专题10 八上Modules 9-12（复习讲义）（外研版教材梳理）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

专题10 八上Modules9－12（复习讲义）（外研版教材梳理） 目 录 01·考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02·思维导图·网络构建 3 03·考点通关·靶向突破 3 考点1 重点词汇 3 考点2 易混词辨析 8 考点3 重点句型 12 考点4 重点语法 15 04·优题精选·练能提分 15 考点 课标要求 复习目标 重点单词 · 掌握重点词汇： · 名词： noise, report, billion, notes, problem, birth, flat, rubbish, pollution, service, pupil, environment, cloud, shower, snow, storm, temperature, degree, cap, chess, set, chopstick, toy, video, gift, surprise, difference, month, sandwich, chip, gentleman, shoulder, broken, glass, stairs, aid, first aid, medical, bottom, trouble, lift, training, earthquake, inside, window, power · 动词：prepare, increase, cause, grow, reduce, create, solve, snow, joke, wish, accept, stay, taste, lift, drop, cover, warn, keep, clear, imagine · 形容词：huge, quiet, local, public, convenient, cloudy, rainy, snowy, sunny, windy, thick, wet, terrible, serious, wrong, harmful, calm, brave, helpful, clear 1.重点词汇会写会用 2. 易混词会在不同语境中熟练应用 3. 熟练运用if条件状语从句 4. 熟练运用被动语态 易混词辨析 · 掌握cause / reason, problem / question, noise / voice / sound, neither / either / both / all, wish / hope, probably / maybe, surprise / surprised / surprising, immediately / at once, accept / receive, for example / such as, must / have to, drop / fall, make sure / be sure等易混词辨析 重点句型 · 掌握询问天气的句型 · 掌握表“没有足够的……去做某事”的句型 · 掌握用于询问某人或某物怎么了的句型 · 掌握what/how引导感叹句的句型 重点语法 · 掌握冠词 · 掌握情态动词 · 掌握祈使句 命题预测 单项选择主要考查易混词辨析、冠词用法、情态动词用法、祈使句结构以及what/how引导的感叹句句型，同时结合询问天气、询问状况等情景交际句型设题；完形填空侧重各类核心名词、动词、形容词在语境中的理解与运用，融合易混词语境区分、固定句型和基础语法进行综合考查；语法填空重点考查核心词汇的拼写与变形、情态动词和冠词的正确使用，并结合补全对话考查句型运用能力；句型转换围绕询问天气、表达“没有足够的……去做某事”、询问某人或某物怎么了以及感叹句改写等内容展开；选词填空则以易混词辨析、固定搭配、形容词语境选择为主，全面检测词汇、句型与语法的综合运用能力。 考点1 重点词汇 1. wait 【教材原句】I'm waiting for the bus. 【主要用法】作不及物动词，意为等待，不能直接接宾语，必须搭配介词for使用，构成wait for sb./sth.等待某人/某物。可用于现在进行时表示此刻正在等待，也可用于一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的等待动作，是时态和固定搭配的双重考点。 【例句】 · I wait for my mother at the school gate every day. 我每天在校门口等我的妈妈。 · She is waiting for you at the park entrance now. 她现在正在公园门口等你。 2. take 【教材原句】We're taking lots of photos. 【主要用法】作及物动词，词义丰富，核心含义有拍照、乘坐、花费、拿走。固定搭配take photos拍照，take a bus/train乘坐公交/火车，It takes sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间，take away拿走。可用于多种时态，现在分词为taking。 【例句】 · They take a lot of photos in the zoo on weekends. 他们周末在动物园拍很多照片。 · It takes me half an hour to walk to school every day. 我每天步行上学要花半个小时。 3. leave 【教材原句】They are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 【主要用法】作动词，意为离开、动身、遗留。固定搭配leave A for B离开A地前往B地，leave for+目的地动身去某地，leave sth.+地点把某物落在某地。可用现在进行时表示将来计划好的动作，过去式和过去分词为left，是不规则动词高频考点。 【例句】 · He leaves home at seven o'clock every morning. 他每天早上七点离开家。 · Don't leave your schoolbag on the playground. 不要把你的书包落在操场上。 4. enjoy 【教材原句】We enjoy the school trip a lot. 【主要用法】作及物动词，意为喜欢、享受、过得愉快。后只能接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，不能接不定式，固定搭配enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事，enjoy oneself玩得开心，相当于have a good time。 【例句】 · They enjoy reading storybooks in the evening. 他们喜欢在晚上看故事书。 · We all enjoy ourselves at the birthday party. 我们在生日派对上都玩得很开心。 5. prepare 【教材原句】We are preparing for the exam. 【主要用法】作动词，意为准备、筹备。及物动词时prepare sth.准备某物；不及物动词时prepare for sth.为某事做准备；固定搭配prepare sb. for sth.使某人为某事做好准备，prepare to do sth.准备做某事。名词形式为preparation，常用make preparations for为……做准备。 【例句】 · She prepares her English lessons carefully every evening. 她每天晚上认真准备她的英语课。 · All the students are preparing for the coming sports meeting. 所有学生都在为即将到来的运动会做准备。 6. cause 【教材原句】Carelessness causes accidents. 【主要用法】可作动词和名词。作动词时意为造成、引起、导致，后接结果作宾语，固定搭配cause sb. sth.给某人带来某物，cause sb. to do sth.导致某人做某事；作名词时意为原因、起因，固定搭配the cause of……的原因，与reason含义相近但侧重导致坏事的原因。 【例句】 · Heavy rain causes the flood in the small village. 大雨导致了这个小村庄的洪水。 · The cause of the fire is still unknown. 火灾的原因目前还不清楚。 7. problem 【教材原句】We must solve the problem quickly. 【主要用法】作可数名词，意为问题、难题、麻烦。特指需要动手解决、处理的困难或难题，固定搭配solve the problem解决问题，work out the problem算出难题。与question易混淆，question侧重需要回答的问题，搭配answer the question。 【例句】 · He can solve this difficult math problem easily. 他能轻松解出这道数学难题。 · Pollution is a big social problem in the world. 污染是世界上一个重大的社会问题。 8. keep 【教材原句】Keep quiet, please. 【主要用法】作及物动词，过去式和过去分词为kept，词义多样。核心用法：保持某种状态，keep+形容词；持续做某事，keep doing sth.；保留、保存某物；饲养。固定搭配keep healthy保持健康，keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事，keep away from远离。 【例句】 · We must keep our classroom clean and tidy every day. 我们必须每天保持教室干净整洁。 · If you keep practicing speaking English, you will make progress. 如果你坚持练习说英语，你就会取得进步。 9. warn 【教材原句】The teacher warns us not to be late. 【主要用法】作及物动词，意为警告、告诫、提醒。固定搭配warn sb. (not) to do sth.警告某人（不要）做某事，warn sb. about/of sth.警告某人某事/提防某物。名词形式为warning，意为警告、警示，是安全、规则类话题的高频词。 【例句】 · The police warn drivers not to drive after drinking wine. 警察警告司机不要酒后驾车。 · My parents always warn me about the danger of the river. 我的父母总是提醒我这条河的危险。 10. harmful 【教材原句】Smoking is harmful to health. 【主要用法】作形容词，意为有害的，由名词harm加后缀-ful构成。固定搭配be harmful to sb./sth.对某人/某物有害，同义短语do harm to sb./sth.。反义词为harmless无害的，是环保、健康类写作和阅读的核心词汇。 【例句】 · Eating too much junk food is harmful to our health. 吃太多垃圾食品对我们的健康有害。 · Light pollution is harmful to people's eyes. 光污染对人们的眼睛有害。 11. surprise 【教材原句】The news is a big surprise. 【主要用法】可作名词、动词和形容词。作名词意为惊喜、意外之事，固定搭配to one's surprise令某人惊讶的是；作动词意为使惊讶，surprise sb.让某人吃惊；形容词形式为surprised（修饰人）、surprising（修饰物）。 【例句】 · To my great surprise, he can speak three languages. 令我十分惊讶的是，他会说三种语言。 · The result of the exam surprises all the students. 考试结果让所有学生都很吃惊。 12. accept 【教材原句】He can't accept the gift. 【主要用法】作及物动词，意为接受、收下、同意。侧重主观上愿意接受，后可接礼物、邀请、建议、事实等作宾语。易与receive混淆，receive仅指客观上收到，不涉及是否愿意接受，固定搭配accept one's invitation接受邀请。 【例句】 · She accepts my invitation to the English party happily. 她开心地接受了我去英语派对的邀请。 · I receive a letter but I don't accept it. 我收到了一封信，但我没有接受它。 13. grow 【教材原句】Plants grow well in spring. 【主要用法】作动词，过去式grew，过去分词grown，为不规则动词。核心含义：生长、成长；逐渐变得；种植。固定搭配grow up长大成人，grow into长成，grow up to be长大后成为，grow vegetables种植蔬菜，可用于描述人、植物、数量的变化。 【例句】 · All the plants grow well in warm spring. 所有植物在温暖的春天长得很好。 · He wants to grow up to be a doctor in the future. 他将来长大后想成为一名医生。 14. celebrate 【教材原句】We celebrate Spring Festival every year. 【主要用法】作及物动词，意为庆祝、庆贺，后接节日、生日、胜利等作宾语。固定搭配celebrate sth. with sb.和某人一起庆祝某事，名词形式为celebration，意为庆祝活动，固定搭配have a celebration举行庆祝活动。 【例句】 · We celebrate Mid-Autumn Festival with our family every year. 我们每年都和家人一起庆祝中秋节。 · They celebrate their victory with a big party. 他们举办盛大派对庆祝胜利。 15. clean 【教材原句】We are cleaning the classroom now. 【主要用法】可作动词、形容词和副词。作动词意为打扫、清洁，后接地点或物品；作形容词意为干净的、整洁的，反义词dirty；固定搭配clean up彻底打扫，keep clean保持干净，clean out清理干净。可用于各种时态，现在分词为cleaning。 【例句】 · We clean the classroom carefully after school every day. 我们每天放学后认真打扫教室。 · It's important for us to keep our hands clean. 保持双手干净对我们来说很重要。 1．（2025·湖北武汉·二模）—Did you catch the train this morning? —No, it came 20 minutes late, but the ride was so comfortable and worth the ________. A．money B．wait C．risk D．work 2．（2025·江西抚州·模拟预测）—Do you know where my camera is? —Oh, your sister ________ photos with it. A．took B．is taking C．was taking D．has taken 3．（2025·海南海口·模拟预测）Little Tom likes cars. He enjoys ________ different kinds of model cars. A．collect B．collecting C．to collect 4．（2025·甘肃临夏·一模）— Sometimes it is necessary to keep ________ in our daily lives. — Yes, lots of troubles are caused by speaking too much. A．tiny B．ugly C．silent D．thankful 5．（2025·上海徐汇·二模）________ his surprise, Peter opened the box and found the pet kitten he had always wanted. A．In B．To C．At D．Of 考点2 易混词辨析 1. cause/reason 【易混淆辨析】cause侧重导致事件发生的直接起因，可作动词表示造成、引起，常搭配the cause of；reason侧重解释行为的理由、道理，仅作名词，常搭配the reason for或reason why。 【例句】 · Carelessness is the cause of the accident. 粗心是这场事故的起因。 · Tell me the reason for your being late. 告诉我你迟到的理由。 2. problem/question 【易混淆辨析】problem指需要解决的难题、麻烦，常与solve、settle搭配使用；question指需要回答的疑问、问题，常与ask、answer搭配使用。 【例句】 · We should try to solve the difficult problem. 我们应该尽力解决这个难题。 · He wants to ask a very simple question. 他想问一个很简单的问题。 3. noise/voice/sound 【易混淆辨析】noise指嘈杂、令人不适的噪音；voice专指人的说话声、嗓音、歌声；sound是泛指，指自然界中一切可以听到的声音。 【例句】 · Don’t make so much noise in the classroom. 不要在教室里制造这么多噪音。 · Her voice sounds very sweet and beautiful. 她的嗓音听起来非常甜美动听。 4. neither/either/both/all 【易混淆辨析】neither指两者都不，谓语动词常用单数；either指两者中的任意一个，谓语动词常用单数；both指两者都，谓语动词用复数；all指三者及以上都，可修饰可数或不可数名词。 【例句】 · Neither answer is right in this question. 这个问题的两个答案都不对。 · Both of my sisters like listening to music. 我的两个姐姐都喜欢听音乐。 5. wish/hope 【易混淆辨析】wish常表示难以实现的愿望，可接虚拟语气，也可用于祝福；hope表示有可能实现的希望，后接真实的从句或不定式，不接双宾语。 【例句】 · I wish I could live on the moon one day. 我希望有一天能住在月球上。 · I hope to visit your school next week. 我希望下周能参观你们学校。 6. probably/maybe 【易混淆辨析】probably是副词，可能性较强，多用于句中；maybe是副词，可能性较弱，多用于句首，二者都用来表示不确定的推测。 【例句】 · It will probably be sunny tomorrow. 明天很有可能是晴天。 · Maybe we can go to the park after school. 也许我们放学后可以去公园。 7. surprise/surprised/surprising 【易混淆辨析】surprise可作名词表示惊喜，也可作动词表示使惊讶；surprised是形容词，修饰人，表示感到惊讶的；surprising是形容词，修饰事物，表示令人惊讶的。 【例句】 · To my surprise, he passed the exam easily. 令我惊讶的是，他轻松通过了考试。 · The result is very surprising to all of us. 这个结果对我们所有人来说都很意外。 8. immediately/at once 【易混淆辨析】immediately为正式副词，意为立刻、马上，位置灵活；at once为口语短语，意为立刻、当即，一般放在句末使用。 【例句】 · Please go home immediately after school. 放学后请立刻回家。 · You must finish your homework at once. 你必须马上完成你的作业。 9. accept/receive 【易混淆辨析】accept强调主观上愿意接受、认可；receive仅强调客观上收到、接到，不涉及是否接受的态度。 【例句】 · I received a letter yesterday but didn’t accept it. 我昨天收到一封信但没有接受。 · She will accept your kind help happily. 她会开心地接受你善意的帮助。 10. for example/such as 【易混淆辨析】for example用来举例，通常举一例，用逗号隔开，位置灵活；such as用来列举同类事物，可多个并列，直接接名词，多用于句中。 【例句】 · Some students, for example, Tom, are very hard-working. 有些学生，比如汤姆，学习非常努力。 · I like sports such as running and swimming. 我喜欢跑步和游泳这类运动。 11. must/have to 【易混淆辨析】must强调主观上认为必须、应该，否定形式mustn’t表示禁止；have to强调客观条件迫使不得不，否定形式don’t have to表示不必。 【例句】 · You must follow the school rules every day. 你必须每天遵守校规。 · I have to get up early to catch the early bus. 我不得不早起赶早班车。 12. drop/fall 【易混淆辨析】drop可作及物动词，表示主动放下或意外掉落，可接宾语；fall是不及物动词，表示自然下落、跌倒，不能直接接宾语。 【例句】 · Be careful not to drop the glass on the ground. 小心别把杯子掉在地上。 · The leaves fall down from the trees in autumn. 秋天树叶从树上落下来。 13. make sure/be sure 【易混淆辨析】make sure强调动作，指确保、核实某事；be sure强调状态，指确信、有把握做某事。 【例句】 · Please make sure all the lights are off. 请确保所有的灯都关掉。 · I am sure that you can learn English well. 我确信你能学好英语。 1．（2020·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·模拟预测）________ what way did you work out the Maths _____? A．In, problem B．By, problem C．In, question D．By, question 2．（22-23九年级上·全国·课后作业）—Did you hear any strange ________ when the earthquake happened? —No, I was in my garden enjoying the beautiful ________ of my birds at that time. A．voice; noise B．noise; sound C．voice; sound D．sound; voice 3．（2026·上海奉贤·一模）—Which sweater do you prefer, the red one or the blue one? —______ is OK. I don’t mind the colour as long as it feels comfortable. A．Both B．Either C．Neither D．All 4．（25-26九年级上·安徽宣城·期末）Tom ________ a book from his classmate, but he didn’t ________ it because it was too thick. A．received; accept B．accepted; receive C．accepted; accept D．received; receive 5．（20-21九年级·吉林长春·单元测试）The teacher ________ Tom to pass the English exam. A．wishes B．hopes C．will wish D．will hope 考点3 重点句型 1. The population of 【重点句型】The population of + 地点 + was/were + 数字 + in + 年份.，表某地在某一年的人口数量；也可用a city with a population of...表“有……人口的城市”，population作主语时谓语动词常用单数。 【例句】 · The world's population was about 7.8 billion in 2020. 2020年世界人口约为78亿。 · Arnwick was a city with a population of 10,000,000. 阿恩威克是一座拥有1000万人口的城市。 2. There be enough to do 【重点句型】There aren't enough + 名词 + to do sth.，表“没有足够的……去做某事”，enough修饰名词时可放名词前后，修饰形容词/副词时必须放其后。 【例句】 · There aren't enough people to do all the jobs in low birth rate countries. 在低出生率国家，没有足够的人去做所有的工作。 · There isn't enough time to finish the homework before dinner. 晚饭前没有足够的时间完成作业。 3. 询问天气句型 【重点句型】What's the weather like in + 地点? / How's the weather in + 地点?，用于询问某地天气，回答常用It's + 天气形容词或It might + 动词原形。 【例句】 · What's the weather like in America in winter, Betty? 贝蒂，美国冬天的天气怎么样？ · How's the weather in Beijing today? 今天北京的天气怎么样？ 4. not just but... 【重点句型】not just...but...表“不仅……而且……”，侧重强调后者，可连接并列的名词、形容词或动词短语，相当于not only...but also...。 【例句】 · Afternoon tea is not just a drink but a light meal at around 4 pm. 下午茶不仅是一种饮品，更是下午四点左右的一顿便餐。 · She is not just a teacher but a good friend to her students 对她的学生来说，她不仅是一位老师，更是一位好朋友。 5. had better not 【重点句型】You'd better not + 动词原形.，表“你最好不要做某事”，是had better do sth.的否定形式，用于委婉提建议。 【例句】 · You'd better not have your hair cut during the Spring Festival month. 正月里你最好不要理发。 · You'd better not stay up too late before the exam. 考试前你最好不要熬夜太晚。 6. What should we do 【重点句型】What should we do + 介词短语?，用于询问“在……情况下我们应该做什么”，should表“应该”，用于提建议或问对策。 【例句】 · What should we do before help arrives? 在救援到来之前我们应该做什么？ · What should we do in an earthquake? 地震中我们应该做什么？ 7. First of all 【重点句型】First of all, + 句子.，表“首先……”，用于分步骤说明或列举，强调第一步的重要性，后续可接Then/Next/Finally等词。 【例句】 · First of all, find out what's wrong with the boy lying on the stairs. 首先，弄清楚躺在楼梯上的男孩怎么了。 · First of all, you should keep calm when you are in danger. 首先，遇到危险时你应该保持冷静。 8. have trouble doing 【重点句型】have trouble (in) doing sth.，表“做某事有困难”，in可省略，也可接have trouble with sth.表“在某方面有困难”。 【例句】 · He could have trouble hearing you or speaking to you after the accident. 事故后他可能听不清你说话，也无法和你交流。 · I have trouble learning English grammar well these days. 这些天我在学好英语语法方面有困难。 9. such that 【重点句型】such + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + that + 句子.，表“如此……以至于……”，such修饰名词，可数名词单数需加a/an；修饰形容词/副词用so...that...。 【例句】 · That's such good advice that you could be a doctor, Betty! 贝蒂，这是如此好的建议，你都可以当医生了！ · It was such a heavy rain that we couldn't go out to play. 雨下得如此大，以至于我们不能出去玩。 10. Me neither句型 【重点句型】Me neither. 用于口语，表“我也不……/我也没……”，对应前文的否定情况，相当于Neither do I / Neither have I等，与Me too（表肯定）相对。 【例句】 I don't like the weather. It's too cold. 我不喜欢这样的天气，太冷了。 Me neither. 我也不喜欢。 I haven't seen the film. 我没看过这部电影。 Me neither. 我也没看过。 11. Here/There倒装句型 【重点句型】Here/There + be + 名词. 是倒装句，主要起强调作用，主语是名词时倒装；若主语是人称代词，则不倒装。 【例句】 Here's your gift. 这是给你的礼物。 There comes the bus. 公交车来了。 12. what/how引导感叹句句型 【重点句型】what引导感叹句修饰名词，结构为What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 可数名词单数/复数/不可数名词 + (主语 + 谓语)!；how引导感叹句修饰形容词/副词，结构为How + 形容词/副词 + (主语 + 谓语)!。 【例句】 What a wonderful day! 多么美好的一天啊！ How fast China is developing! 中国发展得多快啊！ 13. What's wrong with...?句型 【重点句型】What's wrong with...? 用于询问某人或某物怎么了、出了什么毛病，同义句型还有What's the matter with...? / What's the trouble with...? / What happens/happened to...?。 【例句】 What's wrong with you? 你怎么了？ What's wrong with your watch? 你的手表怎么了？ 1．（2022·黑龙江鸡西·模拟预测）The population of China is ________ than ________ of India. A．more; that B．larger; that C．larger; the one 2．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测）Betty did pretty well in her exam. She was ________ to pay attention to every detail (细节). A．enough careful B．carefully enough C．careful enough 3．（2024·西藏昌都·一模）—What is the weather like today? —_________. A．It’s Monday B．It’s right C．It’s sunny D．It’s October 1st 4．（2023·福建福州·一模）You had better not _______ in the sun. A．read B．to read C．reading 5．（25-26九年级上·江苏常州·期末）The dance was ________ popular that ________ many people posted their short videos on the Internet. A．so; so B．such; so C．such; such D．so; such 考点4 重点语法 一、冠词 【语法概述】冠词是置于名词前，用于限定名词含义的虚词，分为不定冠词（a/an）、定冠词（the）和零冠词（不用冠词）三类，主要帮助说明名词所指的人或事物是泛指还是特指。 【用法】 1、不定冠词 a/an · 表泛指“一个”，用于可数名词单数前：a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前，an 用于元音音素开头的单词前。 · 表“某一”，指不明确的人或事物。 · 用于固定搭配中，如 a few, a lot of 等。 2、定冠词 the · 表特指，指双方都知道的人或事物，或上文提到过的人或事物。 · 用于独一无二的事物前（如 the sun, the earth）、序数词和形容词最高级前、江河湖海/山脉/乐器等专有名词前。 3、零冠词 · 用于复数名词表泛指、不可数名词表泛指、三餐/球类/学科/季节/月份/星期等名词前。 · 用于称呼语、职位头衔前，以及固定搭配中。 【例句】 · I have an apple and a pear. 我有一个苹果和一个梨。 · The book on the desk is mine. 桌子上的那本书是我的。 · We have breakfast at 7 o'clock. 我们七点吃早饭。 二、情态动词（may, might, can, must, need, have to） 【语法概述】情态动词是表示说话人语气、情态的动词，无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，主要表达许可、能力、义务、推测、必要性等含义。 【用法】 （1）may / might may：表许可（可以）、推测（可能），语气较委婉；might 是 may 的过去式，语气更委婉，表推测时可能性更低。 否定形式：may not（可能不），might not（可能不）；一般疑问句：May I...?（我可以……吗？）。 （2）can 表能力（能、会）、许可（可以）、推测（可能，多用于否定句/疑问句）。 否定形式：can not / can't（不能）；过去式 could，语气更委婉，可用于礼貌请求。 （3）must 表义务（必须）、推测（一定，肯定，仅用于肯定句），语气最强。 否定形式：mustn't（禁止，不准），表“不必”时用 needn't / don't have to。 （4）need 表“需要”，作情态动词时仅用于否定句/疑问句，后接动词原形；作实义动词时有人称和数变化，后接 to do sth.。 否定形式：needn't（不必）。 （5）have to 表“不得不”，强调客观需要，有人称和数变化（has to / had to），后接动词原形；否定形式：don't / doesn't / didn't have to（不必）。 【例句】 · May I use your pen? 我可以用你的钢笔吗？ · He might be late for the meeting. 他可能会开会迟到。 · I can swim. 我会游泳。 · You must finish your homework first. 你必须先完成作业。 · You needn't come here early tomorrow. 你明天不必早来这里。 · I have to take the bus to work because my bike is broken. 我不得不坐公交上班，因为我的自行车坏了。 三、祈使句 【语法概述】祈使句是用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等语气的句子，通常省略主语 you，以动词原形开头，语气可强可弱。 【用法】 肯定祈使句：以动词原形开头，如 Sit down.（坐下）；也可在句首加 Please 使语气更委婉。 否定祈使句：在动词原形前加 Don't，如 Don't run in the hallway.（不要在走廊里跑）；禁止性祈使句可用 No + 动名词，如 No smoking.（禁止吸烟）。 强调祈使句：在动词原形前加 Do，如 Do be careful!（一定要小心！）。 【例句】 · Please open the window. 请打开窗户。 · Don't be late for class. 上课不要迟到。 · No parking here. 此处禁止停车。 四、情态动词表推测（must, can, could） 【语法概述】情态动词 must, can, could 可用于对现在或过去的情况进行推测，语气强弱和使用场景不同，核心区别在于肯定/否定/疑问的适用范围。 【用法】 must：表“一定、肯定”，语气最强，仅用于肯定句，否定推测用 can't。 can：表“可能”，多用于否定句/疑问句，表推测时语气较强；can't 表“不可能”，语气肯定。 could：表“可能”，语气比 can 委婉，可用于肯定句/否定句/疑问句，推测可能性比 can 弱。 【例句】 · The light is on, so he must be at home. 灯亮着，所以他一定在家。 · That can't be true. 那不可能是真的。 · It could rain this afternoon. 今天下午可能会下雨。 1．（2026·四川达州·模拟预测）—Well, the next topic we plan to discuss is about ________ African country, the Democratic Republic of the Congo. —I know that ________ economy here is very backward. A．an; an B．an; the C．a; the 2．（2026·四川南充·模拟预测）—Have you seen ________ wallet? I left it here yesterday. —Is it ________ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. A．a, the B．the, the C．the, a D．a, a 3．（2026·上海长宁·一模）John began to ride his bike to school alone when he was ________ 11-year-old boy. A．/ B．a C．an D．the 4．（2026·上海普陀·一模）You ________ take down everything the teacher says. Just get the main points. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．couldn’t D．won’t 5．（2026·上海奉贤·一模）With the online ticket booking app, we ________ wait in long lines to buy train tickets. A．can’t B．shouldn’t C．had better not D．needn’t 6．（2026·上海闵行·一模）We’ve already booked the train tickets. You ________ worry about getting seats any more. A．needn’t B．can’t C．may not D．mustn’t 7．（2026·上海黄浦·一模）Follow the instructions strictly, ________ you will damage the engine system. A．so B．or C．and D．but 8．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）________ into the rock circle, and you can feel the energy from your feet move up your body. A．To walk B．Walking C．Walk 9．（2025·吉林长春·三模）________ what you have learnt as much as you can, and you’ll be a good learner. A．To practice B．Practicing C．Practiced D．Practice 10．（2025·福建福州·三模）—_________ a good rest and you will feel much better then. —I hope so. A．Have B．To have C．having 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．（2022甘肃一模）Some primary and middle schools have ________(add) winter sports to their courses. 2．（2025重庆巴南一模）The child got angry as soon as he noticed the ______(break) toy car. 3．（2025江苏淮安二模）Air pollution is ________(harm) to our health. So we should protect our environment. 4．（2024内蒙古鄂尔多斯二模）Too much water is ________in our home every day. Do you have any ideas on how to save it? (waste) 5．（2025上海虹口二模）Philip kept the windows closed all day because there was too much ________outside. (noisy) 6．（2025广东深圳一模）Lets do our best to find a ________(solve) to the problem. 7．（2025甘肃陇南一模）Look at the man! He is in white. He is ________(probable) a doctor. 8．（2024上海徐汇二模）Can you find one more ________between the two pictures here, Molly? (different) 9．（2025甘肃武威一模）I felt ________(surprise) at the news. 10．（2025江苏无锡二模）We failed again! We had no choice but ________(accept) the result. 二、单项选择 11．（2025吉林二模）Here is ________ useful Chinese-English dictionary. Is ________ dictionary yours? A．an ; a B．a; the C．an; the 12．（2021江苏苏州一模）Should I buy two more bags of rice? Too much, _________. A．if you insist B．if you ask me C．you cant miss it D．dont mention it 13．（2021江苏扬州二模）Will little John arrive on time? Im afraid not, ________ the sun rises in the west. A．if B．although C．until D．unless 14．（2025江苏泰州二模）The weather report says there ________ be a big sandstorm tomorrow. Then we ________ cancel the outdoor activities and stay indoors. A．can; would B．must; need C．might; should D．should; could 15．（2025江苏二模）Facing challenges, what we ________ do is to develop ourselves, learn more, embrace new technologies. I cant agree more. A．must B．should C．may D．need 16．（25-26九年级上贵州铜仁月考）We should protect Fanjing Mountain, ________ it is home to many rare animals. A．because B．so C．but D．though 17．（24-25九年级下黑龙江哈尔滨开学考试）Studying methods are so important for us students ________ those who have a good studying method can get a higher mark easily, while it is hard for those who dont have a good studying method to get a high mark. A．that B．though C．because 18．（2026江苏南通一模）________ this method doesnt work, lets try another one. A．Since B．Unless C．When D．Although 19．（2026福建福州一模）You can complete the task successfully ________ you follow the steps. A．as much as B．as well as C．as long as 20．（2025江苏无锡模拟预测）Learning English in a classroom is important, while using in real ________ will surely improve our language skills. A．positions B．conditions C．situations D．experiences 三、完形填空 （2025江西吉安二模）Do you still remember the debate (争论) between sweet and salty zongziduring Dragon Boat Festival? It seems that the differences between northerners and southerners have always been a 21 topic among Chinese. Now another difference has got wide 22 . Its the way that northerners and southerners buy food at markets. People from southern China might say they 23 to buy what they need for just one or two meals. It is 24 for them to buy just half a Chinese cabbage, two potatoes and 0.25 kilograms of beef at a time. However, one may be 25 if he does this in the north. Instead, buying vegetables and meat enough for a week is usual, 26 China Daily. Also, once you go to the market in the south, 27 can buy a small amount (少量) of fruit, such as an apple or pear. Shop owners even help you peel 28 cut them. But hardly do shop owners in the north 29 such service. The difference could be because of the 30 climate (气候). Food can be kept for a long time in the 31 , because it is usually cold and dry there. Many northerners have the 32 of stocking up (囤货) on food. But 33 the hot and wet weather in the south, southern Chinese prefer to buy just enough food for one meal or one day. If not, the food may 34 bad. These debates about differences 35 help us Chinese know more about each other. 21．A．amazing B．strange C．common D．special 22．A．attention B．agreement C．creation D．position 23．A．decide B．prefer C．plan D．advise 24．A．normal B．necessary C．important D．harmful 25．A．worried about B．laughed at C．shut off D．parted with 26．A．shamed B．rushed C．knocked D．reported 27．A．she B．they C．he D．you 28．A．and B．but C．until D．though 29．A．receive B．spread C．offer D．refuse 30．A．double B．basic C．similar D．different 31．A．south B．east C．north D．west 32．A．chance B．habit C．rule D．experience 33．A．because of B．up to C．as for D．along with 34．A．come B．fly C．shine D．go 35．A．heavily B．probably C．wisely D．hardly 四、阅读理解 （2024河南洛阳一模）The cost of raising a child is highest in South Korea and China, according to a new report by Beijings YuWa Population Research Institute. The institute compared costs using different countriesGDP per person. GDP per person is the total value of all the work done and things made in a country in one year, divided by the number of people who live there. And the report said the average cost of raising a child in South Korea to the age of 18 is 7.8 times the countrys GDP per person. In China, the average cost of raising a child is about $75,000, which is more than 6. 3 times the GDP per person. Its even more expensive to raise a child in Chinese cities, with an average cost of almost $94,000. South Korea and China both have very low birth rates. South Koreas is the lowest in the world and with those costs, it might be easy to see why. Japan also has a low birth rate, but it costs about 4.3 times the GDP per person to raise a child there. Its 4.1 times in the US, and 2.1 times in Australia. But its not only money that parents have to spend its time too. And this is another reason young people are choosing not to have children, according to the institute. For example, it said that in China, between 2010 and 2018, the amount of time parents spent helping their children with elementary school homework increased from less than four hours to almost six hours per week. 36．Whats the average cost of raising a child to the age of 18 in China? A．About $75,000 B．About $94,000 C．About $47,250 D．About $11,904 37．What country has the lowest birth rate in the world? A．Japan B．South Korea C．China D．It doesnt mention 38．How much time do parents in China spend helping their elementary school kids with homework per week? A．four hours B．six hours C．Ten hours D．Almost six hours 39．What would the writer go on talking about next? A．Why young people are choosing not to have children? B．Parents have to spend more time helping their children with elementary school homework. C．Children nowadays have too much pressure in China and South Korea. D．Between 2010 and 2018, the amount of time parents spent on working to make money increased a lot. 40．Whats the best title of this passage? A．Young People are Choosing not to Have Children. B．Raising a Child Costs Most. C．The Economy in China and South Korea. D．The Elementary School Homework Increased in South Korea and China. （2025江西吉安二模）On October 9th, Hurricane (飓风) Milton became the 5th hurricane to hit the United States in 2024. Big storms like this are happening more often and are getting stronger. So, meteorologists (气象学家) are working hard to predict (预测) them. AI is playing an important role in this work. For years, meteorologists have used computers to make models of storms. They use information from planes and satellites (人造卫星). It takes those models hours to create predictions. But AI models use lots of data (数据) from past storms to find patterns (模式). They can find rules that most humans cant. And they can do this very quickly. This year, AI models made accurate (精确的) predictions about storms in just seconds, sometimes even days before they happened. One AI program called GraphCast correctly predicted that Hurricane Beryl would hit Texas on July 8th, while a traditional model predicted it would hit Mexico. GraphCast was right, and the team behind it won an engineering prize. In September, another AI program called AIFS predicted the path of Hurricane Francine as it hit Louisiana. Because it was so accurate, Matt Lanza, a meteorologist in Houston, Texas, felt confident about telling people in Texas that the storm wouldnt be a problem for them. It was really amazing,Lanza said. Even though AI is helpful and has made significantsuccesses, its not perfect. Lanza said that AI models have trouble predicting how strong a storm will be and how much rain will fall. Thats why meteorologists need to use AI along with other tools. Were not just letting AI make the forecasts (预报),he said. 41．How does the writer start the passage? A．By making a study. B．By asking questions. C．By listing some numbers. D．By showing an example. 42．How are AI models different from traditional models according to Paragraph 2? A．AI models are faster at creating predictions. B．AI models need information only from satellites. C．AI models need more data to make predictions. D．It takes longer for AI models to give more accurate results. 43．What does the underlined word significantin Paragraph 5 mean? A．Quite peaceful. B．Very convenient. C．Very important. D．Quite nervous. 44．How will the future use of AI in weather prediction be? A．It wont get any better than it is now. B．It will be more accurate but still needs help from humans. C．It will do all the work and replace human meteorologists. D．It will only be used for predicting hurricanes, not other weather events. 45．What would be the best structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 五、选词填空 （2024山东德州三模）读下面的短文，根据短文内容，从下面方框内所给11个词中选择10个意义相符的词，必要时进行词形变化，填空白处，每空一词。 put, big, safe, three, neighbor, whenever, poor, exact, away, he, couple Guo Shugao is a mailman in Changsha, Hunan. Recently, he helped put out a fire in an old neighborhood. The accident happened at around 10: 00 am on October 11. Guo was sending newspapers in the Wangyuehu community when he saw smoke rising from a kitchen on the 46 floor of a building. Guo has worked there for over 10 years, so he knew 47 that the fire was from the kitchen of an old coupleLiu Jianjun and her husband. Community workers and 48 there also noticed the fire and called 119. They knocked on the 49 door, but no one answered. What was worse, the fire was even 50 . Worrying about the old couples 51 . Guo rushed to that floor without a second thought. He braced (固定) 52 between the pipes (管道) on the outer wall so that he could free his hands to use a fire extinguisher (灭火器). Finally, the fire 53 out. With 54 hearing, 92-year-old Liu didnt know anything about the process until others put out the fire. She forgot to turn the gas off when finishing cooking, which caused the fire. Her husband has trouble moving around, so they failed to answer the door. Liu wrote a three-page letter to express her thanks to Guo. Its nothing worth mentioning. I will always help out 55 I can,Guo said. 17 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题10 八上Modules9－12（复习讲义）（外研版教材梳理） 目 录 01·考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02·思维导图·网络构建 3 03·考点通关·靶向突破 4 考点1 重点词汇 4 考点2 易混词辨析 9 考点3 重点句型 14 考点4 重点语法 17 04·优题精选·练能提分 18 考点 课标要求 复习目标 重点单词 · 掌握重点词汇： · 名词： noise, report, billion, notes, problem, birth, flat, rubbish, pollution, service, pupil, environment, cloud, shower, snow, storm, temperature, degree, cap, chess, set, chopstick, toy, video, gift, surprise, difference, month, sandwich, chip, gentleman, shoulder, broken, glass, stairs, aid, first aid, medical, bottom, trouble, lift, training, earthquake, inside, window, power · 动词：prepare, increase, cause, grow, reduce, create, solve, snow, joke, wish, accept, stay, taste, lift, drop, cover, warn, keep, clear, imagine · 形容词：huge, quiet, local, public, convenient, cloudy, rainy, snowy, sunny, windy, thick, wet, terrible, serious, wrong, harmful, calm, brave, helpful, clear 1.重点词汇会写会用 2. 易混词会在不同语境中熟练应用 3. 熟练运用if条件状语从句 4. 熟练运用被动语态 易混词辨析 · 掌握cause / reason, problem / question, noise / voice / sound, neither / either / both / all, wish / hope, probably / maybe, surprise / surprised / surprising, immediately / at once, accept / receive, for example / such as, must / have to, drop / fall, make sure / be sure等易混词辨析 重点句型 · 掌握询问天气的句型 · 掌握表“没有足够的……去做某事”的句型 · 掌握用于询问某人或某物怎么了的句型 · 掌握what/how引导感叹句的句型 重点语法 · 掌握冠词 · 掌握情态动词 · 掌握祈使句 命题预测 单项选择主要考查易混词辨析、冠词用法、情态动词用法、祈使句结构以及what/how引导的感叹句句型，同时结合询问天气、询问状况等情景交际句型设题；完形填空侧重各类核心名词、动词、形容词在语境中的理解与运用，融合易混词语境区分、固定句型和基础语法进行综合考查；语法填空重点考查核心词汇的拼写与变形、情态动词和冠词的正确使用，并结合补全对话考查句型运用能力；句型转换围绕询问天气、表达“没有足够的……去做某事”、询问某人或某物怎么了以及感叹句改写等内容展开；选词填空则以易混词辨析、固定搭配、形容词语境选择为主，全面检测词汇、句型与语法的综合运用能力。 考点1 重点词汇 1. wait 【教材原句】I'm waiting for the bus. 【主要用法】作不及物动词，意为等待，不能直接接宾语，必须搭配介词for使用，构成wait for sb./sth.等待某人/某物。可用于现在进行时表示此刻正在等待，也可用于一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的等待动作，是时态和固定搭配的双重考点。 【例句】 · I wait for my mother at the school gate every day. 我每天在校门口等我的妈妈。 · She is waiting for you at the park entrance now. 她现在正在公园门口等你。 2. take 【教材原句】We're taking lots of photos. 【主要用法】作及物动词，词义丰富，核心含义有拍照、乘坐、花费、拿走。固定搭配take photos拍照，take a bus/train乘坐公交/火车，It takes sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间，take away拿走。可用于多种时态，现在分词为taking。 【例句】 · They take a lot of photos in the zoo on weekends. 他们周末在动物园拍很多照片。 · It takes me half an hour to walk to school every day. 我每天步行上学要花半个小时。 3. leave 【教材原句】They are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 【主要用法】作动词，意为离开、动身、遗留。固定搭配leave A for B离开A地前往B地，leave for+目的地动身去某地，leave sth.+地点把某物落在某地。可用现在进行时表示将来计划好的动作，过去式和过去分词为left，是不规则动词高频考点。 【例句】 · He leaves home at seven o'clock every morning. 他每天早上七点离开家。 · Don't leave your schoolbag on the playground. 不要把你的书包落在操场上。 4. enjoy 【教材原句】We enjoy the school trip a lot. 【主要用法】作及物动词，意为喜欢、享受、过得愉快。后只能接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，不能接不定式，固定搭配enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事，enjoy oneself玩得开心，相当于have a good time。 【例句】 · They enjoy reading storybooks in the evening. 他们喜欢在晚上看故事书。 · We all enjoy ourselves at the birthday party. 我们在生日派对上都玩得很开心。 5. prepare 【教材原句】We are preparing for the exam. 【主要用法】作动词，意为准备、筹备。及物动词时prepare sth.准备某物；不及物动词时prepare for sth.为某事做准备；固定搭配prepare sb. for sth.使某人为某事做好准备，prepare to do sth.准备做某事。名词形式为preparation，常用make preparations for为……做准备。 【例句】 · She prepares her English lessons carefully every evening. 她每天晚上认真准备她的英语课。 · All the students are preparing for the coming sports meeting. 所有学生都在为即将到来的运动会做准备。 6. cause 【教材原句】Carelessness causes accidents. 【主要用法】可作动词和名词。作动词时意为造成、引起、导致，后接结果作宾语，固定搭配cause sb. sth.给某人带来某物，cause sb. to do sth.导致某人做某事；作名词时意为原因、起因，固定搭配the cause of……的原因，与reason含义相近但侧重导致坏事的原因。 【例句】 · Heavy rain causes the flood in the small village. 大雨导致了这个小村庄的洪水。 · The cause of the fire is still unknown. 火灾的原因目前还不清楚。 7. problem 【教材原句】We must solve the problem quickly. 【主要用法】作可数名词，意为问题、难题、麻烦。特指需要动手解决、处理的困难或难题，固定搭配solve the problem解决问题，work out the problem算出难题。与question易混淆，question侧重需要回答的问题，搭配answer the question。 【例句】 · He can solve this difficult math problem easily. 他能轻松解出这道数学难题。 · Pollution is a big social problem in the world. 污染是世界上一个重大的社会问题。 8. keep 【教材原句】Keep quiet, please. 【主要用法】作及物动词，过去式和过去分词为kept，词义多样。核心用法：保持某种状态，keep+形容词；持续做某事，keep doing sth.；保留、保存某物；饲养。固定搭配keep healthy保持健康，keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事，keep away from远离。 【例句】 · We must keep our classroom clean and tidy every day. 我们必须每天保持教室干净整洁。 · If you keep practicing speaking English, you will make progress. 如果你坚持练习说英语，你就会取得进步。 9. warn 【教材原句】The teacher warns us not to be late. 【主要用法】作及物动词，意为警告、告诫、提醒。固定搭配warn sb. (not) to do sth.警告某人（不要）做某事，warn sb. about/of sth.警告某人某事/提防某物。名词形式为warning，意为警告、警示，是安全、规则类话题的高频词。 【例句】 · The police warn drivers not to drive after drinking wine. 警察警告司机不要酒后驾车。 · My parents always warn me about the danger of the river. 我的父母总是提醒我这条河的危险。 10. harmful 【教材原句】Smoking is harmful to health. 【主要用法】作形容词，意为有害的，由名词harm加后缀-ful构成。固定搭配be harmful to sb./sth.对某人/某物有害，同义短语do harm to sb./sth.。反义词为harmless无害的，是环保、健康类写作和阅读的核心词汇。 【例句】 · Eating too much junk food is harmful to our health. 吃太多垃圾食品对我们的健康有害。 · Light pollution is harmful to people's eyes. 光污染对人们的眼睛有害。 11. surprise 【教材原句】The news is a big surprise. 【主要用法】可作名词、动词和形容词。作名词意为惊喜、意外之事，固定搭配to one's surprise令某人惊讶的是；作动词意为使惊讶，surprise sb.让某人吃惊；形容词形式为surprised（修饰人）、surprising（修饰物）。 【例句】 · To my great surprise, he can speak three languages. 令我十分惊讶的是，他会说三种语言。 · The result of the exam surprises all the students. 考试结果让所有学生都很吃惊。 12. accept 【教材原句】He can't accept the gift. 【主要用法】作及物动词，意为接受、收下、同意。侧重主观上愿意接受，后可接礼物、邀请、建议、事实等作宾语。易与receive混淆，receive仅指客观上收到，不涉及是否愿意接受，固定搭配accept one's invitation接受邀请。 【例句】 · She accepts my invitation to the English party happily. 她开心地接受了我去英语派对的邀请。 · I receive a letter but I don't accept it. 我收到了一封信，但我没有接受它。 13. grow 【教材原句】Plants grow well in spring. 【主要用法】作动词，过去式grew，过去分词grown，为不规则动词。核心含义：生长、成长；逐渐变得；种植。固定搭配grow up长大成人，grow into长成，grow up to be长大后成为，grow vegetables种植蔬菜，可用于描述人、植物、数量的变化。 【例句】 · All the plants grow well in warm spring. 所有植物在温暖的春天长得很好。 · He wants to grow up to be a doctor in the future. 他将来长大后想成为一名医生。 14. celebrate 【教材原句】We celebrate Spring Festival every year. 【主要用法】作及物动词，意为庆祝、庆贺，后接节日、生日、胜利等作宾语。固定搭配celebrate sth. with sb.和某人一起庆祝某事，名词形式为celebration，意为庆祝活动，固定搭配have a celebration举行庆祝活动。 【例句】 · We celebrate Mid-Autumn Festival with our family every year. 我们每年都和家人一起庆祝中秋节。 · They celebrate their victory with a big party. 他们举办盛大派对庆祝胜利。 15. clean 【教材原句】We are cleaning the classroom now. 【主要用法】可作动词、形容词和副词。作动词意为打扫、清洁，后接地点或物品；作形容词意为干净的、整洁的，反义词dirty；固定搭配clean up彻底打扫，keep clean保持干净，clean out清理干净。可用于各种时态，现在分词为cleaning。 【例句】 · We clean the classroom carefully after school every day. 我们每天放学后认真打扫教室。 · It's important for us to keep our hands clean. 保持双手干净对我们来说很重要。 1．（2025·湖北武汉·二模）—Did you catch the train this morning? —No, it came 20 minutes late, but the ride was so comfortable and worth the ________. A．money B．wait C．risk D．work 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你今天早上赶上火车了吗？——不，它晚了20分钟，但是乘车很舒服，值得等待。 考查名词辨析。money钱；wait等待；risk危险；work工作。根据“it came 20 minutes late, but the ride was so comfortable and worth the ….”可知，此处是指火车值得等待。故选B。 2．（2025·江西抚州·模拟预测）—Do you know where my camera is? —Oh, your sister ________ photos with it. A．took B．is taking C．was taking D．has taken 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道我的相机在哪里吗？——哦，你的妹妹正在用它拍照。 考查现在进行时。took一般过去时；is taking现在进行时；was taking过去进行时；has taken现在完成时。根据“Do you know where my camera is?”并结合语境可知，此处指正在用相机拍照，时态为现在进行时。故选B。 3．（2025·海南海口·模拟预测）Little Tom likes cars. He enjoys ________ different kinds of model cars. A．collect B．collecting C．to collect 【答案】B 【详解】句意：小汤姆喜欢汽车。他喜欢收集不同种类的模型汽车。 考查非谓语。根据enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”可知，此处应用动名词collecting。故选B。 4．（2025·甘肃临夏·一模）— Sometimes it is necessary to keep ________ in our daily lives. — Yes, lots of troubles are caused by speaking too much. A．tiny B．ugly C．silent D．thankful 【答案】C 【详解】句意：—— 在日常生活中，有时保持沉默是有必要的。 —— 是的，很多麻烦都是因为说得太多而引起的。 考查形容词辨析。tiny微小的；ugly丑陋的；silent安静的；thankful感谢的。根据“Yes, lots of troubles are caused by speaking too much.”可知，答者同意说话者的看法，并说很多麻烦因说得太多引起，所以有时需保持沉默。故选C。 5．（2025·上海徐汇·二模）________ his surprise, Peter opened the box and found the pet kitten he had always wanted. A．In B．To C．At D．Of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：令他惊喜的是，Peter打开盒子，发现了他一直想要的宠物小猫。 考查介词短语。In在……里面；To朝向；At在，加时刻或小地点；Of……的。to one’s surprise意为“令某人惊讶的是”，故选B。 考点2 易混词辨析 1. cause/reason 【易混淆辨析】cause侧重导致事件发生的直接起因，可作动词表示造成、引起，常搭配the cause of；reason侧重解释行为的理由、道理，仅作名词，常搭配the reason for或reason why。 【例句】 · Carelessness is the cause of the accident. 粗心是这场事故的起因。 · Tell me the reason for your being late. 告诉我你迟到的理由。 2. problem/question 【易混淆辨析】problem指需要解决的难题、麻烦，常与solve、settle搭配使用；question指需要回答的疑问、问题，常与ask、answer搭配使用。 【例句】 · We should try to solve the difficult problem. 我们应该尽力解决这个难题。 · He wants to ask a very simple question. 他想问一个很简单的问题。 3. noise/voice/sound 【易混淆辨析】noise指嘈杂、令人不适的噪音；voice专指人的说话声、嗓音、歌声；sound是泛指，指自然界中一切可以听到的声音。 【例句】 · Don’t make so much noise in the classroom. 不要在教室里制造这么多噪音。 · Her voice sounds very sweet and beautiful. 她的嗓音听起来非常甜美动听。 4. neither/either/both/all 【易混淆辨析】neither指两者都不，谓语动词常用单数；either指两者中的任意一个，谓语动词常用单数；both指两者都，谓语动词用复数；all指三者及以上都，可修饰可数或不可数名词。 【例句】 · Neither answer is right in this question. 这个问题的两个答案都不对。 · Both of my sisters like listening to music. 我的两个姐姐都喜欢听音乐。 5. wish/hope 【易混淆辨析】wish常表示难以实现的愿望，可接虚拟语气，也可用于祝福；hope表示有可能实现的希望，后接真实的从句或不定式，不接双宾语。 【例句】 · I wish I could live on the moon one day. 我希望有一天能住在月球上。 · I hope to visit your school next week. 我希望下周能参观你们学校。 6. probably/maybe 【易混淆辨析】probably是副词，可能性较强，多用于句中；maybe是副词，可能性较弱，多用于句首，二者都用来表示不确定的推测。 【例句】 · It will probably be sunny tomorrow. 明天很有可能是晴天。 · Maybe we can go to the park after school. 也许我们放学后可以去公园。 7. surprise/surprised/surprising 【易混淆辨析】surprise可作名词表示惊喜，也可作动词表示使惊讶；surprised是形容词，修饰人，表示感到惊讶的；surprising是形容词，修饰事物，表示令人惊讶的。 【例句】 · To my surprise, he passed the exam easily. 令我惊讶的是，他轻松通过了考试。 · The result is very surprising to all of us. 这个结果对我们所有人来说都很意外。 8. immediately/at once 【易混淆辨析】immediately为正式副词，意为立刻、马上，位置灵活；at once为口语短语，意为立刻、当即，一般放在句末使用。 【例句】 · Please go home immediately after school. 放学后请立刻回家。 · You must finish your homework at once. 你必须马上完成你的作业。 9. accept/receive 【易混淆辨析】accept强调主观上愿意接受、认可；receive仅强调客观上收到、接到，不涉及是否接受的态度。 【例句】 · I received a letter yesterday but didn’t accept it. 我昨天收到一封信但没有接受。 · She will accept your kind help happily. 她会开心地接受你善意的帮助。 10. for example/such as 【易混淆辨析】for example用来举例，通常举一例，用逗号隔开，位置灵活；such as用来列举同类事物，可多个并列，直接接名词，多用于句中。 【例句】 · Some students, for example, Tom, are very hard-working. 有些学生，比如汤姆，学习非常努力。 · I like sports such as running and swimming. 我喜欢跑步和游泳这类运动。 11. must/have to 【易混淆辨析】must强调主观上认为必须、应该，否定形式mustn’t表示禁止；have to强调客观条件迫使不得不，否定形式don’t have to表示不必。 【例句】 · You must follow the school rules every day. 你必须每天遵守校规。 · I have to get up early to catch the early bus. 我不得不早起赶早班车。 12. drop/fall 【易混淆辨析】drop可作及物动词，表示主动放下或意外掉落，可接宾语；fall是不及物动词，表示自然下落、跌倒，不能直接接宾语。 【例句】 · Be careful not to drop the glass on the ground. 小心别把杯子掉在地上。 · The leaves fall down from the trees in autumn. 秋天树叶从树上落下来。 13. make sure/be sure 【易混淆辨析】make sure强调动作，指确保、核实某事；be sure强调状态，指确信、有把握做某事。 【例句】 · Please make sure all the lights are off. 请确保所有的灯都关掉。 · I am sure that you can learn English well. 我确信你能学好英语。 1．（2020·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·模拟预测）________ what way did you work out the Maths _____? A．In, problem B．By, problem C．In, question D．By, question 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你以哪种方式解开了那道数学题？ 考查介词和名词辨析。in在……；by通过；problem问题，可用于有待解决的问题；question问题，指有待回答的问题。第一空固定搭配“以什么方式 in what way”；第二空表示数学习题，用problem。故选A。 2．（22-23九年级上·全国·课后作业）—Did you hear any strange ________ when the earthquake happened? —No, I was in my garden enjoying the beautiful ________ of my birds at that time. A．voice; noise B．noise; sound C．voice; sound D．sound; voice 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——当地震发生的时候，你听见一些奇怪的声音吗？——不，当时我在花园里享受着我鸟儿美妙的声音。 考查名词辨析。voice嗓音；noise噪音；sound自然界的一切声音。空一是指自然界的一切声音，用sound，空二是指鸟叫的声音用voice。故选D。 3．（2026·上海奉贤·一模）—Which sweater do you prefer, the red one or the blue one? —______ is OK. I don’t mind the colour as long as it feels comfortable. A．Both B．Either C．Neither D．All 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你更喜欢哪件毛衣，红色的还是蓝色的？——哪一个都可以。只要穿起来舒服，我不介意颜色。 考查代词辨析。Both两者都；Either两者中任意一个；Neither两者都不；All三者及以上全都。根据“I don’t mind the colour as long as it feels comfortable.”可知，此处表达的是两者中任意一个都可以，所以用Either。故选B。 4．（25-26九年级上·安徽宣城·期末）Tom ________ a book from his classmate, but he didn’t ________ it because it was too thick. A．received; accept B．accepted; receive C．accepted; accept D．received; receive 【答案】A 【详解】句意：汤姆从他同学那里收到了一本书，但他没有接受它，因为它太厚了。 考查动词辨析。receive收到，强调客观收到某物这一动作或事实；accept接受，强调主观上同意、认可或接纳。根据“a book from his classmate”和“but...because it was too thick.”可知，第一空表示客观“收到”了书，应用received；第二空表示因书太厚而主观上“没有接受”，应用accept。故选A。 5．（20-21九年级·吉林长春·单元测试）The teacher ________ Tom to pass the English exam. A．wishes B．hopes C．will wish D．will hope 【答案】A 【详解】句意：老师希望Tom通过英语考试。 考查动词辨析及时态。根据“Tom to pass the English exam.”可知，此处是固定用法wish sb. to do sth. 意为“希望某人做某事，没有hope sb. to do sth. 这一结构，且根据语境知应用一般现在时。此空应填wishes，故选A。 考点3 重点句型 1. The population of 【重点句型】The population of + 地点 + was/were + 数字 + in + 年份.，表某地在某一年的人口数量；也可用a city with a population of...表“有……人口的城市”，population作主语时谓语动词常用单数。 【例句】 · The world's population was about 7.8 billion in 2020. 2020年世界人口约为78亿。 · Arnwick was a city with a population of 10,000,000. 阿恩威克是一座拥有1000万人口的城市。 2. There be enough to do 【重点句型】There aren't enough + 名词 + to do sth.，表“没有足够的……去做某事”，enough修饰名词时可放名词前后，修饰形容词/副词时必须放其后。 【例句】 · There aren't enough people to do all the jobs in low birth rate countries. 在低出生率国家，没有足够的人去做所有的工作。 · There isn't enough time to finish the homework before dinner. 晚饭前没有足够的时间完成作业。 3. 询问天气句型 【重点句型】What's the weather like in + 地点? / How's the weather in + 地点?，用于询问某地天气，回答常用It's + 天气形容词或It might + 动词原形。 【例句】 · What's the weather like in America in winter, Betty? 贝蒂，美国冬天的天气怎么样？ · How's the weather in Beijing today? 今天北京的天气怎么样？ 4. not just but... 【重点句型】not just...but...表“不仅……而且……”，侧重强调后者，可连接并列的名词、形容词或动词短语，相当于not only...but also...。 【例句】 · Afternoon tea is not just a drink but a light meal at around 4 pm. 下午茶不仅是一种饮品，更是下午四点左右的一顿便餐。 · She is not just a teacher but a good friend to her students 对她的学生来说，她不仅是一位老师，更是一位好朋友。 5. had better not 【重点句型】You'd better not + 动词原形.，表“你最好不要做某事”，是had better do sth.的否定形式，用于委婉提建议。 【例句】 · You'd better not have your hair cut during the Spring Festival month. 正月里你最好不要理发。 · You'd better not stay up too late before the exam. 考试前你最好不要熬夜太晚。 6. What should we do 【重点句型】What should we do + 介词短语?，用于询问“在……情况下我们应该做什么”，should表“应该”，用于提建议或问对策。 【例句】 · What should we do before help arrives? 在救援到来之前我们应该做什么？ · What should we do in an earthquake? 地震中我们应该做什么？ 7. First of all 【重点句型】First of all, + 句子.，表“首先……”，用于分步骤说明或列举，强调第一步的重要性，后续可接Then/Next/Finally等词。 【例句】 · First of all, find out what's wrong with the boy lying on the stairs. 首先，弄清楚躺在楼梯上的男孩怎么了。 · First of all, you should keep calm when you are in danger. 首先，遇到危险时你应该保持冷静。 8. have trouble doing 【重点句型】have trouble (in) doing sth.，表“做某事有困难”，in可省略，也可接have trouble with sth.表“在某方面有困难”。 【例句】 · He could have trouble hearing you or speaking to you after the accident. 事故后他可能听不清你说话，也无法和你交流。 · I have trouble learning English grammar well these days. 这些天我在学好英语语法方面有困难。 9. such that 【重点句型】such + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + that + 句子.，表“如此……以至于……”，such修饰名词，可数名词单数需加a/an；修饰形容词/副词用so...that...。 【例句】 · That's such good advice that you could be a doctor, Betty! 贝蒂，这是如此好的建议，你都可以当医生了！ · It was such a heavy rain that we couldn't go out to play. 雨下得如此大，以至于我们不能出去玩。 10. Me neither句型 【重点句型】Me neither. 用于口语，表“我也不……/我也没……”，对应前文的否定情况，相当于Neither do I / Neither have I等，与Me too（表肯定）相对。 【例句】 I don't like the weather. It's too cold. 我不喜欢这样的天气，太冷了。 Me neither. 我也不喜欢。 I haven't seen the film. 我没看过这部电影。 Me neither. 我也没看过。 11. Here/There倒装句型 【重点句型】Here/There + be + 名词. 是倒装句，主要起强调作用，主语是名词时倒装；若主语是人称代词，则不倒装。 【例句】 Here's your gift. 这是给你的礼物。 There comes the bus. 公交车来了。 12. what/how引导感叹句句型 【重点句型】what引导感叹句修饰名词，结构为What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 可数名词单数/复数/不可数名词 + (主语 + 谓语)!；how引导感叹句修饰形容词/副词，结构为How + 形容词/副词 + (主语 + 谓语)!。 【例句】 What a wonderful day! 多么美好的一天啊！ How fast China is developing! 中国发展得多快啊！ 13. What's wrong with...?句型 【重点句型】What's wrong with...? 用于询问某人或某物怎么了、出了什么毛病，同义句型还有What's the matter with...? / What's the trouble with...? / What happens/happened to...?。 【例句】 What's wrong with you? 你怎么了？ What's wrong with your watch? 你的手表怎么了？ 1．（2022·黑龙江鸡西·模拟预测）The population of China is ________ than ________ of India. A．more; that B．larger; that C．larger; the one 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国的人口比印度的多。 考查形容词比较级以及代词辨析。more更多的；larger更大的。修饰人口多少要用large或small，排除A选项。比较级的句子中用that指代population，故选B。 2．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测）Betty did pretty well in her exam. She was ________ to pay attention to every detail (细节). A．enough careful B．carefully enough C．careful enough 【答案】C 【详解】句意：贝蒂在考试中表现得相当出色。她足够细心，注意到了每一个细节。 考查形容词作表语和enough后置。根据“was”可知，空处用形容词作表语，排除B选项；enough修饰形容词或副词时，应放在形容词或副词的后面。故选C。 3．（2024·西藏昌都·一模）—What is the weather like today? —_________. A．It’s Monday B．It’s right C．It’s sunny D．It’s October 1st 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——今天的天气怎么样？——阳光明媚。 考查情景交际。It’s Monday星期一；It’s right这是正确的；It’s sunny阳光明媚；It’s October 1st今天十月一日。根据“What is the weather like today?”可知，谈论天气，故选C。 4．（2023·福建福州·一模）You had better not _______ in the sun. A．read B．to read C．reading 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你最好不要在阳光下看书。 考查情态动词后接动词原形。read读，动词原形；to read不定式；reading动名词/现在分词。had betternot.do sth“最好不要做某事”固定搭配，填动词原形read。故选A。 5．（25-26九年级上·江苏常州·期末）The dance was ________ popular that ________ many people posted their short videos on the Internet. A．so; so B．such; so C．such; such D．so; such 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个舞蹈如此受欢迎，以至于如此多的人把他们的短视频发布到了网上。 考查so/such的用法辨析。so如此，修饰形容词或副词；such这样的，修饰名词（常接“a/an+形容词+名词”或“形容词+复数/不可数名词”）。第一空后popular是形容词，应用so；第二空后many people中many修饰复数名词，固定搭配“so many+复数名词”表示“如此多……”。故选A。 考点4 重点语法 一、冠词 【语法概述】冠词是置于名词前，用于限定名词含义的虚词，分为不定冠词（a/an）、定冠词（the）和零冠词（不用冠词）三类，主要帮助说明名词所指的人或事物是泛指还是特指。 【用法】 1、不定冠词 a/an · 表泛指“一个”，用于可数名词单数前：a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前，an 用于元音音素开头的单词前。 · 表“某一”，指不明确的人或事物。 · 用于固定搭配中，如 a few, a lot of 等。 2、定冠词 the · 表特指，指双方都知道的人或事物，或上文提到过的人或事物。 · 用于独一无二的事物前（如 the sun, the earth）、序数词和形容词最高级前、江河湖海/山脉/乐器等专有名词前。 3、零冠词 · 用于复数名词表泛指、不可数名词表泛指、三餐/球类/学科/季节/月份/星期等名词前。 · 用于称呼语、职位头衔前，以及固定搭配中。 【例句】 · I have an apple and a pear. 我有一个苹果和一个梨。 · The book on the desk is mine. 桌子上的那本书是我的。 · We have breakfast at 7 o'clock. 我们七点吃早饭。 二、情态动词（may, might, can, must, need, have to） 【语法概述】情态动词是表示说话人语气、情态的动词，无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，主要表达许可、能力、义务、推测、必要性等含义。 【用法】 （1）may / might may：表许可（可以）、推测（可能），语气较委婉；might 是 may 的过去式，语气更委婉，表推测时可能性更低。 否定形式：may not（可能不），might not（可能不）；一般疑问句：May I...?（我可以……吗？）。 （2）can 表能力（能、会）、许可（可以）、推测（可能，多用于否定句/疑问句）。 否定形式：can not / can't（不能）；过去式 could，语气更委婉，可用于礼貌请求。 （3）must 表义务（必须）、推测（一定，肯定，仅用于肯定句），语气最强。 否定形式：mustn't（禁止，不准），表“不必”时用 needn't / don't have to。 （4）need 表“需要”，作情态动词时仅用于否定句/疑问句，后接动词原形；作实义动词时有人称和数变化，后接 to do sth.。 否定形式：needn't（不必）。 （5）have to 表“不得不”，强调客观需要，有人称和数变化（has to / had to），后接动词原形；否定形式：don't / doesn't / didn't have to（不必）。 【例句】 · May I use your pen? 我可以用你的钢笔吗？ · He might be late for the meeting. 他可能会开会迟到。 · I can swim. 我会游泳。 · You must finish your homework first. 你必须先完成作业。 · You needn't come here early tomorrow. 你明天不必早来这里。 · I have to take the bus to work because my bike is broken. 我不得不坐公交上班，因为我的自行车坏了。 三、祈使句 【语法概述】祈使句是用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等语气的句子，通常省略主语 you，以动词原形开头，语气可强可弱。 【用法】 肯定祈使句：以动词原形开头，如 Sit down.（坐下）；也可在句首加 Please 使语气更委婉。 否定祈使句：在动词原形前加 Don't，如 Don't run in the hallway.（不要在走廊里跑）；禁止性祈使句可用 No + 动名词，如 No smoking.（禁止吸烟）。 强调祈使句：在动词原形前加 Do，如 Do be careful!（一定要小心！）。 【例句】 · Please open the window. 请打开窗户。 · Don't be late for class. 上课不要迟到。 · No parking here. 此处禁止停车。 四、情态动词表推测（must, can, could） 【语法概述】情态动词 must, can, could 可用于对现在或过去的情况进行推测，语气强弱和使用场景不同，核心区别在于肯定/否定/疑问的适用范围。 【用法】 must：表“一定、肯定”，语气最强，仅用于肯定句，否定推测用 can't。 can：表“可能”，多用于否定句/疑问句，表推测时语气较强；can't 表“不可能”，语气肯定。 could：表“可能”，语气比 can 委婉，可用于肯定句/否定句/疑问句，推测可能性比 can 弱。 【例句】 · The light is on, so he must be at home. 灯亮着，所以他一定在家。 · That can't be true. 那不可能是真的。 · It could rain this afternoon. 今天下午可能会下雨。 1．（2026·四川达州·模拟预测）—Well, the next topic we plan to discuss is about ________ African country, the Democratic Republic of the Congo. —I know that ________ economy here is very backward. A．an; an B．an; the C．a; the 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——嗯，我们计划讨论的下一个话题是关于一个非洲国家，刚果民主共和国。——我知道这里的经济非常落后。 考查冠词用法。an一个（用于元音音素开头的单词前）；the这个/那个（表示特指）；a一个（用于辅音音素开头的单词前）。结合语句“Well, the next topic we plan to discuss is about … African country, Zaire.”可知，“African”以元音音素开头，第一次提到这个国家用不定冠词“an”；结合语句“I know that … economy here is very backward.”可知，此处特指刚果民主共和国的经济，用定冠词“the”，故选B。 2．（2026·四川南充·模拟预测）—Have you seen ________ wallet? I left it here yesterday. —Is it ________ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. A．a, the B．the, the C．the, a D．a, a 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你见过一个钱包吗？我昨天把它落在这儿了。——是一个黑色的吗？我想我在某个地方看到过。 考查冠词。a一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前，表泛指；an一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前，表泛指； the这/那，表特指。根据“Have you seen...wallet?”可知，你见过“一个”钱包吗？此处表泛指，没有特指某一个特定的钱包，所以使用不定冠词a；根据“Is it...black one? I think I saw it somewhere.”可知，是“一个”黑色的吗？此处也表泛指，不确定是不是对方丢失的那一个，所以使用不定冠词a。故选D。 3．（2026·上海长宁·一模）John began to ride his bike to school alone when he was ________ 11-year-old boy. A．/ B．a C．an D．the 【答案】C 【详解】句意：约翰在11岁时开始独自骑自行车上学。 考查冠词。/零冠词；a一个，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；the这个/那个，表特指。此处表示“一个11岁的男孩”，且“11”的英文“eleven”以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故选C。 4．（2026·上海普陀·一模）You ________ take down everything the teacher says. Just get the main points. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．couldn’t D．won’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你不必记下老师说的每句话，只要抓住要点就行。 考查情态动词辨析。mustn’t禁止；needn’t不必；couldn’t不能；won’t不会。根据“只要抓住要点就行”可知，前句表示“不必记下所有内容”，强调不必。故选B。 5．（2026·上海奉贤·一模）With the online ticket booking app, we ________ wait in long lines to buy train tickets. A．can’t B．shouldn’t C．had better not D．needn’t 【答案】D 【详解】句意：有了网上订票应用，我们不必排长队买火车票了。 考查情态动词辨析。can’t不能；shouldn’t不应该；had better not最好不要；needn’t不必。根据“With the online ticket booking app”可知，有了网上订票应用，所以“我们不必排长队买火车票了”，因此此处应该用needn’t。故选D。 6．（2026·上海闵行·一模）We’ve already booked the train tickets. You ________ worry about getting seats any more. A．needn’t B．can’t C．may not D．mustn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们已经订好了火车票，你不必再担心没有座位了。 考查情态动词。needn’t不必；can’t不能；may not可能不；mustn’t禁止。根据“We’ve already booked the train tickets.”可知，车票已订好，因此不需要再担心座位问题，表示“不必”。故选A。 7．（2026·上海黄浦·一模）Follow the instructions strictly, ________ you will damage the engine system. A．so B．or C．and D．but 【答案】B 【详解】句意：严格遵循说明，否则你会损坏发动机系统。 考查连词辨析。so所以；or否则；and和；but但是。根据“Follow the instructions strictly, ... you will damage the engine system.”可知，前半句“严格遵循说明”与后半句“损坏发动机系统”之间是“如果不这样做，就会导致不好结果”的警告关系，应使用表示“否则”的连词or。故选B。 8．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）________ into the rock circle, and you can feel the energy from your feet move up your body. A．To walk B．Walking C．Walk 【答案】C 【详解】句意：走进岩石圈，你能感觉到能量从你的双脚上升到你的身体里。 考查祈使句。此处是结构：祈使句+and+陈述句，祈使句以动词原形开头，故选C。 9．（2025·吉林长春·三模）________ what you have learnt as much as you can, and you’ll be a good learner. A．To practice B．Practicing C．Practiced D．Practice 【答案】D 【详解】句意：尽可能多地练习你所学的东西，你将会成为一个好的学习者。 考查祈使句。根据“...what you have learnt as much as you can, and you’ll be a good learner.”可知，此处是“祈使句+and+陈述句”的结构，祈使句以动词原形开头，所以此处应用动词原形practice。故选D。 10．（2025·福建福州·三模）—_________ a good rest and you will feel much better then. —I hope so. A．Have B．To have C．having 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——好好休息一下，然后你会感觉好很多。——希望如此。 考查祈使句结构。此处是“祈使句+and+陈述句”的固定句型，表示建议或条件关系。空缺处需用动词原形开头构成祈使句。故选A。 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．（2022甘肃一模）Some primary and middle schools have ________(add) winter sports to their courses. 【答案】added 【详解】句意：一些中小学在课程中增加了冬季运动项目。根据have可知，此处用现在完成时，动词用过去分词形式，故填added。 2．（2025重庆巴南一模）The child got angry as soon as he noticed the ______(break) toy car. 【答案】broken 【详解】句意：孩子一注意到这辆坏了的玩具车就生气了。toy car是名词短语，前面需用形容词修饰；break是动词，意为打破，其形容词形式broken表示破损的，坏了的，符合语境。故填broken。 3．（2025江苏淮安二模）Air pollution is ________(harm) to our health. So we should protect our environment. 【答案】harmful 【详解】句意：空气污染对我们健康有害。所以我们应该保护我们的环境。harm为名词，意为伤害，其形容词为harmful，表示有害的，be harmful to 意为对有害；故填harmful。 4．（2024内蒙古鄂尔多斯二模）Too much water is ________in our home every day. Do you have any ideas on how to save it? (waste) 【答案】wasted 【详解】句意：我们家每天都浪费太多的水。你对如何节约用水有什么想法吗？主语water和动词waste浪费之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，根据every day可知，时态是一般现在时，所以此处应用一般现在时的被动语态，结构是：am/is/are+动词过去分词，句中已有be动词is，所以空格处应填waste的过去分词wasted。故填wasted。 5．（2025上海虹口二模）Philip kept the windows closed all day because there was too much ________outside. (noisy) 【答案】noise 【详解】句意：菲利普整天都关着窗户，因为外面太吵了。根据because there was too much可知，空处填不可数名词。noisy的名词是noise噪音，故填noise。 6．（2025广东深圳一模）Lets do our best to find a ________(solve) to the problem. 【答案】solution 【详解】句意：让我们尽最大努力找到一个解决问题的办法。空处位于a后，填可数名词单数作宾语。solve解决，动词，名词为solution解决办法，可数名词。故填solution。 7．（2025甘肃陇南一模）Look at the man! He is in white. He is ________(probable) a doctor. 【答案】probably 【详解】句意：看那个人！他穿着白色的衣服。他可能是个医生。根据He is...a doctor.可知，此处应用副词修饰动词is，表示猜测。probable可能的，形容词，副词形式为probably可能地。故填probably。 8．（2024上海徐汇二模）Can you find one more ________between the two pictures here, Molly? (different) 【答案】difference 【详解】句意：莫莉，你能再找出这两幅画的不同之处吗？one more修饰可数名词单数，故填difference。 9．（2025甘肃武威一模）I felt ________(surprise) at the news. 【答案】surprised 【详解】句意：听到这个消息我感到很惊讶。surprise既可以作名词，意为惊喜；惊讶，也可以作动词，意为使惊奇，在I felt后要用形容词来描述主语的感受；surprised常用来修饰人，表示感到惊讶的，surprised at意为对感到惊讶。故填surprised。 10．（2025江苏无锡二模）We failed again! We had no choice but ________(accept) the result. 【答案】to accept 【详解】句意：我们又失败了！除了接受这个结果，我们别无选择。根据We failed again! We had no choice but...可知，固定结构have no choice but to do sth.表示除了做某事之外别无选择，其中不定式作介词but的宾语。当but前的动词是实义动词do的某种形式（如do，does，did）时，but后可接省略to的不定式；若前无do的某种形式，则需用带to的不定式。此句中had是实义动词have的过去式，且前无do的形式，因此but后要用不定式to accept。故填to accept。 二、单项选择 11．（2025吉林二模）Here is ________ useful Chinese-English dictionary. Is ________ dictionary yours? A．an ; a B．a; the C．an; the 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这是一本实用的汉英词典。这本字典是你的吗？ 考查冠词。an ; a均为不定冠词，表示泛指，前者用于元音音素开头的单词前，后者用于辅音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，特指上文出现过的。根据...useful Chinese-English dictionary可知，此处泛指一本实用的汉英词典，useful为辅音音素开头的单词，用a来修饰；根据Is...dictionary yours?可知，这本字典为上文出现过的，用定冠词the来修饰。故选B。 12．（2021江苏苏州一模）Should I buy two more bags of rice? Too much, _________. A．if you insist B．if you ask me C．you cant miss it D．dont mention it 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我要不要再买两袋米？太多了，如果你问我的话。 考查情景交际。if you insist如果你坚持；if you ask me如果你问我；you cant miss it你不能错过它；dont mention it不要提它。根据Should I buy two more bags of rice?可知，此处应是回答对方的问题，B选项符合语境，故选B。 13．（2021江苏扬州二模）Will little John arrive on time? Im afraid not, ________ the sun rises in the west. A．if B．although C．until D．unless 【答案】D 【详解】句意：小约翰将准时到达吗？恐怕不会，除非太阳从西边升起。 考查从属连词辨析。if如果，引导条件状语从句；although虽然，引导让步状语从句；until直到，引导时间状语从句；unless除非，引导条件状语从句。根据Im afraid not可知，小约翰不会准时到达，此处使用unless引导条件状语从句，表示除非太阳从西边升起，否则他是不会准时到达的。故选D。 14．（2025江苏泰州二模）The weather report says there ________ be a big sandstorm tomorrow. Then we ________ cancel the outdoor activities and stay indoors. A．can; would B．must; need C．might; should D．should; could 【答案】C 【详解】句意：天气预报说明天可能会有一场大沙尘暴。那我们应该取消户外活动，待在室内。 考查情态动词辨析。can能；would将会；must一定；need需要；might可能；should应该；could能够。根据The weather report says可知，明天有大沙尘暴是不确定的推测，第一个空用might；结合语境，因为可能有沙尘暴，所以应该取消户外活动，第二个空用should。故选C。 15．（2025江苏二模）Facing challenges, what we ________ do is to develop ourselves, learn more, embrace new technologies. I cant agree more. A．must B．should C．may D．need 【答案】B 【详解】句意：面对挑战，我们应该做的是发展自己，多学习，拥抱新技术。我完全同意。 考查情态动词辨析。must必须；should应该；may可能；need需要。根据Facing challenges, what we do is to develop ourselves, learn more, embrace new technologies.可知，此处表示建议应该做什么，应用情态动词should。故选B。 16．（25-26九年级上贵州铜仁月考）We should protect Fanjing Mountain, ________ it is home to many rare animals. A．because B．so C．but D．though 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们应该保护梵净山，因为它是许多珍稀动物的家园。 考查连词辨析。because因为；so所以；but但是；though尽管。根据We should protect Fanjing Mountain以及it is home to many rare animals可知，前后句子是因果关系，前果后因，应用because引导原因状语从句。故选A。 17．（24-25九年级下黑龙江哈尔滨开学考试）Studying methods are so important for us students ________ those who have a good studying method can get a higher mark easily, while it is hard for those who dont have a good studying method to get a high mark. A．that B．though C．because 【答案】C 【详解】句意：学习方法对我们学生来说非常重要，因为那些有良好学习方法的人可以轻松获得更高的分数，而没有良好学习方法的人则很难获得高分。 考查连词辨析。that引导从句；though虽然，尽管；because因为。根据句意，前半句说学习方法很重要，后半句解释为什么重要，前后是因果关系，所以应选表示原因的连词because。故选C。 18．（2026江苏南通一模）________ this method doesnt work, lets try another one. A．Since B．Unless C．When D．Although 【答案】A 【详解】句意：既然这个方法不行，我们试试另一个吧。 考查连词辨析。Since自从/既然；Unless除非；When当时；Although尽管。根据this method doesnt work, lets try another one.可知，前后句是因果关系，这个方法不行是后句我们试试另一个的原因，前后句是因果关系，应选用表示原因的连词既然。故选A。 19．（2026福建福州一模）You can complete the task successfully ________ you follow the steps. A．as much as B．as well as C．as long as 【答案】C 【详解】句意：只要你按照步骤来，你就能成功完成这个任务。 考查连词短语辨析。as much as 和一样多；as well as 和一样好，也；as long as 只要。根据句意，前后是条件关系，表示只要按照步骤，就能成功完成任务，应选用表示条件的连词短语as long as。故选C。 20．（2025江苏无锡模拟预测）Learning English in a classroom is important, while using in real ________ will surely improve our language skills. A．positions B．conditions C．situations D．experiences 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在课堂上学英语固然重要，但在真实的情境中运用必将提升我们的语言技能。 本考查名词辨析。positions位置；conditions条件；situations情境；experiences经历。根据using in real...will surely improve our language skills.可知，此处表示语言在实际场景中的运用会提升语言技能。故选C。 三、完形填空 （2025江西吉安二模）Do you still remember the debate (争论) between sweet and salty zongziduring Dragon Boat Festival? It seems that the differences between northerners and southerners have always been a 21 topic among Chinese. Now another difference has got wide 22 . Its the way that northerners and southerners buy food at markets. People from southern China might say they 23 to buy what they need for just one or two meals. It is 24 for them to buy just half a Chinese cabbage, two potatoes and 0.25 kilograms of beef at a time. However, one may be 25 if he does this in the north. Instead, buying vegetables and meat enough for a week is usual, 26 China Daily. Also, once you go to the market in the south, 27 can buy a small amount (少量) of fruit, such as an apple or pear. Shop owners even help you peel 28 cut them. But hardly do shop owners in the north 29 such service. The difference could be because of the 30 climate (气候). Food can be kept for a long time in the 31 , because it is usually cold and dry there. Many northerners have the 32 of stocking up (囤货) on food. But 33 the hot and wet weather in the south, southern Chinese prefer to buy just enough food for one meal or one day. If not, the food may 34 bad. These debates about differences 35 help us Chinese know more about each other. 21．A．amazing B．strange C．common D．special 22．A．attention B．agreement C．creation D．position 23．A．decide B．prefer C．plan D．advise 24．A．normal B．necessary C．important D．harmful 25．A．worried about B．laughed at C．shut off D．parted with 26．A．shamed B．rushed C．knocked D．reported 27．A．she B．they C．he D．you 28．A．and B．but C．until D．though 29．A．receive B．spread C．offer D．refuse 30．A．double B．basic C．similar D．different 31．A．south B．east C．north D．west 32．A．chance B．habit C．rule D．experience 33．A．because of B．up to C．as for D．along with 34．A．come B．fly C．shine D．go 35．A．heavily B．probably C．wisely D．hardly 【答案】 21．C 22．A 23．B 24．A 25．B 26．D 27．D 28．A 29．C 30．D 31．C 32．B 33．A 34．D 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国南方和北方在购买食物习惯上的差异及其背后的气候原因。 21．句意：在中国人当中，南北方的差异似乎一直是个常见话题。 amazing惊人的；strange奇怪的；common常见的；special特殊的。根据It seems that the differences between northerners and southerners have always been a...topic among Chinese.可知，南北差异是长期存在的普遍现象，应是常见的话题。故选C。 22．句意：现在，另一个差异得到了广泛关注。 attention关注；agreement协议；creation创造；position位置。根据下文China Daily可知，报纸都对此差异报道，它应是获得了广泛关注。故选A。 23．句意：中国南方人可能会说，他们更喜欢只购买一两顿饭所需的食材。 decide决定；prefer更喜欢；plan计划；advise建议。根据Its the way that northerners and southerners buy food at markets...to buy what they need for just one or two meals.可知，此处指在市场购买食材这件事上南方人更倾向于少量购买，prefer符合语境。故选B。 24．句意：对他们来说，一次只买半个白菜、两个土豆和0.25公斤牛肉是正常的。 normal正常的；necessary必要的；important重要的；harmful有害的。根据上文People from southern China might say they prefer to buy what they need for just one or two meals.可知，大部分南方人倾向于少量购买，所以少量购买对他们来说是正常的。故选A。 25．句意：然而，在北方这样做可能会遭人嘲笑。 worried about担心；laughed at嘲笑；shut off关闭；parted with分离。根据下文Instead, buying vegetables and meat enough for a week is usual...可知，少量购买食材的行为在北方是不合常规的，应该会被嘲笑。故选B。 26．句意：据《中国日报》报道，相反，购买足够一周食用的蔬菜和肉类才是常见做法。 shamed羞愧；rushed匆忙；knocked敲击；reported报道。根据China Daily可知，《中国日报》是报纸，应是报道消息。故选D。 27．句意：此外，一旦你去南方的市场，你可以只买少量水果，比如一个苹果或梨。 she她；they他们；he他；you你。根据once you go to the market in the south可知，此处是用第二人称you指代读者。故选D。 28．句意：店主甚至会帮你削皮并切好。 and和；but但是；until直到；though尽管。peel和cut是并列动作，应用and连接。故选A。 29．句意：但北方店主几乎不提供这种服务。 receive接收；spread传播；offer提供；refuse拒绝。根据上文Shop owners even help you peel and cut them.和such service可知，此处指北方店主不向顾客提供削皮和切水果的服务。故选C。 30．句意：差异可能是由于不同的气候。 double双倍的；basic基本的；similar相似的；different不同的。根据下文...because it is usually cold and dry there.和...the hot and wet weather in the south...可知，北方又冷又干燥，南方又热又潮湿，这是气候的不同。故选D。 31．句意：食物在北方可以保存很长时间，因为那里通常又冷又干。 south南方；east东方；north北方；west西方。根据上文Its the way that northerners and southerners buy food at markets.可知，这个差异关于南方和北方，结合...because it is usually cold and dry there.可知，又冷又干燥的是北方。故选C。 32．句意：许多北方人有囤积食物的习惯。 chance机会；habit习惯；rule规则；experience经验。根据上文Instead, buying vegetables and meat enough for a week is usual...可知，北方人购买够一周食用的食材是常见做法，也就是已经形成习惯。故选B。 33．句意：但是由于南方炎热潮湿的天气，南方人更喜欢只买一顿饭或一天的食物。 because of因为；up to达到；as for至于；along with随着。the hot and wet weather in the south和southern Chinese prefer to buy just enough food for one meal or one day.是因果关系，应用because of。故选A。 34．句意：否则，食物可能会变质。 come来；fly飞；shine闪耀；go变得。根据上文the hot and wet weather in the south和If not可知，在炎热潮湿的环境下囤积食物，食物容易变质，go bad变质。故选D。 35．句意：这些关于差异的争论可能有助于我们中国人更多地了解彼此。 heavily沉重地；probably可能；wisely明智地；hardly几乎不。根据These debates about differences...help us Chinese know more about each other.可知，此处指争论可能帮助我们了解彼此。故选B。 四、阅读理解 （2024河南洛阳一模）The cost of raising a child is highest in South Korea and China, according to a new report by Beijings YuWa Population Research Institute. The institute compared costs using different countriesGDP per person. GDP per person is the total value of all the work done and things made in a country in one year, divided by the number of people who live there. And the report said the average cost of raising a child in South Korea to the age of 18 is 7.8 times the countrys GDP per person. In China, the average cost of raising a child is about $75,000, which is more than 6. 3 times the GDP per person. Its even more expensive to raise a child in Chinese cities, with an average cost of almost $94,000. South Korea and China both have very low birth rates. South Koreas is the lowest in the world and with those costs, it might be easy to see why. Japan also has a low birth rate, but it costs about 4.3 times the GDP per person to raise a child there. Its 4.1 times in the US, and 2.1 times in Australia. But its not only money that parents have to spend its time too. And this is another reason young people are choosing not to have children, according to the institute. For example, it said that in China, between 2010 and 2018, the amount of time parents spent helping their children with elementary school homework increased from less than four hours to almost six hours per week. 36．Whats the average cost of raising a child to the age of 18 in China? A．About $75,000 B．About $94,000 C．About $47,250 D．About $11,904 37．What country has the lowest birth rate in the world? A．Japan B．South Korea C．China D．It doesnt mention 38．How much time do parents in China spend helping their elementary school kids with homework per week? A．four hours B．six hours C．Ten hours D．Almost six hours 39．What would the writer go on talking about next? A．Why young people are choosing not to have children? B．Parents have to spend more time helping their children with elementary school homework. C．Children nowadays have too much pressure in China and South Korea. D．Between 2010 and 2018, the amount of time parents spent on working to make money increased a lot. 40．Whats the best title of this passage? A．Young People are Choosing not to Have Children. B．Raising a Child Costs Most. C．The Economy in China and South Korea. D．The Elementary School Homework Increased in South Korea and China. 【答案】36．A 37．B 38．D 39．B 40．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国及韩国的出生率低的相关原因，并比较了不同国家抚养孩子的成本高低。 36．细节理解题。根据In China, the average cost of raising a child is about $75,000可知，在中国，抚养一个孩子的平均成本约为7.5万美元，故选A。 37．细节理解题。根据South Koreas is the lowest in the world可知，韩国的出生率是世界上最低的，故选B。 38．细节理解题。根据...the amount of time parents spent helping their children with elementary school homework increased from less than four hours to almost six hours per week.可知，中国的父母每周花6小时候帮助他们的小学生做作业，故选D。 39．推理判断题。根据For example, it said that in China, between 2010 and 2018, the amount of time parents spent helping their children with elementary school homework increased from less than four hours to almost six hours per week.可知，文章接下来应该是介绍父母花费更多的时间帮助他们的孩子做作业的情况，故选B。 40．最佳标题题。根据The cost of raising a child is highest in South Korea and China, according to a new report by Beijings YuWa Population Research Institute.以及整个文章的理解可知，本文主要是介绍出生率低背后的原因，主要是抚养孩子的成本太高，故选B。 （2025江西吉安二模）On October 9th, Hurricane (飓风) Milton became the 5th hurricane to hit the United States in 2024. Big storms like this are happening more often and are getting stronger. So, meteorologists (气象学家) are working hard to predict (预测) them. AI is playing an important role in this work. For years, meteorologists have used computers to make models of storms. They use information from planes and satellites (人造卫星). It takes those models hours to create predictions. But AI models use lots of data (数据) from past storms to find patterns (模式). They can find rules that most humans cant. And they can do this very quickly. This year, AI models made accurate (精确的) predictions about storms in just seconds, sometimes even days before they happened. One AI program called GraphCast correctly predicted that Hurricane Beryl would hit Texas on July 8th, while a traditional model predicted it would hit Mexico. GraphCast was right, and the team behind it won an engineering prize. In September, another AI program called AIFS predicted the path of Hurricane Francine as it hit Louisiana. Because it was so accurate, Matt Lanza, a meteorologist in Houston, Texas, felt confident about telling people in Texas that the storm wouldnt be a problem for them. It was really amazing,Lanza said. Even though AI is helpful and has made significantsuccesses, its not perfect. Lanza said that AI models have trouble predicting how strong a storm will be and how much rain will fall. Thats why meteorologists need to use AI along with other tools. Were not just letting AI make the forecasts (预报),he said. 41．How does the writer start the passage? A．By making a study. B．By asking questions. C．By listing some numbers. D．By showing an example. 42．How are AI models different from traditional models according to Paragraph 2? A．AI models are faster at creating predictions. B．AI models need information only from satellites. C．AI models need more data to make predictions. D．It takes longer for AI models to give more accurate results. 43．What does the underlined word significantin Paragraph 5 mean? A．Quite peaceful. B．Very convenient. C．Very important. D．Quite nervous. 44．How will the future use of AI in weather prediction be? A．It wont get any better than it is now. B．It will be more accurate but still needs help from humans. C．It will do all the work and replace human meteorologists. D．It will only be used for predicting hurricanes, not other weather events. 45．What would be the best structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】41．D 42．A 43．C 44．B 45．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人工智能在预测飓风等大型风暴中的应用、优势以及当前存在的局限性。 41．细节理解题。根据On October 9th, Hurricane (飓风) Milton became the 5th hurricane to hit the United States in 2024.可知，作者是通过列举一个具体飓风实例来开篇的。故选D。 42．推理判断题。根据It takes those models hours to create predictions. But AI models use lots of data (数据) from past storms to find patterns (模式). They can find rules that most humans cant. And they can do this very quickly. This year, AI models made accurate (精确的) predictions about storms in just seconds可知，那些模型需要数小时来生成预测，但人工智能模型可以非常快速地完成这项工作。今年，人工智能模型仅用几秒钟就做出了关于风暴的精确预测。由此可推知，人工智能模型与传统模型的不同之处在于其生成预测的速度更快。故选A。 43．词句猜测题。根据One AI program called GraphCast correctly predicted that Hurricane Beryl would hit Texas on July 8th, while a traditional model predicted it would hit Mexico. GraphCast was right, and the team behind it won an engineering prize.、In September, another AI program called AIFS predicted the path of Hurricane Francine as it hit Louisiana.和Even though AI is helpful以及its not perfect.可知，人工智能在飓风路径预测上取得了成功，案例如Beryl和Francine，这些成功证明人工智能很有帮助，且具有重要意义。significant意为非常重要的，与选项C意思相近。故选C。 44．推理判断题。根据Thats why meteorologists need to use AI along with other tools. Were not just letting AI make the forecasts (预报),he said.可知，气象学家需要将人工智能与其他工具一起使用。但人们不会仅仅让人工智能来做预报。由此可推知，未来的人工智能在天气预报中会变得更精确，但仍然需要人类的辅助。故选B。 45．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段通过实例引出人工智能用于飓风预测的话题；第二段介绍人工智能模型与传统模型的区别及优势；第三、四段用具体人工智能系统的成功案例说明其有效性；第五段指出人工智能目前的局限性及人机协作的必要性。正确结构为①/②③④/⑤。故选D。 五、选词填空 （2024山东德州三模）读下面的短文，根据短文内容，从下面方框内所给11个词中选择10个意义相符的词，必要时进行词形变化，填空白处，每空一词。 put, big, safe, three, neighbor, whenever, poor, exact, away, he, couple Guo Shugao is a mailman in Changsha, Hunan. Recently, he helped put out a fire in an old neighborhood. The accident happened at around 10: 00 am on October 11. Guo was sending newspapers in the Wangyuehu community when he saw smoke rising from a kitchen on the 46 floor of a building. Guo has worked there for over 10 years, so he knew 47 that the fire was from the kitchen of an old coupleLiu Jianjun and her husband. Community workers and 48 there also noticed the fire and called 119. They knocked on the 49 door, but no one answered. What was worse, the fire was even 50 . Worrying about the old couples 51 . Guo rushed to that floor without a second thought. He braced (固定) 52 between the pipes (管道) on the outer wall so that he could free his hands to use a fire extinguisher (灭火器). Finally, the fire 53 out. With 54 hearing, 92-year-old Liu didnt know anything about the process until others put out the fire. She forgot to turn the gas off when finishing cooking, which caused the fire. Her husband has trouble moving around, so they failed to answer the door. Liu wrote a three-page letter to express her thanks to Guo. Its nothing worth mentioning. I will always help out 55 I can,Guo said. 【答案】 46．third 47．exactly 48．neighbours 49．couples 50．bigger 51．safety 52．himself 53．was put 54．poor 55．whenever 【导语】本文讲述了湖南长沙邮递员郭树高在老旧社区帮忙扑灭火灾的事迹。 46．句意：郭先生当时正在望月湖社区送报纸，突然他看到一栋建筑三楼的厨房里冒出了烟。根据on thefloor of a building.可知，此处指的是三楼，备选词three符合语境，此处填序数词third表示顺序，故填third。 47．句意：郭在那里工作了10多年，所以他清楚地知道火是从一对老夫妇刘建军和她的丈夫的厨房里烧出来的。修饰动词knew，且指的清楚地知道，备选词exact的副词exactly符合语境，故填exactly。 48．句意：当地的社区工作人员和邻居也注意到了火灾，并拨打了119。根据Community workers andthere also noticed the fire and called 119.可知，当地的社区工作人员和邻居也注意到了火灾，备选词neighbour符合语境，设空处前没有限定词，填复数表泛指，故填neighbours。 49．句意：他们敲了邻居夫妇的门，但没人应门。根据They knocked on thedoor, but no one answered.可知，此处指的敲邻居夫妇的门，备选词couple夫妇，符合语境，填名词所有格，修饰door。故填couples。 50．句意：更糟糕的是，火势更大了。根据What was worse, the fire was even可知，此处指的火势变大，备选词big符合语境，even修饰比较级，故填bigger。 51．句意：郭担心老夫妇的安全，毫不犹豫地冲到了那层楼。根据Worrying about the old couples可知，应该说担心老夫妇的安全，备选词safe符合语境，填名词形式safety，此处为抽象意义，不可数。故填safety。 52．句意：他把自己夹在外墙的管子之间，这样他就可以腾出手来用灭火器了。根据He braced (固定)between the pipes (管道) on the outer wall可知，此处指的固定他自己，备选词he的反身代词himself他自己符合题意，故填himself。 53．句意：最后火被扑灭了。此处表示火被扑灭了，备选词put符合语境，put out意为扑灭，该句为一般过去时的被动语态，fire为不可数名词，be动词填was，put的过去分词为put。故填was put。 54．句意：由于听力不好，92岁的刘先生对整个过程一无所知，直到其他人把火扑灭。根据92-year-old Liu didnt know anything about the process until others put out the fire.可知，应该说刘先生听力不好，备选词poor符合语境，作定语，故填poor。 55．句意：只要我能，我总是会帮忙的。此处引导时间状语从句，表示无论何时，备选词whenever无论何时，符合题意。故填whenever。 17 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $