ (discuss) in groups at that moment. (11) Spring makes people ______ (feel) relaxed and happy. (12) A group of tourists got together to sing and dance, with the tour guide ________ (play) the flute. (13) Spring is the best time ________ (visit) Suzhou. (14) Tom, please fill the glass ________ milk. (15) —How do you keep healthy? —I try ________ (exercise) for 30 minutes every morning. (16) I have a plan ________ (improve) my English by practising speaking it every day. (17) His dream is ________ (join) a swimming race. (18) He promised that he would give up ________ (smoke). (19) My father gets some exercise every day _________ (keep) fit. (20) Tom’s dream was to become a ________ (surf). 3. 单项填空。 (1) The old man always sits there quietly watching the children ________. A．to play B．plays C．play D．played (2) The twin brothers are good at football and ______ of them have a talent (天赋) for sports. A．each B．either C．both D．all (3) —Why do people love the Steel Roses? —________ their courage and hard work. A．Because B．Because of C．As D．Since (4) —Let’s ________ these two leaves! Can you tell the differences? —Their shapes look the same, but their sizes are a little different. A．compare B．create C．explain D．change (5) —Do you often read books? —Yes. My parents always ________ me to do more reading in my free time and I love it. A．send B．introduce C．teach D．encourage (6) —Why not ________ what you use your money for? —Good idea! Then I can know where my money goes. A．record B．result C．receive D．regret (7) You had to make a ________ between the two answers. A．chance B．choice C．game D．pity (8) —Can we walk ________ the street now? —No, we can’t. We must ________ the street when the light turns green. A．across; cross B．cross; across C．through; across D．across; across (9) My father kept ________, and finally reached his goal. A．working hard B．to work hard C．working hardly D．to work hardly (10) The school encouraged Liu Xiang ________ for the high jump. A．train B．trains C．trained D．to train (11) —I’m not in the Basketball Club again. —Cheer up. More ________ are waiting for you. A．choices B．scientists C．shows D．colleges (12) —I dream of being a scientist like Qian Qihu. —Work hard and never ________. I’m sure you will achieve it one day. A．give up B．cheer up C．hurry up D．wake up 5、 技能提升综合练习 1. 语法填空。 Zibo is called “the home of soccer balls”. It’s the birthplace of the ancient (古老的) Chinese sport of cuju. In 2004, cuju (1) (win) the recognition (认可) of FIFA—soccer’s governing body (管理机构)—as the earliest form of soccer. Li Weipeng, from Linzi district of Zibo city, is (2) seventh-generation inheritor (传承人) of cuju. He has practices cuju skills (3) eighteen years. It is not easy (4) (get) good at different cuju skills. “At the beginning, I spent eight hours a day practicing juggling (颠) a ball. It was tiring, (5) I didn’t give up.” Li told China Daily. Hard work is the key to success. He now can juggle a ball with his foot over 10,000 times (6) (easy) in a row. The traditional Chinese sport cuju is now popular at primary and middle schools in Linzi and (7) (it) moves (动作) have become dances and morning exercises. Li is one of the (8) (teacher) to teach students cuju moves. “Students show great interest in (9) (play) cuju. It (10) (encourage) me to promote (推广) the ancient sport,” Li told China Daily. 2. 阅读理解 A Sports are an important part of many people’s lives. They not only keep us healthy but also teach us valuable lessons about life. One of the most important lessons is the spirit of perseverance (坚持不懈).    Michael is a young boy who loves running. He dreams of becoming a famous runner. However, Michael was born with a weak leg. It is difficult for him to run as fast as other children. But Michael never gives up. He practices running every day after school. He runs slowly at first, but he keeps on running. Sometimes he feels tired and wants to stop, but he always tells himself, “I can do it.” One day, there was a running competition in Michael’s school. All the students wanted to take part in it. Michael also decided to join the competition. His friends and family were worried about him. They thought he couldn’t finish the race. But Michael was determined (坚定的). On the day of the competition, Michael ran as fast as he could. He fell down twice, but he got up quickly and continued running. Finally, he crossed the finish line. Although he didn’t win the first prize, everyone cheered for him. They were all moved by his perseverance. Michael’s story tells us that no matter how difficult things are, we should never give up. As long as we keep trying, we can achieve our dreams. The spirit of perseverance is very important in our lives. It helps us overcome difficulties and become stronger. (1) What is Michael’s dream? A．To become a famous runner. B．To become a doctor. C．To become a teacher. D．To become a writer. (2) Why is it difficult for Michael to run fast? A．Because he is too fat. B．Because he is too short. C．Because he was born with a weak leg. D．Because he doesn't like running. (3) What did Michael do every day after school? A．He played football. B．He practiced running. C．He did his homework. D．He watched TV. (4) What happened to Michael during the running competition? A．He gave up halfway. B．He won the first prize. C．He didn’t take part in the competition. D．He fell down twice but continued running. (5) What can we learn from Michael’s story? A．We should give up when things are difficult. B．The spirit of perseverance is very important. C．We don’t need to practice if we are talented. D．It's easy to achieve our dreams. B On March 1, 2025, Chinese runner Wu Yanni made history! She ran 60 meters hurdles (跨栏) in an amazing time of 8.01 seconds at a world race. Though she didn’t win the final, the 27-year-old girl broke China’s 11-year record (8.02 seconds). This fantastic run also made her No. 1 in Asia (亚洲). Wu never stops working hard. Between 2018 and 2025, she won five national 100m hurdles titles. That’s a lot! Just last season, she improved her time from 8.15 to 8.06 seconds. Running over hurdles needs great power, so getting faster by even 0.01 seconds faster is very difficult. To get better, Wu trained her body hard and made her starting speed faster. In the race, her start was the third fastest in the eight top runners. Now Wu sets her eyes on bigger goals. Her next is to break China’s record of 100m hurdles before trying for an Asian record. “I know it won’t be easy,” she said, “so I must keep improving my skills.” (1) What record did Wu Yanni break? A．The world record for 100m hurdles. B．The Asian record for 60m hurdles. C．China’s 60m hurdles record. D．Her last year’s hurdles record. (2) What does the underlined word “titles” in paragraph 2 mean? A．First places. B．Records. C．Jobs. D．Books. (3) How did Wu Yanni improve herself? A．By joining in difficult races. B．By relaxing her body. C．By talking to other runners. D．By doing more exercise. (4) What can we learn from Wu Yanni’s story? A．Be happy with what we have. B．Be famous as early as possible. C．Keep working hard for our dreams. D．Winners never make mistakes. 3. 任务型阅读 请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答问题。 Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner is a great mountain climber. She has climbed 14 of the world’s highest mountains. Most climbers need extra oxygen (额外的氧气) to reach the top of these mountains. However, Kaltenbrunner is the first woman to climb all 14 mountains without extra oxygen. At the age of 13, Kaltenbrunner climbed her first big mountain, Sturzhahn. She became a nurse, but always had a love for climbing. 32-year-old Kaltenbrunner climbed her fourth big mountain, Nanga Parbat in Pakistan, and later became a full-time mountain climber. In 2007, Kaltenbrunner met an avalanche (雪崩) when climbing Dhaulagiri in Nepal. She nearly died. When the avalanche stopped, it was very dark and she didn’t know where she was. She cut her tent (帐篷) with a small knife. Slowly, Kaltenbrunner got out of the snow. After the avalanche, Kaltenbrunner said, “I couldn’t stop climbing. This is my life.” She climbed the 14th mountain, K2 between Pakistan and China. Facing many problems, Kaltenbrunner still never thought of giving up. “If you really love something, you’ll find a way to do it,” she said. (1) How many of the highest mountains in the world has Kaltenbrunner climbed? (不超过10个词) (2) How old was Kaltenbrunner when she climbed her first big mountain? (不超过5个词) (3) On which mountain did she meet an avalanche? (不超过5个词) (4) What does Kaltenbrunner see climbing as? (不超过5个词) (5) What can you learn from Kaltenbrunner? 4. 完形填空 Liu Tao is a 14-year-old boy who loves running. He dreamed of joining the school running team for a long time. Last year, he finally got the (1) to try out. He trained hard every day after school, running 5 kilometers each time. His best friend, Li Ming, who was also a runner, often practiced with him and (2) him a lot. On the day of the tryout, Liu Tao felt (3) . He had prepared well and believed he could do well. The tryout was a 3-kilometer race. At first, Liu Tao ran fast and kept up with the leading group. But after 2 kilometers, he felt a sharp pain in his leg. He (4) down and almost fell. He thought, “Should I stop or keep running?” (5) choice was easy. If he stopped, he would lose the chance to join the team. If he kept running, the pain might get worse. Just then, he heard Li Ming’s voice: “Come on, Tao! You’re not alone. I’m with you!” Li Ming slowed down and ran beside him. “We trained so hard for this. Neither of us should give up now,” Li Ming said. With his friend’s (6) , Liu Tao found the courage to keep going. He ran slowly but steadily. The pain was still there, but he didn’t (7) heart. Finally, Liu Tao crossed the finishing line. He was not the first, but he finished the race. The coach was impressed by his (8) . “You have great perseverance,” the coach said. “Both you and Li Ming are welcome to join the team.” Liu Tao was so happy. He realized that running was not just about (9) . It was also about friendship and teamwork. From then on, Liu Tao and Li Ming trained even harder together. They encouraged each other and made progress every day. Liu Tao learned that (10) great achievements requires hard work, courage, and the support of friends. He also knew that as long as he never gave up, he could overcome any (11) . One day, the school held a running competition. Liu Tao and Li Ming were in the same group. During the race, Li Ming suddenly stumbled and fell. Liu Tao immediately stopped and helped him up. “Are you okay?” he asked. “I’m fine, but I can’t run anymore,” Li Ming said (12) . “Go on without me. You can win!” Liu Tao looked at his friend and then at the finishing line. He made a (13) . He decided to run with Li Ming. “Neither of us will finish first, but we’ll finish together,” Liu Tao said. They supported each other and walked slowly towards the finishing line. The crowd cheered loudly for them. Even though they didn’t win the race, they won the respect of everyone. This experience made Liu Tao understand the true meaning of sports. It’s not about being the best, but about being the (14) you can be. It’s about helping others and working together. Sports teach us valuable lessons that we can use in our daily lives. Liu Tao will always (15) this lesson. (1)A．chance B．time C．money D．advice (2)A．helped B．stopped C．troubled D．ignored (3)A．nervous B．confident C．sad D．angry (4)A．slowed B．put C．turned D．sat (5)A．Either B．Neither C．Both D．All (6)A．discouragement B．punishment C．encouragement D．competition (7)A．lose B．find C．keep D．take (8)A．speed B．strength C．courage D．wealth (9)A．winning B．losing C．running D．training (10)A．achieving B．dreaming C．planning D．changing (11)A．danger B．difficulty C．fear D．happiness (12)A．happily B．excitedly C．sadly D．angrily (13)A．mistake B．decision C．promise D．wish (14)A．best B．fastest C．strongest D．bravest (15)A．forget B．remember C．learn D．teach 第 1 页 共 20 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $