Unit 3 Period 2 Using language（分层作业）英语外研版必修第三册

Unit 3 Period 2 Using language分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1. 娱乐，消遣 ________ 2. 难处理的;难懂的 ________ 3. 速度，进度 ________ 4. 然而，不过 ________ 5. 非凡的，不寻常的 ________ 6. 合作，协作 ________ 7. 新颖的，创新的 ________ 8. 反差，对比 ________ 9. 笑了起来 ________ 10. (历史事件的)缤纷场 ________ 11. 仿效某人，继承某人 ________ 12. 使...开始 ________ 【答案】 【小题1】amusement 【小题2】complicated 【小题3】pace 【小题4】nevertheless 【小题5】extraordinary 【小题6】coopearation 【小题7】innovative 【小题8】by contrast 【小题9】crack a smile 【小题10】the pageant of 【小题11】follow in one's footsteps 【小题12】set…in motion 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. Don’t worry. I have _________ _________ (充分考虑，想透) all the possible results. 2. am has _________ _________ of (利用) the company’s training program to improve his communication skills. 3. Our heartfelt thanks go to all the volunteers who have _________ _________ _________ (为……做出贡献) the success of the sports meeting. 4. You have ________ ________ ________ (报名) so many courses and extra-curricular activities that you must be very busy.  5. Happily, he has told me all his plans and he’s _________ _________ _________ _________ (留下好印象) on me. 6. Many companies ________________ (遭受了有技能的员工的短缺) due to the COVID-19 since 2019. 【答案】 1. thought through 2. taken/made advantage/use 3. made contributions to 4. signed up for 5. made/left a good impression 6. have suffered from a shortage of skilled staff 三、单句语法填空。 1. Protecting ancient artifacts is of great __________(significant) because they help us understand history. 2. A person who ________ (donate) blood for years shall enjoy priority in clinical blood use. 3. Her latest novel, which explores complex themes of identity,________(bring) widespread criticism since its publication last month.  4. Many of these forgotten contacts are old friends that ________ (fade) from your life for no particular reason for some time. 5. So far, Olivia ________ (receive) over 8,000 pairs of donated socks. 6. According to Lu Wei, deputy editor-in-chief of Zhejiang Ancient Books Press, reading old books is becoming a ________ (significance) part of national reading culture.  7. Up to now, Gary ________ (publish) 60 articles on his blog. 【答案】 1. significance 2. has donated 3. has brought 4. have faded 5. has received 6. significant 7. has published 四、选词填空 as if；    dating back to；    in ruins；      No matter；      were injured by； play a role；  swept away；   depend on；   in the open air；   have trouble with      1. A big earthquake hit Tangshan in 1976 and the city was ________ in less than one minute. 2. The flood last week ________ the wooden bridge over the river, and now villagers are building a new one. 3. Whenever we ________ our studies, our teachers help us patiently. 4. The actor was invited to ________ in the TV play. 5. ________ how hard the task is, we will try our best to finish it on time. 6. We had a picnic ________ yesterday, enjoying the warm sunshine and fresh air. 7. The little girl looked at the stranger ________ she had seen him before, but I’m sure she didn’t know him. 8. Whether we can go hiking tomorrow will ________ the weather. If it rains, we’ll stay at home. 9. The ancient temple ________ the Tang Dynasty was destroyed due to the earthquake. 10. Several students ________ the falling rocks during the climbing, luckily, they were only slightly hurt. 【答案】 【小题1】in ruins 【小题2】swept away 【小题3】have trouble with 【小题4】play a role 【小题5】No matter 【小题6】in the open air 【小题7】as if 【小题8】depend on 【小题9】dating back to 【小题10】were injured by 五、语法填空 Conventional robots need to be plugged in or have their batteries replaced,     1     means they have to stop working for a certain period of time. However, a Chinese robotic company announced it has developed     2     advanced robot with a dual (双的) battery system for autonomous replacement,     3     (ensure) continuous operation. This simple yet ingenious feature which     4     (say) to be a first among bipedal (两腿行走的) robots is very popular in the world. In a recent video     5     (share), the robot showcases its battery swapping ability. When it detects that its batteries are running low     6     power, the robot automatically heads to a battery exchange station. Then it bends its arms and uses its palms to pull out one of the     7     (battery) at the back and store it on the top shelf, before replacing it with a fully charged one and getting back to work. The battery replacement process is simple and effective, takes only a few minutes to complete, and virtually     8     (ensure) that the robot can work     9     (continuous). The system is inspired by the swappable batteries of Chinese     10     (electricity) cars, which use modular batteries that can be swapped to save time. 【答案】 【小题1】which 【小题2】an 【小题3】ensuring 【小题4】issaid 【小题5】shared 【小题6】on 【小题7】batteries 【小题8】ensures 【小题9】continuously 【小题10】electric 六、阅读理解 The Amazon rainforest is often called the “lungs of the Earth” and credited with producing 20 percent of the world’s oxygen. But that’s a misleading claim. “There are a number of reasons why you keep the Amazon in place, but oxygen just isn’t any one of them,” remarks Earth systems scientist Michael Coe. To Coe, the claim doesn’t make any sense because there isn’t enough carbon dioxide in the atmosphere for trees to photosynthesize (光合作用). For carbon dioxide molecules (分子)trees pull out of the air, they push a comparable number of oxygen molecules back out. The atmosphere contains less than half a percent of carbon dioxide, and 21 percent of oxygen. It’s impossible for the Amazon to generate that much oxygen. Yadvinder Malhi, an ecosystem ecologist at Oxford University, estimates tropical forests are responsible for around 34 percent of photosynthesis occurring on land. Based on its size, the Amazon would account for about half of that, which means the Amazon generates around 17 percent of oxygen produced on land. The oxygen we breathe is the gift of plankton (浮游生物)in the ocean that have over billions of years steadily accumulated oxygen that made the atmosphere breathable. This oxygen could only accumulate because the plankton became trapped at the bottom of the ocean before they could rot. Otherwise, their breaking-up by other microbes would have used up that oxygen. However, the 20 percent claim has been making the rounds for decades. Malhi and Coe think it comes from the fact that the Amazon contributes around 20 percent of the oxygen produced by photosynthesis on land — which may have mistakenly slipped into public knowledge as “20 percent of the oxygen in the atmosphere.” Obviously, none of this is to say that the Amazon isn’t important. “It pulls tons of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere, which cools the planet,” notes climate scientist Carlos Nobre, “The Amazon is also the most bio-diverse ecosystem on land and one of nature’s most powerful tools for easing climate change, playing an important role in stabilizing rainfall cycles in South America.” For its importance to the world, the Amazon might as well be a pair of “lungs”. 1. What is a widespread misunderstanding of the Amazon? A．It features rich biodiversity. B．It eases climate change effectively. C．It produces 20% of Earth’s oxygen. D．It breathes in oxygen like human lungs. 2. Why does Michael Coe doubt the claim? A．Oxygen is mainly from plankton. B．CO2 is too little for photosynthesis. C．The Amazon is not large enough. D．The Amazon generates little oxygen. 3. Why do ocean plankton contribute most to the breathable atmosphere? A．They absorb more CO2. B．They spread across vast ocean regions. C．They photosynthesize faster. D．They build up oxygen over long periods. 4. What can we infer from Carlos Nobre’s words in the last paragraph? A．He denies the claim on the Amazon. B．He underestimates the Amazon’s function. C．He stresses the Amazon’s ecological value. D．He confirms the Amazon’s role in carbon reduction. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4.C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要澄清亚马逊雨林产生全球20%氧气的误解，同时阐述其真正重要的生态价值。 【小题1】细节理解题。根据第一段中的" The Amazon rainforest is often called the “lungs of the Earth” and credited with producing 20 percent of the world’s oxygen. But that’s a misleading claim.（亚马逊雨林常被称为“地球之肺”，并被认为产生了全球20%的氧气。但这是一个具有误导性的说法）”可知，关于亚马逊雨林，一个普遍的误解是它产生了全球20％的氧气。故选C项。 【小题2】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To Coe, the claim doesn’t make any sense because there isn’t enough carbon dioxide in the atmosphere for trees to photosynthesize（光合作用）.（在科看来，这种说法毫无意义，因为大气中没有足够的二氧化碳供树木进行光合作用）”可知，迈克尔科质疑这一说法的原因是大气中二氧化碳含量太少，不足以支撑树木通过光合作用产生大量氧气。故选B项。 【小题3】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The oxygen we breathe is the gift of plankton (浮游生物)in the ocean that have over billions of years steadily accumulated oxygen that made the atmosphere breathable.（我们呼吸的氧气是海洋中浮游生物的馈赠，它们在数十亿年 的时间里稳步积累氧气，使大气变得适合呼吸）”可知，海洋浮游生物对可呼吸大气贡献最大的原因是它们在漫长的时间里持续积累氧气。故选D项。 【小题4】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Obviously, none of this is to say that the Amazon isn’t important. “It pulls tons of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere, which cools the planet,” notes climate scientist Carlos Nobre, “The Amazon is also the most bio-diverse ecosystem on land and one of nature’s most powerful tools for easing climate change, playing an important role in stabilizing rainfall cycles in South America.”（显然，这并不是说亚马逊不重要。气候科学家卡洛斯：诺布雷指出：“它从大气中吸收大量二氧 化碳，从而冷却地球。亚马逊也是陆地上生物多样性最丰富的生态系统，是自然界缓解气候变化最有力的工具之一，在稳定南美洲的降雨周期方面发挥着重要作用。”）”可推断，卡洛斯诺布雷的话强调了亚马逊雨林重要的生态价值。故选C项。 七、七选五 Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental health issues in the US, affecting about one in five people.     1     For years, scientists have been confused about how anxiety begins and is controlled within the brain. A new study from the University of Utah has cast light on this mystery. Previously, researchers had a different idea about which brain cells control anxiety.     2     However, a new study challenges this view. It found that the key cells aren’t neurons (神经元) that usually responsible for long-distance electrical signals. Instead, specific immune cells called microglia are the key players. To figure out how microglia work, the team divided it into two subsets (子集) — non-Hoxb8 microglia and Hoxb8 microglia, and designed a special experiment.     3     They chose mice that had no microglia at all and transplanted either one or two subsets. The results revealed two opposite roles. On the one hand, non-Hoxb8 microglia acts like an “accelerator” (催化剂) for anxiety.     4     On the other hand, the other subset, Hoxb8 microglia, acts as a “brake” to reduce anxiety. Mice that received only Hoxb8 microglia stayed calm. Importantly, when both subsets were transplanted together, the “brake” balanced the “accelerator,” keeping the mice’s anxiety at a normal level.     5     Humans also have the two subsets. Currently, most drugs target neurons, but future therapies may focus on adjusting these immune cells. A．This discovery could reshape anxiety treatment. B．Though common, its brain processes are still unclear. C．It made the mice highly anxious when transplanted alone. D．Specifically, they did microglia transplants on special mice. E．Neurons were long believed to be in charge of anxiety responses. F．They once thought all microglia had the same function in anxiety. G．This experiment shows how these microglia subsets work together to balance anxiety. 【答案】1．B 2．E 3．D 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章关于焦虑症的大脑机制研究，重点介绍微胶质细胞的作用。 【小题1】上文“Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental health issues in the US, affecting about one in five people. （焦虑症是美国最常见的心理健康问题之一，约五分之一的人受其影响。）”点明了焦虑症的普遍性，下文“or years, scientists have been confused about how anxiety begins and is controlled within the brain.（多年来，科学家们一直对焦虑症在大脑中如何产生和被控制感到困 惑。）”指出科学家对焦虑症的大脑作用机制尚不明确。选项B“尽管很常见，但其大脑作用过程仍不清楚”，前半句承接上文焦虑症的普遍性， 后半句引出下文科学家对其大脑机制的困惑。故选B。 【小题2】上文“Previously, researchers had a different idea about which brain cells control anxiety.（此前，研究人员对于哪些脑细胞控 制焦虑有着不同的看法。）”点明研究人员此前对控制焦虑的脑细胞有不同认知，下文“However, a new study challenges this view. It found that the key cells aren’t neurons (神经元) that usually responsible for long-distance electrical signals.（然而，一项新研究挑战了这一观 点。研究发现，关键细胞并非通常负责远距离电信号的神经元。）”通过转折指出新研究发现控制焦虑的关键细胞不是神经元，且"this view”指代前文研究人员的原有看法。选项E“长期以来，人们认为神经元负责焦虑反应“是前文研究人员的原有观点，也是后文新研究所挑战的内容。故选E。 【小题3】上文" To figure out how microglia work, the team divided it into two subsets (子集) — non-Hoxb8 microglia and Hoxb8 microglia, and designed a special experiment.（为了弄清楚小胶质细胞的工作原理，研究小组将其分为两个子集——非Hoxb8小胶质细胞和 Hoxb8小胶质细胞，并设计了一个特殊实验。）”指出研究小组为研究小胶质细胞设计了特殊实验，下文"They chose mice that had no microglia at all and transplanted either one or two subsets.（他们选择了完全没有小胶质细胞的小鼠，并为其移植了其中一种或两种小胶质 细胞子集。）”具体介绍了实验的操作步骤。选项D“具体来说，他们在特小鼠身上进行了小胶质细胞移植实验”，承接上文的“设计特殊实验"，同时引出下文具体的实验操作。故选D。 【小题4】上文" The results revealed two opposite roles. On the one hand, non-Hoxb8 microglia acts like an “accelerator” (催化剂) for anxiety.（实验结果揭示了两种相反的作用。一方面，非Hoxb8小胶质细胞充当焦虑的“催化剂”。）”指出非Hoxb8小胶质细胞会促进焦 虑，下文“On the other hand, the other subset, Hoxb8 microglia, acts as a “brake” to reduce anxiety.（另一方面，另一个子集Hoxb8 小胶质细胞充当减缓焦虑的“刹车器”。）”介绍了另一种小胶质细胞的相反作用。选项C“当单独移植时，它会让小鼠变得极度焦虑〞，承接上 文非Hoxb8小胶质细胞作为焦虑“催化剂”的观点，用具体的实验结果印证其促进焦虑的作用，同时与下文Hoxb8小胶质细胞的作用形成对比。故选C。 【小题5】上文详细介绍了关于小胶质细胞两个子集调控焦虑的实验结果，指出二者共同作用能将焦虑维持在正常水平，下文“Humans also have the two subsets. Currently, most drugs target neurons, but future therapies may focus on adjusting these immune cells. (人类也拥有拥有这两个子集。目前，大多数药物以神经元为靶点，但未来的治疗方法可能会侧重于调节这些免疫细胞。）”指出该研究结果在人类身上的适 用性，并预示了其对未来焦虑症治疗的影响。选项A“这一发现可能会重塑焦虑症的治疗方式”，承接上文的实验研究成果，同时引出下文该发现对人类焦虑症治疗的潜在意义，起到总结实验价值、引出后续应用的作用。故选A。 八、完形填空 On September 10, 2025, NASA revealed what may be the most compelling evidence of past Martian life to date. The Perseverance rover discovered a rock nicknamed “Cheyava Falls” while exploring a (n) ____1_____ riverbed that once flowed into a lake billions of years ago. This specific sample is significant because it has unique physical markings that scientists have ____2_____ to explain through non-biological processes alone. The most striking features of the rock are its “poppy seeds” and “leopard spots.” These are tiny dark dots and larger light-colored splotches surrounded by dark rims. On Earth, these types of ____3_____ are frequently created by microbial activity in sedimentary rocks. Long before Perseverance even launched, researchers predicted that if life had ever existed on the Red Planet, it might leave behind ____4_____ these kinds of distinct, easily ____5_____ chemical signatures in the Martian terrain. The presence of these spots likely points to a process of biological ____6_____. To survive, microbes can harvest energy by transferring electrons from organic compounds to minerals like iron. In Cheyava Falls, the dark rims and “poppy seeds” are ____7_____ vivianite, a mineral that forms when iron receives these electrons. Furthermore, the pale centers of the spots contain greigite, suggesting that after exhausting the available iron, microbes may have switched to consuming sulfate. This logical chain of two different energy-harvesting reactions strongly ____8_____ how microbial colonies operate in similar environments on our own planet. ____9_____ NASA has considered non-biological explanations, such as volcanic activity or high-temperature chemical reactions, none of them perfectly fit the evidence. For instance, the specific reactions needed to create these minerals without life typically require temperatures exceeding 150℃, yet there is no evidence the rock was ever that hot. Additionally, minerals _____10_____ by groundwater or nearby volcanoes would likely result in messy splotches rather than the ____11______ spots observed by the rover’s high-resolution cameras. Despite this excitement, scientists remain _____12_____ because a definitive “slam dunk” requires more advanced tools than a rover can carry. The final answer ____13______ the Mars Sample Return mission, a joint project between NASA and the European Space Agency designed to bring these specific tubes back to Earth. Although budget ____14______ place the timeline in doubt, Cheyava Falls remains the most “_____15_____” prize in the history of space exploration. 1.A．giant B．ancient C．mysterious D．remote 2.A．failed B．managed C．struggled D．hesitated 3.A．materials B．patterns C．colors D．landscapes 4.A．nearly B．roughly C．perhaps D．exactly 5.A．identifiable B．visible C．memorable D．adaptable 6.A．construction B．evolution C．circulation D．digestion 7.A．named after B．composed of C．centered on D．attracted to 8.A．reflects B．copies C．mirrors D．simplifies 9.A．While B．As C．Since D．If 10.A．created B．heated C．processed D．introduced 11.A．chaotic B．regulated C．organized D．colorful 12.A．pessimistic B．cautious C．disappointed D．calm 13.A．comes from B．lies in C．points to D．focuses on 14.A．cuts B．grants C．applications D．extensions 15.A．revolutionaryB．innovative C．valuable D．promising 【答案】 【小题1】B 【小题2】A 【小题3】B 【小题4】D 【小题5】A 【小题6】D 【小题7】B 【小题8】C 【小题9】A 【小题10】A 【小题11】C 【小题12】B 【小题13】B 【小题14】A 【小题15】D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍2025年9月10日NASA公布“毅力号”在火星发现可能证明火星曾有生命的岩石样本及相关研究分析。 【小题1】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“毅力号”探测器在探索一条数十亿年前曾流入湖泊的古老河床时，发现了一块绰号为“Cheyava Falls”的岩石。A.giant巨大的；B.ancient古老的；C.mysterious神秘的；D.remote遥远的。根据原文“that once flowed into a lake billions of years ago”可知，这条河床存在于数十亿年前，所以应是古老的，故选B。 【小题2】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个特定的样本意义重大，因为它有独特的物理标记，科学家们仅通过非生物过程无法解释。A.failed失 败；B.managed设法；C.struggled挣扎；D.hesitated犹豫。从文中“This specific sample is significant because it has unique physical markings”可知，这些独特标记仅靠非生物过程难以解释，即科学家在仅用非生物过程解释方面失败了，故选A项。 【小题3】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在地球上，这类图案经常是由沉积岩中的微生物活动形成的。A.materials材料；B.patterns图案；C. colors颜色；D.landscapes风景。上文提到岩石上“poppyseeds”（罂粟籽，指小点）和“leopardspots”（豹斑，指大斑点）这些特征，所以这里指这类图案，答案B。 【小题4】考查副词词义辨析。句意：早在“毅力号”发射之前，研究人员就预测，如果这颗红色星球上曾经存在过生命，它可能会在火星地形 中留下恰恰是这类独特的、容易识别的化学特征。A.nearly几乎；B.roughly粗略地；C.perhaps也许；D.exactly恰恰，确切地。结合语境，研究人员预测生命留下的就是这类化学特征，exactly强调正是、恰恰，符合语境，答案选D。 【小题5】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：早在“毅力号”发射之前，研究人员就预测，如果这颗红色星球上曾经存在过生命，它可能会在火星地 形中留下恰恰是这类独特的、容易识别的化学特征。A.identifiable可识别的；B.visible可见的；C.memorable难忘的；D.adaptable可适应的。根据后文“chemical signatures in the Martian terrain”可知，这里强调这种化学特征是容易被识别出来的。故选A。 【小题6】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些斑点的存在很可能指向一个生物消化过程。A.construction建设；B.evolution进化；C.circulation 循环；D.digestion消化。根据后文" To survive, microbes can harvest energy by transferring electrons from organic compounds to minerals like iron."可知，微生物通过从有机化合物向铁等矿物质转移电子来获取能量，这属于生物消化获取能量的过程，故选D。 【小题7】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在CheyavaFalls岩石中，黑点边缘和“罂粟籽”是由蓝铁矿组成，当铁接收这些电子时就会形成这种矿 物。A.namedafter以⋯命名；B.composedof由.组成；C.centeredon以.中心；D.attractedto被⋯吸引。根据后文"vivianite，amineral”可知，此句描述黑点边缘和“罂粟籽”的构成，是由蓝铁矿组成，答案为B。 【小题8】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一关于两种不同能量获取反应的逻辑链条，强烈反映了在我们地球上类似环境中微生物群落的运作方 式。A.reflects反映、反思；B.copies复制；C.mirrors反映，像镜子一样映照；D.simplifies简化。根据后文" how microbial colonies operate in similar environments on our own planet.可知，这里指火星上微生物能量获取反应链条和地球上类似环境中微生物群落运作方式相似，mirrors更形象地表达出二者相似如同映照一般，答案选C。 【小题9】考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然美国国家航空航天局已经考虑了非生物的解释，如火山活动或高温化学反应，但没有一种能完美地符合证据。A.While虽然；B.As因为；C.Since既然：D.If如果。前后句是让步转折关系，While引|导让步状语从句，符合语境，答案为A。 【小题10】考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，由地下水或附近火山产生的矿物质可能会导致出现杂乱的斑点，而不是探测器高分辨率相机所观察 到的有规律的斑点。A.created产生；B.heated加热；C.processed加工；D.introduced介绍。根据后文“by ground water or nearby volcanoes”可知，这里说矿物质是由地下水或火山产生的，created符合语境，答案选A。 【小题11】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，由地下水或附近火山产生的矿物质可能会导致出现杂乱的斑点，而不是探测器高分辨率相机所观 察到的有规律的斑点。A.chaotic混乱的；B.regulated受管制的；C.organized有规律的，有条理的；D.colorful多彩的。前文提到“messy splotches”（杂乱的斑点），与之对比，这里应是有规律的，答案选C。 【小题12】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管令人兴奋，但科学家们仍然持谨慎态度，因为要得出确凿的结论需要比探测器所能携带的更先进的 工具。A.pessimistic悲观的；B.cautious谨慎的；C.disappointed失望的；D.calm平静的。从后文“advanced tools than a rover can carry.”可知，得出确凿结论还需更先进工具，所以科学家持谨慎态度，答案为B。 【小题13】考查动词短语辨析。句意：最终答案在于火星样本返回任务，这是美国国家航空航天局和欧洲航天局的一个联合项目，旨在将这些特 定的样本带回地球。A.comesfrom来自；B.liesin在于；C.pointsto指向；D.focuseson专注于。根据后文"the Mars Sample Return mission”可知，此处表示最终答案取决于火星样本返回任务，liesin符合语境，答案选B。 【小题14】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管预算削减使时间安排存在疑问，但CheyavaFalls仍然是太空探索历史上最有前景的发现。A.cuts削减；B.grants拨款；C.applications申请；D.extensions延长。从“place the timeline in doubt”可知，预算方面出现问题导致时间存疑，cuts符合语境，答案为A。 【小题15】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管预算削减使时间安排存在疑问，但CheyavaFalls仍然是太空探索历史上最有前景的发现。A. revolutionary革命性的；B.innovative创新的；C.valuable有价值的；D.promising有前景的。结合全文，虽然还不能确定火星曾有生命，这个发现很有潜力，promising符合语境，答案选D。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Period 2 Using language分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1. 娱乐，消遣 ________ 2. 难处理的;难懂的 ________ 3. 速度，进度 ________ 4. 然而，不过 ________ 5. 非凡的，不寻常的 ________ 6. 合作，协作 ________ 7. 新颖的，创新的 ________ 8. 反差，对比 ________ 9. 笑了起来 ________ 10. (历史事件的)缤纷场 ________ 11. 仿效某人，继承某人 ________ 12. 使...开始 ________ 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. Don’t worry. I have _________ _________ (充分考虑，想透) all the possible results. 2. am has _________ _________ of (利用) the company’s training program to improve his communication skills. 3. Our heartfelt thanks go to all the volunteers who have _________ _________ _________ (为……做出贡献) the success of the sports meeting. 4. You have ________ ________ ________ (报名) so many courses and extra-curricular activities that you must be very busy.  5. Happily, he has told me all his plans and he’s _________ _________ _________ _________ (留下好印象) on me. 6. Many companies ________________ (遭受了有技能的员工的短缺) due to the COVID-19 since 2019. 三、单句语法填空。 1. Protecting ancient artifacts is of great __________(significant) because they help us understand history. 2. A person who ________ (donate) blood for years shall enjoy priority in clinical blood use. 3. Her latest novel, which explores complex themes of identity,________(bring) widespread criticism since its publication last month.  4. Many of these forgotten contacts are old friends that ________ (fade) from your life for no particular reason for some time. 5. So far, Olivia ________ (receive) over 8,000 pairs of donated socks. 6. According to Lu Wei, deputy editor-in-chief of Zhejiang Ancient Books Press, reading old books is becoming a ________ (significance) part of national reading culture.  7. Up to now, Gary ________ (publish) 60 articles on his blog. 四、选词填空 as if；    dating back to；    in ruins；      No matter；      were injured by； play a role；  swept away；   depend on；   in the open air；   have trouble with      1. A big earthquake hit Tangshan in 1976 and the city was ________ in less than one minute. 2. The flood last week ________ the wooden bridge over the river, and now villagers are building a new one. 3. Whenever we ________ our studies, our teachers help us patiently. 4. The actor was invited to ________ in the TV play. 5. ________ how hard the task is, we will try our best to finish it on time. 6. We had a picnic ________ yesterday, enjoying the warm sunshine and fresh air. 7. The little girl looked at the stranger ________ she had seen him before, but I’m sure she didn’t know him. 8. Whether we can go hiking tomorrow will ________ the weather. If it rains, we’ll stay at home. 9. The ancient temple ________ the Tang Dynasty was destroyed due to the earthquake. 10. Several students ________ the falling rocks during the climbing, luckily, they were only slightly hurt. 五、语法填空 Conventional robots need to be plugged in or have their batteries replaced,     1     means they have to stop working for a certain period of time. However, a Chinese robotic company announced it has developed     2     advanced robot with a dual (双的) battery system for autonomous replacement,     3     (ensure) continuous operation. This simple yet ingenious feature which     4     (say) to be a first among bipedal (两腿行走的) robots is very popular in the world. In a recent video     5     (share), the robot showcases its battery swapping ability. When it detects that its batteries are running low     6     power, the robot automatically heads to a battery exchange station. Then it bends its arms and uses its palms to pull out one of the     7     (battery) at the back and store it on the top shelf, before replacing it with a fully charged one and getting back to work. The battery replacement process is simple and effective, takes only a few minutes to complete, and virtually     8     (ensure) that the robot can work     9     (continuous). The system is inspired by the swappable batteries of Chinese     10     (electricity) cars, which use modular batteries that can be swapped to save time. 六、阅读理解 The Amazon rainforest is often called the “lungs of the Earth” and credited with producing 20 percent of the world’s oxygen. But that’s a misleading claim. “There are a number of reasons why you keep the Amazon in place, but oxygen just isn’t any one of them,” remarks Earth systems scientist Michael Coe. To Coe, the claim doesn’t make any sense because there isn’t enough carbon dioxide in the atmosphere for trees to photosynthesize (光合作用). For carbon dioxide molecules (分子)trees pull out of the air, they push a comparable number of oxygen molecules back out. The atmosphere contains less than half a percent of carbon dioxide, and 21 percent of oxygen. It’s impossible for the Amazon to generate that much oxygen. Yadvinder Malhi, an ecosystem ecologist at Oxford University, estimates tropical forests are responsible for around 34 percent of photosynthesis occurring on land. Based on its size, the Amazon would account for about half of that, which means the Amazon generates around 17 percent of oxygen produced on land. The oxygen we breathe is the gift of plankton (浮游生物)in the ocean that have over billions of years steadily accumulated oxygen that made the atmosphere breathable. This oxygen could only accumulate because the plankton became trapped at the bottom of the ocean before they could rot. Otherwise, their breaking-up by other microbes would have used up that oxygen. However, the 20 percent claim has been making the rounds for decades. Malhi and Coe think it comes from the fact that the Amazon contributes around 20 percent of the oxygen produced by photosynthesis on land — which may have mistakenly slipped into public knowledge as “20 percent of the oxygen in the atmosphere.” Obviously, none of this is to say that the Amazon isn’t important. “It pulls tons of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere, which cools the planet,” notes climate scientist Carlos Nobre, “The Amazon is also the most bio-diverse ecosystem on land and one of nature’s most powerful tools for easing climate change, playing an important role in stabilizing rainfall cycles in South America.” For its importance to the world, the Amazon might as well be a pair of “lungs”. 1. What is a widespread misunderstanding of the Amazon? A．It features rich biodiversity. B．It eases climate change effectively. C．It produces 20% of Earth’s oxygen. D．It breathes in oxygen like human lungs. 2. Why does Michael Coe doubt the claim? A．Oxygen is mainly from plankton. B．CO2 is too little for photosynthesis. C．The Amazon is not large enough. D．The Amazon generates little oxygen. 3. Why do ocean plankton contribute most to the breathable atmosphere? A．They absorb more CO2. B．They spread across vast ocean regions. C．They photosynthesize faster. D．They build up oxygen over long periods. 4. What can we infer from Carlos Nobre’s words in the last paragraph? A．He denies the claim on the Amazon. B．He underestimates the Amazon’s function. C．He stresses the Amazon’s ecological value. D．He confirms the Amazon’s role in carbon reduction. 七、七选五 Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental health issues in the US, affecting about one in five people.     1     For years, scientists have been confused about how anxiety begins and is controlled within the brain. A new study from the University of Utah has cast light on this mystery. Previously, researchers had a different idea about which brain cells control anxiety.     2     However, a new study challenges this view. It found that the key cells aren’t neurons (神经元) that usually responsible for long-distance electrical signals. Instead, specific immune cells called microglia are the key players. To figure out how microglia work, the team divided it into two subsets (子集) — non-Hoxb8 microglia and Hoxb8 microglia, and designed a special experiment.     3     They chose mice that had no microglia at all and transplanted either one or two subsets. The results revealed two opposite roles. On the one hand, non-Hoxb8 microglia acts like an “accelerator” (催化剂) for anxiety.     4     On the other hand, the other subset, Hoxb8 microglia, acts as a “brake” to reduce anxiety. Mice that received only Hoxb8 microglia stayed calm. Importantly, when both subsets were transplanted together, the “brake” balanced the “accelerator,” keeping the mice’s anxiety at a normal level.     5     Humans also have the two subsets. Currently, most drugs target neurons, but future therapies may focus on adjusting these immune cells. A．This discovery could reshape anxiety treatment. B．Though common, its brain processes are still unclear. C．It made the mice highly anxious when transplanted alone. D．Specifically, they did microglia transplants on special mice. E．Neurons were long believed to be in charge of anxiety responses. F．They once thought all microglia had the same function in anxiety. G．This experiment shows how these microglia subsets work together to balance anxiety. 八、完形填空 On September 10, 2025, NASA revealed what may be the most compelling evidence of past Martian life to date. The Perseverance rover discovered a rock nicknamed “Cheyava Falls” while exploring a (n) ____1_____ riverbed that once flowed into a lake billions of years ago. This specific sample is significant because it has unique physical markings that scientists have ____2_____ to explain through non-biological processes alone. The most striking features of the rock are its “poppy seeds” and “leopard spots.” These are tiny dark dots and larger light-colored splotches surrounded by dark rims. On Earth, these types of ____3_____ are frequently created by microbial activity in sedimentary rocks. Long before Perseverance even launched, researchers predicted that if life had ever existed on the Red Planet, it might leave behind ____4_____ these kinds of distinct, easily ____5_____ chemical signatures in the Martian terrain. The presence of these spots likely points to a process of biological ____6_____. To survive, microbes can harvest energy by transferring electrons from organic compounds to minerals like iron. In Cheyava Falls, the dark rims and “poppy seeds” are ____7_____ vivianite, a mineral that forms when iron receives these electrons. Furthermore, the pale centers of the spots contain greigite, suggesting that after exhausting the available iron, microbes may have switched to consuming sulfate. This logical chain of two different energy-harvesting reactions strongly ____8_____ how microbial colonies operate in similar environments on our own planet. ____9_____ NASA has considered non-biological explanations, such as volcanic activity or high-temperature chemical reactions, none of them perfectly fit the evidence. For instance, the specific reactions needed to create these minerals without life typically require temperatures exceeding 150℃, yet there is no evidence the rock was ever that hot. Additionally, minerals _____10_____ by groundwater or nearby volcanoes would likely result in messy splotches rather than the ____11______ spots observed by the rover’s high-resolution cameras. Despite this excitement, scientists remain _____12_____ because a definitive “slam dunk” requires more advanced tools than a rover can carry. The final answer ____13______ the Mars Sample Return mission, a joint project between NASA and the European Space Agency designed to bring these specific tubes back to Earth. Although budget ____14______ place the timeline in doubt, Cheyava Falls remains the most “_____15_____” prize in the history of space exploration. 1.A．giant B．ancient C．mysterious D．remote 2.A．failed B．managed C．struggled D．hesitated 3.A．materials B．patterns C．colors D．landscapes 4.A．nearly B．roughly C．perhaps D．exactly 5.A．identifiable B．visible C．memorable D．adaptable 6.A．construction B．evolution C．circulation D．digestion 7.A．named after B．composed of C．centered on D．attracted to 8.A．reflects B．copies C．mirrors D．simplifies 9.A．While B．As C．Since D．If 10.A．created B．heated C．processed D．introduced 11.A．chaotic B．regulated C．organized D．colorful 12.A．pessimistic B．cautious C．disappointed D．calm 13.A．comes from B．lies in C．points to D．focuses on 14.A．cuts B．grants C．applications D．extensions 15.A．revolutionaryB．innovative C．valuable D．promising 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $