专题04 阅读理解之说明文15篇（长沙专用）（中考真题+中考模拟）-2026年长沙中考英语总复习(语法+题型)

专题04 阅读理解之说明文15篇 （长沙专用） 内容导航 内容速递 中考真题练习 中考模拟练习 内容速递 本资料共15篇专项训练 中考真题练习 聚焦真题 明确考点 各地市联考真题练习 专注模拟 争夺高分 中考真题练习 What should you do when you can’t find the time to do a long workout? Have you heard of exercise snacks (零食式锻炼)? Exercise snacks are a popular and inventive new way for people to stay fit. Instead of spending hours on the playground, people break that “large meal” into exercise “snacks”. These exercises can last anywhere from 20 seconds to two minutes. Then you can have a rest for 30 minutes to four hours before another snack. It is reported that exercise snacks can be as useful as traditional exercise methods. Just three exercise snacks a day can benefit (使受益) your physical health. Besides that, there are lots of other benefits. Your concentration (专注力) and creativity get better, and you can become more productive. Also, “snacking” throughout the day stops you from sitting too long. There are so many acceptable exercise snacks, like doing sit-ups, jumping rope or running up and down some stairs (楼梯). But for those who don’t know where to start, here are some helpful exercise choices: Exercises such as lifting weights will satisfy the needs. Since most people don’t keep weights at their offices, lift full water bottles. Squats (深蹲) — moving your body as if to sit down while keeping your back straight. Five to ten of these should make a good snack. For those who don’t like traditional exercises, simply turn up the music. Pick a lively song and start dancing. It’ll make for a fun workout. What are you waiting for? Let’s get moving. Your body will thank you for it! 1．How long can an exercise snack last according to the passage? A．20 seconds to two minutes.B．30 minutes to four hours. C．Five to ten minutes. 2．Which is an acceptable exercise snack mentioned in the passage? A．Doing math exercises. B．Eating snacks. C．Doing sit-ups. 3．What is the writer’s attitude (态度) to exercise snacks? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To change traditional eating habits. B．To introduce an inventive new way to stay fit. C．To encourage people to do long-time outdoor exercise. 中考模拟真题练习 Have you noticed a new kind of running shoes at school recently? Many students are wearing them. They look very cool, have thick soles (鞋底), and cost a lot of money. People call them “carbon plate” shoes. Some young runners believe these shoes are magic. They think, “If I wear these, I will run faster and get better marks in PE class.” But there is a secret about these shoes that you should know. These shoes are not just normal trainers. They are like powerful machines for your feet. Inside the thick foam (泡沫), there is a hard plate made of a material called carbon. This plate is very hard. It works like a strong spring. When a runner steps down, the plate bends and then pushes the runner forward with a lot of energy. This is wonderful for professional athletes who run marathons. However, for a student like you, this “magic” might actually be dangerous. Why are they dangerous? The problem is that your body is still changing. As a teenager, your foot bones are not fully hard yet. They are still growing. Because the carbon plate is so stiff, it does not move easily. Instead, it forces your foot into a fixed shape. If you wear them every day, the shoe fights against your natural foot movement. This can cause serious trouble. Doctors are now seeing many children with foot injuries because of these shoes. If you wear them to walk to school or play with friends, your feet can get hurt. You might feel a sharp pain in your ankles (脚腕) or your knees. So, what should you do? It is okay to wear them for a short race if you are a serious runner. But please do not wear them all day long. For walking and playing, simple and soft sneakers (运动鞋) are much better. They let your feet move freely. Remember, cool shoes are nice, but healthy feet are the most important thing! 1．Why do many students like wearing “carbon plate” shoes? A．Because the shoes are cool, have thick soles and cost a lot. B．Because students need to practice running to get high marks every day. C．Because the shoes are magical and good for teenagers’ feet. 2．How do the shoes work when a runner steps down? A．The soles are thick enough to give the magic power to runners. B．The plate bends and then pushes the runner forward with lots of energy. C．The carbon plate is so hard, and it can move easily and lightly. 3．What problem may students face if they wear “carbon plate” shoes every day? A．They may spend too much money on the expensive shoes. B．They may feel a sharp pain in their ankles or knees. C．They may not run faster in the PE class races. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Future of Teen Health B．The Fashion of the Teen “Cool Shoes” C．The Hidden Dangers of Teen “Super Shoes” Scientists have been trying to make soft and friendly robots, like Disney’s Baymax, for years. And they have finally done it. The “octobot” is the world’s first soft robot. It is not like the scary, metal robots in movies like Star Wars or The Terminator. Instead, it is made of soft material, and looks just like an octopus (章鱼). Octobot is also the first soft robot that controls itself without batteries or wires (电线), according to its researchers at Harvard University in the US. The hope is that one day, soft robots like this will help humans do difficult medical surgery (外科手术) and save lives in emergencies like earthquakes and storms. Humans won’t be in danger of being hurt if the robot accidentally touches you too hard. The octobot gets power from a chemical reaction (化学反应). It pushes gas through the robot’s body and makes its legs dance. They used a 3D printer to create its silicone (硅酮) body. “Humans ourselves, we’re very soft, and soft robots are made of materials that are safe for us to interact with,” PhD student Ryan Truby, one of the octobot researchers, told the BBC． Barry Trimmer, the editor-in-chief of Soft Robotics, told NPR that “Soft robots and soft material technologies are surely needed if we expect them to help us in the home or in natural environments.” They may not all look like an octopus in the future, though. Scientists have studied jellyfish (水母) and even cockroaches (蟑螂) in their research so far. 1．What is the main difference between the octobot and traditional robots? A．The octobot is made of metal. B．The octobot is much larger. C．The octobot is made of soft materials. 2．How does the octobot get its power? A．Through solar panels. B．Through a chemical reaction. C．Through an electrical wire. 3．What does Ryan Truby think of the octobot? A．It costs less money to make it. B．Its materials are safe for humans. C．It can help people in every field. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Robot shows soft side. B．Metal friend is on the move. C．Robot made to serve us. Pip Williams is an Australian writer and social researcher. Her writing comes from doing lots of historical research. People really like her because she can always bring back stories that were almost forgotten and discuss emotional topics with grace (优雅地). The Bookbinder of Jericho is set during World War I, and the novel follows twin sisters Peggy and Maude, who work at the Oxford University Press. Their job is to fold printed pages that will become books, but Peggy wants more from life. Secretly collecting unwanted pages to read, Peggy dreams of studying at Oxford, even though society, money, and her duty to Maude stand in her way. Maude lives with a disability, and Peggy feels responsible for her. During the war, Peggy makes friends with Lotte, who used to be a librarian, and Bastiaan, a wounded soldier. These new friendships inspire her to take action, and Gwen, an Oxford student, encourages her to apply (申请) to Somerville College, one of the few colleges open to women. The novel explores Peggy’s inner struggle (内心挣扎). She wants to receive an education but is worried about leaving Maude behind. In the end, she has to decide what kind of future she wants and what she’s ready to give up to achieve her goal. What makes The Bookbinder of Jericho one of the best books to read is its honest look at ambition and quiet resistance (反抗). It shows how language and learning can offer freedom, even when you face many difficulties. If you read it carefully, you will find several themes in the book: the importance of knowledge, the fight for women’s rights, and the lives history forgets. The Bookbinder of Jericho doesn’t shout, but it says a lot. And in that silence, it finds its power. 1．What is special about Pip Williams’ writing? A．She gives voice to forgotten stories and feelings. B．She creates exciting new worlds. C．She writes about famous historical events. 2．Why does Peggy collect unwanted pages? A．To make a new book. B．To recycle the waste paper. C．To get more knowledge. 3．What do Peggy’s new friends do for her? A．They give her courage to achieve dreams. B．They find a different job for her. C．They pay money for her education. 4．What can you infer from the last paragraph about The Bookbinder of Jericho? A．It is about silence. B．It is quiet but powerful. C．It has very little dialogue. Sleep makes us happier, gives us more energy, and helps us focus. It is also very important for brain development, which is why babies sleep so much. Scientists have studied sleep in babies and adults a lot, but they know less about teenagers’ sleep. The teenage years are a key time for brain growth, yet many teens start going to bed later and sleeping less. To find out more about how sleep affects teenagers, a team of researchers from China and the UK studied information from the ABCD Project, which included over 3,000 children aged 11-12. The children wore a watch-like device to track (追踪) their sleep. They were divided into three groups based on how long they slept each night. The first group slept about 7 hours and 10 minutes, the second about 7 hours and 21 minutes, and the third about 7 hours and 25 minutes. At school, the three groups performed similarly overall. But on special tests that checked how the brain works like reading and solving problems, the group with the most sleep did slightly better than the group with less sleep, and that group did better than the one with the least sleep. The researchers noted that even small differences in sleep time were linked to differences in brain activity and task performance. This shows how important a good night’s sleep is during this stage of life. They also said we need to understand why some teens sleep less. Is it because of phones, games or because their internal body clock tells them to stay awake later? Finding it out could help teens get the sleep they need. 1．According to Paragraph 1, why do babies sleep so much? A．Because they are usually very tired. B．Because they are still learning how to sleep at night. C．Because sleep is very important for their growth. 2．What does “affects” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Influences. B．Improves. C．Introduces. 3．What can people learn from this research? A．Sleep has more influence on teenagers than babies. B．Sleep plays the same role in all age groups in the UK. C．Sleep helps teenagers work better in reading and problem-solving. 4．Who might be most interested in reading this passage? A．A new dentist. B．A worried mother. C．A dance performer. Nowadays, kids may ask, “Before smart phones came out, what did people do when they got lost?” They are not just curious—they are exploring how phone culture is changing the way we think, feel, and act in the digital (数字的) age. In this digital age, kids have no experience of a “pre-Internet mindset (前互联网思维模式)”. In the past, when we faced uncertainties, like not knowing the shortest path, or the answer to a question, we couldn’t get information easily like we do today. At that time, our brains had to adapt (适应) to that discomfort. We depended on our memory and came up with creative solutions. These cognitive (认知的) “workouts” strengthened attention and problem-solving skills. Now, with the wide use of phones and the Internet, answers come quickly. There’s less need to memorize routes or struggle through problems alone. This change makes many people worry about technology’s negative influence, and some even fall into a “deficit mindset”, believing everything was better in the past. For example, they might think writing letters is far better than messaging, while overlooking the amazing efficiency and connectivity that technology brings. It’s true that some studies suggest heavy social media use can challenge our focus. Even a short screen time affects brain areas for self-control and decision-making. But this isn’t the whole story. New research, like a 2023 study on young adults, shows that technology also trains our brains in different ways. When dealing with new things, it easily connects us with different topics and cultures, making our minds more open and adaptable. Therefore, instead of gainsaying the advantages that are brought about by the digital age, we should recognize the natural adaptation of the human brain. In fact, people have developed the following three basic modes of thinking to deal with problems today: The Deep-Thinking Mode The Quick-Learning Mode The Free-Switching Mode Disconnecting from digital tools to develop your own ideas and building creativity that AI cannot easily provide. Using technology as a tool to get information, solve problems effectively, and keep up with the latest knowledge. Switching between the two modes according to your tasks and using digital tools wisely only when they help you achieve your goals. Next time you face a problem, notice your natural response. Do you stand the uncertainty, reach for your phone, or find a middle path? There is no single “right” way to think, for each mode offers unique advantages that our complex world needs. Understanding how your mind has adapted to our digital environment might just be your greatest strength. 1．Why does the writer mention the kids’ question in Paragraph 1? A．To start the discussion of the influence of the digital age. B．To highlight the importance of phone culture. C．To stress the benefits that are brought by smart phones. 2．What does the word “gainsaying” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．sticking to B．speaking against C．giving in to 3．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Curiosity encourages people’s lifelong learning. B．Using social media develops decision-making skills. C．Recognizing cognitive strengths helps solve problems. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．The Influence of Digital World Over Attention B．The Workout of Our Brain to Remain Creative C．The Adaptation of Our Brain to the Digital Age Adults often say things like, “Kids were so young when something terrible happened that they wouldn’t even remember it as an adult.” But childhood trauma (创伤) can have a lifelong influence. According to a study from Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, kids who experience trauma have an increased risk of having heart disease (疾病) in their 50s and 60s. The study was published in the Journal of the American Heart Association. Results from the study showed that children from very difficult family environments were more likely to have heart disease later in their lifetime. What’s more, children who experience trauma face higher rates of lifelong stress and depression. That’s not to say that a child will be emotionally scarred (在……的心灵上留下创伤) forever if they have a terrible experience. But it’s important to know when a child may need help in dealing with trauma. ▲ Here are some ways. ●Be patient because it takes a long time for a kid to get better; ●Answer his or her questions honestly and patiently; ●Be a good listener and encourage the child to talk about his or her feelings; ●Help the child understand that life is always full of ups and downs, but parents will be with him or her. ●Encourage the child to make friends with those who are outgoing and friendly. If the child is too shy to speak out, try to communicate by writing a note or chatting on WeChat. 1．Why does the writer mention the study in the first paragraph? A．To explain what childhood trauma means. B．To show how childhood trauma influences a person. C．To tell the importance of building a happy family environment. 2．The underlined word “depression” means “_________” in Chinese. A．抑郁 B．兴趣 C．能力 3．Which sentence can be put in ▲ in the third paragraph? A．How can we know if someone has trauma? B．How do kids avoid childhood trauma if possible? C．How can we help children after a terrible event? 4．In which part of a newspaper can we most probably read the passage? A．Science B．History C．Health Over the past ten years, China has achieved excellent development, and its high-speed rail system stands out as a clear proof (证明). On December 29, 2025, four new high-speed rail lines—Xi’an-Yan’an, Shanghai-Chongqing-Chengdu, Wuhan-Yichang and Hangzhou-Quzhou—started services. With these new additions, China’s total operating high-speed rail mileage (里程) has passed 50,000 kilometers, which is more than the total length of all high-speed rail lines in the rest of the world. Today, the high-speed rail network covers 97% of Chinese cities with a population of over 500,000, completely changing people’s travel experience. Traveling between cities within 500 kilometers takes only one to two hours, and a 1,000-kilometer journey takes about four hours. An average of 16 million passengers take high-speed rail every day. This is a far cry from the past, when buying train tickets during busy seasons was a headache and the average train speed was only 60kilometers per hour. High-speed rail now connects big cities with medium and small towns, driving tourism and local industries. For example, after the Hangzhou-Changsha high-speed rail opened in 2014, Jiangxi Province—located between the two cities—saw a huge increase of 248 million tourists in ten years. Moreover, China has shared its technology and experience with over 40 countries, cooperating on projects. From importing (引进) technology to becoming a global leader, China’s high-speed rail is a proud symbol of the country’s progress, and faster maglev (磁悬浮) trains are being studied for even better development in the future. 1．When did China’s high-speed rail mileage reach over 50,000 kilometers? A．In 2014. B．In 2024. C．In 2025. 2．Which city is most likely to be covered by China’s high-speed rail? A．A city with 300,000 people. B．A city with 400,000 people. C．A city with 600,000 people. 3．What does the underlined phrase “a far cry” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．非常相似 B．大不相同 C．一模一样 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The history of China’s high-speed rail technology. B．How to improve high-speed rail services in the future. C．China’s high-speed rail: achievements and influences. Did you know that dunes (沙丘) can move? Have you ever seen this amazing natural sight? Sounds like something from a science fiction movie, but this happens in real life. However, a new study from Nanjing University found that the dunes in western China’s deserts are moving more slowly now, which has drawn wide attention from environmental researchers. According to the study, dunes form in places with a lot of sand and little water. They change shape and move gradually depending on the direction and strength of the wind. The team studied dunes in western China’s deserts using satellite (卫星) pictures collected from 1986 to 2021. They found out that the movement speed of dunes has slowed down by 30 percent. In the area with the fastest decrease, the speed dropped from about 9 meters each year to 4.5 meters each year. The main reason is that the wind is not as strong as before, so it carries less sand, noted China Science Daily. This finding strongly supports the idea of “global (全球的) wind stilling”. It means wind near the ground is slowing down worldwide. As the slower wind takes away less sand, dust storms happen less often. This helps plants grow back in dry areas and improves the local ecological (生态学的) environment. However, slower near-ground wind can also bring some bad effects. It can make wind power work less well and might also make it harder for air pollution to go away, said researchers from Nanjing University. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By asking questions. B．By giving examples. C．By making comparisons. 2．Why does the movement speed of dunes slow down? A．There is more water. B．The wind is less strong than before. C．The dust storms happen more often. 3．What can we infer (推断) about “global wind stilling” from the passage? A．It has both positive and negative effects. B．It will make wind power become the most important energy source. C．It means the wind near the ground is speeding up worldwide. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Effects of Moving Dunes B．The Advantages of Global Wind Stilling C．A Study on Slower-Moving Dunes in Western China Have you ever been to a history museum? What can you see there? To see artifacts, we had to rush to museums in different places in the past. But there is no need to do so now. We can see them easily online. The year 2025 marks the first anniversary (周年纪念日) of the birth of the Shanhai App, a new digital (数字的) platform (平台). It has been popular since it was introduced in Changsha in August 2024. This app brings together lots of artifacts from around the world into one digital platform. It helps to overcome the weakness of traditional museums, where artifacts are only shown in one place. Nowadays, people are very interested in museums and cultural treasures. The Shanhai App deals with the problems between museums, areas and countries. It creates an open digital space where everyone can see, share and enjoy artifacts and cultural treasures. Xu Jie, from the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, says if the platform works well, it will be good for both people in China and those around the world to understand China’s cultural treasures better. Hou Ningbin, from the Shanxi History Museum, thinks the most important thing about the Shanhai App is that it lets more people help create works about museums. The app connects museum experts with people who are interested in museum culture. This makes it easier for people to understand China’s rich cultural heritage (遗产). In the future, the Shanhai App plans to digitize many more artifacts from museums across China. This will create a data (数据) system for cultural treasures. The data can be used for research, education and even many other fields. 1．What does the underlined word “artifacts” mean in Paragraph 1? A．美术作品 B．历史文物 C．人工智能 2．What do we know about the Shanhai App? A．It can deal with all kinds of problems. B．People in Changsha have used it for more than two years. C．It helps to overcome the weakness of traditional museums. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The data can be widely used in many fields. B．People can buy historical things from the Shanhai App. C．Xu Jie thinks the Shanhai App is helpful for creating works about museums. 4．What can be the best title of the passage? A．The Shanhai App—A great platform to enjoy historians’ life. B．The Shanhai App—A great platform to only know the history of Changsha. C．The Shanhai App—A great platform to know artifacts and cultural treasures. The Chinese pingfeng (folding screen) is an ancient invention and traditional Chinese furniture (家具). Its earliest common use dates from the Han Dynasty. The term “pingfeng” means protection from wind at the very beginning. As time passes, it has been made into different sizes with colorful paintings. On the pingfeng usually appears a dragon. It’s a symbol of nobility (贵族) and power. The peacock, a beautiful bird, can be seen on the pingfeng, too. It’s a symbol of everlasting (永恒的) life. Beautiful flowers, which mean wealth and good luck, are also chosen as a popular design of the pingfeng. All the designs carry people’s beautiful wishes. Behind the pingfeng lies an interesting story. In the past, the unmarried daughter of a rich family was not supposed to see or be seen by men except her father, brothers or very close male cousins. When an admirer paid a visit, however, she might take a secret look at him from the pingfeng behind which she would be completely hidden. Her father would discuss poems with the young man and ask him to create one. If the daughter and her father were satisfied with the young man’s poem and his looks, she might agree to take him as a husband. Today the pingfeng is back in fashion for its beauty and its practical (实际的) use as furniture. Acting as a moving wall or divider, it can be the perfect match for modern sofas and walls, which adds style to them. 1．What was the pingfeng used for at the very beginning? A．Dividing a room. B．Making a room beautiful. C．Protecting people from wind. 2．Which design is a symbol of nobility and power? A．The dragon. B．The birds. C．The flowers. 3．How does the writer show more about the pingfeng in Paragraph 3? A．By giving examples. B．By telling a story. C．By explaining the result. 4．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．The popular designs of the pingfeng. B．The beautiful story behind the pingfeng. C．The general introduction to the pingfeng. Have you ever wondered how many calories (热量) are in your lunch? A new app called Cal can help. There is no need to enter anything, all you have to do is to take a photo of your food, and the app will tell you how many calories it has. It can also show you what your food is made up of, such as protein (蛋白质), fat, and sugar. Cal was created by Zach Yadegari, an 18-year-old student in America. In 2023, he tried using an app named My Fitness Pal but found it tedious. Zach wanted something faster and smarter, so he teamed up with his high school friends to make a better app. Together, they trained Cal by using images from three different AI models. The app can now recognize (识别) both simple and mixed foods, like sandwiches and packaged snacks. Since it came out in May 2024, it has won the hearts of over five million users. People all over the world are trying to keep fit with the help of this app. The secret of its success lies in its convenience (方便) in helping people choose food wisely and the idea of living a healthy life. It shows us that technology, when used with a caring purpose, can become a gentle force for human health. Zach graduated from high school with top grades. Even though he is accepted by several top universities, he plans to take a gap (间隔) year to improve Cal further. He hopes to help people eat more healthily. To him, code (代码) is more than a tool—it’s a bridge to a healthier lifestyle. 1．What can Cal do when you give it a photo of your food? A．It can show you some cooking tips. B．It can tell you the taste of your food. C．It helps you learn about what you eat. 2．What does the underlined word “tedious” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．繁琐的 B．高效的 C．有趣的 3．Why is Cal successful according to Paragraph 3? A．It has six million users worldwide. B．It focuses on providing exercise plans. C．It is convenient to use and helpful to health. 4．Which of the following would Zach mostly agree with? A．Reading opens the mind. B．Health is better than wealth. C．Technology lights up a healthy life. On the morning of September 3rd, 2025, a grand military parade was held in Beijing to mark the 80th Anniversary (周年纪念) of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance (抵抗) Against Japanese Aggression (侵略) and the World Anti-Fascist (反法西斯) War. The sky was clear and blue, and Tian’anmen Square was filled with excitement. Tens of thousands of people, including war veterans (老兵), soldiers, young students and citizens from all walks of life, gathered to witness this important moment. The parade showed more than 300 types of domestic main battle weapons, many of which were displayed for the first time. From advanced warships to high-tech planes, these weapons (武器) not only showed the rapid development of China’s national defense strength but also showed the country’s efforts to protect peace. During the parade, war veterans in army uniforms marched slowly, and their eyes were full of respect for history. Young students held flowers and flags, cheering loudly to express their love for the motherland. The purpose of the parade was to remember history, honor heroes, cherish peace, and create a better future. People at home and abroad spoke highly of the parade. A foreign reporter from a famous news agency said, “This parade is never about showing off military power. Instead, it reminds the world of the painful lessons of war and the priceless value of peace. We should always keep in mind that peace is hard-won and must be cherished.” Many Chinese citizens also said that the parade made them more proud of their country and more aware of the responsibility to learn the spirit of resisting aggression (抵抗侵略). 1．When was the 2025 military parade held? A．On September 3rd. B．On October 1st. C．On January 1st. 2．The underlined word “domestic” in the passage probably means ______. A．made in one’s own country B．used in old wars C．bought from foreign countries 3．What did the foreign reporter think of the parade? A．It was a show of power. B．It reminded people to value peace. C．It was meaningless. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．To describe the 2025 military parade’s beautiful scene. B．To tell how Chinese citizens celebrated the 80th Anniversary of the victory. C．To explain the purpose and meaning of the 2025 military parade. Have you ever heard of “Kapibala”? And what is Kapibala? It’s one of the hottest words on the Internet right now. In fact, it comes from the English word “capybara”. The capybara is a kind of animal from South America. They have heavy, round bodies and short heads with soft, dark fur (皮毛). Adult capybaras may grow to 130 cm, and weigh up to 65 kg. Their back legs are a little longer than their front legs, which makes them quite funny while moving. Capybaras are most commonly found near rivers, lakes and ponds. They are excellent swimmers and can hold their breath under water for up to five minutes. Capybaras are seen as the friendliest animals in the world. They are very social. They live in family groups of around ten to twenty and have a unique (独特的) ability to get along with other species (物种) including humans. Capybaras only eat plants, which means they don’t hunt other animals. And of course they don’t create a threat to any other species. It’s normal to see a bird standing on a capybara’s head, but can you imagine a capybara traveling through the grass on the back of a crocodile (鳄鱼)? Besides, they are easy to get used to different environments and seem to be happy anywhere. That’s why they are also popular as pets in some countries, especially in Japan. Capybaras are so cute and friendly that they’ve taken over the Internet as a symbol of kindness, friendliness, and emotional stability (情绪稳定). Some bloggers express their love for capybaras by posting interesting videos about them with Capybara song on TikTok. Do you like capybaras? Are you a capybara? 1．How does the writer lead into the topic? A．By telling a story. B．By asking questions. C．By giving an example. 2．What does the underlined word “threat” mean in Paragraph 2? A．威胁 B．机遇 C．挑战 3．What can we learn about capybaras from the passage? ①Capybaras have longer back legs than front legs. ②An adult capybara weighs as heavy as a human baby. ③Capybaras eat both plants and small animals. ④There are usually 10—20 capybaras in a family group. A．①③ B．②④ C．①④ 4．What do we probably mean if we say someone is a “capybara”? A．The person is easy to be angry. B．The person is kind and friendly. C．The person is good at swimming. When you find math hard, you usually ask teachers or parents for help. But now, doctors can help you. On Oct. 8, Shanghai opened a special clinic (门诊) for children who have problems with math and spatial (空间的) understanding. On that day, six students went there with their parents. At the clinic, doctors checked how well the students understood math and their spatial skills, and then made plans to help them learn better. They even had special educational games with VR and AR technologies to help students. A recent study found that about 8.97 percent of children at primary school on the Chinese mainland (中国大陆) have trouble with math and spatial skills, reported Shanghai Daily. Among them, 10.57 percent are in low grades, 10.07 percent are in middle grades, and 4.76 percent are in high grades. Special clinics for helping with learning problems are becoming common in China, especially in big cities like Shanghai, Beijing, Chengdu, and Nanjing. However, experts remind parents that these clinics may help students, but they can’t magically (神奇地) turn them into top students. It’s more important to have realistic (实际的) expectations. Shi Ping from Tianjin Children’s Hospital told China Daily that putting too much pressure on kids can sometimes make learning harder. Parents should think about how they teach their kids and consider making some changes. After all, just as an expert said, “Doing well in school shouldn’t be the only thing that matters in a child’s life.” 1．Which is TRUE about the special clinic in Shanghai? A．Doctors there can turn kids into top students. B．It’s opened to help children with math difficulties. C．It’s the first clinic to help students with study in China. 2．How does the writer develop his/her idea in Paragraph 3? A．By giving examples. B．By asking questions. C．By giving some numbers. 3．What advice does Shi Ping give to parents? A．Give their children some pressure. B．Change how they teach their children. C．Pay attention to children’s mental health. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The opening of a special clinic in Shanghai. B．The worries of doctors about students’ studies. C．The advice for parents to help with their kids’ studies. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解之说明文15篇 （长沙专用） 内容导航 内容速递 中考真题练习 中考模拟练习 内容速递 本资料共15篇专项训练 中考真题练习 聚焦真题 明确考点 各地市联考真题练习 专注模拟 争夺高分 中考真题练习 What should you do when you can’t find the time to do a long workout? Have you heard of exercise snacks (零食式锻炼)? Exercise snacks are a popular and inventive new way for people to stay fit. Instead of spending hours on the playground, people break that “large meal” into exercise “snacks”. These exercises can last anywhere from 20 seconds to two minutes. Then you can have a rest for 30 minutes to four hours before another snack. It is reported that exercise snacks can be as useful as traditional exercise methods. Just three exercise snacks a day can benefit (使受益) your physical health. Besides that, there are lots of other benefits. Your concentration (专注力) and creativity get better, and you can become more productive. Also, “snacking” throughout the day stops you from sitting too long. There are so many acceptable exercise snacks, like doing sit-ups, jumping rope or running up and down some stairs (楼梯). But for those who don’t know where to start, here are some helpful exercise choices: Exercises such as lifting weights will satisfy the needs. Since most people don’t keep weights at their offices, lift full water bottles. Squats (深蹲) — moving your body as if to sit down while keeping your back straight. Five to ten of these should make a good snack. For those who don’t like traditional exercises, simply turn up the music. Pick a lively song and start dancing. It’ll make for a fun workout. What are you waiting for? Let’s get moving. Your body will thank you for it! 1．How long can an exercise snack last according to the passage? A．20 seconds to two minutes.B．30 minutes to four hours. C．Five to ten minutes. 2．Which is an acceptable exercise snack mentioned in the passage? A．Doing math exercises. B．Eating snacks. C．Doing sit-ups. 3．What is the writer’s attitude (态度) to exercise snacks? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To change traditional eating habits. B．To introduce an inventive new way to stay fit. C．To encourage people to do long-time outdoor exercise. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍零食式锻炼。 1．细节理解题。根据“These exercises can last anywhere from 20 seconds to two minutes.”可知，这些练习可以持续20秒到2分钟。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“There are so many acceptable exercise snacks, like doing sit-ups, jumping rope or running up and down some stairs (楼梯).”可知，这些练习可以持续20秒到2分钟。有很多可以接受的运动零食，比如做仰卧起坐、跳绳或上下楼梯，故选C。 3．观点态度题。根据“What are you waiting for? Let’s get moving. Your body will thank you for it!”可知，作者对零食式锻炼持支持的态度，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍零食式锻炼，是一种新颖的健身方式。故选B。 中考模拟真题练习 Have you noticed a new kind of running shoes at school recently? Many students are wearing them. They look very cool, have thick soles (鞋底), and cost a lot of money. People call them “carbon plate” shoes. Some young runners believe these shoes are magic. They think, “If I wear these, I will run faster and get better marks in PE class.” But there is a secret about these shoes that you should know. These shoes are not just normal trainers. They are like powerful machines for your feet. Inside the thick foam (泡沫), there is a hard plate made of a material called carbon. This plate is very hard. It works like a strong spring. When a runner steps down, the plate bends and then pushes the runner forward with a lot of energy. This is wonderful for professional athletes who run marathons. However, for a student like you, this “magic” might actually be dangerous. Why are they dangerous? The problem is that your body is still changing. As a teenager, your foot bones are not fully hard yet. They are still growing. Because the carbon plate is so stiff, it does not move easily. Instead, it forces your foot into a fixed shape. If you wear them every day, the shoe fights against your natural foot movement. This can cause serious trouble. Doctors are now seeing many children with foot injuries because of these shoes. If you wear them to walk to school or play with friends, your feet can get hurt. You might feel a sharp pain in your ankles (脚腕) or your knees. So, what should you do? It is okay to wear them for a short race if you are a serious runner. But please do not wear them all day long. For walking and playing, simple and soft sneakers (运动鞋) are much better. They let your feet move freely. Remember, cool shoes are nice, but healthy feet are the most important thing! 1．Why do many students like wearing “carbon plate” shoes? A．Because the shoes are cool, have thick soles and cost a lot. B．Because students need to practice running to get high marks every day. C．Because the shoes are magical and good for teenagers’ feet. 2．How do the shoes work when a runner steps down? A．The soles are thick enough to give the magic power to runners. B．The plate bends and then pushes the runner forward with lots of energy. C．The carbon plate is so hard, and it can move easily and lightly. 3．What problem may students face if they wear “carbon plate” shoes every day? A．They may spend too much money on the expensive shoes. B．They may feel a sharp pain in their ankles or knees. C．They may not run faster in the PE class races. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Future of Teen Health B．The Fashion of the Teen “Cool Shoes” C．The Hidden Dangers of Teen “Super Shoes” 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了学生中流行的“碳板鞋”，包括其特点、工作原理以及可能带来的健康风险。文章强调，虽然这种鞋子看起来很酷，但对于青少年来说，长期穿着可能对脚部健康造成严重影响。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“They look very cool, have thick soles (鞋底), and cost a lot of money. People call them ‘carbon plate’ shoes. Some young runners believe these shoes are magic.”可知，许多学生喜欢穿“碳板鞋”是因为它们看起来很酷，鞋底厚，而且价格昂贵，给人一种神奇的感觉。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“When a runner steps down, the plate bends and then pushes the runner forward with a lot of energy.”可知，当跑步者踩下时，碳板会弯曲，然后用大量的能量推动跑步者向前。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“If you wear them to walk to school or play with friends, your feet can get hurt. You might feel a sharp pain in your ankles (脚腕) or your knees.”可知，如果学生每天穿着“碳板鞋”，他们可能会感到脚踝或膝盖的剧烈疼痛。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。文章主要介绍了“碳板鞋”的特点、工作原理以及可能对青少年脚部健康造成的潜在危害。选项C“青少年‘超级鞋’的隐藏危险”最能概括文章的主旨。故选C。 Scientists have been trying to make soft and friendly robots, like Disney’s Baymax, for years. And they have finally done it. The “octobot” is the world’s first soft robot. It is not like the scary, metal robots in movies like Star Wars or The Terminator. Instead, it is made of soft material, and looks just like an octopus (章鱼). Octobot is also the first soft robot that controls itself without batteries or wires (电线), according to its researchers at Harvard University in the US. The hope is that one day, soft robots like this will help humans do difficult medical surgery (外科手术) and save lives in emergencies like earthquakes and storms. Humans won’t be in danger of being hurt if the robot accidentally touches you too hard. The octobot gets power from a chemical reaction (化学反应). It pushes gas through the robot’s body and makes its legs dance. They used a 3D printer to create its silicone (硅酮) body. “Humans ourselves, we’re very soft, and soft robots are made of materials that are safe for us to interact with,” PhD student Ryan Truby, one of the octobot researchers, told the BBC． Barry Trimmer, the editor-in-chief of Soft Robotics, told NPR that “Soft robots and soft material technologies are surely needed if we expect them to help us in the home or in natural environments.” They may not all look like an octopus in the future, though. Scientists have studied jellyfish (水母) and even cockroaches (蟑螂) in their research so far. 1．What is the main difference between the octobot and traditional robots? A．The octobot is made of metal. B．The octobot is much larger. C．The octobot is made of soft materials. 2．How does the octobot get its power? A．Through solar panels. B．Through a chemical reaction. C．Through an electrical wire. 3．What does Ryan Truby think of the octobot? A．It costs less money to make it. B．Its materials are safe for humans. C．It can help people in every field. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Robot shows soft side. B．Metal friend is on the move. C．Robot made to serve us. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界上首款无电池无电线的全自动软体机器人——章鱼机器人，说明了它的特点、动力来源、安全优势以及未来的应用前景。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Instead, it is made of soft material, and looks just like an octopus”可知，它由软性材料制成，看起来就像一只章鱼。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The octobot gets power from a chemical reaction”可知，octobot通过化学反应获得动力。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Humans ourselves, we’re very soft, and soft robots are made of materials that are safe for us to interact with”可知，Ryan Truby认为octobot的材料对人类来说是安全的。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了世界上第一个软体机器人octobot，突出它“柔软”的特点。选项A“机器人展现柔软的一面”能概括全文主旨。故选A。 Pip Williams is an Australian writer and social researcher. Her writing comes from doing lots of historical research. People really like her because she can always bring back stories that were almost forgotten and discuss emotional topics with grace (优雅地). The Bookbinder of Jericho is set during World War I, and the novel follows twin sisters Peggy and Maude, who work at the Oxford University Press. Their job is to fold printed pages that will become books, but Peggy wants more from life. Secretly collecting unwanted pages to read, Peggy dreams of studying at Oxford, even though society, money, and her duty to Maude stand in her way. Maude lives with a disability, and Peggy feels responsible for her. During the war, Peggy makes friends with Lotte, who used to be a librarian, and Bastiaan, a wounded soldier. These new friendships inspire her to take action, and Gwen, an Oxford student, encourages her to apply (申请) to Somerville College, one of the few colleges open to women. The novel explores Peggy’s inner struggle (内心挣扎). She wants to receive an education but is worried about leaving Maude behind. In the end, she has to decide what kind of future she wants and what she’s ready to give up to achieve her goal. What makes The Bookbinder of Jericho one of the best books to read is its honest look at ambition and quiet resistance (反抗). It shows how language and learning can offer freedom, even when you face many difficulties. If you read it carefully, you will find several themes in the book: the importance of knowledge, the fight for women’s rights, and the lives history forgets. The Bookbinder of Jericho doesn’t shout, but it says a lot. And in that silence, it finds its power. 1．What is special about Pip Williams’ writing? A．She gives voice to forgotten stories and feelings. B．She creates exciting new worlds. C．She writes about famous historical events. 2．Why does Peggy collect unwanted pages? A．To make a new book. B．To recycle the waste paper. C．To get more knowledge. 3．What do Peggy’s new friends do for her? A．They give her courage to achieve dreams. B．They find a different job for her. C．They pay money for her education. 4．What can you infer from the last paragraph about The Bookbinder of Jericho? A．It is about silence. B．It is quiet but powerful. C．It has very little dialogue. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了澳大利亚作家皮普·威廉姆斯的创作特点，同时详细讲解了她的小说《耶利哥的装订工》的故事背景、核心情节与作品价值。 1．细节理解题。 根据文章第一段“People really like her because she can always bring back stories that were almost forgotten and discuss emotional topics with grace”可知，人们喜爱皮普的创作，是因为她总能唤醒几乎被遗忘的故事，还能优雅地讨论情感议题。故选A。 2．推理判断题。 根据文章第二段“Secretly collecting unwanted pages to read, Peggy dreams of studying at Oxford”可知，佩吉收集废弃书页是为了阅读，她的梦想是去牛津大学读书，可推知收集书页的目的是获取更多知识。故选C。 3．细节理解题。 根据文章第三段“These new friendships inspire her to take action, and Gwen, an Oxford student, encourages her to apply to Somerville College, one of the few colleges open to women”可知，佩吉的新朋友激励她付诸行动，鼓励她申请开放给女性的大学，也就是给了她实现梦想的勇气。故选A。 4．推理判断题。 根据文章最后一段“The Bookbinder of Jericho doesn’t shout, but it says a lot. And in that silence, it finds its power”可知，这本书不刻意喧嚣，却内容深刻，在沉静中蕴含自己的力量，可推断出这本书“平静却有力”的特点。故选B。 Sleep makes us happier, gives us more energy, and helps us focus. It is also very important for brain development, which is why babies sleep so much. Scientists have studied sleep in babies and adults a lot, but they know less about teenagers’ sleep. The teenage years are a key time for brain growth, yet many teens start going to bed later and sleeping less. To find out more about how sleep affects teenagers, a team of researchers from China and the UK studied information from the ABCD Project, which included over 3,000 children aged 11-12. The children wore a watch-like device to track (追踪) their sleep. They were divided into three groups based on how long they slept each night. The first group slept about 7 hours and 10 minutes, the second about 7 hours and 21 minutes, and the third about 7 hours and 25 minutes. At school, the three groups performed similarly overall. But on special tests that checked how the brain works like reading and solving problems, the group with the most sleep did slightly better than the group with less sleep, and that group did better than the one with the least sleep. The researchers noted that even small differences in sleep time were linked to differences in brain activity and task performance. This shows how important a good night’s sleep is during this stage of life. They also said we need to understand why some teens sleep less. Is it because of phones, games or because their internal body clock tells them to stay awake later? Finding it out could help teens get the sleep they need. 1．According to Paragraph 1, why do babies sleep so much? A．Because they are usually very tired. B．Because they are still learning how to sleep at night. C．Because sleep is very important for their growth. 2．What does “affects” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Influences. B．Improves. C．Introduces. 3．What can people learn from this research? A．Sleep has more influence on teenagers than babies. B．Sleep plays the same role in all age groups in the UK. C．Sleep helps teenagers work better in reading and problem-solving. 4．Who might be most interested in reading this passage? A．A new dentist. B．A worried mother. C．A dance performer. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了睡眠对青少年大脑发育的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据“It is also very important for brain development, which is why babies sleep so much.”可知，因为睡眠对他们的大脑发育非常重要。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“To find out more about how sleep affects teenagers, a team of researchers from China and the UK studied information from the ABCD Project, which included over 3,000 children aged 11-12.”可知，ABCD项目包括3000多名11-12岁的儿童，研究睡眠如何影响青少年。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“But on special tests that checked how the brain works like reading and solving problems, the group with the most sleep did slightly better than the group with less sleep, and that group did better than the one with the least sleep.”可知，睡眠帮助青少年更好地阅读和解决问题。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“They also said we need to understand why some teens sleep less. Is it because of phones, games or because their internal body clock tells them to stay awake later?”可知，一个忧心忡忡的母亲可能对阅读这篇文章最感兴趣。故选B。 Nowadays, kids may ask, “Before smart phones came out, what did people do when they got lost?” They are not just curious—they are exploring how phone culture is changing the way we think, feel, and act in the digital (数字的) age. In this digital age, kids have no experience of a “pre-Internet mindset (前互联网思维模式)”. In the past, when we faced uncertainties, like not knowing the shortest path, or the answer to a question, we couldn’t get information easily like we do today. At that time, our brains had to adapt (适应) to that discomfort. We depended on our memory and came up with creative solutions. These cognitive (认知的) “workouts” strengthened attention and problem-solving skills. Now, with the wide use of phones and the Internet, answers come quickly. There’s less need to memorize routes or struggle through problems alone. This change makes many people worry about technology’s negative influence, and some even fall into a “deficit mindset”, believing everything was better in the past. For example, they might think writing letters is far better than messaging, while overlooking the amazing efficiency and connectivity that technology brings. It’s true that some studies suggest heavy social media use can challenge our focus. Even a short screen time affects brain areas for self-control and decision-making. But this isn’t the whole story. New research, like a 2023 study on young adults, shows that technology also trains our brains in different ways. When dealing with new things, it easily connects us with different topics and cultures, making our minds more open and adaptable. Therefore, instead of gainsaying the advantages that are brought about by the digital age, we should recognize the natural adaptation of the human brain. In fact, people have developed the following three basic modes of thinking to deal with problems today: The Deep-Thinking Mode The Quick-Learning Mode The Free-Switching Mode Disconnecting from digital tools to develop your own ideas and building creativity that AI cannot easily provide. Using technology as a tool to get information, solve problems effectively, and keep up with the latest knowledge. Switching between the two modes according to your tasks and using digital tools wisely only when they help you achieve your goals. Next time you face a problem, notice your natural response. Do you stand the uncertainty, reach for your phone, or find a middle path? There is no single “right” way to think, for each mode offers unique advantages that our complex world needs. Understanding how your mind has adapted to our digital environment might just be your greatest strength. 1．Why does the writer mention the kids’ question in Paragraph 1? A．To start the discussion of the influence of the digital age. B．To highlight the importance of phone culture. C．To stress the benefits that are brought by smart phones. 2．What does the word “gainsaying” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．sticking to B．speaking against C．giving in to 3．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Curiosity encourages people’s lifelong learning. B．Using social media develops decision-making skills. C．Recognizing cognitive strengths helps solve problems. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．The Influence of Digital World Over Attention B．The Workout of Our Brain to Remain Creative C．The Adaptation of Our Brain to the Digital Age 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文探讨了数字时代对人类思维方式的影响，指出大脑会自然适应数字环境，并介绍了深度思考、快速学习和自由切换三种应对问题的思维模式。 1．推理判断题。第一段通过孩子的问题引出话题，进而讨论数字时代对人们思维、感受和行为方式的影响，并非选项B强调手机文化的重要性或选项C强调智能手机带来的好处。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“instead of gainsaying the advantages that are brought about by the digital age, we should recognize the natural adaptation of the human brain.”可知，我们不应否认数字时代带来的优势，而应认识到人类大脑的自然适应性，“gainsaying”意为“反驳、反对”，与“speaking against”同义。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“Understanding how your mind has adapted to our digital environment might just be your greatest strength.”可知，了解你的大脑是如何适应我们这个数字化环境的，或许正是你最大的优势所在，由此可知，选项C“认识到认知优势有助于解决问题”与作者的想法相符。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。全文主线为“大脑对数字时代的适应”：第二段对比过去认知方式，第三段转折指出技术变革，第四段辩证分析影响，第五段提出三种适应模式，末段总结适应性是优势。C项“大脑对数字时代的适应”精准覆盖核心。故选C。 Adults often say things like, “Kids were so young when something terrible happened that they wouldn’t even remember it as an adult.” But childhood trauma (创伤) can have a lifelong influence. According to a study from Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, kids who experience trauma have an increased risk of having heart disease (疾病) in their 50s and 60s. The study was published in the Journal of the American Heart Association. Results from the study showed that children from very difficult family environments were more likely to have heart disease later in their lifetime. What’s more, children who experience trauma face higher rates of lifelong stress and depression. That’s not to say that a child will be emotionally scarred (在……的心灵上留下创伤) forever if they have a terrible experience. But it’s important to know when a child may need help in dealing with trauma. ▲ Here are some ways. ●Be patient because it takes a long time for a kid to get better; ●Answer his or her questions honestly and patiently; ●Be a good listener and encourage the child to talk about his or her feelings; ●Help the child understand that life is always full of ups and downs, but parents will be with him or her. ●Encourage the child to make friends with those who are outgoing and friendly. If the child is too shy to speak out, try to communicate by writing a note or chatting on WeChat. 1．Why does the writer mention the study in the first paragraph? A．To explain what childhood trauma means. B．To show how childhood trauma influences a person. C．To tell the importance of building a happy family environment. 2．The underlined word “depression” means “_________” in Chinese. A．抑郁 B．兴趣 C．能力 3．Which sentence can be put in ▲ in the third paragraph? A．How can we know if someone has trauma? B．How do kids avoid childhood trauma if possible? C．How can we help children after a terrible event? 4．In which part of a newspaper can we most probably read the passage? A．Science B．History C．Health 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了童年创伤对成年后的健康和心理的长期影响，并提供了帮助孩子应对创伤的方法。 1．推理判断题。根据“According to a study…kids who experience trauma have an increased risk of having heart disease in their 50s and 60s.”可知，作者引用研究是为了说明童年创伤对成年后健康的长期影响。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“children who experience trauma face higher rates of lifelong stress and depression”可知，经历创伤的孩子面临更高的终身压力和抑郁率，“depression”意为“抑郁”。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“Here are some ways”及后文列出的具体帮助孩子的方法可推知，填入的句子应是对“如何帮助孩子”的提问。故选C。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，全文围绕童年创伤的健康与心理影响展开，并给出应对建议，属于健康与心理范畴。故选C。 Over the past ten years, China has achieved excellent development, and its high-speed rail system stands out as a clear proof (证明). On December 29, 2025, four new high-speed rail lines—Xi’an-Yan’an, Shanghai-Chongqing-Chengdu, Wuhan-Yichang and Hangzhou-Quzhou—started services. With these new additions, China’s total operating high-speed rail mileage (里程) has passed 50,000 kilometers, which is more than the total length of all high-speed rail lines in the rest of the world. Today, the high-speed rail network covers 97% of Chinese cities with a population of over 500,000, completely changing people’s travel experience. Traveling between cities within 500 kilometers takes only one to two hours, and a 1,000-kilometer journey takes about four hours. An average of 16 million passengers take high-speed rail every day. This is a far cry from the past, when buying train tickets during busy seasons was a headache and the average train speed was only 60kilometers per hour. High-speed rail now connects big cities with medium and small towns, driving tourism and local industries. For example, after the Hangzhou-Changsha high-speed rail opened in 2014, Jiangxi Province—located between the two cities—saw a huge increase of 248 million tourists in ten years. Moreover, China has shared its technology and experience with over 40 countries, cooperating on projects. From importing (引进) technology to becoming a global leader, China’s high-speed rail is a proud symbol of the country’s progress, and faster maglev (磁悬浮) trains are being studied for even better development in the future. 1．When did China’s high-speed rail mileage reach over 50,000 kilometers? A．In 2014. B．In 2024. C．In 2025. 2．Which city is most likely to be covered by China’s high-speed rail? A．A city with 300,000 people. B．A city with 400,000 people. C．A city with 600,000 people. 3．What does the underlined phrase “a far cry” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．非常相似 B．大不相同 C．一模一样 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The history of China’s high-speed rail technology. B．How to improve high-speed rail services in the future. C．China’s high-speed rail: achievements and influences. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了中国高铁的发展成就 ——2025年12月运营里程突破5万公里且覆盖绝大多数50万人口以上城市，对比了高铁发展前后的出行差异，同时阐述了高铁对国内旅游、产业的带动作用，以及其技术输出的国际影响，还提及中国高铁正研发更快的磁悬浮列车，未来将持续发展。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“On December 29, 2025...With these new additions, China’s total operating high-speed rail mileage has passed 50,000 kilometers”可知，2025年12月29日四条新高铁开通后，中国高铁运营里程突破5万公里。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“the high-speed rail network covers 97% of Chinese cities with a population of over 500,000”，即高铁网络覆盖了97%人口超50万的中国城市，三个选项中只有60万人口的城市符合该条件。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“This is a far cry from the past, when buying train tickets during busy seasons was a headache and the average train speed was only 60kilometers per hour.”可知，划线短语后用“when”引出过去的情况：春运买票难、火车平均时速仅60公里；而前文是现在的高铁现状：短途1-2小时、长途约4小时，日均客流1600万，前后形成鲜明对比，因此“a far cry”意为“大不相同”。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。文章核心围绕中国高铁展开：第一段讲成就——2025年里程突破5万公里，居世界首位；第二段讲高铁对民众出行体验的改变；第三段讲高铁对经济的带动，以及中国高铁的国际输出和未来发展。选项C“中国高铁：成就与影响” 精准覆盖了全文主要内容。故选C。 Did you know that dunes (沙丘) can move? Have you ever seen this amazing natural sight? Sounds like something from a science fiction movie, but this happens in real life. However, a new study from Nanjing University found that the dunes in western China’s deserts are moving more slowly now, which has drawn wide attention from environmental researchers. According to the study, dunes form in places with a lot of sand and little water. They change shape and move gradually depending on the direction and strength of the wind. The team studied dunes in western China’s deserts using satellite (卫星) pictures collected from 1986 to 2021. They found out that the movement speed of dunes has slowed down by 30 percent. In the area with the fastest decrease, the speed dropped from about 9 meters each year to 4.5 meters each year. The main reason is that the wind is not as strong as before, so it carries less sand, noted China Science Daily. This finding strongly supports the idea of “global (全球的) wind stilling”. It means wind near the ground is slowing down worldwide. As the slower wind takes away less sand, dust storms happen less often. This helps plants grow back in dry areas and improves the local ecological (生态学的) environment. However, slower near-ground wind can also bring some bad effects. It can make wind power work less well and might also make it harder for air pollution to go away, said researchers from Nanjing University. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By asking questions. B．By giving examples. C．By making comparisons. 2．Why does the movement speed of dunes slow down? A．There is more water. B．The wind is less strong than before. C．The dust storms happen more often. 3．What can we infer (推断) about “global wind stilling” from the passage? A．It has both positive and negative effects. B．It will make wind power become the most important energy source. C．It means the wind near the ground is speeding up worldwide. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Effects of Moving Dunes B．The Advantages of Global Wind Stilling C．A Study on Slower-Moving Dunes in Western China 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了南京大学的一项研究，该研究发现中国西部沙漠的沙丘移动速度变慢，并解释了其原因，以及这种现象背后的“全球性地面风减弱”概念所带来的正反两方面影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第1段“Did you know that dunes can move? Have you ever seen this amazing natural sight?”可知，作者以提出问题的形式开始文章。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第2段“The main reason is that the wind is not as strong as before, so it carries less sand...”可知，沙丘移动速度减慢的主要原因是风力不如从前强了。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第3段“This finding strongly supports the idea of ‘global wind stilling’... This helps plants grow back...and improves the local ecological environment.”和第4段“However, slower near-ground wind can also bring some bad effects.”可知，“全球性地面风减弱”既有积极影响（改善生态），也有负面影响（影响风力发电、减缓空气污染物扩散）。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。全文核心是介绍一项关于中国西部沙漠沙丘移动速度减慢的研究，包括发现、原因及其与“全球性地面风减弱”现象的联系。因此，最佳标题是“一项关于中国西部移动变慢的沙丘的研究”。故选C。 Have you ever been to a history museum? What can you see there? To see artifacts, we had to rush to museums in different places in the past. But there is no need to do so now. We can see them easily online. The year 2025 marks the first anniversary (周年纪念日) of the birth of the Shanhai App, a new digital (数字的) platform (平台). It has been popular since it was introduced in Changsha in August 2024. This app brings together lots of artifacts from around the world into one digital platform. It helps to overcome the weakness of traditional museums, where artifacts are only shown in one place. Nowadays, people are very interested in museums and cultural treasures. The Shanhai App deals with the problems between museums, areas and countries. It creates an open digital space where everyone can see, share and enjoy artifacts and cultural treasures. Xu Jie, from the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, says if the platform works well, it will be good for both people in China and those around the world to understand China’s cultural treasures better. Hou Ningbin, from the Shanxi History Museum, thinks the most important thing about the Shanhai App is that it lets more people help create works about museums. The app connects museum experts with people who are interested in museum culture. This makes it easier for people to understand China’s rich cultural heritage (遗产). In the future, the Shanhai App plans to digitize many more artifacts from museums across China. This will create a data (数据) system for cultural treasures. The data can be used for research, education and even many other fields. 1．What does the underlined word “artifacts” mean in Paragraph 1? A．美术作品 B．历史文物 C．人工智能 2．What do we know about the Shanhai App? A．It can deal with all kinds of problems. B．People in Changsha have used it for more than two years. C．It helps to overcome the weakness of traditional museums. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The data can be widely used in many fields. B．People can buy historical things from the Shanhai App. C．Xu Jie thinks the Shanhai App is helpful for creating works about museums. 4．What can be the best title of the passage? A．The Shanhai App—A great platform to enjoy historians’ life. B．The Shanhai App—A great platform to only know the history of Changsha. C．The Shanhai App—A great platform to know artifacts and cultural treasures. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了“山海”App这一数字平台，它整合了全球文物资源，克服了传统博物馆的局限性，方便人们在线欣赏和研究文化遗产，并展望了其未来在数字化与多领域应用的潜力。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Have you ever been to a history museum? What can you see there?”及“To see artifacts, we had to rush to museums in different places in the past.”可知，过去为了看某些东西，人们不得不去不同的博物馆，结合“history museum”可推断，“artifacts”指的是博物馆里陈列的历史文物。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“It helps to overcome the weakness of traditional museums, where artifacts are only shown in one place.”可知，“山海”App有助于克服传统博物馆文物只在一处展出的弱点。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The data can be used for research, education and even many other fields.”可知，这些数据可以用于研究、教育乃至许多其他领域，因此A项“数据可以在许多领域广泛应用”正确。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了“山海”App作为一个数字平台，让人们可以方便地在线欣赏、分享文物和文化遗产，并促进文化交流与理解。C项“山海App——一个了解文物和文化遗产的伟大平台”最全面准确地概括了文章主旨。故选C。 The Chinese pingfeng (folding screen) is an ancient invention and traditional Chinese furniture (家具). Its earliest common use dates from the Han Dynasty. The term “pingfeng” means protection from wind at the very beginning. As time passes, it has been made into different sizes with colorful paintings. On the pingfeng usually appears a dragon. It’s a symbol of nobility (贵族) and power. The peacock, a beautiful bird, can be seen on the pingfeng, too. It’s a symbol of everlasting (永恒的) life. Beautiful flowers, which mean wealth and good luck, are also chosen as a popular design of the pingfeng. All the designs carry people’s beautiful wishes. Behind the pingfeng lies an interesting story. In the past, the unmarried daughter of a rich family was not supposed to see or be seen by men except her father, brothers or very close male cousins. When an admirer paid a visit, however, she might take a secret look at him from the pingfeng behind which she would be completely hidden. Her father would discuss poems with the young man and ask him to create one. If the daughter and her father were satisfied with the young man’s poem and his looks, she might agree to take him as a husband. Today the pingfeng is back in fashion for its beauty and its practical (实际的) use as furniture. Acting as a moving wall or divider, it can be the perfect match for modern sofas and walls, which adds style to them. 1．What was the pingfeng used for at the very beginning? A．Dividing a room. B．Making a room beautiful. C．Protecting people from wind. 2．Which design is a symbol of nobility and power? A．The dragon. B．The birds. C．The flowers. 3．How does the writer show more about the pingfeng in Paragraph 3? A．By giving examples. B．By telling a story. C．By explaining the result. 4．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．The popular designs of the pingfeng. B．The beautiful story behind the pingfeng. C．The general introduction to the pingfeng. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国传统家具屏风的历史、用途、象征意义以及在现代家居中的应用。 1．细节理解题。根据“Its earliest common use dates from the Han Dynasty. The term ‘pingfeng’ means protection from wind at the very beginning.”可知，屏风最初是用来挡风的。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“On the pingfeng usually appears a dragon. It’s a symbol of nobility (贵族) and power.”可知，屏风上龙的设计是贵族和权力的象征。故选A。   3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Behind the pingfeng lies an interesting story. In the past...”可知，作者在第三段是通过“讲故事”的方式来更多展示屏风。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了中国传统家具屏风的历史、用途、象征意义以及在现代家居中的应用。因此，文章大意是“屏风的概况”。故选C。 Have you ever wondered how many calories (热量) are in your lunch? A new app called Cal can help. There is no need to enter anything, all you have to do is to take a photo of your food, and the app will tell you how many calories it has. It can also show you what your food is made up of, such as protein (蛋白质), fat, and sugar. Cal was created by Zach Yadegari, an 18-year-old student in America. In 2023, he tried using an app named My Fitness Pal but found it tedious. Zach wanted something faster and smarter, so he teamed up with his high school friends to make a better app. Together, they trained Cal by using images from three different AI models. The app can now recognize (识别) both simple and mixed foods, like sandwiches and packaged snacks. Since it came out in May 2024, it has won the hearts of over five million users. People all over the world are trying to keep fit with the help of this app. The secret of its success lies in its convenience (方便) in helping people choose food wisely and the idea of living a healthy life. It shows us that technology, when used with a caring purpose, can become a gentle force for human health. Zach graduated from high school with top grades. Even though he is accepted by several top universities, he plans to take a gap (间隔) year to improve Cal further. He hopes to help people eat more healthily. To him, code (代码) is more than a tool—it’s a bridge to a healthier lifestyle. 1．What can Cal do when you give it a photo of your food? A．It can show you some cooking tips. B．It can tell you the taste of your food. C．It helps you learn about what you eat. 2．What does the underlined word “tedious” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．繁琐的 B．高效的 C．有趣的 3．Why is Cal successful according to Paragraph 3? A．It has six million users worldwide. B．It focuses on providing exercise plans. C．It is convenient to use and helpful to health. 4．Which of the following would Zach mostly agree with? A．Reading opens the mind. B．Health is better than wealth. C．Technology lights up a healthy life. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了一款名为Cal的热量识别应用，它通过拍照识别食物热量与成分，因便捷性和健康理念受到欢迎，开发者还计划进一步优化它。 1．细节理解题。根据“all you have to do is to take a photo of your food, and the app will tell you how many calories it has. It can also show you what your food is made up of”可知，Cal能告诉你食物的热量和成分，让你了解所吃的食物，故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Zach wanted something faster and smarter”可知，他觉得之前的应用不够快捷，因此“tedious”的意思是“繁琐的”，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“The secret of its success lies in its convenience (方便) in helping people choose food wisely and the idea of living a healthy life.”可知，Cal成功的原因是它使用方便且对健康有益，故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“It shows us that technology, when used with a caring purpose, can become a gentle force for human health.”和“To him, code (代码) is more than a tool—it’s a bridge to a healthier lifestyle.”可知，Zach认为科技可以助力健康生活，故选C。 On the morning of September 3rd, 2025, a grand military parade was held in Beijing to mark the 80th Anniversary (周年纪念) of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance (抵抗) Against Japanese Aggression (侵略) and the World Anti-Fascist (反法西斯) War. The sky was clear and blue, and Tian’anmen Square was filled with excitement. Tens of thousands of people, including war veterans (老兵), soldiers, young students and citizens from all walks of life, gathered to witness this important moment. The parade showed more than 300 types of domestic main battle weapons, many of which were displayed for the first time. From advanced warships to high-tech planes, these weapons (武器) not only showed the rapid development of China’s national defense strength but also showed the country’s efforts to protect peace. During the parade, war veterans in army uniforms marched slowly, and their eyes were full of respect for history. Young students held flowers and flags, cheering loudly to express their love for the motherland. The purpose of the parade was to remember history, honor heroes, cherish peace, and create a better future. People at home and abroad spoke highly of the parade. A foreign reporter from a famous news agency said, “This parade is never about showing off military power. Instead, it reminds the world of the painful lessons of war and the priceless value of peace. We should always keep in mind that peace is hard-won and must be cherished.” Many Chinese citizens also said that the parade made them more proud of their country and more aware of the responsibility to learn the spirit of resisting aggression (抵抗侵略). 1．When was the 2025 military parade held? A．On September 3rd. B．On October 1st. C．On January 1st. 2．The underlined word “domestic” in the passage probably means ______. A．made in one’s own country B．used in old wars C．bought from foreign countries 3．What did the foreign reporter think of the parade? A．It was a show of power. B．It reminded people to value peace. C．It was meaningless. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．To describe the 2025 military parade’s beautiful scene. B．To tell how Chinese citizens celebrated the 80th Anniversary of the victory. C．To explain the purpose and meaning of the 2025 military parade. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了一场于2025年9月3日在北京举行的盛大阅兵式，以纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年。文章描述了阅兵的盛况、展示的国产武器装备以及此次阅兵的深远意义。 1．细节理解题。根据“On the morning of September 3rd, 2025, a grand military parade was held in Beijing…”可知，2025年的阅兵式是在9月3日举行的。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“The parade showed more than 300 types of domestic main battle weapons…these weapons (武器) not only showed the rapid development of China’s national defense strength…”可知，阅兵式展示了300多种“domestic”主战武器，这些武器展示了中国国防力量的快速发展。由此推断，这些代表国家国防实力的武器应当是“国产的”，而非进口的或老旧的。domestic意为“本国的；国内的”，对应选项A“在本国制造的”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“This parade is never about showing off military power. Instead, it reminds the world of the painful lessons of war and the priceless value of peace.”可知，这位外国记者认为阅兵式不是为了炫耀武力，而是为了提醒人们战争的痛苦教训以及和平的无价价值。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章以2025年阅兵式为核心，不仅报道了阅兵的时间和盛况，更通过文中“The purpose of the parade was to remember history…cherish peace…”以及借外国记者之口所说的“it reminds the world of…the priceless value of peace”等关键内容，深入阐述了举办此次阅兵是为了铭记历史、致敬英雄以及珍爱和平这一核心目的与深远意义。故选C。 Have you ever heard of “Kapibala”? And what is Kapibala? It’s one of the hottest words on the Internet right now. In fact, it comes from the English word “capybara”. The capybara is a kind of animal from South America. They have heavy, round bodies and short heads with soft, dark fur (皮毛). Adult capybaras may grow to 130 cm, and weigh up to 65 kg. Their back legs are a little longer than their front legs, which makes them quite funny while moving. Capybaras are most commonly found near rivers, lakes and ponds. They are excellent swimmers and can hold their breath under water for up to five minutes. Capybaras are seen as the friendliest animals in the world. They are very social. They live in family groups of around ten to twenty and have a unique (独特的) ability to get along with other species (物种) including humans. Capybaras only eat plants, which means they don’t hunt other animals. And of course they don’t create a threat to any other species. It’s normal to see a bird standing on a capybara’s head, but can you imagine a capybara traveling through the grass on the back of a crocodile (鳄鱼)? Besides, they are easy to get used to different environments and seem to be happy anywhere. That’s why they are also popular as pets in some countries, especially in Japan. Capybaras are so cute and friendly that they’ve taken over the Internet as a symbol of kindness, friendliness, and emotional stability (情绪稳定). Some bloggers express their love for capybaras by posting interesting videos about them with Capybara song on TikTok. Do you like capybaras? Are you a capybara? 1．How does the writer lead into the topic? A．By telling a story. B．By asking questions. C．By giving an example. 2．What does the underlined word “threat” mean in Paragraph 2? A．威胁 B．机遇 C．挑战 3．What can we learn about capybaras from the passage? ①Capybaras have longer back legs than front legs. ②An adult capybara weighs as heavy as a human baby. ③Capybaras eat both plants and small animals. ④There are usually 10—20 capybaras in a family group. A．①③ B．②④ C．①④ 4．What do we probably mean if we say someone is a “capybara”? A．The person is easy to be angry. B．The person is kind and friendly. C．The person is good at swimming. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了水豚的外形特征、生活习性、友好的性格特点以及其成为网络热门象征的原因。 1．推理判断题。根据文章开头“How does the writer lead into the topic? By telling a story. By asking questions. By giving an example.”可知，作者通过连续提出“Have you ever heard of ‘Kapibala’? And what is Kapibala?”两个问题引出主题。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Capybaras only eat plants, which means they don’t hunt other animals.”可知，水豚只吃植物，不捕猎其他动物，由此可推断它们不会对其他物种构成威胁。因此“threat”意为“威胁”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第一段“Their back legs are a little longer than their front legs”可知①表述正确；根据第一段“Adult capybaras may grow to 130 cm, and weigh up to 65 kg”，人类婴儿体重远低于65公斤，故②表述错误；根据第二段“Capybaras only eat plants”可知③表述错误；根据第二段“They live in family groups of around ten to twenty”可知④表述正确。因此正确的是①④。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段“Capybaras are so cute and friendly that they’ve taken over the Internet as a symbol of kindness, friendliness, and emotional stability”可知，水豚是善良、友好和情绪稳定的象征，因此当说某人是“capybara”时，意为这个人善良友好。故选B。 When you find math hard, you usually ask teachers or parents for help. But now, doctors can help you. On Oct. 8, Shanghai opened a special clinic (门诊) for children who have problems with math and spatial (空间的) understanding. On that day, six students went there with their parents. At the clinic, doctors checked how well the students understood math and their spatial skills, and then made plans to help them learn better. They even had special educational games with VR and AR technologies to help students. A recent study found that about 8.97 percent of children at primary school on the Chinese mainland (中国大陆) have trouble with math and spatial skills, reported Shanghai Daily. Among them, 10.57 percent are in low grades, 10.07 percent are in middle grades, and 4.76 percent are in high grades. Special clinics for helping with learning problems are becoming common in China, especially in big cities like Shanghai, Beijing, Chengdu, and Nanjing. However, experts remind parents that these clinics may help students, but they can’t magically (神奇地) turn them into top students. It’s more important to have realistic (实际的) expectations. Shi Ping from Tianjin Children’s Hospital told China Daily that putting too much pressure on kids can sometimes make learning harder. Parents should think about how they teach their kids and consider making some changes. After all, just as an expert said, “Doing well in school shouldn’t be the only thing that matters in a child’s life.” 1．Which is TRUE about the special clinic in Shanghai? A．Doctors there can turn kids into top students. B．It’s opened to help children with math difficulties. C．It’s the first clinic to help students with study in China. 2．How does the writer develop his/her idea in Paragraph 3? A．By giving examples. B．By asking questions. C．By giving some numbers. 3．What advice does Shi Ping give to parents? A．Give their children some pressure. B．Change how they teach their children. C．Pay attention to children’s mental health. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The opening of a special clinic in Shanghai. B．The worries of doctors about students’ studies. C．The advice for parents to help with their kids’ studies. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了上海开设的一家专门帮助有数学和空间理解问题儿童的门诊，包括其服务内容、中国儿童在这方面存在的问题情况、此类门诊在中国的普及情况以及专家对家长的建议，强调家长应有实际期望，合理教育孩子。 1．细节理解题。根据“On Oct. 8, Shanghai opened a special clinic (门诊) for children who have problems with math and spatial (空间的) understanding.”可知，上海的这家特殊门诊是为帮助有数学困难的孩子开设的。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“A recent study found that about 8.97 percent...10.57 percent are in low grades, 10.07 percent are in middle grades, and 4.76 percent are in high grades.”可知，作者通过给出一些数字来阐述第三段的观点。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Shi Ping from...Parents should think about how they teach their kids and consider making some changes.”可知，史平给家长的建议是改变他们教育孩子的方式。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了上海开设的一家专门帮助有数学和空间理解问题儿童的门诊，包括其服务内容、中国儿童在这方面存在的问题情况、此类门诊在中国的普及情况以及专家对家长的建议等，所以文章的主旨大意是上海一家特殊门诊的开设。故选A。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $