Unit 1 People of Achievement Reading and Thinking 分层同步练习-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册

Reading and Thinking 一、必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.Understanding the designs and their symbolic meanings is 　　　　　　　　(至关重要的) for appreciating the Peking Opera performances.  2.American English is 　　　　　　(有区别的) from British English in many ways,such as vocabulary,grammar and spelling.  3.We should appreciate what we have o　　　　　　 from life and seize every opportunity to help others.  4.The Ming and Qing dynasties were universally a　　　　　　　 to be the two golden periods in the history of seal cutting.  5.Despite facing numerous challenges,she refused to be d　　　　　　 and worked hard until she achieved her goals.  Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.Although the doctor told him to rest more,he insisted 　　　　　　working on his novel.  2.Before artemisinin was found by Tu Youyou and her team,many people in the world died 　　　　　　malaria every year.  3.Last weekend,my parents and I visited the 　　　　　　　(botany) garden,where we saw some rare plants.  4.Exposing children to various fields of study teaches them to deal with issues and 　　　　　　(analysis) information more effectively.  5.The cooperation between the two crew groups 　　　　　　　(apparent) signals a giant step in China’s ongoing space exploration.  Ⅲ.单句写作 1.对我来说被邀请在这次重要的会议上展示我的研究成果是一个莫大的荣耀。(it is an honour for sb/sth to do sth) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to present my research findings at the international meeting.  2.他被认为在研发针对这种致命疾病的药物中发挥着至关重要的作用。(sb/sth be thought to do sth) He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　developing the medicine against the deadly disease.  3.一看到这位伟大的科学家,所有听报告的学生都禁不住热烈鼓掌。(upon doing sth) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,all the students present at the talk couldn’t help applauding warmly.  Ⅳ.阅读微写作 请再读“Tu Youyou Awarded Nobel Prize”,注意文中的单词、短语和句型,并完成下列练习。 Activity 1　单句写作 1.人们普遍认为居里夫人是世界上最伟大的科学家之一。(acknowledge) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Marie Curie was one of the greatest scientists in the world.  2.她一生致力于科学研究。(commit oneself to;scientific) Throughout her life,she 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  3.她是世界上第一个在物理和化学方面获得诺贝尔奖的女性科学家。(obtain) She was the first female scientist in the world 　　　　　　　　　　　　the Nobel Prize in Physics and Chemistry.  4.当居里夫人遇到困难时,她总是坚持努力工作一个一个地克服它们。(insist on) When Marie Curie met with difficulties,she 　　　　　　　　　　to get them over one by one.  5.在她的事例的鼓励下,我已经学会了只要我有一颗强大的心,就没有什么能打败我。(defeat) Inspired by her examples,I have learned that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　if I have a strong heart.  Activity 2　选取上面至少4个句子组成一篇不少于80词的短文(注意使用恰当的衔接词)           二、能力素养提升练 Ⅴ.阅读理解 A (2025宁夏石嘴山高二阶段练习) Gabby Goodwin and her mother,Rozalynn,had an annoying problem:even after careful styling,barrettes(发夹) kept slipping out of the 5-year-old’s hair.Gabby hated losing bows,and her mom was tired of buying replacements.As Rozalynn shared her annoyance with other parents on social media,her husband suggested that the Goodwins try creating their own barrettes.Rozalynn ignored the idea,but Gabby was curious. “I was excited,” said Gabby,now 14.“I was always complaining to my mom about these barrettes.” Gabby’s persistence persuaded her mother,and they began to deal with the problem.“Mom really saw it as a science project,” Gabby said. First they examined Gabby’s hair bows to see why they were falling out.Then they came up with a design for a double-face barrette that attaches securely to hair.When the Goodwins first showed their design to possible investors,it was rejected.The product wasn’t the right fit or the business plan wasn’t good,companies told them.The difficulties made Gabby more determined. Gabby and her mother didn’t give up.Their efforts paid off.In 2014 they began selling the bows online.The barrettes were so popular that the family decided to apply for a patent,and the business developed quickly and was successful.Today Gabby is chief of Confidence by Gabby Goodwin,and the barrettes—called GaBBY Bows—are available online and in 74 chain stores across the country.Confidence also sells three plant-based products for detangling (理顺),moisturizing (保湿) and styling hair. For her accomplishments and dedication to her company and others,Goodwin was named Black Enterprise’s Kid Entrepreneur of the Year in 2018.The following year,Gabby and Rozalynn started a virtual club to help girls learn business skills. 1.What inspired Gabby to invent a better barrette? A.Her father’s advice and her own curiosity. B.Her mother’s complaint about losing bows. C.A company’s invitation to her to run a project. D.Different suggestions for her barrettes on social media. 2.What happened after Gabby was refused by some companies? A.She determined to set up her own firm. B.She turned to other firms to sell her invention. C.She worked harder to deal with the difficulties. D.She lost heart because there were no chances for her. 3.Why was Gabby chosen as Kid Entrepreneur of the Year in 2018? A.She didn’t give up in the face of difficulties. B.She made great achievements at a young age. C.She set up a virtual club to teach girls knowledge. D.She succeeded in helping herself and more girls. 4.Which of the following words can sum up Gabby’s personality? A.Creative,determined and helpful. B.Considerate,energetic and honest. C.Generous,modest and independent. D.Outgoing,thoughtful and intelligent. B (2025广东广州高二期中) “I want to work full-time in China,honey.” An overseas call awakened the wife from sound sleep.“Why?” asked the wife with surprise,in a drowsy voice,from the other side of the ocean. In the United States,he had a great future ahead.At the age of 36,he became the youngest professor in the history of the Department of Molecular Biology at Princeton University,for his academic achievements.At 40,he became a tenured(终身的) chair professor at Princeton. When everything seemed perfect and admirable to others,he firmly decided to say goodbye to Princeton University,to an affluent life in the United States,and return to China. The news spread explosively.Many expressed confusions;many tried to persuade him;many made fun of him;and still many waited to have a good laugh at him. He said patriotism is the plainest feeling of a person.Who doesn’t love his motherland,after all?In his heart,the American dream is already something past;the Chinese dream is rising. After returning to China,he devoted all his energy,worked like crazy,and determined to do something big.He formed a life science research team.Every day,he works 12 to 16 hours at his laboratory.He is Shi Yigong,nicknamed “Da Niu” (someone with extraordinary achievements) by Tsinghua students.His given name,Yigong,comes from an idiom that means “devoted to public interest whole-heartedly”.“So far as I’m concerned,awards are of no special meaning,”Shi says calmly. In his 18 years of study in the United States,he never forgot his Chinese dream.In the next 18 years,the Chinese dream will be more beautiful and greater by the efforts of Shi Yigong and the likes of him. 5.Why was Shi determined to return to China? A.To look for a better career. B.To reunite with his wife. C.To live a quieter life. D.To serve his motherland. 6.What does the underlined word “affluent” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A.Busy. B.Miserable. C.Wealthy. D.Adventurous. 7.Why is Shi Yigong called “Da Niu” by his Tsinghua students? A.To show his unusual achievements. B.To support his life science research. C.To introduce his endless energy in work. D.To praise his honesty. 8.What can we know about Shi Yigong? A.He doesn’t care much about reputation. B.He is the youngest professor in history. C.His decision was well-received. D.His Chinese dream will be realized in 18 years. C After years of observing human nature,I have decided that two qualities make a difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance—curiosity and discontent.I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either.And I have never known an average man who had both. Together,these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more than ambition.Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.Like Galileo,all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent,“Why?Why?Why?” Fortunately,curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned.We are born with them and need only to recapture them.“The great man,” said Mencius,“is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it.We stop asking questions.We stop challenging custom.We just follow the crowd.And the crowd desire only the calm and restful average. Most of us meet new people,and new ideas,with hesitation.But once having met and liked them,we think how terrible it would have been,had we missed the chance.We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake. How should you start?Modestly,so as not to become discouraged.I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself.She was curious about how the experts did it. The way to begin is to answer your own excuses.You haven’t any special ability?Most people don’t;there are only a few geniuses.You haven’t any time?That’s good,because it’s always the people with no time who get things done.Harriet Stowe,mother of six,wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking.You’re too old?Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel,and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78. However you start,remember there is no better time to start than right now,for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment. 9.What’s the author’s aim in writing paragraph 1? A.To present an argument.　　 B.To make a comparison. C.To reach a conclusion. D.To propose a definition. 10.What does the example of Galileo tell us? A.Scientists tend to have varied ambitions. B.Trial and error leads to the finding of truth. C.Creativity results from challenging authority. D.Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore. 11.What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent? A.Observe the unknown around you. B.Develop a questioning mind. C.Lead a life of adventure. D.Follow the fashion. Ⅵ.七选五 A scientist is a person who explores and examines aspects of a certain field to better understand how they function.The process of exploration follows a strict set of rules known as the scientific method.　1　  The primary duty of a scientist in any fields is to do research.　2　 A scientist who specializes in microbiology could study germs,while a scientist who studies the atmosphere could research the pattern of the wind.  Apart from devoting himself to the research,a scientist can also work for employers.　3　 Besides,universities and some governmental organizations also require scientists to teach and research.Some scientists are able to get research funds independently or participate in a funded scientific project and spend their time working towards a clear goal.  　4　 This usually means getting a PhD in the chosen field.In many cases,it also means finding work opportunities during the school year.They can provide the person with practical experience.Many scientists regularly publish their findings or notes of their work.  Some scientists,such as a doctor,might require official certificates(证书).　5　 The requirements and duties of scientists are as broad and various as the area which they study.  A.Being a scientist requires a very good education. B.In different fields,the research can be different. C.Others might only need membership in an association. D.A scientist may make use of the results of others’ research. E.The purpose of science is to produce useful models of reality. F.There are large companies that hire scientists to help with their products. G.The method ensures that new discoveries are factual and not just theories. 知识积累卡 一、重点单词 1.annoy vt.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　→annoyance n.　　　　　　　　　　　　→annoying adj.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 →annoyed adj.　　　　　　　　　　　　  2.persist vi.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　→persistence n.　　　　　　　　　　→persistent adj.　　　　　　　　　　　　  3.dedicate vt.　　　　　　　　→ dedication n.　　　　　　　　→ dedicated adj.　　　　　　　　　　　　  4.special adj.　　　　　　　　　→specialist n.　　　　　　　→specialize vt.　　　　　　　　　　　　　  二、熟词生义 1.fit 本文义:n.　　　　　　　　　　  其他义:v.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  adj.　　　　　　　　　　　  2.sound 本文义:adj.　　　　　　　　　　其他义:adj.　　　　　　　　　　　　　  n.　　　　　　　vi.& vt.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　link v.　　　　　　　　　　　　  3.chair 本文义:n.　　　　　　　其他义:n.　　　　　　　vt.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  三、词块速记 1.slip out of 　　　　　　　　  2.fall out 　　　　　　　　　　　  3.pay off 　　　　　　　　　　　  4.have a good laugh at ____________________ 5.follow the crowd 　　　　　　　　　　　  四、经典句式背诵 However you start,remember there is no better time to start than right now,for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment. 句意:____________________________________________________________ 参考答案 Ⅰ.1.crucial　2.distinct　3.obtained　4.acknowledged　5.defeated Ⅱ.1.on/upon　2.from/of　3.botanical　4.analyse 5.apparently Ⅲ.1.It is a great honour for me to be invited　2.is thought to play a vital role in　3.Upon seeing the great scientist Ⅳ.Activity 1 1.It is universally acknowledged that　2.committed herself to the scientific research　3.to obtain　4.insisted on working hard　5.nothing can defeat me Activity 2 One possible version It is universally acknowledged that Marie Curie was one of the greatest scientists in the world.Throughout her life,she committed herself to the scientific research.Marie Curie was the first female scientist in the world to obtain the Nobel Prize in Physics and Chemistry.When Marie Curie met with difficulties in her research,she insisted on working hard to get them over one by one.Inspired by her examples,I have learned that nothing can defeat me if I have a strong heart. Ⅴ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Gabby Goodwin和她母亲Rozalynn为了解决发夹容易脱落的问题,在Gabby父亲的建议和Gabby的好奇心驱使下,开始自己设计和制作发夹,并最终取得了成功,Gabby还因此获得了荣誉,并创立俱乐部帮助女孩们学习商业技能的故事。 1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“As Rozalynn shared her annoyance with other parents on social media,her husband suggested that the Goodwins try creating their own barrettes.Rozalynn ignored the idea,but Gabby was curious.”可知,是父亲的建议和Gabby自己的好奇心启发了她发明一个更好的发夹。故选A项。 2.C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The product wasn’t the right fit or the business plan wasn’t good,companies told them.The difficulties made Gabby more determined.”和第四段中的“Gabby and her mother didn’t give up.Their efforts paid off.In 2014 they began selling the bows online.”可知,在被一些公司拒绝后,Gabby并没有放弃,而是更加努力地应对困难。故选C项。 3.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“For her accomplishments and dedication to her company and others,Goodwin was named Black Enterprise’s Kid Entrepreneur of the Year in 2018.”可知,Gabby因为在年轻时就取得了巨大成就而被评为2018年年度儿童企业家。故选B项。 4.A　推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是根据第三段中的“Then they came up with a design for a double-face barrette that attaches securely to hair.”和“The difficulties made Gabby more determined.”可知,Gabby富有创造力且非常坚定;再根据最后一段中的“The following year,Gabby and Rozalynn started a virtual club to help girls learn business skills.”可知,Gabby乐于助人。由此推知,A项“Creative,determined and helpful.”能够概括Gabby的性格。故选A项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了在美国前途无量的施一公,因为无法割舍的爱国之情,毅然告别美国,回到中国,为祖国服务,实现自己的中国梦的故事。 5.D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“After returning to China,he devoted all his energy,worked like crazy,and determined to do something big.He formed a life science research team.Every day,he works 12 to 16 hours at his laboratory.”可知,施一公回到中国是为了为祖国服务。故选D项。 6.C　词义猜测题。根据第二段以及第三段中的“When everything seemed perfect and admirable to others”可知,施一公在美国有着非凡的学术成就,并最终成为普林斯顿大学的终身教授,有着完美的、令人钦佩的生活,可推断他告别的是美国 “富足的”生活,affluent意为“富足的”。故选C项。 7.A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“He is Shi Yigong,nicknamed ‘Da Niu’(someone with extraordinary achievements) by Tsinghua students.”可知,他的学生给他取名“大牛”是为了显示他非凡的成就。故选A项。 8.A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“‘So far as I’m concerned,awards are of no special meaning,’Shi says calmly.”可知,施一公并不在乎自己获得的奖项,也就是不在乎奖项所代表的名声。故选A项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了好奇心和不满足感对于成功的重要性,认为这两种深层次的人类驱策力比野心更重要。文章建议我们激发好奇心和不满足感,并勇于接触新事物和挑战传统,不断提高自己。最后,文章强调现在是开始行动的最佳时机。 9.A　推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“After years of observing human nature,I have decided that two qualities make a difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance—curiosity and discontent.”可知,作者在第一段提出了文章的论点,告诉我们成就卓越的人和表现一般的人的区别在哪里,即两种品质决定了成就卓越的人和表现一般的人:好奇心和不满足。由此可知,作者写第一段旨在提出一个论点。故选A项。 10.D　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,作者通过伽利略的例子告诉我们:人类的强烈欲望比雄心壮志更重要,历史上所有伟大的人物,他们的成功正是因为对事物的好奇和不断探索。由此可知,伽利略的例子告诉我们伟大来自对探索的持久渴望。故选D项。 11.B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“‘The great man,’...restful average.”以及第四段中的“But once having met and liked them...waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.”可知,要唤起我们的好奇心和不满足,我们需要做与段落中相反的事,即我们要不满足于现状,勇于探索,勇于提出问题。由此可知,你能通过培养质疑的思维来重新找回好奇心和不满足。故选B项。 Ⅵ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是科学探索过程所需要遵循的一些规则。 1.G　上文“The process of exploration follows a strict set of rules known as the scientific method.”提到了探索过程应当遵循的科学方法;G项中的“The method”和上文的“the scientific method”相呼应。因此G项承接上文,符合语境,故选G项。 2.B　上文“The primary duty of a scientist in any fields is to do research.”提到科学家的基本职责是做研究。下文“A scientist who specializes in microbiology could study germs,while a scientist who studies the atmosphere could research the pattern of the wind.”说明不同领域的科学家所进行的研究不同。因此B项承上启下,符合语境,故选B项。 3.F　上文“Apart from devoting himself to the research,a scientist can also work for employers.”提到科学家也可以为雇主工作;F项中的“hire scientists”和上文中的“work for employers”相呼应。因此F项承接上文,符合语境,故选F项。 4.A　下文“This usually means getting a PhD in the chosen field.”说明成为科学家需要接受良好的教育。A项说明了科学家需要良好的教育,符合语境,故选A项。 5.C　上文“Some scientists,such as a doctor,might require official certificates.”提到有些科学家需要有官方证书。C项中的“Others”和上文的“Some scientists”相呼应,“need”和上文的“require”相呼应,“membership in an association”和上文的“official certificates”都是资历要求。因此C项承上启下,符合语境,故选C项。 知识积累卡 一、1.使恼怒;使烦恼;使生气　恼怒;烦恼　使人烦恼的;令人讨厌的　恼怒的;烦恼的　2.顽强地坚持;执着地做　坚持;锲而不舍　坚持不懈的;执着的　3.致力于;献(身)　献身;奉献　献身的;专心致志的　4.特别的;特殊的　专家　专门研究;专门从事 二、1.适合;合身(的衣服)　(使)合适;(使)合身;安装　适合的;健康的　2.酣畅的;香甜的　明智的;合理的;健康的;健全的　声音　(使)发声;(使)响　听起来;似乎　3.(大学的)系主任　椅子　使就座;担任(会议等的)主席/主持人 三、1.从……滑落　2.掉落;脱落　3.取得成功;得到好结果 4.嘲笑;笑话　5.随大流;从众 四、不管你怎样开始,记住没有比现在更好开始的时间了,因为你永远不会比此刻更充满活力。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $