Unit 2 Natural Disasters 七选五10篇（单元话题：自然灾害）-2025-2026学年高一英语译林版必修第三册

Unit 2 Natural Disasters 七选五10篇 内容导航 单元话题 基础语篇练习 重难语篇练习 单元话题聚焦 自然灾害 基础语篇练习 稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦稳拿分数题目，确保基础分值 重难语篇练习 突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦高难度题目，争夺关键分数 基础语篇练习 Passage 1 I’ve seen my share of wildfires’ destruction on communities, but in more than eight years of covering these disasters as a photojournalist, the scene over Hawaii was one of the worst. Based in Las Vegas, I’m used to being sent to wildfires in other places. I flew to Hawaii on Wednesday. 1 By Thursday morning, I was in a helicopter flying over Lahaina, a normally busy west Maui town that draws visitors from all over the world. 2 The burned earth was completely grey, sandwiched between the shiny blue ocean and deep green-brown mountains in the distance. No plants or signs of life were in sight. Street after street was nothing but ruins. It was hard to imagine the scenic town that was once here. 3 People walked along in silence, unable to believe what they were seeing. One sight made me worried and showed the serious damage of the fire: burned vehicles on Front Street. They weren’t parked neatly. 4 It was clear that people had to flee for their lives in a big hurry. I couldn’t help thinking: What happened to their owners? Did they escape in time? 5 As a photographer, I recorded every bit of the damage, hoping the pictures would tell the world what had happened here. A．What struck me most was the total lack of colour. B．No one knew when the town could be rebuilt. C．They were obviously left in the middle of the road. D．I needed a few hours to prepare my camera and equipment. E．The local people were in great shock and sadness. F．Or were they unable to run away from the fire? G．Many visitors lost their way in the fire. Passage 2 How to Stay Safe During a Typhoon When a typhoon strikes, the world outside can change from calm to dangerous in just a few minutes. The sky darkens, the wind grows wild, and heavy rain begins to fall with great force. 1 But staying calm and taking the right actions can make a big difference. Stay indoors and keep away from windows. During a typhoon, the safest place is always indoors. Once the storm begins, do not go outside, not even for a short look. Close all windows and doors tightly, and stay away from glass, which may break when hit by strong wind or flying objects. 2 Waiting indoors may feel long and boring, but it protects you from real danger outside. Be mindful of electricity and stay alert (警觉的). Strong wind and rain can be dangerous with electricity. If water begins to enter your home, turn off the main power in no time. Avoid touching wet plugs, wires, or electrical devices. Listen carefully to what’s happening around you. Sometimes a strange sound or sudden silence can mean trouble is near. 3 Follow official warnings and remain patient. 4 Follow the advice of local governments, even if the weather seems calmer for a moment. If the sky suddenly becomes calm, don’t be fooled — it is the “eye” of the typhoon that passes by. The wind can return even harder than before. So you should stay patient and wait for official news. 5 No one can stop the storm, but you can control how you face it. Take deep breaths, speak gently, and try to calm those around you. Help children, the elderly, or neighbors who might be alone. Courage grows when people care for each other. Kindness stands even in the strongest wind. A．The worst of the storm may be over. B．It is normal to feel fear at such a moment. C．A typhoon can change direction or strength at any time. D．Stay calm and support each other. E．You need to learn to fix the electricity by yourself. F．If you live high up, this rule is especially important. G．During a typhoon, attention saves more than strength does. Passage 3 How to Survive a Disaster Disasters can strike at any moment. If you learn the right survival skills and stay calm, you can make a big difference between life and death. Survival requires calmness, quick thinking, careful preparation and following basic safety rules. 1 Preparation is the first step toward survival. First, know all the emergency exits and safe places around you. Then, prepare an emergency kit (急救箱) consisting of necessary things like bottled water, canned food, a flashlight with extra batteries, a basic first-aid kit, a whistle (哨子) to call for help and a phone charger. 2 Remember to replace old food and water and add useful things based on your needs. 3 Fear is your biggest enemy in a disaster. It can make you lose your judgment and do dangerous things. If you are trapped, use a whistle or flashlight to signal for help instead of shouting loudly, which will only waste your energy and make you feel more tired. After the disaster ends and everything seems quiet, don’t rush back to damaged buildings right away. 4 Go to a safe place that the government sets up and wait for their instructions instead. Listen to the radio or TV for updates on safety and rescue work, and wait until it’s announced safe to go back home. In short, surviving a disaster depends on good preparation, calmness when danger comes and following safety rules strictly. By getting well-prepared and knowing what to do, you can protect yourself and your loved ones. 5 After all, being ready for the unexpected is the best way. A．There are things you can prepare for your phone. B．Besides, you can help reduce the harm the disaster brings. C．In a disaster, staying calm is the most important thing of all. D．These can greatly help you get through a disaster without harm. E．Keep it in an easy-to-reach place and update it every six months. F．If an earthquake hits, drop to the ground at once and hide under a strong table. G．They may still fall suddenly or have hidden dangers, which can cause more accidents. Passage 4 We spoke with three experts — Tim McWelch, Warren Paddley, and Jeff Masters — about how to survive a disaster when you can’t evacuate. 1 Here are their tips and advice on surviving a natural disaster. McWelch: Every family should have an emergency plan that addresses the most likely disasters in their region. 2 These skills need to be learned and practiced long before that dangerous moment, because you simply won’t have time to read a survival book or watch a how-to video in a crisis. Get some first aid training, learn how to cook without a kitchen, figure out different ways to heat and cool at least one room in your home. 3 Paddley: A lot of people just can’t afford to buy all the survival things you need, but there are some basic things you must have in your homes. 4 People don’t realize how important that is until their power is off, and they’re stumbling (跌跌撞撞) around to find a flashlight (手电筒) that’s 10 years old with corroded (被腐蚀的) batteries inside. There are also solar-powered lanterns you can charge during the day. Masters: 5 For example, cell phones are great, but the towers can go down, so a land line (座机) is handy. Another critical thing is a battery-powered radio that can receive NOAA Weather Radio broadcasts. Get one that has the function to warn you when a weather warning is issued for your county. A．Develop an emergency plan. B．Store at least a week’s supply of food and water. C．The first thing is a reliable light source with extra batteries. D．Practical survival skills should also be part of every family’s game plan. E．Each one shared tips on preparation and remaining safe during the event. F．Often, people don’t realize some things would help them in the event of a disaster. G．Learn everything you can, since you never know what might be useful in a disaster. Passage 5 How to Survive a High-Rise Fire Saving trapped people on upper floors in high-rise buildings is a challenge for the fire department as fire truck ladders only reach a maximum of 33m. If trapped, you need to wait a while for rescue. 1 An unexpected fire alarm will be scary, but panicking won’t help. Stay calm, and try to figure out where the fire happen. 2 If it is cool, you should be able to leave for the nearest exit. Be sure to close all the doors behind you, so you don’t give the fire more oxygen to keep burning. 3 Smoke inhalation (吸入) is the leading cause of death in fires. If you have to pass through smoke, make sure you crawl (匍匐前行) your way on all fours and cover your mouth and nose with your shirt to help filter (过滤) out the smoke as you breathe. If it’s too dangerous to leave your apartment, you’re still going to need to protect yourself against smoke coming in. Get to an area where you can close the door. 4 Once you’ve done that, you should call the fire department, and report your exact location in the building. 5 But don’t break it, and don’t jump. You’ll likely have better chances of survival waiting calmly inside for help to arrive. A．Then feel the door to your unit. B．You can open the window wide and ask for help. C．Run as fast as possible while passing through smoke. D．Try to avoid breathing in smoke as much as possible. E．And what you do during that time can be truly life-or-death. F．And place wet towels or cloths under doors to help keep the smoke out. G．You can also signal by hanging a light-colored cloth out of your window. Passage 6 How to Stay Safe During a Thunderstorm During the summer months, people spend more time outdoors, but the summer brings more than just hot weather, it is also lightning season. Lightning is not something to be taken lightly. 1 . However, there are ways that you can stay safe during a thunderstorm. Here are some tips on how to reduce your risk of being struck by lightning. Go inside as soon as possible Staying outside during a thunderstorm is very dangerous. You must be in a building where all the sides are enclosed. Even being in a car is safer than being outside. 2 . Stay low to the ground If you cannot get to a shelter, stay as low as possible, so that you are not the tallest thing around in a storm. 3 . Avoid places like fields, or hilltops and stay away from tall, isolated trees. 4 When your mother told you not to run water during a thunderstorm, she was right. Water is a dangerous conductor of electricity, which can travel through it in the pipes and enter your home. Don’t ignore thunder If you are close enough to hear thunder, you are close enough to get struck by lighting so take cover immediately. Lightning can actually strike 10 to 15 miles away from the core of the thunderstorm. Some lightning can strike an area where it is not raining yet. 5 . A．Avoid using running water B．Don’t touch anything connected to the outdoors C．If you are hiking on a mountain, go down and not up D．In fact, lightning is dangerous and can strike without warning E．So don’t stay in the pool or play an extra game until the rain starts F．Lightning can still strike even after the storm seems to have passed G．The metal shell of it spreads the lightning around you and to the ground Passage 7 The biggest threat in a hurricane is not the wind, but the water. Flooding from heavy rain can happen at any time, anywhere, as climate change makes violent downpours more common. 1 Proper actions after flooding will protect you effectively. 2 The Federal Emergency Management Agency says the first thing you should do is check for things like broken electric lines, gas lines and cracks on the floor to make sure it’s safe to go inside. If it is, and there’s no standing water in the house, turn off utilities like the electricity. If you smell gas, or hear a hissing sound, call the fire department immediately. And remember to keep your distance from the house. Do not go in the floodwater. 3 It may give you an electric shock, and there are often sharp objects and poisonous chemicals in it. Even water that looks clear can be dangerous. So, if you can wait for the water to fall back or for help to come, that’s your best choice, says Jennifer Horney, a professor at the University of Delaware who studies the public-health impacts of disasters. 4 Use your cellphone to take a lot of pictures of the outside and the inside of your house. You’re recording the damage and trying to show how high the water got. These photos are key to making an insurance claim (保险索赔) or applying for federal assistance. 5 A．If necessary, get someone to fix it. B．Document damage with photos timely. C．First, cut off utilities and ensure safety. D．Floodwater carries many hidden dangers. E．Never ever step into floodwater no matter what happens. F．As the water falls back, the long, slow process of recovery begins. G．This will make up for your loss to some degree after the hurricane. Passage 8 Natural disasters can happen at any time, and schools are no exception. Here are some steps for students to take to survive when a natural disaster hits schools. Prepare an emergency kit. Every student should have a personal emergency kit. 1 Keeping this kit at hand can ensure students are always prepared. Practice regular drills. Regular disaster drills (演习) are just as important as fire drills. They help students learn what to do in real emergency situations. Schools should conduct such drills regularly to ensure that students know what to do when a real disaster occurs. 2 Recognize safe areas. 3 When a disaster hits, students should quickly head to the nearest safe area that can provide the best protection. Examples include hallways, under desks, or designated shelter areas. These areas should be decided in advance within the school. 4 Different areas may face different types of natural disasters. For example, coastal areas are more likely to experience hurricanes, and landslides are a main danger in mountainous areas. So schools should teach students knowledge about the specific type of disaster in their local area. Take action in different situations. Students should stay calm and take immediate action based on different situations. For example, during a tornado, they should move to the lowest floor of the building and take cover under stable furniture. 5 Earthquakes require us to drop to the ground, take cover under a table, and hold on until the shake stops. A．Understand the risk types. B．Teach local disaster preparations. C．A single drill is enough for students to learn perfectly. D．This will help students react quickly and minimize the risk. E．Knowing where safe zones are in the school can be a lifesaver. F．In the event of a flood, students should move to higher grounds. G．It should include necessary items like batteries and first-aid kit, etc. 重难语篇练习 Passage 1 Floods can strike quickly and with little warning in many parts of the world. 1 Here is a simple guide to keep you and your family safe. Make a flood survival plan. 2 This plan should include contact information and meeting points. Pick several meeting spots in case you need to leave home, such as a shelter in your area. Make sure everyone knows where these locations are and how to get there safely. Prepare an emergency kit. Get ready a kit that includes basic necessities. 3 Pack at least three gallons of water per person so everyone can drink a gallon a day. Also, remember to include a first aid kit, any special medications your family needs, warm clothing, and personal identification documents stored in a waterproof (防水的) bag. 4 Some people think they can ride out the flood, but keep yourself safe by taking proper action. When you are in a car, you need to move to higher ground immediately. Please avoid crossing through flood waters. Even water up to your ankles (脚踝) can be dangerous. You can’t see how deep the water is the rest of the way. Follow news and warnings. Once you are safe, do not return home until the authorities say it is safe to do so. In addition, listen for the authorities to say that water from the community water supply is safe to drink. 5 A．Escape flood waters. B．Move your car to a safe place. C．This will help prevent illness and further damage. D．Check your food supplies regularly and replace bad ones. E．Surviving a flood depends on your preparation and action. F．A good kit should have three-day food and water for everyone. G．You can sit down with your family to work out a plan of action. Passage 2 How AI Will Help Predict Natural Disasters? Beneath California lie faults — places where rocks slide past, over, or under one another. When they move at an alarming rate, the ground shakes violently, causing destructive earthquakes. Nothing can be done to stop them, but understanding where they are likely to happen and how powerful they may be means communities can prepare. 1 They employ seismometers (地震仪) to record seismic waves — a bit like music, with notes and rhythm changes that reveal what created them, where they lie, and how they behave. Because California is so geologically active, the region has massive amounts of data. 2 Many tiny, imperceptible quakes are difficult to spot, especially when their signals are similar to background noise from traffic. Inspired by machine-learning programs that can identify and categorize elements within images with unmatched accuracy, a researcher at Caltech applied a similar idea to seismology. He used algorithms (算法) to search for patterns of tiny quakes in seismic data and soon identified nearly two million hidden events from 2008 to 2017. 3 Although early programs could only find quakes similar to those they had been trained on, newer self-learning systems can recognize novel events and make predictions about the future. 4 They are now used across California to spot slowly slow-moving earthquake faults invisible to traditional methods. 5 In areas at high risk of earthquakes like Tokyo, for instance, AI software analyzes images from cameras positioned around the city to recognize fires and building collapse and to alert authorities instantly. Such systems save precious time for search and rescue. While AI will not replace human scientists, it is becoming as ordinary — and as vital — as the seismometers themselves. A．AI may also improve earthquake early-warning systems. B．In some way, AI, trained with enough data, may one day take the place of human instincts. C．It is covered in so many seismometers that there is more data than human experts could reasonably handle. D．These machine-learning programs are still evolving and have gone beyond detecting quiet quakes and hidden faults. E．To reduce the effects of future disasters, researchers draw maps of the underworld, charting every fault and monitoring its behavior. F．Such programs as mentioned are still being tested for real-life applications. G．This revealed a complex network of faults that previous studies had missed. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Natural Disasters 七选五10篇 内容导航 单元话题 基础语篇练习 重难语篇练习 单元话题聚焦 自然灾害 基础语篇练习 稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦稳拿分数题目，确保基础分值 重难语篇练习 突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦高难度题目，争夺关键分数 基础语篇练习 Passage 1 I’ve seen my share of wildfires’ destruction on communities, but in more than eight years of covering these disasters as a photojournalist, the scene over Hawaii was one of the worst. Based in Las Vegas, I’m used to being sent to wildfires in other places. I flew to Hawaii on Wednesday. 1 By Thursday morning, I was in a helicopter flying over Lahaina, a normally busy west Maui town that draws visitors from all over the world. 2 The burned earth was completely grey, sandwiched between the shiny blue ocean and deep green-brown mountains in the distance. No plants or signs of life were in sight. Street after street was nothing but ruins. It was hard to imagine the scenic town that was once here. 3 People walked along in silence, unable to believe what they were seeing. One sight made me worried and showed the serious damage of the fire: burned vehicles on Front Street. They weren’t parked neatly. 4 It was clear that people had to flee for their lives in a big hurry. I couldn’t help thinking: What happened to their owners? Did they escape in time? 5 As a photographer, I recorded every bit of the damage, hoping the pictures would tell the world what had happened here. A．What struck me most was the total lack of colour. B．No one knew when the town could be rebuilt. C．They were obviously left in the middle of the road. D．I needed a few hours to prepare my camera and equipment. E．The local people were in great shock and sadness. F．Or were they unable to run away from the fire? G．Many visitors lost their way in the fire. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．E 4．C 5．F 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作为摄影记者，作者飞往夏威夷，目睹拉海纳被野火烧毁后毫无色彩、一片废墟，当地人震惊悲伤，作者记录下这一切。 1．根据上文“I flew to Hawaii on Wednesday(我周三飞往夏威夷)”以及下文“By Thursday morning, I was in a helicopter flying over Lahaina(到周四早上，我乘坐直升机飞越拉海纳)”可知，在周三到周四早上这段时间，作者需要准备相机和设备，所以选项D“我需要几个小时来准备我的相机和设备”符合语境。故选D。 2．根据下文“The burned earth was completely grey, sandwiched between the shiny blue ocean and deep green-brown mountains in the distance(燃烧的土地完全是灰色的，夹在闪闪发光的蓝色海洋和远处深绿褐色的山脉之间)”可知，本段主要描述了拉海纳被烧毁后的景象，没有色彩，所以选项A“最让我震惊的是完全没有色彩”符合语境。故选A。 3．根据上文“It was hard to imagine the scenic town that was once here(很难想象这里曾经是一个风景优美的小镇)”并结合下文“People walked along in silence, unable to believe what they were seeing(人们默默地走着，不敢相信他们所看到的)”可知，当地人看到被烧毁的小镇后感到震惊和悲伤，所以选项E“当地人非常震惊和悲伤”符合语境。故选E。 4．根据上文“One sight made me worried and showed the serious damage of the fire: burned vehicles on Front Street. They weren’t parked neatly(一个景象让我很担心，显示了火灾的严重破坏：前街上的烧毁的车辆。它们没有整齐地停放)”可知，车辆被遗弃在路中间，所以选项C“它们显然被遗弃在路中间”符合语境。故选C。 5．根据上文“I couldn’t help thinking: What happened to their owners? Did they escape in time?(我不禁想：它们的主人发生了什么事？他们及时逃走了吗？)”可知，此处是在询问车辆的主人是否没能从火中逃生，所以选项F“还是他们没能从火中逃生”符合语境。故选F。 Passage 2 How to Stay Safe During a Typhoon When a typhoon strikes, the world outside can change from calm to dangerous in just a few minutes. The sky darkens, the wind grows wild, and heavy rain begins to fall with great force. 1 But staying calm and taking the right actions can make a big difference. Stay indoors and keep away from windows. During a typhoon, the safest place is always indoors. Once the storm begins, do not go outside, not even for a short look. Close all windows and doors tightly, and stay away from glass, which may break when hit by strong wind or flying objects. 2 Waiting indoors may feel long and boring, but it protects you from real danger outside. Be mindful of electricity and stay alert (警觉的). Strong wind and rain can be dangerous with electricity. If water begins to enter your home, turn off the main power in no time. Avoid touching wet plugs, wires, or electrical devices. Listen carefully to what’s happening around you. Sometimes a strange sound or sudden silence can mean trouble is near. 3 Follow official warnings and remain patient. 4 Follow the advice of local governments, even if the weather seems calmer for a moment. If the sky suddenly becomes calm, don’t be fooled — it is the “eye” of the typhoon that passes by. The wind can return even harder than before. So you should stay patient and wait for official news. 5 No one can stop the storm, but you can control how you face it. Take deep breaths, speak gently, and try to calm those around you. Help children, the elderly, or neighbors who might be alone. Courage grows when people care for each other. Kindness stands even in the strongest wind. A．The worst of the storm may be over. B．It is normal to feel fear at such a moment. C．A typhoon can change direction or strength at any time. D．Stay calm and support each other. E．You need to learn to fix the electricity by yourself. F．If you live high up, this rule is especially important. G．During a typhoon, attention saves more than strength does. 【答案】1．B 2．F 3．G 4．C 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了台风期间的安全防护措施。 1．上文“The sky darkens, the wind grows wild, and heavy rain begins to fall with great force. (天空变暗，狂风大作，暴雨猛烈袭来)”描述了台风天的危险景象，下文“But staying calm and taking the right actions can make a big difference. (但保持冷静并采取正确行动会有很大作用)”以转折引出应对方法。选项B“在这种时刻感到恐惧是正常的”承接上文的危险场景，解释了人们的情绪反应，同时衔接下文“保持冷静”的建议，符合语境。故选B。 2．上文“Close all windows and doors tightly, and stay away from glass, which may break when hit by strong wind or flying objects. (紧闭门窗，远离玻璃，以免玻璃被强风或飞行物击中而破裂)”强调了室内避险的要点，且提到“远离玻璃”的原因。选项F“如果你住在高层，这条规则尤为重要”进一步补充了“远离门窗/玻璃”的适用场景(高层更易受狂风影响)，符合语境。故选F。 3．根据上文“Strong wind and rain can be dangerous with electricity. If water begins to enter your home, turn off the main power in no time. Avoid touching wet plugs, wires, or electrical devices. Listen carefully to what’s happening around you. Sometimes a strange sound or sudden silence can mean trouble is near.(强风和暴雨与电接触在一起可能会非常危险。如果水开始渗入您的房屋，请立即切断主电源。避免触碰潮湿的插头、电线或电器设备。仔细留意周围发生的情况。有时一种奇怪的声音或突然的寂静可能意味着危险即将来临)”可知，本段强调stay alert（保持警觉）、留意异常声音，说明专心、警惕很重要。故G选项“在台风期间，集中注意力比体力更重要”符合语境，故选G。 4．根据后文“Follow the advice of local governments, even if the weather seems calmer for a moment. If the sky suddenly becomes calm, don’t be fooled — it is the “eye” of the typhoon that passes by. The wind can return even harder than before. So you should stay patient and wait for official news.(遵循当地政府的建议吧，即便此刻天气看似暂时平静下来。如果天空突然变得平静下来，也不要被迷惑——那其实是台风经过时留下的“台风眼”。风力可能会比之前更猛烈。所以你应该保持耐心，等待官方消息)”可知，后句提到即使暂时平静，也可能是台风眼，风会再次变强，对应台风随时会变化。故C选项“台风随时都可能改变方向或强度”符合语境，故选C。 5．根据后文“No one can stop the storm, but you can control how you face it. Take deep breaths, speak gently, and try to calm those around you. Help children, the elderly, or neighbors who might be alone. Courage grows when people care for each other. Kindness stands even in the strongest wind.(没有人能阻止风暴的到来，但你可以控制自己面对风暴的方式。深呼吸，语气温和，努力让周围的人也保持冷静。帮助孩子、老人或者可能独自一人的邻居。当人们相互关爱时，勇气就会增长。善良即使在最猛烈的风暴中也能存在)”可知，本段讲calm、help others、care for each other，对应“保持冷静、互相帮助”。故D选项“保持冷静，并相互支持”符合语境，故选D。 Passage 3 How to Survive a Disaster Disasters can strike at any moment. If you learn the right survival skills and stay calm, you can make a big difference between life and death. Survival requires calmness, quick thinking, careful preparation and following basic safety rules. 1 Preparation is the first step toward survival. First, know all the emergency exits and safe places around you. Then, prepare an emergency kit (急救箱) consisting of necessary things like bottled water, canned food, a flashlight with extra batteries, a basic first-aid kit, a whistle (哨子) to call for help and a phone charger. 2 Remember to replace old food and water and add useful things based on your needs. 3 Fear is your biggest enemy in a disaster. It can make you lose your judgment and do dangerous things. If you are trapped, use a whistle or flashlight to signal for help instead of shouting loudly, which will only waste your energy and make you feel more tired. After the disaster ends and everything seems quiet, don’t rush back to damaged buildings right away. 4 Go to a safe place that the government sets up and wait for their instructions instead. Listen to the radio or TV for updates on safety and rescue work, and wait until it’s announced safe to go back home. In short, surviving a disaster depends on good preparation, calmness when danger comes and following safety rules strictly. By getting well-prepared and knowing what to do, you can protect yourself and your loved ones. 5 After all, being ready for the unexpected is the best way. A．There are things you can prepare for your phone. B．Besides, you can help reduce the harm the disaster brings. C．In a disaster, staying calm is the most important thing of all. D．These can greatly help you get through a disaster without harm. E．Keep it in an easy-to-reach place and update it every six months. F．If an earthquake hits, drop to the ground at once and hide under a strong table. G．They may still fall suddenly or have hidden dangers, which can cause more accidents. 【答案】1．D 2．E 3．C 4．G 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍灾难生存方法：提前准备应急物品，灾难中保持冷静、正确求救，灾后不贸然返回危险建筑。做好准备、保持冷静、遵守规则，就能保护自己并减少灾害损失。 1．根据上文“Disasters can strike at any moment. If you learn the right survival skills and stay calm, you can make a big difference between life and death. Survival requires calmness, quick thinking, careful preparation and following basic safety rules.(灾难随时都可能降临。如果你掌握了正确的生存技能并且保持冷静，就能在生死之间产生重大影响。生存需要冷静、敏捷的思维、周全的准备以及遵循基本的安全规则)”可知，前一句提到生存需要冷静、快速反应、准备、遵守规则。D选项“这些能极大帮你平安度过灾难”承接上文总结作用，符合语境，故选D。 2．根据上文“Then, prepare an emergency kit (急救箱) consisting of necessary things like bottled water, canned food, a flashlight with extra batteries, a basic first-aid kit, a whistle (哨子) to call for help and a phone charger.(然后，准备一个应急包，里面应包含诸如瓶装水、罐装食品、带有备用电池的手电筒、基本的急救包、用于呼救的哨子以及手机充电器等必需物品)”可知，前一句讲准备急救箱里的物品。E选项“放在易取处，每6个月更新” 是对急救箱的补充说明，符合语境，故选E。 3．根据后文“Fear is your biggest enemy in a disaster. It can make you lose your judgment and do dangerous things. If you are trapped, use a whistle or flashlight to signal for help instead of shouting loudly, which will only waste your energy and make you feel more tired.(在灾难中，恐惧是你的最大敌人。它会让你失去判断力，做出危险的行为。如果你被困住，应使用哨子或手电筒发出求救信号，而不要大声呼喊，因为那样只会浪费你的体力，让你更加疲惫)”可知，本段核心是恐惧是最大敌人，要冷静、不浪费体力。C选项“灾难中保持冷静最重要”作为段落主题句，符合语境，故选C。 4．根据上文“After the disaster ends and everything seems quiet, don’t rush back to damaged buildings right away.(灾难结束，一切似乎都恢复平静之后，不要急于立刻返回那些受损的建筑物那里)”可知，前一句提到不要立刻回到受损建筑。G选项“它们可能突然倒塌或有隐患，造成更多事故”解释为什么不能回去，符合语境，故选G。 5．根据上文“By getting well-prepared and knowing what to do, you can protect yourself and your loved ones.(做好充分准备并清楚该怎么做，就能保护好自己以及所爱的人)”可知，前一句提到你可以保护自己和家人。B选项“此外，你还能帮助减少灾难带来的伤害” 承接并升华意义，符合语境，故选B。 Passage 4 We spoke with three experts — Tim McWelch, Warren Paddley, and Jeff Masters — about how to survive a disaster when you can’t evacuate. 1 Here are their tips and advice on surviving a natural disaster. McWelch: Every family should have an emergency plan that addresses the most likely disasters in their region. 2 These skills need to be learned and practiced long before that dangerous moment, because you simply won’t have time to read a survival book or watch a how-to video in a crisis. Get some first aid training, learn how to cook without a kitchen, figure out different ways to heat and cool at least one room in your home. 3 Paddley: A lot of people just can’t afford to buy all the survival things you need, but there are some basic things you must have in your homes. 4 People don’t realize how important that is until their power is off, and they’re stumbling (跌跌撞撞) around to find a flashlight (手电筒) that’s 10 years old with corroded (被腐蚀的) batteries inside. There are also solar-powered lanterns you can charge during the day. Masters: 5 For example, cell phones are great, but the towers can go down, so a land line (座机) is handy. Another critical thing is a battery-powered radio that can receive NOAA Weather Radio broadcasts. Get one that has the function to warn you when a weather warning is issued for your county. A．Develop an emergency plan. B．Store at least a week’s supply of food and water. C．The first thing is a reliable light source with extra batteries. D．Practical survival skills should also be part of every family’s game plan. E．Each one shared tips on preparation and remaining safe during the event. F．Often, people don’t realize some things would help them in the event of a disaster. G．Learn everything you can, since you never know what might be useful in a disaster. 【答案】1．E 2．D 3．G 4．C 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了三位专家分享的关于在无法撤离时如何在灾难中幸存的建议和技巧。 1．由上文“We spoke with three experts — Tim McWelch, Warren Paddley, and Jeff Masters — about how to survive a disaster when you can’t evacuate. (我们采访了三位专家——蒂姆·麦克韦尔奇、沃伦·帕德利和杰夫·马斯特斯——关于在无法撤离时如何应对灾难的问题。)”及下文“Here are their tips and advice on surviving a natural disaster. (以下是他们关于在自然灾害中生存的建议。)”可知，上文说明了采访了三位专家，下文引出专家们给出的建议，本空应说明每位专家都分享了他们的建议。E选项“Each one shared tips on preparation and remaining safe during the event. (每个人都分享了准备和在灾难发生期间保持安全的建议。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选E。 2．由上文“McWelch: Every family should have an emergency plan that addresses the most likely disasters in their region. (麦克韦尔奇：每个家庭都应该有一个应急计划，以应对该地区最有可能发生的灾难。)”及下文“These skills need to be learned and practiced long before that dangerous moment, because you simply won’t have time to read a survival book or watch a how-to video in a crisis. (这些技能需要在那个危险时刻到来之前很久就学会并练习，因为在危机中你根本没有时间去看生存手册或观看操作视频。)”可知，上文说明了每个家庭都应该有应急计划，下文引出除了应急计划，还需要掌握一些生存技能，本空应说明生存技能也是应急计划的一部分。D选项“Practical survival skills should also be part of every family’s game plan. (实用的生存技能也应该是每个家庭应急计划的一部分。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选D。 3．由上文“Get some first aid training, learn how to cook without a kitchen, figure out different ways to heat and cool at least one room in your home. (接受一些急救培训，学习如何在没有厨房的情况下做饭，找出不同的方法来加热和冷却你家中的至少一个房间。)”可知，上文列举了一些实用的生存技能，本空应总结要多学习各种技能。G选项“Learn everything you can, since you never know what might be useful in a disaster. (尽你所能学习一切，因为你永远不知道在灾难中什么可能有用。)”能总结上文，符合语境。故选G。 4．由上文“A lot of people just can’t afford to buy all the survival things you need, but there are some basic things you must have in your homes. (很多人买不起你需要的所有生存用品，但家里必须有一些基本的东西。)”及下文“People don’t realize how important that is until their power is off, and they’re stumbling (跌跌撞撞) around to find a flashlight (手电筒) that’s 10 years old with corroded (被腐蚀的) batteries inside. (人们直到停电，才意识到这一点的重要性，他们跌跌撞撞地四处寻找一个有10年历史的手电筒，里面的电池已经被腐蚀了。)”可知，上文说明了家里必须有一些基本的生存用品，下文通过举例说明手电筒的重要性，本空应具体说明家里要有照明的东西。C选项“The first thing is a reliable light source with extra batteries. (第一件事是有一个可靠的照明源和备用电池。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选C。 5．由下文“For example, cell phones are great, but the towers can go down, so a land line (座机) is handy. Another critical thing is a battery-powered radio that can receive NOAA Weather Radio broadcasts. (例如，手机很好，但信号塔可能会倒塌，所以座机很方便。另一件关键的事情是有一个电池供电的收音机，可以接收NOAA气象广播。)”可知，下文通过举例说明在灾难中一些看似平常但非常重要的物品，本空应说明人们常常没有意识到一些物品在灾难中的重要性。F选项“Often, people don’t realize some things would help them in the event of a disaster.(通常，人们没有意识到一些东西会在灾难中帮助他们。)”能引出下文，符合语境。故选F。 Passage 5 How to Survive a High-Rise Fire Saving trapped people on upper floors in high-rise buildings is a challenge for the fire department as fire truck ladders only reach a maximum of 33m. If trapped, you need to wait a while for rescue. 1 An unexpected fire alarm will be scary, but panicking won’t help. Stay calm, and try to figure out where the fire happen. 2 If it is cool, you should be able to leave for the nearest exit. Be sure to close all the doors behind you, so you don’t give the fire more oxygen to keep burning. 3 Smoke inhalation (吸入) is the leading cause of death in fires. If you have to pass through smoke, make sure you crawl (匍匐前行) your way on all fours and cover your mouth and nose with your shirt to help filter (过滤) out the smoke as you breathe. If it’s too dangerous to leave your apartment, you’re still going to need to protect yourself against smoke coming in. Get to an area where you can close the door. 4 Once you’ve done that, you should call the fire department, and report your exact location in the building. 5 But don’t break it, and don’t jump. You’ll likely have better chances of survival waiting calmly inside for help to arrive. A．Then feel the door to your unit. B．You can open the window wide and ask for help. C．Run as fast as possible while passing through smoke. D．Try to avoid breathing in smoke as much as possible. E．And what you do during that time can be truly life-or-death. F．And place wet towels or cloths under doors to help keep the smoke out. G．You can also signal by hanging a light-colored cloth out of your window. 【答案】1．E 2．A 3．D 4．F 5．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍高层火灾自救方法：被困后保持冷静，摸门温判断是否逃生并随手关门，防烟匍匐捂口鼻，无法逃生则堵门阻烟，报警报位置并挂布求救，切勿砸窗跳楼。 1．前文“Saving trapped people on upper floors in high-rise buildings is a challenge for the fire department as fire truck ladders only reach a maximum of 33m. If trapped, you need to wait a while for rescue.( 在高层建筑中营救被困在高层的人员对消防部门来说是一项挑战，因为消防车的云梯最大只能伸展到 33 米的高度。如果被困，你需要等待一段时间才能得到救援。)”提到高层火灾中消防车云梯有限，被困后需等待救援，空白处衔接等待救援的这段时间的重要性。E项“And what you do during that time can be truly life-or-death.( 而你在这段时间的所作所为可能关乎生死。)”，承接“等待救援”的语境，突出后续自救方法的必要性，承上启下逻辑紧密。故选E项。 2．前文“Stay calm, and try to figure out where the fire happen. (保持冷静，试着找出火灾发生的地点。)”说要冷静判断火灾位置，后文“If it is cool, you should be able to leave for the nearest exit.( 如果门是凉的，你应该能够前往最近的出口离开。)”提到“如果门是凉的，就可以前往最近的出口”，空白处需填判断门温的动作。A 项“Then feel the door to your unit.( 然后摸一下你房间的门。)”，衔接“判断火灾位置”的动作，且与后文“门凉则可离开”的场景直接呼应，是火灾自救的常规操作。故选A项。 3．后文“Smoke inhalation (吸入) is the leading cause of death in fires. If you have to pass through smoke, make sure you crawl (匍匐前行) your way on all fours and cover your mouth and nose with your shirt to help filter (过滤) out the smoke as you breathe.( 吸入烟雾是火灾中导致死亡的主要原因。如果你必须穿过烟雾，一定要趴在地上爬行，并用衬衫捂住口鼻，以便在呼吸时过滤掉烟雾。)”核心讲“烟雾吸入是火灾致死的主要原因”，并给出匍匐前行、捂住口鼻的防烟方法，空白处需为该段主旨句。D项“Try to avoid breathing in smoke as much as possible.( 尽量避免吸入烟雾。)”，精准概括本段核心——防烟自救，引出后文具体的防烟措施，贴合段落主旨。故选D项。 4．前文“If it’s too dangerous to leave your apartment, you’ re still going to need to protect yourself against smoke coming in. Get to an area where you can close the door.( 如果离开你的公寓太危险了，你仍然需要保护自己不让烟雾进入。找到一个可以关闭门的地方。)”说若无法离开公寓，需找能关门的区域阻挡烟雾进入，空白处需填具体的阻烟方法。F项“And place wet towels or cloths under doors to help keep the smoke out.( 并在门下放湿毛巾或布来阻挡烟雾进入.)”，是关门后阻烟的经典自救动作，承接前文“防烟”的核心需求，细节匹配。故选F项。 5．前文“Once you’ve done that, you should call the fire department, and report your exact location in the building.( 一旦完成了上述操作，您就应该拨打消防部门的电话，并准确告知所在建筑物的具体位置。)”说要拨打消防电话报告具体位置，后文“But don’t break it, and don’t jump.( 但请不要破坏它，也不要跳下去。)”提到“但不要砸窗、不要跳楼，留在室内等待救援”，空白处需填合理的求救方式。G项“You can also signal by hanging a light-colored cloth out of your window.( 你还可以通过从窗户悬挂一块浅色的布发求救信号。)”是无接触、安全的视觉求救方式 ，与“报告位置”的求救行为形成并列补充，符合语境。故选G项。 Passage 6 How to Stay Safe During a Thunderstorm During the summer months, people spend more time outdoors, but the summer brings more than just hot weather, it is also lightning season. Lightning is not something to be taken lightly. 1 . However, there are ways that you can stay safe during a thunderstorm. Here are some tips on how to reduce your risk of being struck by lightning. Go inside as soon as possible Staying outside during a thunderstorm is very dangerous. You must be in a building where all the sides are enclosed. Even being in a car is safer than being outside. 2 . Stay low to the ground If you cannot get to a shelter, stay as low as possible, so that you are not the tallest thing around in a storm. 3 . Avoid places like fields, or hilltops and stay away from tall, isolated trees. 4 When your mother told you not to run water during a thunderstorm, she was right. Water is a dangerous conductor of electricity, which can travel through it in the pipes and enter your home. Don’t ignore thunder If you are close enough to hear thunder, you are close enough to get struck by lighting so take cover immediately. Lightning can actually strike 10 to 15 miles away from the core of the thunderstorm. Some lightning can strike an area where it is not raining yet. 5 . A．Avoid using running water B．Don’t touch anything connected to the outdoors C．If you are hiking on a mountain, go down and not up D．In fact, lightning is dangerous and can strike without warning E．So don’t stay in the pool or play an extra game until the rain starts F．Lightning can still strike even after the storm seems to have passed G．The metal shell of it spreads the lightning around you and to the ground 【答案】1．D 2．G 3．C 4．A 5．E 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一些在雷雨天气中保持安全的方法，包括尽快进入室内、保持低姿态、避免使用流水、不要忽视雷声等，以降低被雷击的风险。 1．上文“Lightning is not something to be taken lightly. (闪电不是可以掉以轻心的事情)”说明闪电的危险性，D项“In fact, lightning is dangerous and can strike without warning (事实上，闪电很危险，可能会毫无预兆地袭击)”进一步强调了闪电的危险性，与上文一致，故选D。 2．上文“Even being in a car is safer than being outside. (即使待在车里也比待在外面安全)”说明待在车里更安全，G项“The metal shell of it spreads the lightning around you and to the ground (它的金属外壳把闪电分散到你周围和地面上)”解释了为什么待在车里更安全，与上文紧密联系，故选G。 3．上文“If you cannot get to a shelter, stay as low as possible, so that you are not the tallest thing around in a storm. (如果你找不到避难所，尽可能保持低姿态，这样你就不是风暴中最高的物体)”说明在找不到避难所时要保持低姿态，C项“If you are hiking on a mountain, go down and not up (如果你在山上徒步旅行，往下走而不是往上走)”是对上文的具体举例，符合语境，故选C。 4．下文“When your mother told you not to run water during a thunderstorm, she was right. (当你妈妈告诉你在雷雨天气不要用水时，她是对的)”说明雷雨天气要避免使用流水，A项“Avoid using running water (避免使用流水)”是下文的概括，符合语境，故选A。 5．上文“If you are close enough to hear thunder, you are close enough to get struck by lightning so take cover immediately. Lightning can actually strike 10 to 15 miles away from the core of the thunderstorm. Some lightning can strike an area where it is not raining yet. (如果你离得足够近能听到雷声，那么你离被闪电击中也就足够近了，所以请立即躲避。闪电实际上可以击中距离雷暴中心10到15英里的地方。有些闪电可以击中还没有下雨的地方)”说明雷雨天气的危险性，E项“So don’t stay in the pool or play an extra game until the rain starts (所以不要待在游泳池里，也不要在雨开始前再玩一场游戏)”是对上文的进一步说明，符合语境，故选E。 Passage 7 The biggest threat in a hurricane is not the wind, but the water. Flooding from heavy rain can happen at any time, anywhere, as climate change makes violent downpours more common. 1 Proper actions after flooding will protect you effectively. 2 The Federal Emergency Management Agency says the first thing you should do is check for things like broken electric lines, gas lines and cracks on the floor to make sure it’s safe to go inside. If it is, and there’s no standing water in the house, turn off utilities like the electricity. If you smell gas, or hear a hissing sound, call the fire department immediately. And remember to keep your distance from the house. Do not go in the floodwater. 3 It may give you an electric shock, and there are often sharp objects and poisonous chemicals in it. Even water that looks clear can be dangerous. So, if you can wait for the water to fall back or for help to come, that’s your best choice, says Jennifer Horney, a professor at the University of Delaware who studies the public-health impacts of disasters. 4 Use your cellphone to take a lot of pictures of the outside and the inside of your house. You’re recording the damage and trying to show how high the water got. These photos are key to making an insurance claim (保险索赔) or applying for federal assistance. 5 A．If necessary, get someone to fix it. B．Document damage with photos timely. C．First, cut off utilities and ensure safety. D．Floodwater carries many hidden dangers. E．Never ever step into floodwater no matter what happens. F．As the water falls back, the long, slow process of recovery begins. G．This will make up for your loss to some degree after the hurricane. 【答案】1．F 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍飓风来临时洪水的危害，并给出洪水过后人们应采取的安全措施及恢复建议，以有效保护自身和减少损失。 1．根据上文“Flooding from heavy rain can happen at any time, anywhere, as climate change makes violent downpours more common. (随着气候变化使暴雨变得更加频繁，暴雨引发的洪水可能在任何时间、任何地点发生。)”以及下文“Proper actions after flooding will protect you effectively. (洪水过后采取适当的行动将有效保护你。)”可知，此处应衔接上文“洪水易发生”的现状，引出下文“洪水后应对措施”，F选项“As the water falls back, the long, slow process of recovery begins. (当洪水退去后，漫长而缓慢的恢复过程就开始了。)”既呼应了上文的“洪水”，又自然过渡到下文的“洪水后行动”，符合语境。故选F项。 2．根据下文“The Federal Emergency Management Agency says the first thing you should do is check for things like broken electric lines, gas lines and cracks on the floor to make sure it’s safe to go inside. If it is, and there’s no standing water in the house, turn off utilities like the electricity. (美国联邦应急管理局表示，你应该做的第一件事是检查断裂的电线、煤气管道和地板裂缝，以确保可以安全进入屋内。如果安全，且屋内没有积水，关闭电力等公用设施。)”可知，该段主要围绕“洪水后先确保安全、关闭公用设施”展开，此处应是该段主旨句，概括核心动作，C选项“First, cut off utilities and ensure safety. (首先，切断公用设施并确保安全。)”能够概括该段内容，与下文的具体操作步骤相呼应，符合语境。故选C项。 3．根据上文“Do not go in the floodwater. (不要进入洪水中。)”以及下文“It may give you an electric shock, and there are often sharp objects and poisonous chemicals in it. (它可能会电到你，而且里面通常有尖锐物品和有毒化学物质。)”可知，此处应进一步说明“不要进入洪水”的原因，D选项“Floodwater carries many hidden dangers. (洪水暗藏许多隐患。)”既承接上文的警告，又引出下文洪水的具体危害，符合语境。故选D项。 4．根据下文“Use your cellphone to take a lot of pictures of the outside and the inside of your house. You’re recording the damage and trying to show how high the water got. (用手机给房子的外部和内部拍很多照片。你要记录下损坏情况，并尽量展示水位有多高。)”可知，该段主要围绕“用照片记录洪水造成的损坏”展开，此处应是该段主旨句，引出“拍照记录”这一动作，B选项“Document damage with photos timely. (及时用照片记录损坏情况。)”能够概括该段核心内容，与下文的具体拍照要求相呼应，符合语境。故选B项。 5．根据上文“These photos are key to making an insurance claim or applying for federal assistance. (这些照片是申请保险理赔或联邦援助的关键。)”可知，此处应说明拍照记录损坏情况的作用，G选项“This will make up for your loss to some degree after the hurricane. (这将在一定程度上弥补飓风过后你的损失。)”中的This指代上文“用照片申请理赔和援助”，且说明了其具体作用，符合语境。故选G项。 Passage 8 Natural disasters can happen at any time, and schools are no exception. Here are some steps for students to take to survive when a natural disaster hits schools. Prepare an emergency kit. Every student should have a personal emergency kit. 1 Keeping this kit at hand can ensure students are always prepared. Practice regular drills. Regular disaster drills (演习) are just as important as fire drills. They help students learn what to do in real emergency situations. Schools should conduct such drills regularly to ensure that students know what to do when a real disaster occurs. 2 Recognize safe areas. 3 When a disaster hits, students should quickly head to the nearest safe area that can provide the best protection. Examples include hallways, under desks, or designated shelter areas. These areas should be decided in advance within the school. 4 Different areas may face different types of natural disasters. For example, coastal areas are more likely to experience hurricanes, and landslides are a main danger in mountainous areas. So schools should teach students knowledge about the specific type of disaster in their local area. Take action in different situations. Students should stay calm and take immediate action based on different situations. For example, during a tornado, they should move to the lowest floor of the building and take cover under stable furniture. 5 Earthquakes require us to drop to the ground, take cover under a table, and hold on until the shake stops. A．Understand the risk types. B．Teach local disaster preparations. C．A single drill is enough for students to learn perfectly. D．This will help students react quickly and minimize the risk. E．Knowing where safe zones are in the school can be a lifesaver. F．In the event of a flood, students should move to higher grounds. G．It should include necessary items like batteries and first-aid kit, etc. 【答案】1．G 2．D 3．E 4．A 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了校园遭遇自然灾害时学生的求生方法。 1．根据上文“Every student should have a personal emergency kit.(每个学生都应该准备一个个人应急包。)”和下文“Keeping this kit at hand can ensure students are always prepared.(将这个应急包装在身边能确保学生时刻做好准备。)”可知，上文提出准备个人应急包的要求，下文强调应急包随身携带的重要性，空处应具体说明应急包的构成，对“emergency kit”做补充解释。选项G“It should include necessary items like batteries and first-aid kit, etc.(里面应装有电池、急救箱等必要物品。)”符合语境。故选G。 2．根据上文“Practice regular drills. Regular disaster drills (演习) are just as important as fire drills. They help students learn what to do in real emergency situations. Schools should conduct such drills regularly to ensure that students know what to do when a real disaster occurs. (定期练习。定期的灾难演习与消防演习同样重要。他们帮助学生学习在真正的紧急情况下该做什么。学校应定期进行此类演习，以确保学生知道当真正的灾难发生时该怎么办)”可知，上文重点阐述学校定期开展灾害演习的具体做法和目的，空处位于本段末尾，需要总结演习的最终效果。选项D“This will help students react quickly and minimize the risk.(这能帮助学生快速反应，将风险降到最低。) ”中“help students react quickly”和“minimize the risk”是演习带来的两大核心效果。故选D。 3．根据段落小标题“Recognize safe areas.(识别安全区域。)”和下文“When a disaster hits, students should quickly head to the nearest safe area that can provide the best protection.(灾害发生时，学生应迅速前往最近的、能提供最佳保护的安全区域。)”可知，本题为段首主旨句后的衔接句，上文提出识别安全区域的核心要求，下文说明灾害发生时的具体做法，空处需要承接主旨，强调知晓校园安全区域的重要性。选项E“Knowing where safe zones are in the school can be a lifesaver.(知晓校园内的安全区域位置能挽救生命。)”直接对应主旨句的Recognize safe areas，符合语境，safe zones与safe areas为同义替换。故选E。 4．空处为段落主旨句。根据下文“Different areas may face different types of natural disasters. For example, coastal areas are more likely to experience hurricanes, and landslides are a main danger in mountainous areas. So schools should teach students knowledge about the specific type of disaster in their local area.(不同地区可能面临不同类型的自然灾害。例如，沿海地区更有可能遭受飓风，山体滑坡是山区的主要危险。因此，学校应该向学生传授当地特定类型灾害的知识)”可知，下文围绕不同地区的灾害类型不同、需学习当地具体灾害知识展开，核心关键词为different types of natural disasters、specific type of disaster，因此空处需要概括本段核心，提炼出“了解灾害类型”的观点。选项A“Understand the risk types.(了解灾害风险类型。)”直接概括本段核心。故选A。 5．根据上文“Students should stay calm and take immediate action based on different situations. For example, during a tornado, they should move to the lowest floor of the building and take cover under stable furniture.(学生应保持冷静，根据不同情况立即采取行动。例如，在龙卷风期间，他们应该搬到建筑物的最低楼层，躲在稳定的家具下)”和下文“Earthquakes require us to drop to the ground, take cover under a table, and hold on until the shake stops.(地震时要趴在地上，躲在桌子下，坚持到震动停止。)”可知，上文提出因地制宜采取行动的观点，且用For example举例，先后列举了龙卷风、地震的应对方法，空处位于两者之间，需要延续“举例说明不同灾害的具体做法” 的逻辑，补充另一种自然灾害的应对方式。选项F“In the event of a flood, students should move to higher grounds.(发生洪水时，学生应前往高地)”与龙卷风、地震的举例格式完全一致，衔接自然，符合题意。故选F。 重难语篇练习 Passage 1 Floods can strike quickly and with little warning in many parts of the world. 1 Here is a simple guide to keep you and your family safe. Make a flood survival plan. 2 This plan should include contact information and meeting points. Pick several meeting spots in case you need to leave home, such as a shelter in your area. Make sure everyone knows where these locations are and how to get there safely. Prepare an emergency kit. Get ready a kit that includes basic necessities. 3 Pack at least three gallons of water per person so everyone can drink a gallon a day. Also, remember to include a first aid kit, any special medications your family needs, warm clothing, and personal identification documents stored in a waterproof (防水的) bag. 4 Some people think they can ride out the flood, but keep yourself safe by taking proper action. When you are in a car, you need to move to higher ground immediately. Please avoid crossing through flood waters. Even water up to your ankles (脚踝) can be dangerous. You can’t see how deep the water is the rest of the way. Follow news and warnings. Once you are safe, do not return home until the authorities say it is safe to do so. In addition, listen for the authorities to say that water from the community water supply is safe to drink. 5 A．Escape flood waters. B．Move your car to a safe place. C．This will help prevent illness and further damage. D．Check your food supplies regularly and replace bad ones. E．Surviving a flood depends on your preparation and action. F．A good kit should have three-day food and water for everyone. G．You can sit down with your family to work out a plan of action. 【答案】1．E 2．G 3．F 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕“如何在洪水中保障自身和家人的安全”展开，从制定洪水求生计划、准备应急包、躲避洪水、关注新闻预警四个方面，给出了简单且实用的避险指南，核心强调洪水避险的准备与行动的重要性。 1．根据上文“Floods can strike quickly and with little warning in many parts of the world.(在世界许多地区，洪水可能会突然来袭，且几乎没有预警)”以及下文“Here is a simple guide to keep you and your family safe.(以下是一份保障你和家人安全的简易指南)”可知，空格处需要承上启下，点明洪水避险的核心关键，衔接后文的具体指南。E选项“Surviving a flood depends on your preparation and action.(能否在洪水中幸存，取决于你的准备和行动)”精准契合语境，既承接了洪水突发的特点，又引出后文的具体准备和行动方法，符合要求。故选E项。 2．根据本段小标题“Make a flood survival plan.(制定洪水求生计划)”以及下文“This plan should include contact information and meeting points.(这份计划应包含联系方式和集合地点)”可知，空格处需要说明具体如何制定该计划，贴合“制定计划”的主题。G选项“You can sit down with your family to work out a plan of action.(你可以和家人一起坐下来，制定一份行动计划)”中的“work out a plan of action”与小标题的“Make a flood survival plan”相呼应，且引出下文计划的具体内容，符合语境。故选G项。 3．根据本段小标题“Prepare an emergency kit.(准备应急包)”以及上文“Get ready a kit that includes basic necessities.(准备一个包含生活必需品的应急包)”、下文“Pack at least three gallons of water per person so everyone can drink a gallon a day.(为每人准备至少三加仑的水，确保每人每天能喝一加仑)”可知，空格处需要具体说明应急包中应包含的食物和水等基础物资，衔接上下文。F选项“A good kit should have three-day food and water for everyone.(一个合格的应急包应为每个人准备够三天的食物和水)”紧扣“应急包”主题，既承接前文的“生活必需品”，又为后文的备水细节做铺垫，符合语境。故选F项。 4．此处为段落小标题，需概括本段核心内容。根据下文“Some people think they can ride out the flood, but keep yourself safe by taking proper action. When you are in a car, you need to move to higher ground immediately. Please avoid crossing through flood waters.(有些人认为可以熬过去，但要采取恰当行动保证自身安全。在车里时，需立即前往高地，切勿涉水)”可知，本段核心是讲述遭遇洪水时如何躲避、远离洪水区域，保障自身安全。A选项“Escape flood waters.(躲避洪水)”精准概括本段主旨，统领全段内容，符合小标题要求。故选A项。 5．根据上文“Once you are safe, do not return home until the authorities say it is safe to do so. In addition, listen for the authorities to say that water from the community water supply is safe to drink.(一旦安全，需等官方通知后方可回家。此外，要等待官方告知市政供水可安全饮用后再饮用)”可知，空格处需要说明遵循上述这些预警要求的作用和意义。C选项“This will help prevent illness and further damage.(这将有助于预防疾病和进一步的损失)”中的“This”指代前文遵循官方预警、不贸然回家、不随意饮用自来水的行为，点明这些做法的积极作用，符合语境。故选C项。 Passage 2 How AI Will Help Predict Natural Disasters? Beneath California lie faults — places where rocks slide past, over, or under one another. When they move at an alarming rate, the ground shakes violently, causing destructive earthquakes. Nothing can be done to stop them, but understanding where they are likely to happen and how powerful they may be means communities can prepare. 1 They employ seismometers (地震仪) to record seismic waves — a bit like music, with notes and rhythm changes that reveal what created them, where they lie, and how they behave. Because California is so geologically active, the region has massive amounts of data. 2 Many tiny, imperceptible quakes are difficult to spot, especially when their signals are similar to background noise from traffic. Inspired by machine-learning programs that can identify and categorize elements within images with unmatched accuracy, a researcher at Caltech applied a similar idea to seismology. He used algorithms (算法) to search for patterns of tiny quakes in seismic data and soon identified nearly two million hidden events from 2008 to 2017. 3 Although early programs could only find quakes similar to those they had been trained on, newer self-learning systems can recognize novel events and make predictions about the future. 4 They are now used across California to spot slowly slow-moving earthquake faults invisible to traditional methods. 5 In areas at high risk of earthquakes like Tokyo, for instance, AI software analyzes images from cameras positioned around the city to recognize fires and building collapse and to alert authorities instantly. Such systems save precious time for search and rescue. While AI will not replace human scientists, it is becoming as ordinary — and as vital — as the seismometers themselves. A．AI may also improve earthquake early-warning systems. B．In some way, AI, trained with enough data, may one day take the place of human instincts. C．It is covered in so many seismometers that there is more data than human experts could reasonably handle. D．These machine-learning programs are still evolving and have gone beyond detecting quiet quakes and hidden faults. E．To reduce the effects of future disasters, researchers draw maps of the underworld, charting every fault and monitoring its behavior. F．Such programs as mentioned are still being tested for real-life applications. G．This revealed a complex network of faults that previous studies had missed. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．G 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能在预测自然灾害方面的应用。 1．上文“Nothing can be done to stop them, but understanding where they are likely to happen and how powerful they may be means communities can prepare.(没有什么办法可以阻止它们，但了解它们可能发生在哪里以及它们可能有多强大意味着社区可以做好准备。)”指出要减少灾害影响，就要搞清楚地震可能在哪儿发生、强度多大；下文“They employ seismometers to record seismic waves.(他们使用地震仪来记录地震波。)”指出他们用地震仪记录地震波，来“听出”地下的情况。由此可知，空处应该描述研究人员为了减少未来灾害的影响所采取的行动，选项E“为了减少未来灾害的影响，研究人员绘制了地下世界的地图，绘制了每一条断层并监测其行为”符合语境，选项E中的“To reduce the effects of future disasters”与上文提到的“communities can prepare”相呼应，选项E中的“charting every fault and monitoring its behavior”与下文提到的“employ seismometers to record seismic waves”相呼应。故选E。 2．上文“Because California is so geologically active, the region has massive amounts of data.(由于加州地质活动频繁，该地区拥有大量的数据。)”指出加州地质活跃，数据量巨大。下文“Many tiny, imperceptible quakes are difficult to spot, especially when their signals are similar to background noise from traffic.(许多微小的、难以察觉的地震很难被发现，尤其是当它们的信号与交通背景噪音相似时。)”指出很多小地震很难被发现，暗示 “数据太多、太杂，人眼/人脑处理不过来”。由此可知，空处应该描述加州地震数据之多以及人类专家处理这些数据的困难，选项C“这里布满了地震仪，数据之多超出了人类专家的合理处理能力”符合语境，选项C中的“more data than human experts could reasonably handle”与上文提到的“massive amounts of data”相呼应，选项C中的“covered in so many seismometers”与下文提到的“Many tiny, imperceptible quakes are difficult to spot”相呼应。故选C。 3．上文“He used algorithms to search for patterns of tiny quakes in seismic data and soon identified nearly two million hidden events from 2008 to 2017.(他使用算法在地震数据中搜索微小地震的模式，并很快从2008年到2017年发现了近200万起隐藏事件。)”指出用算法找到了大量 “隐藏的小地震”。由此可知，空处应该描述这一发现带来了什么结果，选项G“这揭示了一个复杂的断层网络，而先前的研究遗漏了这一点”符合语境，选项G中的“This revealed a complex network of faults”与上文提到的“identified nearly two million hidden events”相呼应。故选G。 4．上文“Although early programs could only find quakes similar to those they had been trained on, newer self-learning systems can recognize novel events and make predictions about the future.(尽管早期的程序只能找到与它们训练过的类似的地震，但新的自学系统可以识别新事件并对未来做出预测。)”指出早期程序只能找 “见过的” 地震，新的自学习系统能识别新情况、做预测。下文“They are now used across California to spot slowly slow-moving earthquake faults invisible to traditional methods.(它们现在在加州各地被用来发现传统方法无法看到的缓慢移动的地震断层。)”指出现在已经在加州广泛使用，用来发现传统方法看不到的缓慢移动断层。由此可知，空处说明这些机器学习程序在进化，功能已经不止于发现小地震。选项D“这些机器学习程序仍在不断发展，已经超越了检测静地震和隐藏断层的能力”符合语境，选项D中的“These machine-learning programs are still evolving”与上文提到的“newer self-learning systems”相呼应，选项D中的“have gone beyond detecting quiet quakes and hidden faults”与下文提到的“spot slowly slow-moving earthquake faults invisible to traditional methods”相呼应。故选D。 5．下文“In areas at high risk of earthquakes like Tokyo, for instance, AI software analyzes images from cameras positioned around the city to recognize fires and building collapse and to alert authorities instantly.(例如，在东京等地震高风险地区，人工智能软件分析城市周围摄像头拍摄的图像，识别火灾和建筑物倒塌，并立即向当局发出警报。)”指出人工智能软件在地震高风险地区的应用。由此可知，空处应该描述人工智能在地震预警方面的应用，选项A“人工智能还可以改进地震预警系统”符合语境，选项A中的“AI may also improve earthquake early-warning systems”与下文提到的“AI software analyzes images…to alert authorities instantly”相呼应。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $