专题05 阅读理解（说明文）（黑吉辽蒙专用）2026年高考英语一模分类汇编

专题05 阅读理解（说明文） 主题 01 人与自我 Passage 1 （2026·吉林·一模）Some individuals possess an extraordinary ability known as hyperthymesia, or Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory, which allows them to recall nearly every day of their lives with remarkable speed, detail, and accuracy. A recent case study of a teenager, referred to as “TL”, provides invaluable new insights into this rare condition and its connection to imagining the future. Scientists describe this as an extreme form of autobiographical memory, the long-term store of personal experiences that includes feelings, places, and people. It is linked to autonoetic consciousness, the self-reflective awareness that enables us to mentally relive past events and project ourselves into future situations. For people with hyperthymesia, memories are often precisely categorized by date and rich in sensory detail. The case of TL, led by researcher Valentina La Corte, is remarkable not just for her recall but for her highly organized mental control over it. TL distinguishes between a factual store she calls “black memory” and the personal memories central to her identity. She mentally organizes these personal memories in an internal “white room”, where they are sorted into themed and dated files. To manage difficult emotions, she places hard experiences, like the death of a grandparent, into specific containers. She has also created separate mental rooms for emotions like anger, showcasing a unique combination of time order and emotion regulation (调节)。 Scientists tested TL using established tools like TEMPau and the TEEAM task, which measure the sense of mentally traveling through time. Across tasks, TL produced unusually vivid and detailed reports of both past and future events. This highlights a key scientific insight: The brain networks used for remembering the past significantly overlap (重叠) with those used for imagining the future. This ability for rich “mental time travel” is linked to better planning, goal-setting, and a stronger sense of self. However, this ability carries a human cost. Vivid recall of painful memories is a common challenge. TL’s case is significant because she has developed mental strategies to separate difficult experiences without losing them, which helps regulate their emotional impact. Her approach offers potential lessons for treatment and education, suggesting that people might be taught to structure their personal memories to gain clarity and lessen suffering. 1．What are people with hyperthymesia able to do? A．Erase painful feelings. B．Recognize a strange smell instantly. C．Create popular sci-fi works. D．Remember previous events in detail. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．TL’s memory management. B．TL’s grandparent’s death. C．How TL deals with anger. D．How TL decorates her rooms. 3．What does the text suggest about “mental time travel”? A．It is unrelated to self-awareness. B．It brings no challenges to people. C．It has both benefits and downsides. D．It only helps with past memory recall. 4．What is the main purpose of this text? A．To explain TL’s poor memory. B．To show how to control emotions. C．To compare past and future thinking. D．To introduce a rare memory condition. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一种罕见的超常自传体记忆能力，通过案例TL讲解其特点、大脑机制及带来的利弊与启示。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Some individuals possess an extraordinary ability known as hyperthymesia, or Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory, which allows them to recall nearly every day of their lives with remarkable speed, detail, and accuracy. (有些人拥有一种被称为超常自传体记忆的非凡能力，这使他们能够以惊人的速度、细节和准确性回忆起几乎每一天的生活。)”可知，拥有这种能力的人能详细记住以往的事情。故选D项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“The case of TL, led by researcher Valentina La Corte, is remarkable not just for her recall but for her highly organized mental control over it. (由研究员瓦伦蒂娜·拉科特主导的TL案例之所以引人注目，不仅在于她的记忆力，还在于她对记忆高度有序的心理掌控。)”可知，第三段主要讲述TL对记忆的管理方式。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“This ability for rich “mental time travel” is linked to better planning, goal-setting, and a stronger sense of self. (这种丰富的‘心理时间旅行’能力与更好的规划、目标设定和更强的自我意识有关。)”和第五段中的“However, this ability carries a human cost. Vivid recall of painful memories is a common challenge. (然而，这种能力也有代价。生动地回忆痛苦的记忆是一个常见的挑战。)”可知，心理时间旅行既有好处也有弊端。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“A recent case study of a teenager, referred to as “TL”, provides invaluable new insights into this rare condition and its connection to imagining the future. (最近一项针对名为TL的青少年的案例研究，为这种罕见状况及其与想象未来的联系提供了宝贵的新见解。)”可知，文章通过TL的案例详细介绍了超常自传体记忆（hyperthymesia）这一罕见记忆状况的特征、机制及影响，旨在向读者介绍这一现象。故选D项。 Passage 2 （2026·吉林白山·一模）Nigel Richards, a well-known Scrabble champion from New Zealand now living in Malaysia, made headlines on November 16 by winning the Spanish-language World Scrabble Championship in Granada, Spain. Remarkably, Richards can’t speak Spanish, yet his extraordinary talent for the game shone through. He only started playing Scrabble at 28 and had to memorize the entire Spanish Scrabble dictionary and adapt to a different scoring system where letter values differ from the English version. In Scrabble, players use seven letter tiles (牌) to create high-scoring words. Each letter has a specific point value, with unusual letters like Q, X, and Z worth more. Special board squares can double or triple (三倍) these scores. Despite these complexities, Richards’ victory was impressive. Richards’ Scrabble journey is marked by victories across multiple languages. He has won the English-language World Scrabble Championship five times and also triumphed (获胜) in French (in 2015 and 2018). His ability to excel in languages he doesn’t speak is due to his exceptional memory and mathematical skills, which allow him to form high-scoring words effortlessly. His strategy focuses on remembering word spellings and point values rather than understanding their meanings. Friend Liz Fagerlund explains that Richards visualizes word groups in his mind like a mental photo album, aiding his recall. To prepare for the Spanish championship, he learned hundreds of thousands of words a year in advance. This hard work paid off as he won 23 out of 24 games in Granada, defeating the previous Argentine champion, Benjamin Olaizola. Despite his numerous awards and public recognition, Nigel Richards remains a shy figure. He doesn’t like to talk about how he plays with reporters; he prefers to let his wins speak for themselves. His special way of playing Scrabble, using language memorization and smart strategies, makes him one of the best Scrabble players ever, no matter what language he’s playing in. 5．What does the author want to show in Paragraph 3? A．The usual letters in the game. B．The complexity of the game rules. C．The high-scoring words in Scrabble. D．The structure of the Scrabble board. 6．What can be inferred about Richards’ approach to learning words? A．He relies heavily on visual memory and point values. B．He writes the words needed for upcoming competitions. C．He focuses on understanding the meanings of the words. D．He prefers discussing his learning strategies with reporters. 7．Which can be used to describe Nigel Richards? A．Outgoing. B．Reserved. C．Proud. D．Innocent. 8．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To list champions in Scrabble competitions. B．To stress Scrabble’s history in competition. C．To explain how to speak multiple languages. D．To introduce Nigel Richards’ wins and strategy. 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．B 8．D 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了新西兰拼字游戏冠军尼格尔·理查兹虽不会说西班牙语，却凭借超强记忆力和数学天赋，通过背诵词典赢得西班牙语世界冠军，展现了独特的语言学习与比赛策略。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Special board squares can double or triple (三倍) these scores. Despite these complexities, Richards’ victory was impressive.(特殊的棋盘格子可以将这些分数加倍或三倍。尽管存在这些复杂之处，里查兹的胜利依然令人印象深刻)”可推知，作者主要想通过第三段展示拼字游戏规则的复杂性。故选B项。 6．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“His strategy focuses on remembering word spellings and point values rather than understanding their meanings. Friend Liz Fagerlund explains that Richards visualizes word groups in his mind like a mental photo album, aiding his recall.(他的策略侧重于记住单词的拼写和点值，而非理解其含义。朋友莉兹·法格伦德解释说，理查兹在脑海中将单词组形象化地呈现出来，就像一个心理上的相册，这有助于他回忆)”可知，理查兹熟记单词的方法在很大程度上依赖于视觉记忆和分值。故选A项。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Despite his numerous awards and public recognition, Nigel Richards remains a shy figure. He doesn’t like to talk about how he plays with reporters; he prefers to let his wins speak for themselves.(尽管他获得了众多奖项并得到了公众的认可，但尼格尔·理查兹仍然是一个腼腆的人。他不喜欢与记者谈论他如何下棋；他更愿意让自己的胜利来说话)”可推知，尼格尔·理查兹是内向的。故选B项。 8．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了尼格尔·理查兹赢得西班牙语拼字游戏冠军的事迹，并详细介绍了他独特的学习策略（死记硬背单词和分值，而非理解含义）。由此推知，作者撰写这篇文章的目的是介绍尼格尔·理查兹的获胜经历和策略。故选D项。 Passage 3 （2026·黑龙江大庆·一模）If you’ve ever felt lonely, you’re not the only one. In a survey conducted late last year in the U.S., 20 percent of adults reported feeling lonely, and this feeling is not limited to the U.S. According to the World Health Organization, the world is experiencing a global health crisis — loneliness. Today, many live isolated (隔离的) lives. People used to belong to a variety of social clubs where they met face-to-face, whereas now, life seems to have shifted online, where people shop, hold work meetings, date, play games, etc. In fact, American adults spend significantly less time socializing face-to-face than they did 20 years ago. Adults in other countries are no better. The issue of loneliness in South Korea has attracted national attention as young people are spending more time at home by themselves. In Singapore, the trend is for people to believe that they need to be self-sufficient and manage their emotions by themselves. Psychologists agree this can be healthy; however, Mr. Jamil warns that too much self-reliance is dangerous if people don’t connect with others because they view it as being weak. Mental health experts say that even though there is digital connectedness, loneliness among young adults is high because their communication is usually shallow. Clinical psychologist Haikal Jamil says, “Online connections tend to focus on brief, surface-level exchanges such as likes, comments and short messages, rather than supportive conversations.” How can we fight this crisis? A U.S. study found that when people like what they do every day, whether work or a hobby, their chances of experiencing loneliness diminish. Additionally, exercising, taking a class or playing sports helps people feel active and productive, giving them the mental energy needed to interact with others, thus improving their mental health. The battle against loneliness isn’t easy, but the methods above can be a start. 9．How does the author illustrate the issue in paragraph 2? A．By making a comparison. B．By offering a definition. C．By giving examples. D．By listing numbers. 10．Why does online communication fail to replace face-to-face socialization? A．It lacks deep interaction. B．It refuses to follow the trend. C．It shows signs of weakness. D．It prevents long conversations. 11．What does the underlined word “diminish” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Disappear. B．Return. C．Expose. D．Decrease. 12．What is the text mainly about? A．Expressing and controlling emotions. B．Developing and displaying social skills. C．Acknowledging and handling loneliness. D．Analyzing and improving mental condition. 【答案】9．A 10．A 11．D 12．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了全球正经历的孤独危机，探讨了孤独产生的原因，包括社交方式的转变、过度自我依赖以及线上交流缺乏深度等，并提出了应对孤独的方法，如做自己喜欢的事、锻炼、上课或参加体育活动等。 9．推理判断题。根据第二段中“People used to belong to a variety of social clubs where they met face-to-face, whereas now, life seems to have shifted online, where people shop, hold work meetings, date, play games, etc. In fact, American adults spend significantly less time socializing face-to-face than they did 20 years ago. Adults in other countries are no better.(过去，人们常常属于各种各样的社交俱乐部，在那里他们进行面对面的交流，而现在，生活似乎已经转移到了线上，人们在线上购物、开工作会议、约会、玩游戏等等。事实上，与20年前相比，美国成年人花在面对面社交上的时间大幅减少。其他国家的成年人情况也并不乐观。)”可知，作者通过对比过去和现在人们的社交方式来阐述第二段中提到的孤独问题。故选A项。 10．细节理解题。根据第四段“Mental health experts say that even though there is digital connectedness, loneliness among young adults is high because their communication is usually shallow. Clinical psychologist Haikal Jamil says, “Online connections tend to focus on brief, surface-level exchanges such as likes, comments and short messages, rather than supportive conversations.” (心理健康专家表示，尽管存在数字连接，但年轻人中的孤独感却很高，因为他们的交流通常很肤浅。临床心理学家Haikal Jamil说：“线上联系往往侧重于简短、表面层次的交流，比如点赞、评论和短消息，而非能提供支持的对话。”)”可知，在线交流不能取代面对面社交是因为它缺乏深度的互动。故选A项。 11．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“A U.S. study found that when people like what they do every day, whether work or a hobby, their chances of experiencing loneliness diminish. (一项美国研究发现，当人们喜欢自己每天所做的事情时，无论是工作还是爱好，他们感到孤独的可能性都会diminish。)”可知，当人们喜欢他们每天做的事情时，他们体验孤独的机会应该会“减少，降低”，因此diminish应与Decrease意思相近，表示“减少，降低”。故选D项。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“If you’ve ever felt lonely, you’re not the only one. In a survey conducted late last year in the U.S., 20 percent of adults reported feeling lonely, and this feeling is not limited to the U.S. (如果你曾经感到孤独，你并不是唯一一个有这种感受的人。去年年底在美国进行的一项调查显示，20%的成年人表示感到孤独，而且这种感受并非仅限于美国。)”可知，文章主要介绍了全球正经历的孤独危机，探讨了孤独产生的原因，并提出了应对孤独的方法。所以“Acknowledging and handling loneliness (承认并处理孤独)”为文章的核心主旨。故选C项。 Passage 4 （2026·辽宁·一模）For decades, cancer treatment has been dominated by chemotherapy (化疗) , a tool that attacks rapidly dividing cells — both cancerous and healthy ones. Patients undergoing chemotherapy often suffer severe side effects such as hair loss, and weakened immunity, making the treatment process as painful as the disease itself. However, the emergence of targeted drugs has started an era of precision medicine that treats cancer not with a “carpet bombing” but with a “precision strike.” Unlike chemotherapy, which harms healthy cells without discrimination, targeted drugs cause minimal damage to normal tissues. Most patients only experience mild side effects like diarrhea, allowing them to maintain a relatively normal quality of life during treatment. Many targeted drugs are also available in oral form, saving patients from frequent hospital visits for injections. Targeted drugs work like smart missiles equipped with advanced navigation systems. Each cancer cell carries unique molecular (分子的) features called “targets,” which are like the special locks on the cells. Researchers design targeted drugs to act as the matching keys, enabling them to attach specifically to these targets. A well-known drug, Trastuzumab, focuses on the HER2 protein overexpressed in some breast cancer cells, blocking their growth signals and enhancing the immune system’s ability to destroy cancer cells. Yet, targeted therapy still faces major difficulties: drug resistance and high costs. Cancer cells are highly adaptable. After months or years of treatment, they may mutate (突变) to escape the effects of targeted drugs. Some lung cancer patients treated with first-generation EGFR inhibitors (抑制剂) , for instance, develop the T790M mutation, making the drugs ineffective. Meanwhile, the long and costly development process of targeted drugs — from target discovery to clinical trials — leads to extremely high prices, putting them out of reach for many patients worldwide. The future of targeted drugs lies in constant innovation. Scientists are exploring combined therapies, such as pairing targeted drugs with immunotherapy, bringing new hope to countless cancer patients and moving humanity closer to defeating cancer. 13．What advantage do targeted drugs have over chemotherapy? A．They can completely cure cancer. B．They precisely attack cancer cells. C．They work faster than chemotherapy. D．They have no side effects on tissues. 14．Why does the author mention Trastuzumab in paragraph 3? A．To illustrate how targeted drugs work. B．To explain how cancer cells mutate and resist drugs. C．To compare targeted drugs with traditional chemotherapy. D．To show targeted drugs are only effective for breast cancer. 15．What can we infer about targeted therapy in paragraph 4? A．Targeted drugs will soon replace chemotherapy. B．High costs limit the use of targeted drugs globally. C．Drug resistance can be solved by T790M mutation. D．The T790M mutation makes cancer cells sensitive to drugs. 16．What is the author’s attitude towards the future of targeted drugs? A．Doubtful. B．Pessimistic. C．Optimistic. D．Unconcerned. 【答案】13．B 14．A 15．B 16．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了靶向药物相较于化疗的优势、作用原理、面临的困难及未来发展前景。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Unlike chemotherapy, which harms healthy cells without discrimination, targeted drugs cause minimal damage to normal tissues. (与化疗无差别地伤害健康细胞不同，靶向药物对正常组织的损伤极小)”以及第三段“Researchers design targeted drugs to act as the matching keys, enabling them to attach specifically to these targets. (研究人员设计靶向药物作为匹配的钥匙，使它们能够特异性地结合到这些靶点上)”可知，靶向药物能精准攻击癌细胞。故选B项。 14．推理判断题。根据第三段“Targeted drugs work like smart missiles equipped with advanced navigation systems. Each cancer cell carries unique molecular (分子的) features called “targets,” which are like the special locks on the cells. Researchers design targeted drugs to act as the matching keys, enabling them to attach specifically to these targets. A well-known drug, Trastuzumab, focuses on the HER2 protein overexpressed in some breast cancer cells, blocking their growth signals and enhancing the immune system’s ability to destroy cancer cells. (靶向药物就像配备了先进导航系统的智能导弹。每个癌细胞都携带独特的分子特征，称为“靶点”，就像细胞上的特殊锁。研究人员设计靶向药物作为匹配的钥匙，使它们能够特异性地结合到这些靶点上。一种著名的药物曲妥珠单抗，针对一些乳腺癌细胞中过度表达的HER2蛋白，阻断其生长信号，增强免疫系统破坏癌细胞的能力)”可知，作者提到曲妥珠单抗是为了说明靶向药物是如何工作的。故选A项。 15．推理判断题。根据第四段“Meanwhile, the long and costly development process of targeted drugs — from target discovery to clinical trials — leads to extremely high prices, putting them out of reach for many patients worldwide. (同时，靶向药物从靶点发现到临床试验的漫长而昂贵的开发过程导致价格极高，使全球许多患者无法承受)”可推断，高昂的成本限制了靶向药物在全球的使用。故选B项。 16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The future of targeted drugs lies in constant innovation. Scientists are exploring combined therapies, such as pairing targeted drugs with immunotherapy, bringing new hope to countless cancer patients and moving humanity closer to defeating cancer. (靶向药物的未来在于不断创新。科学家们正在探索联合疗法，例如将靶向药物与免疫疗法相结合，为无数癌症患者带来新的希望，使人类更接近战胜癌症)”可知，作者对靶向药物的未来持乐观态度。故选C项。 Passage 5 （2026·辽宁鞍山·一模）Why might you be attracted to one face over another? It’s an age-old question thought to be too subjective to be worth serious scientific analysis until recently. But attractiveness is not, as you might at first think, linked with distinctiveness; It’s actually the opposite. Studies have repeatedly shown that when it comes to which faces we prefer, we are more impressed by averageness. Researchers created artificial faces on a computer by combining photos of several people’s faces to generate a composite, “average” image. In preference trials, these highly average faces were consistently rated most attractive. As well as averageness, there is another important influence on how physically attractive a person’s face is perceived to be. A simple research study shatters whatever romantic notions you may hold. Male and female volunteers looked at a series of smiling female faces and were asked to rate the attractiveness of each one. Some of the faces they saw just once, while others they saw six times. By the end of the study, the repeatedly viewed faces were picking up higher attractiveness ratings for no other reason than the added exposure. Did you think familiarity leads to contempt? You couldn’t be more wrong. This tendency is known to psychologists as the “mere exposure effect”. It applies to many different situations. Research has shown that people will evaluate photographs, sounds, shapes, names and even made-up words more positively if they have encountered them before. While these studies witness the importance of looks when it comes to romance, there is still hope for us all. If you are not blessed with the average features that most of us apparently deserve, then simply presenting yourself as often as possible to the object of your desire may overcome this. Harness the “mere exposure effect” to your advantage in the hope that your crush will develop a liking for the familiar. Perseverance can win out in the end. 17．Why do you prefer one face to another according to the passage? A．Attractiveness. B．Uniqueness. C．Averageness. D．Subjectivity. 18．Which word can replace the underlined word  “contempt” in Paragraph 4? A．Ignorance. B．Fondness. C．Trust. D．Dependence. 19．How can you let someone like you according to the passage? A．Good manners. B．Frequent visits. C．Nice appearance. D．Strong personality. 20．What is the best title of the passage? A．How we attract others? B．How subjective someone is attractive? C．Why we find someone more beautiful? D．Why we find average faces the most attractive? 【答案】17．C 18．A 19．B 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨人们偏爱某些面孔的原因，介绍平均脸更具吸引力及“单纯曝光效应”，并给出利用该效应让他人产生好感的建议。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Studies have repeatedly shown that when it comes to which faces we prefer, we are more impressed by averageness.(研究一再表明，在我们偏爱哪些面孔这个问题上，我们对平均脸的印象更深。)”可知，人们偏爱某张面孔的原因是平均脸特质。故选C项。 18．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“By the end of the study, the repeatedly viewed faces were picking up higher attractiveness ratings for no other reason than the added exposure. Did you think familiarity leads to contempt? You couldn’t be more wrong. (研究结束时，那些被反复观看的面孔获得了更高的吸引力评分，原因仅仅是曝光次数的增加。你以为熟悉会导致contempt吗？你大错特错了。)” 可知，前文强调 “反复观看（熟悉）让面孔更有吸引力”，后文通过反问否定 “熟悉会导致……”，结合“大错特错”可推断，“contempt”应与“好感、吸引力”相反，所以划线单词的意思与“Ignorance（轻视、无视）” 意义相近。故选A项。 19．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“If you are not blessed with the average features that most of us apparently deserve, then simply presenting yourself as often as possible to the object of your desire may overcome this. Harness the “mere exposure effect” to your advantage in the hope that your crush will develop a liking for the familiar. (如果你没有天生拥有我们大多数人显然应有的平均容貌特征，那么简单地尽可能频繁地在你心仪的人面前出现，或许就能弥补这一点。利用“单纯曝光效应”为自己谋利，希望你喜欢的人会对熟悉的你产生好感。)”可知，频繁出现在心仪对象面前能让对方喜欢你。故选B项。 20．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“Studies have repeatedly shown that when it comes to which faces we prefer, we are more impressed by averageness. Researchers created artificial faces on a computer by combining photos of several people’s faces to generate a composite, “average” image. In preference trials, these highly average faces were consistently rated most attractive.(研究一再表明，在我们偏爱哪些面孔这个问题上，我们对平均脸的印象更深。研究人员在电脑上通过组合几个人的面部照片，生成了一张合成的“平均”脸图像。在偏好测试中，这些高度平均的面孔一直被评为最具吸引力。)”可知，文章核心围绕 “人们为何会觉得某张面孔更具吸引力” 展开：先否定 “独特性”“主观性” 的旧认知，再通过研究证明 “平均化特征” 和 “单纯曝光效应” 两个关键原因，最后给出 “利用曝光效应提升好感” 的建议，整体逻辑是 “解释面孔吸引力的成因”。所以“为什么我们会觉得某人更美？”最能概括全文，适合作为最佳标题。故选C项。 主题 02 人与社会 Passage 1 （2026·内蒙古赤峰·一模）Most science fiction books paint grand visions of the future — monumental space battles, cruel and disordered worlds, or technological utopias (乌托邦). Douglas Adams took a different route. Instead of idealizing space travel, he turned it into a bureaucratic (官僚主义的) nightmare. Rather than having noble heroes, he gave us a confused Englishman in a bathrobe. Instead of deep philosophical insights, he gave us a joke about the number 42 being the answer to everything. The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy opens by describing Earth as an “insignificant little blue-green planet”. Adams prepares readers to separate themselves from their attachments to their own world. Adams urges readers to look at human existence objectively. In doing this, he is able to illustrate the insignificance of things like money, to which humans otherwise attach great meaning. What’s more, he suggests that humans are fundamentally unhappy and that the pursuit to ease this discontentment is a key part of life on Earth. Unfortunately, though, it’s clear that humans are incompetent at identifying the true source of their unhappiness, something that surely intensifies their lack of contentment. The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy is a book that refuses to be boxed into one genre. It’s science fiction, but it’s also satire. It’s full of deep ideas but never takes itself seriously. It’s absurd (荒谬的), yet surprisingly insightful. Adams uses deadly serious delivery to explain humanity’s struggle to find meaning in life. Still, he emphasizes the extent to which humans long to find happiness in life, framing the species as a group who constantly pursues knowledge about the nature of its own existence. Whether you’re a sci-fi fan or not, this book is a must-read. It makes you laugh out loud while weaving in wisdom, proving that life’s absurdity is part of its charm. As its cover advises: “DON’T PANIC” — just dive into this funny, smart, and endlessly memorable adventure. 21．How is Douglas Adams’ writing different from most sci-fi books? A．It describes grand space battles. B．It takes noble spirit as its theme. C．It includes deep philosophical ideas. D．It uses absurd humor for sci-fi elements. 22．Why does Douglas Adams describe Earth as “insignificant”? A．To help readers view human life objectively. B．To prove money is meaningless to humans. C．To show humans can’t escape unhappiness. D．To stress Earth is small in the universe. 23．What does paragraph 3 try to illustrate? A．The book’s oddity and absurdity. B．The book’s unique feature and theme. C．Douglas Adams’ philosophical insights. D．The popular characters in the book. 24．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To compare Adams’ works with others. B．To analyze the genre of a book. C．To explain features of science fiction. D．To recommend a science fiction. 【答案】21．D 22．A 23．B 24．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了道格拉斯·亚当斯的科幻作品《银河系漫游指南》的独特之处、主题及推荐理由。 21．细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead of deep philosophical insights, he gave us a joke about the number 42 being the answer to everything. (他没有给出深刻的哲学见解，而是给我们开了一个关于数字42是一切问题答案的玩笑)”以及第三段“It’s absurd (荒谬的), yet surprisingly insightful. (它很荒谬，但却有着惊人的洞察力)”可知，道格拉斯·亚当斯的写作与大多数科幻书籍不同之处在于，他为科幻元素运用了荒谬的幽默。故选D。 22．推理判断题。根据第二段“The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy opens by describing Earth as an “insignificant little blue-green planet”. Adams prepares readers to separate themselves from their attachments to their own world. Adams urges readers to look at human existence objectively. (《银河系漫游指南》开篇将地球描述为一颗“微不足道的蓝绿色小行星”。亚当斯让读者做好准备，让他们从对自己世界的依恋中分离出来。亚当斯敦促读者客观地看待人类的存在)”可知，道格拉斯·亚当斯将地球描述为“微不足道的”是为了帮助读者客观地看待人类生命。故选A。 23．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy is a book that refuses to be boxed into one genre. It’s science fiction, but it’s also satire. It’s full of deep ideas but never takes itself seriously. It’s absurd (荒谬的), yet surprisingly insightful. (《银河系漫游指南》是一本拒绝被归为某一类型的书。它是科幻小说，但也是讽刺小说。它充满了深刻的思想，但从不把自己当回事。它很荒谬，但却有着惊人的洞察力)”可知，第三段试图说明这本书的独特特点和主题。故选B。 24．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whether you’re a sci-fi fan or not, this book is a must-read. It makes you laugh out loud while weaving in wisdom, proving that life’s absurdity is part of its charm. As its cover advises: “DON’T PANIC” — just dive into this funny, smart, and endlessly memorable adventure. (无论你是不是科幻迷，这本书都是必读的。它让你开怀大笑的同时融入了智慧，证明了生活的荒谬是它魅力的一部分。正如封面所建议的那样：“不要惊慌”——只需投身于这场有趣、聪明且令人难忘的冒险之中)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本科幻小说。故选D。 Passage 2 （2026·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）As global environmental conditions continue to decline, overconsumption, the act of consuming resources in an unsustainable way that outpaces the Earth’s ability to renew them, has emerged as a primary threat to planetary stability. If we keep consuming resources faster than they can regenerate themselves, we will eventually exhaust the ecosystems that sustain all life. Unfortunately, that’s exactly the reality we face. The Millennium Alliance for Humanity and Biosphere warns that global oil reserves could be exhausted by 2052 if overconsumption continues to intensify. “First and foremost, consumerism drives people to buy far more than they need,” explains Laura Fox, research scholar at Yale Law School. Meanwhile, the issue is largely a byproduct of technological advancement, which has increased production capacity, making goods cheaper and more accessible, while sophisticated advertising algorithms (算法) have affected consumers with endless promotions, enabling brands to target audiences with remarkable precision. This excessive demand for goods has left a horrible mark on our planet. Overconsumption fuels the constant extraction of resources like oil. The Niger Delta, one of the world’s largest and most biodiverse wetlands, was once a rich ecosystem with thriving farmlands and fisheries. However, nearly a century of oil drilling has released harmful chemicals into the atmosphere, causing acid rain, which damages roofs and building structures, destroys crops, and poisons local water supplies across the area. Worse still, more residents of the Delta suffer from health issues, with rising rates of cancer and other pollution-related illnesses. So, how can we fight overconsumption? At the individual level, small and consistent changes can make a meaningful difference. Opting for reusable containers over single-use plastics, switching to paperless billing, driving an electric vehicle, and adopting a plant-based diet are all practical ways to reduce our daily resource footprint. However, some environmental activists argue that the most impactful step individuals can take is simply to spend less money across the board. “If you want a rule of thumb for measuring your consumer impact, the best one is the amount of money you are spending,” said MacKinnon, a Canadian journalist. “If your expenses are increasing, you’re probably increasing your impact and vice versa.” 25．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A．By quoting an expert. B．By making a comparison. C．By providing statistics. D．By clarifying a concept. 26．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The impact of advertisements. B．The causes of overconsumption. C．The solutions to overconsumption. D．The role of consumerism in society. 27．What does the underlined phrase “a rule of thumb” in paragraph 5 mean? A．A detailed plan. B．A strict policy. C．A practical guideline. D．A traditional belief. 28．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To highlight the harm of excessive spending. B．To promote a green lifestyle. C．To stress the value of renewable resources. D．To criticize overproduction. 【答案】25．D 26．B 27．C 28．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文围绕过度消费这一全球现象展开，剖析其成因、危害，并倡导通过选择可持续的生活方式来共同应对这一全球性挑战，守护地球家园。 25．推理判断题。根据第一段“As global environmental conditions continue to decline, overconsumption, the act of consuming resources in an unsustainable way that outpaces the Earth’s ability to renew them, has emerged as a primary threat to planetary stability.(随着全球环境状况持续恶化，过度消费—— 即以不可持续的方式消耗资源、其消耗速度超过地球自我修复能力的行为 —— 已成为地球生态稳定的一大主要威胁。)”可知，作者通过界定过度消费的概念来引出该问题。故选D项。 26．主旨大意题。根据第二段““First and foremost, consumerism drives people to buy far more than they need,” explains Laura Fox, research scholar at Yale Law School. Meanwhile, the issue is largely a byproduct of technological advancement, which has increased production capacity, making goods cheaper and more accessible, while sophisticated advertising algorithms (算法) have affected consumers with endless promotions, enabling brands to target audiences with remarkable precision.(“首先，消费主义驱使人们购买远超所需的东西，”耶鲁法学院研究学者劳拉・福克斯（Laura Fox）解释道。与此同时，这个问题在很大程度上是技术进步的副产品 —— 技术提升了生产能力，使得商品更便宜、更容易获得；而精密的广告算法则通过无休止的促销活动影响消费者，让品牌能够以极高的精准度锁定目标群体。)”可知，本段主要阐述了过度消费的成因。故选B项。 27．词句猜测题。根据第五段“If you want a rule of thumb for measuring your consumer impact, the best one is the amount of money you are spending.(如果你想找衡量消费影响的a rule of thumb，最好的准则就是你的花费金额。)”和“If your expenses are increasing, you’re probably increasing your impact and vice versa.( 如果你的支出在增加，那么你对环境造成的影响可能也在加大，反之亦然。)”以及上下文语境可知，这里指用花费金额作衡量消费影响的实用准则，所以a rule of thumb意为“实用的指导原则”。故选C项。 28．推理判断题。根据第四段“So, how can we fight overconsumption? At the individual level, small and consistent changes can make a meaningful difference. Opting for reusable containers over single-use plastics, switching to paperless billing, driving an electric vehicle, and adopting a plant-based diet are all practical ways to reduce our daily resource footprint.(那么，我们该如何对抗过度消费呢？在个人层面，微小而持续的改变便能带来显著影响。选择可重复使用的容器而非一次性塑料、改用无纸化账单结算、驾驶电动汽车以及采用植物性饮食，这些都是减少日常资源足迹的实用方法。)”可知，作者写作本文的目的是倡导绿色环保的生活方式。故选B项。 Passage 3 （2026·吉林·一模）Chinese scientists have created multi-colored succulents (多肉植物) that glow in the dark by adding special “afterglow” particles (粒子) to their leaves. The particles absorb and slowly release light, letting the plants shine for up to two hours — an improvement over prior glowing plants, with potential for sustainable plant-based lighting. Earlier attempts to create glowing plants used two main methods. One approach used glowing genes from organisms like phytoplankton (浮游植物), while the other involved putting light-emitting particles into plants. However, the first method mostly produced only green light, and the second created weak brightness. The main challenge was finding particles that were small enough to pass through plant tissues, yet large enough to produce bright light. Previous experiments with very small particles only made dim light that faded quickly. The research team from South China Agricultural University, led by Shuting Liu, developed a new method using larger particles about the size of human red blood cells. These particles were big enough to produce strong, long-lasting light while still able to permeate the succulent plants they selected. The team chose succulents because these plants have naturally larger spaces between their cells, allowing the bigger particles to spread effectively — unlike other plants they tested. In their experiments, scientists put different colored glowing particles into the succulent leaves. After just a few minutes of exposure to sunlight or regular indoor light, the plants began to glow. Green particles worked best, providing light for up to two hours with brightness similar to a small night light. The team created the world’s first multi-colored glowing plants and even built a wall of 56 succulents that produced enough light to see objects and read in the dark. Liu expressed amazement at how well these human-made materials work with natural plant structures. This advancement opens possibilities for future environmentally sustainable lighting where plants could be “charged” by sunlight like batteries, serving both decorative and practical lighting purposes. 29．What was the key to solving the previous technical challenge? A．Inventing a new type of light-emitting particle. B．Focusing only on extending the glow duration. C．Matching larger particles with a suitable plant type. D．Making the plants absorb sunlight more efficiently. 30．Which phrase has the closest meaning to “permeate” in paragraph 3? A．Move through. B．Act on. C．Attend to. D．Pile up. 31．Why does the author mention the experiment with the “wall of succulents”? A．To stress the cost-effectiveness of the production. B．To demonstrate the potential value of this attempt. C．To explain the process of selecting the best plants. D．To show the decorative function of the glowing plants. 32．What is the potential future application of this research? A．Replacing all household electric lights. B．Using plant-based lighting as a priority. C．Creating plants that glow without any power. D．Developing solar-powered lighting from plants. 【答案】29．C 30．A 31．B 32．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科学家通过在多肉植物的叶片中添加特殊的“持续发光”粒子，成功培育出了能在黑暗中发光的多肉植物，以及该技术的突破、实验过程和潜在应用。 29．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The research team from South China Agricultural University, led by Shuting Liu, developed a new method using larger particles about the size of human red blood cells. These particles were big enough to produce strong, long-lasting light while still able to permeate the succulent plants they selected. The team chose succulents because these plants have naturally larger spaces between their cells, allowing the bigger particles to spread effectively — unlike other plants they tested.(由刘淑婷领导的华南农业大学研究团队开发了一种新方法，使用大约人类红细胞大小的更大粒子。这些粒子大到足以产生强烈、持久的光，同时还能渗透到他们选择的多肉植物中。研究小组选择多肉植物是因为这些植物的细胞间隙天生更大，能让更大的粒子有效扩散——这与他们测试的其他植物不同)”可知，解决之前技术难题的关键是将更大的粒子与合适的植物类型（多肉植物）相匹配。故选C项。 30．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“These particles were big enough to produce strong, long-lasting light while still able to permeate the succulent plants they selected. The team chose succulents because these plants have naturally larger spaces between their cells, allowing the bigger particles to spread effectively — unlike other plants they tested.(这些粒子大到足以产生强烈、持久的光，同时还能permeate到他们选择的多肉植物中。研究小组选择多肉植物是因为这些植物的细胞间隙天生更大，能让更大的粒子有效扩散——这与他们测试的其他植物不同)”可知，permeate的含义应与spread effectively“有效扩散”相关，结合粒子需要进入植物组织的语境，其意思是穿透、渗入，与“Move through(穿过)”意思最接近。故选A项。 31．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The team created the world’s first multi-colored glowing plants and even built a wall of 56 succulents that produced enough light to see objects and read in the dark.(该团队创造了世界上第一种多色发光植物，甚至用56株多肉植物搭建了一面墙，发出的光足以让人在黑暗中看清物体和阅读)”以及最后一段中的“This advancement opens possibilities for future environmentally sustainable lighting where plants could be “charged” by sunlight like batteries, serving both decorative and practical lighting purposes.(这一进步为未来环境可持续照明开辟了可能性，植物可以像电池一样被阳光“充电”，兼具装饰和实用照明功能)”可推知，作者提到“多肉植物墙”实验是为了证明这种尝试的潜在价值。故选B项。 32．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“This advancement opens possibilities for future environmentally sustainable lighting where plants could be “charged” by sunlight like batteries, serving both decorative and practical lighting purposes.(这一进步为未来环境可持续照明开辟了可能性，植物可以像电池一样被阳光“充电”，兼具装饰和实用照明功能)”可知，这项研究未来的潜在应用是开发由植物制成的太阳能照明。故选D项。 Passage 4 （2026·吉林白山·一模）A new player in the artificial intelligence field, DeepSeek, has been making waves. Developed by the Chinese company DeepSeek, this AI assistant has recently drawn widespread attention on social media. In January, DeepSeek released its AI model, DeepSeek (R1), which competes with industry leaders like OpenAI’s ChatGPT o1. What sets DeepSeek apart is its ability to create high-performing AI models at a fraction (少量) of the cost. DeepSeek is designed with user-friendliness in mind and is capable of assisting with a variety of tasks, from answering questions to generating content, similar to ChatGPT or Google’s Gemini. Unlike many American Al giants that offer free versions but charge for advanced features, DeepSeek provides full access to its services for free. Founded in 2023 by hedge fund manager Liang Wenfeng and headquartered in Hangzhou, China, DeepSeek specializes in developing open-source large language models. This opensource nature allows developers to customize the platform to their specific needs. Despite being relatively unknown before January, DeepSeek’s launch has sparked (引发) optimism for AI innovation and challenged the dominance of US tech giants that rely heavily on investments in chips, data centres, and energy. DeepSeek operates as a conversational AI, understanding and responding to natural language inputs. Users can ask simple questions, seek project assistance, conduct research, draft emails, and solve reasoning problems using DeepThink. DeepSeek offers two main models: DeepSeek-V3 and DeepThink (R1). The former functions similarly to the standard ChatGPT model, providing quick responses, text generation, email rewriting, and document summarization. The latter serves as an alternative to OpenAI’s subscription-based ChatGPT o1 model, yet both are available for free. Accessible through web browsers and mobile apps on iOS and Android devices. DeepSeek quickly gained popularity. By late January 2025, it became the most downloaded free app on both Apple’s iOS App Store and Google’s Play Store in the US and numerous other countries globally. Utilizing (利用) advanced machine learning models, DeepSeek processes information and generates responses efficiently across various tasks. Notably, the DeepThink (R1) model stands out by revealing its exact “thought process” and the time taken to formulate an answer before delivering a detailed response. 33．What can be learned about DeepSeek from Paragraph2? A．It is second to none in AI field. B．It has a user-friendly design. C．It charges fees to access questions. D．It was launched on the market in spring. 34．What do we know from Paragraph 3? A．The founding of DeepSeek. B．The disadvantage of DeepSeek. C．The future plans of DeepSeek. D．The global expansion of DeepSeek. 35．What is the author’s attitude towards DeepSeek’s impact on the AI industry? A．Tolerant. B．Negative. C．Unclear. D．Optimistic. 36．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Open Source AI Models: The Future of Technology B．The Rise of AI Innovation: A New Era Unfolds C．DeepSeek: A New Player in the AI Field D．Challenging UK Tech Giants: DeepSeek’s Breakthrough 【答案】33．B 34．A 35．D 36．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了DeepSeek公司及其开发的人工智能模型在AI领域带来的创新和影响。 33．推理判断题。根据第二段中“DeepSeek is designed with user-friendliness in mind and is capable of assisting with a variety of tasks, from answering questions to generating content, similar to ChatGPT or Google’s Gemini.( 深搜的设计注重用户友好性，能够协助完成各种任务，从回答问题到生成内容，类似于 ChatGPT 或谷歌的 Gemini。)”可知，DeepSeek在设计上注重用户友好性，所以可以推断出它有一个对用户友好的设计。故选B项。 34．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Founded in 2023 by hedge fund manager Liang Wenfeng and headquartered in Hangzhou, China, DeepSeek specializes in developing open-source large language models.( DeepSeek于 2023 年由对冲基金经理梁文峰创立，总部位于中国杭州，专注于开发开源的大语言模型。)”可知，第三段主要介绍了DeepSeek公司的成立背景。故选A项。 35．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Despite being relatively unknown before January, DeepSeek’s launch has sparked (引发) optimism for AI innovation and challenged the dominance of US tech giants that rely heavily on investments in chips, data centres, and energy.( 尽管在 1 月之前知名度并不高，但 DeepSeek 的推出却激发了人们对人工智能创新的乐观情绪，并对那些严重依赖芯片、数据中心和能源投资的美国科技巨头的主导地位构成了挑战。)” 可知，作者对DeepSeek创新带来的乐观看法，认为它为人工智能创新带来了新的希望和挑战传统的美国科技巨头。作者对它在AI领域的发展持积极态度。故选D项。 36．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章整体围绕着DeepSeek这个新的人工智能领域的参与者展开，介绍了它的各个方面，包括技术特点、发展情况、市场表现以及对行业的影响等。C选项“DeepSeek: A New Player in the AI Field(DeepSeek：人工智能领域的新力量)”最准确地概括了文章的主旨。故选C项。 Passage 5 （2026·吉林白山·一模）The ability to think about what others are thinking, known as “theory of mind”, is a crucial aspect of human interaction and cooperation. Scientists have long been intrigued if animals share this capability. Recent studies suggest that some animals, particularly great apes like chimpanzees and bonobos (倭黑猩猩), might possess this skill. A notable experiment conducted by researchers at Johns Hopkins University’s Ape Initiative provides convincing evidence. The study involved three male bonobos, who were taught to communicate using signs or symbols. These apes are known for their intelligence and cooperative problem-solving skills. In the experiment, scientist Luke Townrow sat across from a bonobo while another scientist hid a small snack under one of three inverted (使倒置) cups. The bonobo witnessed the hiding process but Mr Townrow was only able to see the cups half the time. When Mr Townrow couldn’t see where the snack was hidden, he would act confused and ask, “Hmm, where is the grape?” before waiting for 10 seconds. The results showed that when Mr Townrow lacked knowledge of the snack’s location, the bonobos pointed to the correct cup more quickly and frequently. This behaviour indicates that the bonobos were aware of Mr Townrow’s knowledge state and adapted their responses accordingly. While the study had limitations—such as the small number of bonobos and the possibility that their upbringing around humans influenced their behaviour—the findings are significant. They suggest that bonobos indeed have a theory of mind, allowing them to consider others’ thoughts and adjust their actions based on what they know others do not. This discovery enhances our understanding of animal cognition (认知) and social behaviour. It implies that the ability to think about others’ thoughts, once thought to be uniquely human, may be more widespread in the animal kingdom than previously believed. Further research with larger groups and wild bonobos could provide deeper insights into the extent and evolution of this cognitive ability in animals. 37．What does the underlined word "intrigued" in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Curious. B．Worried. C．Unconcerned. D．Amazed. 38．What does Paragraph 3 mainly focus on? A．The effect of the experiment. B．The process of the experiment. C．The purpose of the experiment. D．The principle of the experiment. 39．What is the result of the experiment? A．All animals have cognitive ability. B．Bonobos can be trained to communicate freely. C．Bonobos have a theory of mind similar to humans. D．Scientist Luke Townrow is skilled in confusing bonobos. 40．What may scientists view the experiment as? A．A morally questionable experiment. B．A definitive conclusion of the study. C．A time-consuming and cost-effective trial. D．A starting point for future investigations. 【答案】37．A 38．B 39．C 40．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家对动物是否具有“心智理论(theory of mind)”的研究，特别是通过约翰斯·霍普金斯大学猿类计划(Ape Initiative)的一项实验，发现倭黑猩猩可能具备这种能力。 37．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“The ability to think about what others are thinking, known as “theory of mind”, is a crucial aspect of human interaction and cooperation.( 能够揣摩他人想法的能力，即所谓的“心智理论”，是人类交流与合作的关键要素。)”以及划线单词句中“Scientists have long been …if animals share this capability.( 科学家们一直对动物是否具备这种能力……。)”由此可知，科学家们长期以来一直对动物是否具有人类互动和合作中至关重要的“心智理论”能力感到好奇。故可猜测intrigued的意思是“好奇的”，与A选项curious“好奇的”意思相近。故选A项。 38．主旨大意题。根据第三段“In the experiment, scientist Luke Townrow sat across from a bonobo while another scientist hid a small snack under one of three inverted (使倒置) cups. The bonobo witnessed the hiding process but Mr Townrow was only able to see the cups half the time. When Mr Townrow couldn’t see where the snack was hidden, he would act confused and ask, “Hmm, where is the grape?” before waiting for 10 seconds.( 在实验中，科学家卢克·汤罗站在一只倭黑猩猩对面，而另一位科学家将一小块零食藏在三个倒置的杯子中的一只下面。这只倭黑猩猩目睹了藏零食的过程，但汤罗先生只有半数时间能看到杯子的位置。当汤罗先生无法看到零食藏在哪里时，他会显得困惑并问道：“嗯，葡萄在哪里？”然后等待 10 秒钟。)”可知，这段主要关注的是实验过程。故选B项。 39．细节理解题。根据第四段“The results showed that when Mr Townrow lacked knowledge of the snack’s location, the bonobos pointed to the correct cup more quickly and frequently. This behaviour indicates that the bonobos were aware of Mr Townrow’s knowledge state and adapted their responses accordingly.( 实验结果表明，当汤罗先生不了解零食的位置时，倭黑猩猩指向正确杯子的速度更快、更频繁。这种行为表明，倭黑猩猩能够了解汤罗先生的知识状态，并相应地调整自己的反应。)”实验结果描述，当汤罗先生不知道零食藏在哪里时，倭黑猩猩能更快速且频繁地指向正确的杯子。这表明它们知道汤罗先生的知识状态并相应地调整了反应。由此可以得出结论，倭黑猩猩确实具有类似人类的“心智理论”。故选C项。 40．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Further research with larger groups and wild bonobos could provide deeper insights into the extent and evolution of this cognitive ability in animals.( 对更大规模群体和野生倭黑猩猩的进一步研究可能会为我们提供关于这种认知能力在动物中的范围和进化的更深入见解。)”表明科学家认为这个实验虽然有局限性，但为未来的研究提供了一个起点，未来可以通过更大规模的研究和野生倭黑猩猩的研究来更深入地了解动物的这种认知能力。所以科学家可能将这个实验视为未来研究的起点。故选D项。 Passage 6 （2026·吉林长春·一模）Labubu dolls, created by Chinese brand Pop Mart, are flying off shelves globally. Customers in Shanghai face week-long waits, while celebrities like Rihanna are also wild about them. This is one example of Chinese consumer brands whose popularity is hiking. For decades Chinese shoppers looked overseas for the latest trends in cosmetics, fashion and more. Now they are pouring to local luxury firms, high-end makeup brands and milk-tea shops. What’s more, many of these brands are gaining a devoted following abroad. Economic shifts drive this trend. Slower growth has made shoppers price-sensitive, favoring affordable yet quality local brands. Coffee chains Luckin and Cotti compete against Starbucks with lower prices. Even high-end segments (部分) see local dominance: Electric vehicles like NIO and Li Auto lead the “entry-luxury” market. Cultural pride plays a role as well. Brands like Chagee Tea and Laopu proudly highlight their Chinese roots, contrasting with foreign labels once seen as status symbols. Social media empowers consumers to reject overpriced imports, seeking “emotional value” instead. For instance, formulas (配方) of Mao Geping, which is named after its founder, a famous make-up artist, match those of foreign brands but cost half as much. Strategic expansion into smaller cities also boosts success. Brands like Mixue, a cold-drink chain boom in third-tier cities, where spending grows faster than in major cities. Pop Mart now operates over 30 stores in the U.S. , while Chagee plans 1,300 overseas outlet s by 2027. Decades of Western dominance in retail is fading. As Chinese brands combine affordability, innovation, and cultural identity, they’re reshaping global markets — and winning hearts at home and abroad. 41．What do we know about Chinese shoppers nowadays? A．They often go for price over quality. B．They come to favor homegrown brands. C．They prioritize to follow the latest trends. D．They can’t help having a preference for Labubu. 42．What does the author indicate by mentioning examples in paragraph 4? A．Social media is urging less spending. B．Cultural roots contributes to brand success. C．Foreign brands are suffering greatly in China. D．Domestic brands are regarded as status labels. 43．What is the author’s attitude towards the future of Chinese brands? A．Optimistic. B．Doubtful. C．Neutral. D．Unconcerned. 44．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Labubu’s Global Rise: A Pop Mart Success Story B．The New Wave: Chinese Brands Win at Home and Abroad C．Smart China’s Shoppers: Price, Preference, and Local Picks D．Western Brands’ Decline: Lose Ground in the Chinese Market 【答案】41．B 42．B 43．A 44．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是中国消费品牌在全球范围内日益流行的趋势，分析了推动这一趋势背后的经济、文化因素以及战略扩张举措。 41．细节理解题。根据第二段“Now they are pouring to local luxury firms, high-end makeup brands and milk-tea shops.(如今，他们正纷纷涌向本土奢侈品牌、高端化妆品品牌和奶茶店。)”可知，如今中国消费者现在更青睐本土品牌。故选B。 42．推理判断题。根据第四段“Cultural pride plays a role as well. Brands like Chagee Tea and Laopu proudly highlight their Chinese roots, contrasting with foreign labels once seen as status symbols.(文化自豪感也发挥了重要作用。像霸王茶姬（Chagee Tea）和老铺黄金（Laopu）等品牌自豪地彰显其中国根源，这与曾经被视为身份象征的外国品牌形成鲜明对比。)”可知，作者在第4段中通过举例想要表明文化根源有助于品牌成功。故选B。 43．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Decades of Western dominance in retail is fading. As Chinese brands combine affordability, innovation, and cultural identity, they’re reshaping global markets — and winning hearts at home and abroad.(几十年来西方在零售业的主导地位正在逐渐消退。随着中国品牌融合了价格亲民、创新和文化认同等优势，它们正在重塑全球市场——并在国内外赢得了人心。)”可知，作者对中国品牌的未来持乐观的态度。故选A。 44．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“This is one example of Chinese consumer brands whose popularity is hiking. For decades Chinese shoppers looked overseas for the latest trends in cosmetics, fashion and more. Now they are pouring to local luxury firms, high-end makeup brands and milk-tea shops. What’s more, many of these brands are gaining a devoted following abroad.(这只是中国消费品牌人气飙升的一个例子。几十年来，中国消费者一直将目光投向海外，追寻化妆品、时尚等领域的最新潮流。如今，他们正纷纷涌向本土奢侈品牌、高端化妆品品牌和奶茶店。此外，许多这些品牌还在国外赢得了一批忠实粉丝。)”和最后一段“Decades of Western dominance in retail is fading. As Chinese brands combine affordability, innovation, and cultural identity, they’re reshaping global markets—and winning hearts at home and abroad.(几十年来西方在零售业的主导地位正在逐渐消退。随着中国品牌融合了价格亲民、创新和文化认同等优势，它们正在重塑全球市场——并在国内外赢得了人心。)”可知，本文主要讲的是中国消费品牌在全球范围内日益流行的趋势，分析了推动这一趋势背后的经济、文化因素以及战略扩张举措，因此最恰当的题目是B选项“The New Wave: Chinese Brands Win at Home and Abroad (新潮流：中国品牌在国内外赢得市场)”。故选B。 Passage 7 （2026·辽宁·一模）No one likes the sound of someone else’s chewing or drinking. But for some people, it’s enough to cause uncontrollable feelings of anger or disgust. If this sounds like you, you possibly suffer from a disorder known as misophonia (恐音症). People with misophonia overreact to some everyday sounds, especially those made by others. Though the phenomenon has been well documented, what exactly causes it hasn’t been clear. Now a recent paper in The Journal of Neuroscience provides a persuasive explanation — misophonia isn’t related to hearing so much as to excessive mirror-neuron (镜像神经元) activity in the observer when he is watching or hearing someone else’s orofacial (口面部) actions. The study, led by Sukhinder Kumar at Newcastle University, shows that too much mirroring causes anger in some sufferers, and anxiety in others. The so-called “mirror neurons” were first discovered in monkeys. Groups of these neurons prove a boon to monkeys. The neural system is thought to aid learning from others, and also cooperation with each other, so that a group can hunt together effectively. For example, in people, there is evidence for mirror systems for movement and emotion. Misophonia has been thought of as a disorder of sound emotion processing. However, Kumar and his colleagues are doubtful about this theory. The team analyzed the fMRI brain scan data on 42 people with and without misophonia while they listened to trigger sounds, including breathing and chewing gum. People with misophonia showed stronger connectivity between the auditory cortex (大脑皮层) and the orofacial motor area. The fact that the misophonia group showed differences specifically involving facial motor regions indicates misophonia is caused by mirroring someone else’s facial movements — rather than abnormal sound processing. For some sufferers and their families, misophonia is a very serious problem. According to Pradeep, a neuroscientist with a PhD, the new study opens a novel window into treatment options for misophonia. “Instead of focusing on sound centers in the brain that many existing therapies do, effective therapies should consider motor areas of the brain as well,” said Pradeep. 45．What is the main focus of the new study? A．Defining a common phenomenon in life. B．Exploring the troubles of people with misophonia. C．Investigating why certain sounds drive people crazy. D．Analyzing the impact of certain sounds on people’s behavior. 46．What does the underlined word “boon” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Character. B．Evidence. C．Source. D．Blessing. 47．How do the researchers conduct their study? A．By having people copy chewing sounds. B．By asking people to describe their feelings. C．By letting people check their face in mirrors. D．By monitoring brains during exposure to sounds. 48．Which of the following can best summarize Pradeep’s view on the significance of the new study? A．It stresses sound avoidance for sufferers. B．It offers a new direction for better treatments. C．It confirms misophonia as a sound-emotion disorder. D．It shows a need for behavioral symptom management. 【答案】45．C 46．D 47．D 48．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了《神经科学期刊》的一项新研究发现，恐音症源于观察他人口面部动作时镜像神经元过度活跃，而非异常声音处理，并提供了新的治疗方向。 45．细节理解题。根据第二段“Now a recent paper in The Journal of Neuroscience provides a persuasive explanation — misophonia isn’t related to hearing so much as to excessive mirror-neuron (镜像神经元) activity in the observer when he is watching or hearing someone else’s orofacial (口面部) actions.(《神经科学杂志》近期发表的一篇论文给出了一个颇具说服力的解释：恐音症并非与听力直接相关，而是与观察者在观看或听到他人口部面部动作时过度活跃的镜像神经元活动有关)”可知，这项新研究的主要关注点是探究为何某些声音会让人发狂。故选C。 46．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“The neural system is thought to aid learning from others, and also cooperation with each other, so that a group can hunt together effectively.(神经系统被认为有助于个体从他人身上学习，并促进彼此之间的合作，从而使群体能够有效地共同狩猎)”可知，后文说镜像神经元帮助学习、合作，说明是有益、好事。故划线词意思是“益处”。故选D。 47．细节理解题。根据第四段“The team analyzed the fMRI brain scan data on 42 people with and without misophonia while they listened to trigger sounds, including breathing and chewing gum.(该团队对42名患有及未患有恐音症的受试者在听到触发声音（包括呼吸声和嚼口香糖的声音）时的功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）脑部扫描数据进行了分析)”可知，研究人员通过在暴露于声音环境中时对大脑进行监测进行这项研究。故选D。 48．细节理解题。根据最后一段“According to Pradeep, a neuroscientist with a PhD, the new study opens a novel window into treatment options for misophonia.(据拥有博士学位的神经科学家普拉迪普称，这项新研究为治疗“恐音症”提供了全新的思路)”可知，这项新研究的意义是为更有效的治疗方法开辟了新方向。故选B。 Passage 8 （2026·辽宁沈阳·一模）The age of artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed our interactions, but threatens human dignity on a worldwide scale, according to a study led by Charles Darwin University (CDU). Study lead author Dr Maria Randazzo, an academic from CDU’s School of Law, found AI algorithm (算法) was reshaping Western legal and ethical landscapes at high speed but was destroying democratic values and deepening systemic biases. Dr Randazzo said current regulation failed to prioritize fundamental human rights and freedoms such as privacy, anti-discrimination, user autonomy, and intellectual property rights — mainly thanks to the lack of transparency (透明性) of many algorithmic models. Calling this hidden logic a “black box problem,” Dr Randazzo said decisions made by deep-learning or machine-learning processes were impossible for humans to track, making it difficult for users to determine if and why an AI model has disregarded their rights and dignity and seek justice where necessary. “This is a very significant issue that is only going to get worse without adequate regulation,” Dr Randazzo said. “AI is not intelligent in any human sense at all. It is a success in engineering, not in cognitive behavior. It has no clue what it’s doing or why — there’s no thought process as a human would understand it, just pattern recognition without memory, empathy, or wisdom.” Currently, the world’s three dominant digital powers, the United States, China, and the European Union, are taking markedly different approaches to AI, leaning on market-centric, state-centric, and human-centric models respectively. Dr Randazzo said the EU’s human-centric approach is the preferred path to protect human dignity but without a global commitment to this goal, even that approach falls short. “Globally, if we don’t anchor AI development to what makes us human — our capacity to choose, to feel, to reason with care, to empathy and compassion — we risk creating systems that devalue and flatten humanity into data points, rather than improve the human condition,” she said. “Humankind must not be treated as a means to an end.” 49．What is the primary cause of “black box problem”? A．Disregarding user autonomy. B．Treating humans as a means to an end. C．The untrackable nature of many algorithmic models. D．The systemic biases deeply rooted in democratic values. 50．What does Dr. Randazzo say about the nature of AI? A．It lacks the quality of human cognition. B．It’s a self-aware advanced intelligence. C．It possesses human-like understanding. D．It combines pattern recognition with empathy. 51．What does Dr. Randazzo think of EU’s approach? A．Perfect and practical. B．Fascinating but unrealistic. C．State-centric and powerful. D．Well-intentioned but insufficient. 52．According to the last paragraph, what is the main concern about the future of AI? A．It will escape human control. B．It may reduce the value of humanity. C．It discourages cooperation among digital powers. D．It can increase unemployment and social inequality. 【答案】49．C 50．A 51．D 52．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一项研究表明人工智能虽改变人类互动模式，但也威胁人类尊严，还探讨了其存在的问题与规范发展的方向。 49．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Dr Randazzo said current regulation failed to prioritize fundamental human rights and freedoms such as privacy, anti-discrimination, user autonomy, and intellectual property rights — mainly thanks to the lack of transparency (透明性) of many algorithmic models. Calling this hidden logic a “black box problem,” Dr Randazzo said decisions made by deep-learning or machine-learning processes were impossible for humans to track, making it difficult for users to determine if and why an AI model has disregarded their rights and dignity and seek justice where necessary. (兰达佐博士表示，当前的监管未能将隐私、反歧视、用户自主权和知识产权等基本人权与自由放在优先位置——这主要是由于许多算法模型缺乏透明度。兰达佐博士将这种隐藏的逻辑称为“黑箱问题”，并指出深度学习或机器学习过程所作出的决策无法被人类追踪，这使得用户难以判断人工智能模型是否以及为何忽视了自身的权利与尊严，也难以在必要时寻求公正。)”可知，黑箱问题的主要成因是许多算法模型的决策过程无法被人类追踪。故选C项。 50．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“AI is not intelligent in any human sense at all. It is a success in engineering, not in cognitive behavior. It has no clue what it’s doing or why — there’s no thought process as a human would understand it, just pattern recognition without memory, empathy, or wisdom. (人工智能根本不具备任何人类意义上的智能。它是工程学上的成功，而非认知行为上的成就。它完全不知道自己在做什么、为什么做——不存在人类所理解的思维过程，只有没有记忆、同理心和智慧的模式识别)”可知，兰达佐博士认为人工智能缺乏人类的认知能力。故选A项。 51．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Dr Randazzo said the EU's human-centric approach is the preferred path to protect human dignity but without a global commitment to this goal, even that approach falls short. (兰达佐博士表示，欧盟以人为中心的模式是保护人类尊严的理想路径，但如果没有全球范围内对这一目标的共同承诺，即便是这种模式也存在不足)”可知，兰达佐博士认为欧盟的做法出发点很好，但存在局限性。故选D项。 52．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的““Globally, if we don’t anchor AI development to what makes us human — our capacity to choose, to feel, to reason with care, to empathy and compassion — we risk creating systems that devalue and flatten humanity into data points, rather than improve the human condition,” she said. (她表示：“放眼全球，若我们不能将人工智能的发展锚定在人之为人的本质上——即我们拥有的选择能力、感知能力、审慎思辨的能力以及共情与悲悯之心——我们就可能会创造出这样的系统：它们将人类贬低、简化为一个个数据点，而非改善人类的生存境况。”)”可知，关于人工智能的未来，主要担忧是它可能会降低人类的价值。故选B项。 Passage 9 （2026·辽宁沈阳·一模）The simple act of looking at a piece of visual art can boost your well-being, a new research study has found, and this benefit can be gained in a hospital setting as well as an art gallery. Previous research has suggested that viewing art might influence mood or stress, but the research was limited and inconsistent. This study examined decades of scattered research, providing for the first time a clear and comprehensive overview of when, where and why art viewing is used to promote well-being. The review of 38 previously published studies covering a total of 6,805 participants was conducted by team of psychologists from University of Vienna, Trinity College Dublin, and Humboldt University of Berlin. It has been published this week in The Journal of Positive Psychology. “People often think of art as a luxury, but our research suggests that viewing art, whether as a hobby or as a targeted health intervention, can meaningfully support well-being,” said MacKenzie Trupp, lead author and researcher at the University of Vienna and Radboud UMC, Donders Institute. “By reframing art as a low-cost, accessible well-being resource, this research opens up exciting possibilities for integrating art into everyday environments and public health strategies.” Claire Howlin, Assistant Professor, School of Psychology, Trinity, added, “While the mental health benefits of creating art have been widely explored, the impact of viewing art has been under-researched and undervalued. Yet visual art is present and accessible in everyday spaces — museums, galleries, hospitals, and at home. Understanding its effects can unlock new avenues for promoting well-being through everyday encounters with art.” “Since 2019 the WHO has recommended that creative approaches are used alongside routine clinical care. Art can satisfy people’s need to search for meaning in life, build self-esteem, and develop positive identities which are important factors for coping with the chaos of life. Departments of health and arts councils across Europe are looking for high quality evidence to identify which types of arts can be used for each type of medical outcome. This review will help to plan larger scale studies in the future.” 53．What’s the main function of paragraph 2? A．To provide references for the research. B．To introduce the guidelines of the research. C．To stress the professionalism of the new research. D．To highlight the consistency of the previous research. 54．What does the underlined word “reframing” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Designing. B．Redefining. C．Recognizing. D．Selecting. 55．How does Claire Howlin consider the impact of viewing art? A．It calls for more attention. B．It is a privilege of the rich. C．Its effects on well-being are difficult to measure. D．It can’t be integrated into public health strategies. 56．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Art Facilitates Personal Growth B．Art Viewing Improves Well-being C．Famous Artworks Boost Mood Most D．Art Creating Benefits Mental Health 【答案】53．C 54．B 55．A 56．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一项新研究发现观赏视觉艺术可提升幸福感，同时阐述该研究的意义、相关观点及应用价值。 53．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Previous research has suggested that viewing art might influence mood or stress, but the research was limited and inconsistent. This study examined decades of scattered research, providing for the first time a clear and comprehensive overview of when, where and why art viewing is used to promote well-being. The review of 38 previously published studies covering a total of 6,805 participants was conducted by team of psychologists from University of Vienna, Trinity College Dublin, and Humboldt University of Berlin. It has been published this week in The Journal of Positive Psychology. (此前的研究表明，观赏艺术可能会影响情绪或压力，但这些研究存在局限性且结果不一致。这项研究梳理了数十年零散的研究成果，首次清晰全面地概述了人们在何时、何地以及为何会通过观赏艺术来提升幸福感。这项综述研究由维也纳大学、都柏林圣三一学院和柏林洪堡大学的心理学家团队开展，分析了此前发表的38项研究，涉及总计6805名参与者。该研究已于本周发表在《积极心理学杂志》上。)”可知，第二段介绍了新研究的研究基础、参与团队和发表期刊，目的是强调这项新研究的专业性。故选C项。 54．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“People often think of art as a luxury, but our research suggests that viewing art, whether as a hobby or as a targeted health intervention, can meaningfully support well-being (人们通常将艺术视为奢侈品，但我们的研究表明，观赏艺术无论是作为一种爱好还是一种针对性的健康干预手段，都能切实有效地提升幸福感)”以及“By reframing art as a low-cost, accessible well-being resource, this research opens up exciting possibilities for integrating art into everyday environments and public health strategies. (通过将艺术reframing为一种低成本、易获取的幸福感资源，这项研究为将艺术融入日常环境和公共卫生策略开辟了令人振奋的新可能。)”可知，此处是将艺术的定位从“奢侈品”转变为“低成本的幸福感资源”，“reframing”的含义是重新定义，与“redefining”意思相近。故选B项。 55．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Claire Howlin, Assistant Professor, School of Psychology, Trinity, added, “While the mental health benefits of creating art have been widely explored, the impact of viewing art has been under-researched and undervalued. Yet visual art is present and accessible in everyday spaces — museums, galleries, hospitals, and at home. Understanding its effects can unlock new avenues for promoting well-being through everyday encounters with art.” (都柏林圣三一学院心理学系助理教授克莱尔·豪林补充道：“尽管创作艺术对心理健康的益处已得到广泛研究，但观赏艺术所产生的影响却研究不足且被低估。然而视觉艺术在日常空间中随处可见且易于接触——博物馆、美术馆、医院以及家中都有。了解其影响有助于开辟新的途径，让人们在日常与艺术的接触中提升幸福感。”)”可知，克莱尔·豪林认为观赏艺术的影响应该得到更多的关注。故选A项。 56．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中的“The simple act of looking at a piece of visual art can boost your well-being, a new research study has found, and this benefit can be gained in a hospital setting as well as an art gallery. (一项新的研究发现，仅仅是观赏一件视觉艺术品这一简单行为，就能提升你的幸福感，而且这种益处无论是在医院环境还是美术馆里都能获得)”，以及后文对该研究的详细介绍、专家观点和应用价值的阐述可知，全文的核心主题是观赏艺术能够提升幸福感，因此“Art Viewing Improves Well-being (观赏艺术提升幸福感)”是最贴切的标题。故选B项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （2026·辽宁·一模）Urbanization in Canada is rapidly consuming wildlife habitats. This development not only destroys habitats but also fragments (分裂) them, creating isolated patches that disturb migration and threaten animal populations. Wildlife scientists are studying how animals adapt to these changes, with some species showing remarkable adaptation while others struggle. The key impacts of urbanization on wildlife, according to John Wilmshurst from the Canadian Wildlife Federation (CWF), include habitat loss, fragmentation, movement barriers like roads and fences, and increased human-wildlife conflicts. Despite these challenges, urban areas offer abundant food sources for wildlife. Studies on wildlife urbanization raise questions about whether animal behaviors are changing due to habitat loss and the impact of climate change on their environments. Wilmshurst points out that it’s difficult to track species negatively influenced by urbanization, as they often disappear. However, GPS tracking has helped researchers observe how sensitive animals are to urban infrastructure (基础设施). Some animals, like wolves, avoid people and built-up areas, changing their behaviors to keep clear of urban environments. Others, like bobcats, adapt well to urban life, with some species even passing on these behaviors to their young. Birds have been known to change their song pitches (音高) to adapt to urban soundscapes. Understanding impact of habitat fragmentation is complex, but Wilmshurst suggests that well-placed landscape management can reduce some negative impacts. This includes changing fences and creating wildlife passages on roads to support animal conservation. People are also adapting to the presence of wildlife in cities, planting pollinator gardens and diversifying their yards with native plants. Changes in bylaws and building codes, such as keeping cats indoors and reducing bird strikes with glass windows, reflect a growing effort to maintain a connection with nature in urban environments. The CWF believes that maintaining this connection is crucial for our increasingly urban population. Public policies that help people safely coexist with wildlife in their neighborhoods can improve urban life and support conservation efforts, showing that both humans and wildlife can adapt to the challenges of urbanization. 57．Why is it challenging to study species affected by urbanization according to Wilmshurst? A．They often migrate to remote areas. B．They tend to disappear from the area. C．They change their behaviors too quickly. D．They become overly aggressive and dangerous. 58．What is the purpose of mentioning birds changing their song pitches in paragraph 4? A．To show animals’ behavioral adaptation. B．To criticize the severe noise pollution. C．To argue that birds suffer the most. D．To explain why birds leave cities. 59．How can people maintain the connection with nature? A．By wisely balancing plants and animals. B．By further studying habitat fragmentation. C．By combining official and civilian efforts. D．By returning urban habitats to the wildlife. 60．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Disappearing Wild Animals in Canada B．How GPS Tracks Wildlife in Canadian Cities C．The Primary Threat of Urbanization to Wildlife D．Wildlife and Human Adaptation to Urbanization 【答案】57．B 58．A 59．C 60．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了加拿大城市化对野生动物的影响及人类和野生动物为适应城市化所做的努力。 57．细节理解题。根据第三段“Wilmshurst points out that it’s difficult to track species negatively influenced by urbanization, as they often disappear. (Wilmshurst指出，很难追踪受到城市化负面影响的物种，因为它们往往会消失)”可知，研究受城市化影响的物种具有挑战性是因为它们往往会从该地区消失。故选B项。 58．推理判断题。根据第四段“Others, like bobcats, adapt well to urban life, with some species even passing on these behaviors to their young. Birds have been known to change their song pitches (音高) to adapt to urban soundscapes.(其他的，如山猫，能很好地适应城市生活，有些物种甚至将这些行为传给它们的幼崽。众所周知，鸟类会改变它们的歌声音高以适应城市声景)”可知，提到鸟类改变歌声音高是为了展示动物的行为适应。故选A项。 59．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“People are also adapting to the presence of wildlife in cities, planting pollinator gardens and diversifying their yards with native plants. Changes in bylaws and building codes, such as keeping cats indoors and reducing bird strikes with glass windows, reflect a growing effort to maintain a connection with nature in urban environments.(人们也在适应城市中野生动物的存在，种植传粉花园，用本地植物丰富他们的院子。地方法规和建筑规范的改变，如把猫关在室内，减少玻璃窗对鸟类的撞击，反映了在城市环境中保持与自然联系的日益增长的努力)”以及最后一段“Public policies that help people safely coexist with wildlife in their neighborhoods can improve urban life and support conservation efforts, showing that both humans and wildlife can adapt to the challenges of urbanization.(帮助人们与社区中的野生动物安全共存的公共政策可以改善城市生活，支持保护工作，表明人类和野生动物都能适应城市化的挑战)”可知，人们可以通过官方和民众的努力来保持与自然的联系。故选C项。 60．主旨大意题。通读全文，第一段讲加拿大城市化影响野生动物，部分物种适应、部分挣扎；第四段具体说明不同野生动物的适应表现；第六、七段讲人类通过民间举措和官方政策适应与野生动物共存，共同应对城市化挑战，最后一段“Public policies that help people safely coexist with wildlife in their neighborhoods can improve urban life and support conservation efforts, showing that both humans and wildlife can adapt to the challenges of urbanization.(帮助人们与社区中的野生动物安全共存的公共政策可以改善城市生活，支持保护工作，表明人类和野生动物都能适应城市化的挑战)”点明核心，所以“野生动物和人类对城市化的适应”适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 Passage 2 （2026·辽宁·一模）Polymetallic nodules (多金属结核) on the deep-ocean seafloor contain minerals like cobalt and nickel, which mining companies hope to harvest for green-energy batteries and technologies. However, a recent study suggests these prized, potato-sized rocks may also serve as a source of oxygen for the bacteria and other microorganisms living there. Jeffrey Marlow, one of the authors of the study, said researchers planted some watertight (不透水的) structures on the ocean floor, which he described as overturned boxes equipped with instruments designed to measure the properties and composition of living things and their probable usage of oxygen. Researchers measured the oxygen loss over a 48-hour period while the structure was sealed on the seafloor. Typically, a decline in oxygen is an indicator for biological abundance because breathing organisms consume it. Yet, contrary to all expectations, they observed a rise in oxygen levels, a finding that directly challenged conventional understanding. But not everyone is on the same wavelength as him. Canada’s The Metals Co. stated the study had been rejected by four scientific publications until finding a home at Nature, which the company labeled as “a journal that has long championed the preservation of deep-sea minerals”. TMC also said the method was wrong, arguing the team’s findings contradicted other work that had been conducted in the Pacific Ocean’s Clarion-Clipperton Zone. “The heightened oxygen levels are in fact incorrect in the data, and we are currently preparing a peer-reviewed paper as a fightback,” said the company. Bo Barker, a microbiologist at Denmark’s Aarhus University, said the study invited more questions than it did answers. He described it as “a novel but very confusing process for which the mechanism is still not clear”. For years, companies such as Canada’s TMC have been battling to persuade the international governing authority to green-light their plans to obtain these rocks in the Pacific Ocean’s CCZ. The company has argued that the metals are essential for fossil fuel-free technologies and that the impact mining will have on the ocean floor is not only minimal, but also fades next to the destruction of rain forests and human communities caused by land-based mining. 61．What was the most unexpected finding of Jeffrey Marlow’s study? A．Oxygen levels climbed in the box. B．Nodules contained cobalt and nickel. C．The underwater structures were sealed. D．Microorganisms consumed oxygen fast. 62．Why does The Metals Co. (TMC) mention that the study was rejected by four scientific publications? A．To praise the researchers’ resolution. B．To explain the long publication delay. C．To suggest the study was initially unqualified. D．To emphasize the fierce competition among journals. 63．What role do the last two paragraphs play in the development of the passage? A．Providing multidimensional context for the ongoing debate. B．Listing the potential benefits of harvesting polymetallic nodules. C．Offering a detailed, step-by-step explanation of the new study’s approach. D．Summarizing the key findings and presenting a final conclusion on the matter. 64．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．A Deep Rock: a Data Error B．A Tiny Stone: a massive Wave C．A Rare Metal: a Global Solution D．A Deep-Sea Mine: a Rainforest Rescue 【答案】61．A 62．C 63．A 64．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕深海海底多金属结核展开，介绍了其成分、用途，一项相关研究及其意外发现，不同方面对该研究的态度，以及开采多金属结核存在的争议等。 61．细节理解题。根据第二段“Yet, contrary to all expectations, they observed a rise in oxygen levels, a finding that directly challenged conventional understanding. (然而，与所有预期相反，他们观察到氧气水平上升，这一发现直接挑战了传统认知)”可知，Jeffrey Marlow的研究中最意外的发现是盒子里氧气水平上升了。故选A项。 62．推理判断题。根据第三段“But not everyone is on the same wavelength as him. Canada’s The Metals Co. stated the study had been rejected by four scientific publications until finding a home at Nature, which the company labeled as “a journal that has long championed the preservation of deep-sea minerals”. TMC also said the method was wrong, arguing the team’s findings contradicted other work that had been conducted in the Pacific Ocean’s Clarion-Clipperton Zone. “The heightened oxygen levels are in fact incorrect in the data, and we are currently preparing a peer-reviewed paper as a fightback,” said the company. (但并非所有人都认同他的观点。加拿大“金属公司”表示，该研究曾被四家科学刊物拒绝发表，直到在《自然》杂志上获得发表机会，该公司称该杂志“长期以来一直致力于保护深海矿产资源”。TMC还表示该方法有误，称研究团队的发现与在太平洋克拉里昂-克莱普顿带区域进行的其他研究结果相矛盾。“数据中氧气含量的升高实际上是不正确的，我们目前正在准备一篇同行评审的论文作为反击。”该公司说道)”可推知，The Metals Co.提到该研究被四家科学出版物拒绝，是为了暗示该研究最初达不到发表标准。故选C项。 63．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Bo Barker, a microbiologist at Denmark’s Aarhus University, said the study invited more questions than it did answers. He described it as “a novel but very confusing process for which the mechanism is still not clear”.(丹麦奥胡斯大学的微生物学家Bo Barker说，这项研究提出的问题比给出的答案还多。他将其描述为“一个新颖但非常令人困惑的过程，其机制尚不清楚”)”以及最后一段“For years, companies such as Canada’s TMC have been battling to persuade the international governing authority to green-light their plans to obtain these rocks in the Pacific Ocean’s CCZ. The company has argued that the metals are essential for fossil fuel-free technologies and that the impact mining will have on the ocean floor is not only minimal, but also fades next to the destruction of rain forests and human communities caused by land-based mining.(多年来，像加拿大的TMC这样的公司一直在努力说服国际管理机构批准他们在太平洋克拉里昂 - 克利珀顿断裂带（CCZ）获取这些岩石的计划。该公司辩称，这些金属对于无化石燃料技术至关重要，而且采矿对海底的影响不仅微乎其微，而且与陆地采矿对雨林和人类社区造成的破坏相比，根本不值一提)”可知，倒数第二段通过专家的话指出研究存在的问题，最后一段讲述开采多金属结核公司为自己开采计划辩护，这两段为正在进行的争论提供了多维度的背景。故选A项。 64．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章开篇介绍了深海海底多金属结核含有钴和镍等矿物质，开采公司希望将其用于绿色能源电池和技术，接着讲述了一项研究意外发现这些结核可能是海底细菌等微生物的氧气来源，然后提到不同方面对该研究的态度，最后指出开采多金属结核存在争议。整体围绕多金属结核这一小小的物体引发了诸多关注和讨论，就像引发了一场巨大的浪潮，B项“A Tiny Stone: a massive Wave(一块小石头：一场巨大的浪潮)”能够概括文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选B项。 Passage 3 （2026·吉林·一模）Tool use has long been observed in animals like primates, birds, and elephants. However, documented examples among sea creatures are far rarer. A surprising discovery has now revealed that an endangered population of killer whales, known as the southern residents, regularly uses tools for social grooming (梳理), demonstrating a behavior never before seen in ocean animals. This finding was made by a research team conducting aerial observations of these whales in the Salish Sea between British Columbia and Washington. The southern resident killer whales are a critically endangered and culturally distinct population with fewer than 80 individuals remaining. Using drones (无人机), the team observed the whales breaking off pieces of bull kelp (巨藻) to create tools. They would then press the kelp against a partner and roll it between their bodies for extended periods of time. This activity appears to be a form of social grooming. The behavior was widespread, observed across all age groups, both sexes, and different social units within the population. The study further revealed that the whales were more likely to groom close relatives or partners of a similar age. Researchers also noted that individuals with more molting or dead skin seemed more likely to participate, suggesting the behavior may serve a cleaning function by helping to remove dead skin. What makes this discovery particularly remarkable is that this behavior hadn’t been discovered despite nearly five decades of intensive study of this specific whale population. The lead researcher highlighted that this underscores not only the power of new observation technologies like drones but also how much there is still to learn about these complex animals. While it is unclear if this grooming behavior is unique to this group or exists in other whale populations, the discovery significantly expands our understanding of tool use in the sea. It shows that tools can be used for social and cleaning purposes, not just for finding food. Ultimately, this finding adds a new layer to our appreciation of the southern residents’ unique society and culture, emphasizing the critical importance of ongoing conservation efforts for this endangered population. 65．What is the feature of killer whales? A．They have a small population. B．They rarely engage in social interactions. C．They are increasing in number. D．They are spread across the world’s oceans. 66．What can be concluded about the whales’ kelp-grooming behavior? A．It is learned from humans. B．It is found in every whale population. C．It has a practical function. D．It exists mainly among adult whales. 67．What will the research probably lead to? A．Less attention to whale study. B．More exploration of sea animals. C．Stopping the protection of bull kelp. D．Ignoring other whale groups. 68．Which is the best title for the text? A．Bull Kelp: Whales’ Favorite Food. B．Killer Whales: Unusual Tool Users. C．Drones: Best Tools for Sea Study. D．Endangered Whales: Eating Habits. 【答案】65．A 66．C 67．B 68．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍科研人员通过无人机发现濒危南方居留型虎鲸会用巨藻作为工具进行社交梳理，拓展了人类对海洋动物使用工具的认知。 65．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The southern resident killer whales are a critically endangered and culturally distinct population with fewer than 80 individuals remaining.(南方居留型虎鲸是极度濒危且具有独特文化的种群，现存数量不足80只。)”可知，这种虎鲸的特点是种群数量很少。故选A项。 66．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Researchers also noted that individuals with more molting or dead skin seemed more likely to participate, suggesting the behavior may serve a cleaning function by helping to remove dead skin.(研究人员还指出，蜕皮或死皮较多的个体似乎更倾向于参与这种行为，这表明该行为可能通过帮助去除死皮来起到清洁作用。)”可知，虎鲸用巨藻梳理的行为具有实际的功能。故选C项。 67．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The lead researcher highlighted that this underscores not only the power of new observation technologies like drones but also how much there is still to learn about these complex animals. (首席研究员强调，这不仅凸显了无人机等新型观测技术的强大作用，也表明我们对这些复杂动物仍有许多未知有待探索。)”可知，这项研究可能会促使人们对海洋动物进行更多的探索。故选B项。 68．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“A surprising discovery has now revealed that an endangered population of killer whales, known as the southern residents, regularly uses tools for social grooming (梳理), demonstrating a behavior never before seen in ocean animals. (一项令人惊讶的发现表明，被称为南方居留型虎鲸的濒危种群会经常使用工具进行社交梳理，展现出一种海洋动物中前所未见的行为。)”可知，文章主要介绍虎鲸不同寻常的使用工具的行为，由此可知，“虎鲸：不同寻常的工具使用者”可以概括文章主题，最适合作为标题。故选B项。 Passage 4 （2026·吉林·一模）When scientists constructed a puzzle-solving task and matched teams of people against teams of ants, the insects sometimes proved to be the smarter species. That’s not to look down on human intelligence — ants are smart, and their acts of coordinated (协作) activity are rare in nature. Still, it is fair to say that ants have something important to teach us. In an experiment using ant-sized and tennis-court-sized mazes (迷宫) both ants and humans had to transport a large T-shaped object through narrow openings, similar to moving a large couch through a narrow hallway. Videos showed that teams of ants completed the task with remarkable efficiency, while human teams often appeared less coordinated. Individual humans still always beat individual ants, but their performance vastly improved when they teamed up. Humans’ performance did not. Yet humans have accomplished incredible feats of cooperation — such as landing on the moon as groups. However, sometimes, we get trapped in groupthink. Ants don’t choose a leader. Most carry their part blindly with the group, but a few periodically break away to assess the situation. These informed individuals then gently guide the group in the right direction. This creates a form of “self-organization”, and intelligence emerges on the group level. When allowed to communicate in the experiment, human groups did not perform better than the average individual within the group. When communication was limited, like ants’ conditions, they did far worse. For humans, a researcher said, the drive for consensus often overrides (优于) individual knowledge. Even if most group members know the correct solution, the group might still choose a simpler, incorrect option to achieve agreement. This shows that the “wisdom of the crowd” only functions when individuals think independently. The study suggests that while humans have great individual and collective potential, we can still learn from species like ants about effective group coordination, perhaps even improving how we conduct meetings and collaborative projects. 69．What is the purpose of the experiment? A．To prove ants’ group wisdom surpasses humans. B．To explore effective coordination for human learning. C．To examine the role of groupthink in animal societies. D．To compare intelligence to highlight ants’ coordination. 70．Why did ant teams perform better than human teams in the experiment? A．Ants outperformed humans individually. B．Ants had clear leadership to cooperate. C．Ants relied on self-organization to succeed. D．Ants had a tendency to overlook coordination. 71．What is identified as a key problem in human group behavior? A．Lack of clear leadership. B．Inefficient group movement. C．A desire for agreement. D．Dependence on communication. 72．What can humans learn from ants in the passage? A．Ignoring agreement to pursue individual ideas. B．Avoiding group work to improve work efficiency. C．Allowing a few members to guide the group. D．Valuing individual thinking to aid group success. 【答案】69．B 70．C 71．C 72．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项“人与蚂蚁组队完成迷宫运物任务”的实验，对比人与蚂蚁的群体协作表现，揭示蚂蚁的自组织协作模式优势，并指出人类群体决策中存在的问题，以及可从蚂蚁身上借鉴的协作经验。 69．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The study suggests that while humans have great individual and collective potential, we can still learn from species like ants about effective group coordination, perhaps even improving how we conduct meetings and collaborative projects. (这项研究表明，尽管人类拥有强大的个体潜力与集体潜力，但我们依然可以从蚂蚁这类物种身上学习高效的群体协作方式，甚至还能借此改进我们组织会议、开展协作项目的方法)”可推知，实验的目的是探索人类可学习的有效协作方式。故选B项。 70．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Ants don’t choose a leader. Most carry their part blindly with the group, but a few periodically break away to assess the situation. These informed individuals then gently guide the group in the right direction. This creates a form of “self-organization”, and intelligence emerges on the group level. (蚂蚁不会推选领导者。大多数蚂蚁会跟随群体，盲目地完成自己的分内之事，但有少数蚂蚁会定期脱离队伍，去评估当前的局势。这些掌握了信息的个体随后会温和地引领整个群体朝着正确的方向行进。这就形成了一种“自组织”模式，群体层面的智慧也由此应运而生)”可知，蚂蚁团队在实验中表现更优的原因是它们依靠自组织模式取得成功。故选C项。 71．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“For humans, a researcher said, the drive for consensus often overrides (优于) individual knowledge. Even if most group members know the correct solution, the group might still choose a simpler, incorrect option to achieve agreement. (一位研究人员表示，对人类而言，达成共识的驱动力往往会压倒个体的知识储备。即便大多数群体成员知道正确的解决方案，群体仍可能为了达成一致而选择更简单的错误选项)”可知，人类群体行为的核心问题是对达成共识的过度渴望。故选C项。 72．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“This shows that the “wisdom of the crowd” only functions when individuals think independently. (这表明，“群体智慧”只有在个体独立思考时才能发挥作用)”可推知，人类能从蚂蚁身上学到的经验是重视个体独立思考，以此助力群体取得成功。故选D项。 Passage 5 （2026·吉林长春·一模）As the planet gets hotter and its reservoirs shrink and its glaciers melt, people have increasingly drilled into a largely ungoverned, invisible storage of fresh water: the vast, hidden pools found deep underground. Now, a new study that examines the world’s total supply of fresh water — accounting for its rivers and rain, ice and underground water together — warns that Earth’s most essential resource is quickly disappearing. More than anything, Earth is being slowly dehydrated by the unlimited mining of groundwater. Nearly 6 billion people, or three quarters of humanity, live in the 101countries that the study identified as facing a net decline in water supply — predicting enormous challenges for food production and a heightening risk of conflict and instability. The paper “provides a glimpse of what the future is going to be, ” said Hrishikesh Chandanpurkar, an earth systems scientist and the lead author of the study. “We are already dipping from a trust fund. We don’t actually know how much the account has.” Groundwater is everywhere across the globe, but its quality and depth vary, as does its potential to be complemented by rainfall. Major groundwater basins — the deep and often high-quality aquifers (蓄水层) — cover roughly one-third of the planet, including roughly half of Africa, Europe and South America. But many of those aquifers took millions of years to form and might take thousands of years to refill. Instead, a significant portion of the water taken from underground flows off the land through rivers and on to the oceans. The researchers were surprised to find that the loss of water on the continents has grown so dramatically that it has become one of the largest causes of global sea level rise. Water lost to evaporation (蒸发) and drought, plus runoff from pumped groundwater, now exceeds the melting of glaciers and the ice sheets of either Antarctica or Greenland as the largest contributor of water to the oceans. 73．What does the new study focus on? A．The quality of underground water. B．The food production in over 100 countries. C．The amount of available fresh water in the globe. D．The unbalanced distribution of rainfall worldwide. 74．What does the underlined word “dehydrated” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Dried. B．Cooled. C．Polluted. D．Explored. 75．What do Hrishikesh Chandanpurkar’s words imply? A．The future of global water supply will actually be promising. B．Groundwater is the most reliable trust fund for human beings. C．The study has completely solved the problem of water shortage. D．Humans are overusing groundwater without knowing its amount. 76．Why were the researchers surprised according to the last paragraph? A．Evaporation has decreased in recent years. B．Groundwater runoff has little effect on sea levels. C．Glacier melting is no longer a contributor of sea level rise. D．Continental water loss is a leading cause of rising sea levels. 【答案】73．C 74．A 75．D 76．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于全球淡水总供应量(包括河流、雨水、冰和地下水)的新研究，警告地球最重要的资源正在迅速消失，主要原因是无限制的地下水开采，并指出这已对食物生产、社会稳定和海平面上升等方面产生重大影响。 73．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Now, a new study that examines the world’s total supply of fresh water — accounting for its rivers and rain, ice and underground water together — warns that Earth’s most essential resource is quickly disappearing. (现在，一项考察全球淡水总供应量——包括河流、雨水、冰和地下水——的新研究警告说，地球最重要的资源正在迅速消失)”可知，这项新研究关注的是全球可用淡水总量。故选C项。 74．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“More than anything, Earth is being slowly dehydrated by the unlimited mining of groundwater. (最重要的是，地球正在因无限制的地下水开采而慢慢dehydrated)”可知，划线词“dehydrated”描述的是无节制开采地下水对地球造成的影响，结合语境(淡水消失、供应下降)和常识，这种影响应是使地球的含水总量减少，即变得“干燥、脱水”，因此其意为“使脱水，使干燥”，与A项“Dried”同义。故选A项。 75．推理判断题。根据第三段中Hrishikesh Chandanpurkar所说的话“We are already dipping from a trust fund. We don’t actually know how much the account has. (我们已经在动用一笔信托基金了。我们实际上并不知道账户里有多少钱)”可知，他将地下水比作一笔“信托基金”，人们已经在提取使用，却不知道它的确切储量。这暗示了人类在过度使用地下水，却对其总量未知，从而点明了问题的核心。故选D项。 76．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The researchers were surprised to find that the loss of water on the continents has grown so dramatically that it has become one of the largest causes of global sea level rise. (研究人员惊讶地发现，各大洲的水资源流失量增长如此惊人，已成为全球海平面上升的最大原因之一)”可知，研究人员惊讶的原因是大陆水资源流失已成为海平面上升的主要原因之一。故选D项。 Passage 6 （2026·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）There was nearly a world without horses. At the end of the last ice age, warming temperatures turned the grasslands where horses roamed into swamps (沼泽地) and forests. Humans hunted them heavily for meat. Wild horses did, in fact, go extinct in North America around 7,600-12,000 years ago. You could say that by stopping hunting and starting to domesticate (驯养) them, humans saved horses. Humans were forever changed by their horse partnership. Able to gallop at more than 64 kph and to convey heavy objects, horses altered the course of empires and determined victors and losers in battle. They also transformed the way people could hunt, communicate, trade and even dress. Trousers spread only after horses were domesticated, as an innovation for riding. The oldest surviving pairs, dating to 1300 BC, belonged to horsemen.       A number of new books have come out looking at the horse’s impact on human history. David Chaffetz, a scholar of Asian history, focuses his deeply researched, elegantly written Raiders, Rulers and Traders on the interplay, a defining aspect of Chinese, Indian and Persian civilizations, between horse-borne nomads (游牧民族) and settled people. He argues, “What we now call the Silk Road should more accurately be called the Horse Road, for it was the horse, and not silk, that drew buyers and sellers together to form the first large-scale international trading routes.” Superior horses and horsemanship continued to determine sweeping population movements. Mastery of mounts brought the Huns into Europe, the Arabs into Spain and the Turks into India and Anatolia. Horses also spread the vast Mongol armies under Genghis Khan across nearly the whole of the Eurasian land mass. A look at the “biotechnology” of the horse explains its usefulness. In terms of power, a horse packs more than ten times that of a human. People still use “horsepower” as a way to quantify power. It is only in the past 100 years, since the invention and spread of automobiles, that horses have become less essential to human civilization and people’s daily lives. However, as these books make clear, it would be unwise to set horses aside in people’s memories. They deserve enduring respect, for their presence changed the world. 77．What caused the extinction of wild horses in North America? A．Habitat loss and failure to adapt. B．Urban expansion and domestication. C．Overpopulation and natural enemies. D．Environmental changes and overhunting. 78．Which of the following will David agree with according to his book? A．Horses were mainly raised and used by settled people. B．Nomadic people benefited greatly from horse-related trade. C．Horses were more crucial than silk in trade along ancient routes. D．Horses were mainly used by settled people for long-distance trade. 79．What is the author’s attitude to the historical role of horses? A．Critical. B．Admiring. C．Dismissive. D．Neutral. 80．Which can serve as the best title of the text? A．Humans’ Impact on the Horse and Its Civilization Role B．The Horse: A Forgotten Animal in Human History C．The Horse: Shaping the Course of Human Civilization D．The Biological Advantages of Domesticated Horses 【答案】77．D 78．C 79．B 80．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述马曾濒临灭绝，被人类驯养后，深刻影响人类战争、贸易、文明进程，塑造人类文明，值得人类长久尊重与铭记。 77．细节理解题。根据第一段“At the end of the last ice age, warming temperatures turned the grasslands where horses roamed into swamps (沼泽地) and forests. Humans hunted them heavily for meat. Wild horses did, in fact, go extinct in North America around 7,600-12,000 years ago.(在上个冰河时代末期，气温升高将马匹栖息的草原变成了沼泽和森林。人类为了获取肉类大量捕杀它们。事实上，野生马匹大约在7600到12000年前在北美灭绝了。)”可知，北美野生马灭绝的原因是环境变化和过度捕猎。故选D项。 78．推理判断题。根据第三段“He argues, “What we now call the Silk Road should more accurately be called the Horse Road, for it was the horse, and not silk, that drew buyers and sellers together to form the first large-scale international trading routes.”(他主张：“我们现在所说的丝绸之路应该更准确地称为马道，因为是马匹而非丝绸将买卖双方聚集在一起，形成了最初的大型国际贸易通道。”)”可知，David认为在古代商路中，马匹比丝绸更重要。故选C项。 79．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, as these books make clear, it would be unwise to set horses aside in people’s memories. They deserve enduring respect, for their presence changed the world.(然而，正如这些书籍所明确的那样，将马匹从人们的记忆中搁置一旁是不明智的。它们值得长久的尊重，因为它们的存在改变了世界。)”可知，作者对马匹的历史作用持赞赏态度。故选B项。 80．主旨大意题。通读全文特别是最后一段“A look at the “biotechnology” of the horse explains its usefulness. In terms of power, a horse packs more than ten times that of a human. People still use “horsepower” as a way to quantify power. It is only in the past 100 years, since the invention and spread of automobiles, that horses have become less essential to human civilization and people’s daily lives. However, as these books make clear, it would be unwise to set horses aside in people’s memories. They deserve enduring respect, for their presence changed the world.(审视马的“生物技术”，便能明白其用途之广。论力量，马的体能是人类的十倍有余。如今人们仍在用“马力（horsepower）”来计量动力。直到近百年汽车发明并普及后，马对人类文明与日常生活的重要性才逐渐消退。但正如这些书籍所阐明的，将马从记忆中彻底搁置并非明智之举。它们改变了世界，值得我们永远铭记与敬重。)”可知，文章阐述了马匹从灭绝边缘被拯救后，如何深刻影响人类历史进程、改变帝国命运、推动贸易扩张，最终塑造人类文明，所以C项“The Horse: Shaping the Course of Human Civilization(马：塑造人类文明的历程)”符合文意。故选C项。 Passage 7 （2026·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）One of the best things that can happen to a zoo or aquarium (水族馆) is for one of their resident animals to go viral. Just look at the long lines to see Moo Deng, a hippo in Thailand who has become an Internet hit following her birth. Meanwhile, Pesto — a baby king penguin who was eating more fish than his parents by the time he was a few weeks old — is also an online celebrity. We have to admit that cute animals make money. Admission tickets are only the beginning. Many zoos and aquariums offer special “behind the scenes” or “zookeeper for a day” packages at much higher prices. The real product, though, is merchandise. Stuffed animals, T-shirts, fridge magnets, keychains, kids’ books and other branded products are a major way for zoos and aquariums to make money. But what happens when these cute animals become, well, less cute? The Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium has already been planning for the next phase of Pesto’s life and answering questions from the public about his changing appearance. It’s normal for king penguins to lose their feathers by the time they’re about a year old and become confident swimmers. As a result, guests have started asking why Pesto looks different — or why they can’t find him at all. An animal conservation group based in the UK has spoken out against zoos and aquariums making animals go viral. “The individual animal remains in an unnatural captive environment with little or no chance of being reintroduced into the wild.” Rather than visiting a zoo to see a “famous” wild animal, this group encourages anyone who is interested in these animals to learn about and support the conservation of their habitats in the wild. Using the conventionally adorable animals is a good way to get people in the door of zoos and aquariums, but the money generated by merchandise can also pay for the habitats of many other species. “Our focus isn’t on promoting individual animals but on sharing the incredible stories that highlight the important work we do as an aquarium,” says the representative for Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium. “Pesto’s story resonated deeply with people worldwide, but it’s just one example of the many heartwarming and influential tales we have to share.” 81．Which is the most profitable source of income for zoos and aquariums? A．Selling admission tickets. B．“Zookeeper for a day” program. C．Offering relevant sets and selling goods. D．Making animals gain rapid popularity online. 82．What can we infer from the Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium’s plan? A．It is worried about Pesto’s health problems. B．It will transform Pesto’s appearance. C．It expects Pesto to continue attracting attention. D．It will shift focus to other animals. 83．What can we know about the animal conservation group? A．It calls on the public to adopt “famous” animals. B．It supports the protection of animals’ habitats. C．It encourages the government to cancel zoos. D．It suggests building aquariums in natural environments. 84．What is the representative of Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium’s attitude to promoting famous animals? A．Negative. B．Indifferent. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. 【答案】81．C 82．C 83．B 84．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍动物园和水族馆中动物在网上走红能带来经济效益，包括门票、特色项目及商品销售等，但也存在动物长大后不那么可爱的问题，同时提及动物保护组织对此的反对观点以及墨尔本海洋生物水族馆的看法。 81．细节理解题。根据第二段“Admission tickets are only the beginning. Many zoos and aquariums offer special “behind the scenes” or “zookeeper for a day” packages at much higher prices. The real product, though, is merchandise. Stuffed animals, T-shirts, fridge magnets, keychains, kids’ books and other branded products are a major way for zoos and aquariums to make money. (门票只是开始。许多动物园和水族馆以更高的价格提供特殊的“幕后参观”或“一日饲养员”套餐。然而，真正的盈利产品是商品。毛绒玩具、T恤、冰箱贴、钥匙链、儿童书籍和其他品牌产品是动物园和水族馆赚钱的主要方式。)”可知，对于动物园和水族馆来说，最有利可图的收入来源是提供相关套餐并销售商品，故选C项。 82．推理判断题。根据第三段“The Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium has already been planning for the next phase of Pesto’s life and answering questions from the public about his changing appearance. As a result, guests have started asking why Pesto looks different — or why they can’ find him at all. (墨尔本海洋生物水族馆已经在为佩斯托生命的下一阶段做规划，并回答公众关于它外貌变化的问题。结果，游客们开始询问为什么佩斯托看起来不一样了——或者为什么他们根本找不到它了。)”可知，水族馆针对佩斯托外貌变化及游客疑问做规划，说明它期望佩斯托继续吸引关注，故选C项。 83．细节理解题。根据第四段“Rather than visiting a zoo to see a “famous” wild animal, this group encourages anyone who is interested in these animals to learn about and support the conservation of their habitats in the wild. (该组织不鼓励人们去动物园看“著名”野生动物，而是鼓励任何对这些动物感兴趣的人了解并支持保护它们在野外的栖息地。)”可知，这个动物保护组织支持保护动物的栖息地，故选B项。 84．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Our focus isn’t on promoting individual animals but on sharing the incredible stories that highlight the important work we do as an aquarium,” says the representative for Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium. “Pesto’s story resonated deeply with people worldwide, but it’s just one example of the many heartwarming and influential tales we have to share.” (墨尔本海洋生物水族馆的代表说：“我们的重点不是推广个别动物，而是分享那些精彩的故事，这些故事凸显了我们作为水族馆所做的重要工作。佩斯托的故事在全球引起了强烈共鸣，但这只是我们要分享的众多温馨且有影响力的故事之一”)”可知，水族馆代表认为推广著名动物能分享精彩故事，凸显水族馆工作，对推广著名动物持支持态度，故选C项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $6学科网 1.D 2.A 3.C 4. 5.B 6.A 7.B 8. 9.A 10.A 11.D 13.B 14.A 15.B 17.C 18.A 19.B 21.D 22.A 23.B 25.D 26.B 27.C 29.C 30.A 31.B 33.B 34.A 35.D 37.A 38.B 39.C 41.B 42.B 43.A 45.C 46.D 47.D 49.C 50.A 51.D 53.C 54.B 55.A 57.B 58.A 59.C 61.A 62.C 63.A 65.A 66.C 67.B 69.B 70.C 71.C 73.C 74.A 75.D 77.D 78.C 79.B 81.C 82.C 83.B www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题05阅读理解（说明文） 参考答案 D D 12.C 16.C 20.C 24.D 28.B 32.D 36.C 40.D 44.B 48.B 52.B 56.B 60.D 64.B 68.B 72.D 76.D 80.C 84.C 专题05 阅读理解（说明文） 主题 01 人与自我 Passage 1 （2026·吉林·一模）Some individuals possess an extraordinary ability known as hyperthymesia, or Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory, which allows them to recall nearly every day of their lives with remarkable speed, detail, and accuracy. A recent case study of a teenager, referred to as “TL”, provides invaluable new insights into this rare condition and its connection to imagining the future. Scientists describe this as an extreme form of autobiographical memory, the long-term store of personal experiences that includes feelings, places, and people. It is linked to autonoetic consciousness, the self-reflective awareness that enables us to mentally relive past events and project ourselves into future situations. For people with hyperthymesia, memories are often precisely categorized by date and rich in sensory detail. The case of TL, led by researcher Valentina La Corte, is remarkable not just for her recall but for her highly organized mental control over it. TL distinguishes between a factual store she calls “black memory” and the personal memories central to her identity. She mentally organizes these personal memories in an internal “white room”, where they are sorted into themed and dated files. To manage difficult emotions, she places hard experiences, like the death of a grandparent, into specific containers. She has also created separate mental rooms for emotions like anger, showcasing a unique combination of time order and emotion regulation (调节)。 Scientists tested TL using established tools like TEMPau and the TEEAM task, which measure the sense of mentally traveling through time. Across tasks, TL produced unusually vivid and detailed reports of both past and future events. This highlights a key scientific insight: The brain networks used for remembering the past significantly overlap (重叠) with those used for imagining the future. This ability for rich “mental time travel” is linked to better planning, goal-setting, and a stronger sense of self. However, this ability carries a human cost. Vivid recall of painful memories is a common challenge. TL’s case is significant because she has developed mental strategies to separate difficult experiences without losing them, which helps regulate their emotional impact. Her approach offers potential lessons for treatment and education, suggesting that people might be taught to structure their personal memories to gain clarity and lessen suffering. 1．What are people with hyperthymesia able to do? A．Erase painful feelings. B．Recognize a strange smell instantly. C．Create popular sci-fi works. D．Remember previous events in detail. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．TL’s memory management. B．TL’s grandparent’s death. C．How TL deals with anger. D．How TL decorates her rooms. 3．What does the text suggest about “mental time travel”? A．It is unrelated to self-awareness. B．It brings no challenges to people. C．It has both benefits and downsides. D．It only helps with past memory recall. 4．What is the main purpose of this text? A．To explain TL’s poor memory. B．To show how to control emotions. C．To compare past and future thinking. D．To introduce a rare memory condition. Passage 2 （2026·吉林白山·一模）Nigel Richards, a well-known Scrabble champion from New Zealand now living in Malaysia, made headlines on November 16 by winning the Spanish-language World Scrabble Championship in Granada, Spain. Remarkably, Richards can’t speak Spanish, yet his extraordinary talent for the game shone through. He only started playing Scrabble at 28 and had to memorize the entire Spanish Scrabble dictionary and adapt to a different scoring system where letter values differ from the English version. In Scrabble, players use seven letter tiles (牌) to create high-scoring words. Each letter has a specific point value, with unusual letters like Q, X, and Z worth more. Special board squares can double or triple (三倍) these scores. Despite these complexities, Richards’ victory was impressive. Richards’ Scrabble journey is marked by victories across multiple languages. He has won the English-language World Scrabble Championship five times and also triumphed (获胜) in French (in 2015 and 2018). His ability to excel in languages he doesn’t speak is due to his exceptional memory and mathematical skills, which allow him to form high-scoring words effortlessly. His strategy focuses on remembering word spellings and point values rather than understanding their meanings. Friend Liz Fagerlund explains that Richards visualizes word groups in his mind like a mental photo album, aiding his recall. To prepare for the Spanish championship, he learned hundreds of thousands of words a year in advance. This hard work paid off as he won 23 out of 24 games in Granada, defeating the previous Argentine champion, Benjamin Olaizola. Despite his numerous awards and public recognition, Nigel Richards remains a shy figure. He doesn’t like to talk about how he plays with reporters; he prefers to let his wins speak for themselves. His special way of playing Scrabble, using language memorization and smart strategies, makes him one of the best Scrabble players ever, no matter what language he’s playing in. 5．What does the author want to show in Paragraph 3? A．The usual letters in the game. B．The complexity of the game rules. C．The high-scoring words in Scrabble. D．The structure of the Scrabble board. 6．What can be inferred about Richards’ approach to learning words? A．He relies heavily on visual memory and point values. B．He writes the words needed for upcoming competitions. C．He focuses on understanding the meanings of the words. D．He prefers discussing his learning strategies with reporters. 7．Which can be used to describe Nigel Richards? A．Outgoing. B．Reserved. C．Proud. D．Innocent. 8．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To list champions in Scrabble competitions. B．To stress Scrabble’s history in competition. C．To explain how to speak multiple languages. D．To introduce Nigel Richards’ wins and strategy. Passage 3 （2026·黑龙江大庆·一模）If you’ve ever felt lonely, you’re not the only one. In a survey conducted late last year in the U.S., 20 percent of adults reported feeling lonely, and this feeling is not limited to the U.S. According to the World Health Organization, the world is experiencing a global health crisis — loneliness. Today, many live isolated (隔离的) lives. People used to belong to a variety of social clubs where they met face-to-face, whereas now, life seems to have shifted online, where people shop, hold work meetings, date, play games, etc. In fact, American adults spend significantly less time socializing face-to-face than they did 20 years ago. Adults in other countries are no better. The issue of loneliness in South Korea has attracted national attention as young people are spending more time at home by themselves. In Singapore, the trend is for people to believe that they need to be self-sufficient and manage their emotions by themselves. Psychologists agree this can be healthy; however, Mr. Jamil warns that too much self-reliance is dangerous if people don’t connect with others because they view it as being weak. Mental health experts say that even though there is digital connectedness, loneliness among young adults is high because their communication is usually shallow. Clinical psychologist Haikal Jamil says, “Online connections tend to focus on brief, surface-level exchanges such as likes, comments and short messages, rather than supportive conversations.” How can we fight this crisis? A U.S. study found that when people like what they do every day, whether work or a hobby, their chances of experiencing loneliness diminish. Additionally, exercising, taking a class or playing sports helps people feel active and productive, giving them the mental energy needed to interact with others, thus improving their mental health. The battle against loneliness isn’t easy, but the methods above can be a start. 9．How does the author illustrate the issue in paragraph 2? A．By making a comparison. B．By offering a definition. C．By giving examples. D．By listing numbers. 10．Why does online communication fail to replace face-to-face socialization? A．It lacks deep interaction. B．It refuses to follow the trend. C．It shows signs of weakness. D．It prevents long conversations. 11．What does the underlined word “diminish” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Disappear. B．Return. C．Expose. D．Decrease. 12．What is the text mainly about? A．Expressing and controlling emotions. B．Developing and displaying social skills. C．Acknowledging and handling loneliness. D．Analyzing and improving mental condition. Passage 4 （2026·辽宁·一模）For decades, cancer treatment has been dominated by chemotherapy (化疗) , a tool that attacks rapidly dividing cells — both cancerous and healthy ones. Patients undergoing chemotherapy often suffer severe side effects such as hair loss, and weakened immunity, making the treatment process as painful as the disease itself. However, the emergence of targeted drugs has started an era of precision medicine that treats cancer not with a “carpet bombing” but with a “precision strike.” Unlike chemotherapy, which harms healthy cells without discrimination, targeted drugs cause minimal damage to normal tissues. Most patients only experience mild side effects like diarrhea, allowing them to maintain a relatively normal quality of life during treatment. Many targeted drugs are also available in oral form, saving patients from frequent hospital visits for injections. Targeted drugs work like smart missiles equipped with advanced navigation systems. Each cancer cell carries unique molecular (分子的) features called “targets,” which are like the special locks on the cells. Researchers design targeted drugs to act as the matching keys, enabling them to attach specifically to these targets. A well-known drug, Trastuzumab, focuses on the HER2 protein overexpressed in some breast cancer cells, blocking their growth signals and enhancing the immune system’s ability to destroy cancer cells. Yet, targeted therapy still faces major difficulties: drug resistance and high costs. Cancer cells are highly adaptable. After months or years of treatment, they may mutate (突变) to escape the effects of targeted drugs. Some lung cancer patients treated with first-generation EGFR inhibitors (抑制剂) , for instance, develop the T790M mutation, making the drugs ineffective. Meanwhile, the long and costly development process of targeted drugs — from target discovery to clinical trials — leads to extremely high prices, putting them out of reach for many patients worldwide. The future of targeted drugs lies in constant innovation. Scientists are exploring combined therapies, such as pairing targeted drugs with immunotherapy, bringing new hope to countless cancer patients and moving humanity closer to defeating cancer. 13．What advantage do targeted drugs have over chemotherapy? A．They can completely cure cancer. B．They precisely attack cancer cells. C．They work faster than chemotherapy. D．They have no side effects on tissues. 14．Why does the author mention Trastuzumab in paragraph 3? A．To illustrate how targeted drugs work. B．To explain how cancer cells mutate and resist drugs. C．To compare targeted drugs with traditional chemotherapy. D．To show targeted drugs are only effective for breast cancer. 15．What can we infer about targeted therapy in paragraph 4? A．Targeted drugs will soon replace chemotherapy. B．High costs limit the use of targeted drugs globally. C．Drug resistance can be solved by T790M mutation. D．The T790M mutation makes cancer cells sensitive to drugs. 16．What is the author’s attitude towards the future of targeted drugs? A．Doubtful. B．Pessimistic. C．Optimistic. D．Unconcerned. Passage 5 （2026·辽宁鞍山·一模）Why might you be attracted to one face over another? It’s an age-old question thought to be too subjective to be worth serious scientific analysis until recently. But attractiveness is not, as you might at first think, linked with distinctiveness; It’s actually the opposite. Studies have repeatedly shown that when it comes to which faces we prefer, we are more impressed by averageness. Researchers created artificial faces on a computer by combining photos of several people’s faces to generate a composite, “average” image. In preference trials, these highly average faces were consistently rated most attractive. As well as averageness, there is another important influence on how physically attractive a person’s face is perceived to be. A simple research study shatters whatever romantic notions you may hold. Male and female volunteers looked at a series of smiling female faces and were asked to rate the attractiveness of each one. Some of the faces they saw just once, while others they saw six times. By the end of the study, the repeatedly viewed faces were picking up higher attractiveness ratings for no other reason than the added exposure. Did you think familiarity leads to contempt? You couldn’t be more wrong. This tendency is known to psychologists as the “mere exposure effect”. It applies to many different situations. Research has shown that people will evaluate photographs, sounds, shapes, names and even made-up words more positively if they have encountered them before. While these studies witness the importance of looks when it comes to romance, there is still hope for us all. If you are not blessed with the average features that most of us apparently deserve, then simply presenting yourself as often as possible to the object of your desire may overcome this. Harness the “mere exposure effect” to your advantage in the hope that your crush will develop a liking for the familiar. Perseverance can win out in the end. 17．Why do you prefer one face to another according to the passage? A．Attractiveness. B．Uniqueness. C．Averageness. D．Subjectivity. 18．Which word can replace the underlined word  “contempt” in Paragraph 4? A．Ignorance. B．Fondness. C．Trust. D．Dependence. 19．How can you let someone like you according to the passage? A．Good manners. B．Frequent visits. C．Nice appearance. D．Strong personality. 20．What is the best title of the passage? A．How we attract others? B．How subjective someone is attractive? C．Why we find someone more beautiful? D．Why we find average faces the most attractive? 主题 02 人与社会 Passage 1 （2026·内蒙古赤峰·一模）Most science fiction books paint grand visions of the future — monumental space battles, cruel and disordered worlds, or technological utopias (乌托邦). Douglas Adams took a different route. Instead of idealizing space travel, he turned it into a bureaucratic (官僚主义的) nightmare. Rather than having noble heroes, he gave us a confused Englishman in a bathrobe. Instead of deep philosophical insights, he gave us a joke about the number 42 being the answer to everything. The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy opens by describing Earth as an “insignificant little blue-green planet”. Adams prepares readers to separate themselves from their attachments to their own world. Adams urges readers to look at human existence objectively. In doing this, he is able to illustrate the insignificance of things like money, to which humans otherwise attach great meaning. What’s more, he suggests that humans are fundamentally unhappy and that the pursuit to ease this discontentment is a key part of life on Earth. Unfortunately, though, it’s clear that humans are incompetent at identifying the true source of their unhappiness, something that surely intensifies their lack of contentment. The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy is a book that refuses to be boxed into one genre. It’s science fiction, but it’s also satire. It’s full of deep ideas but never takes itself seriously. It’s absurd (荒谬的), yet surprisingly insightful. Adams uses deadly serious delivery to explain humanity’s struggle to find meaning in life. Still, he emphasizes the extent to which humans long to find happiness in life, framing the species as a group who constantly pursues knowledge about the nature of its own existence. Whether you’re a sci-fi fan or not, this book is a must-read. It makes you laugh out loud while weaving in wisdom, proving that life’s absurdity is part of its charm. As its cover advises: “DON’T PANIC” — just dive into this funny, smart, and endlessly memorable adventure. 21．How is Douglas Adams’ writing different from most sci-fi books? A．It describes grand space battles. B．It takes noble spirit as its theme. C．It includes deep philosophical ideas. D．It uses absurd humor for sci-fi elements. 22．Why does Douglas Adams describe Earth as “insignificant”? A．To help readers view human life objectively. B．To prove money is meaningless to humans. C．To show humans can’t escape unhappiness. D．To stress Earth is small in the universe. 23．What does paragraph 3 try to illustrate? A．The book’s oddity and absurdity. B．The book’s unique feature and theme. C．Douglas Adams’ philosophical insights. D．The popular characters in the book. 24．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To compare Adams’ works with others. B．To analyze the genre of a book. C．To explain features of science fiction. D．To recommend a science fiction. Passage 2 （2026·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）As global environmental conditions continue to decline, overconsumption, the act of consuming resources in an unsustainable way that outpaces the Earth’s ability to renew them, has emerged as a primary threat to planetary stability. If we keep consuming resources faster than they can regenerate themselves, we will eventually exhaust the ecosystems that sustain all life. Unfortunately, that’s exactly the reality we face. The Millennium Alliance for Humanity and Biosphere warns that global oil reserves could be exhausted by 2052 if overconsumption continues to intensify. “First and foremost, consumerism drives people to buy far more than they need,” explains Laura Fox, research scholar at Yale Law School. Meanwhile, the issue is largely a byproduct of technological advancement, which has increased production capacity, making goods cheaper and more accessible, while sophisticated advertising algorithms (算法) have affected consumers with endless promotions, enabling brands to target audiences with remarkable precision. This excessive demand for goods has left a horrible mark on our planet. Overconsumption fuels the constant extraction of resources like oil. The Niger Delta, one of the world’s largest and most biodiverse wetlands, was once a rich ecosystem with thriving farmlands and fisheries. However, nearly a century of oil drilling has released harmful chemicals into the atmosphere, causing acid rain, which damages roofs and building structures, destroys crops, and poisons local water supplies across the area. Worse still, more residents of the Delta suffer from health issues, with rising rates of cancer and other pollution-related illnesses. So, how can we fight overconsumption? At the individual level, small and consistent changes can make a meaningful difference. Opting for reusable containers over single-use plastics, switching to paperless billing, driving an electric vehicle, and adopting a plant-based diet are all practical ways to reduce our daily resource footprint. However, some environmental activists argue that the most impactful step individuals can take is simply to spend less money across the board. “If you want a rule of thumb for measuring your consumer impact, the best one is the amount of money you are spending,” said MacKinnon, a Canadian journalist. “If your expenses are increasing, you’re probably increasing your impact and vice versa.” 25．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A．By quoting an expert. B．By making a comparison. C．By providing statistics. D．By clarifying a concept. 26．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The impact of advertisements. B．The causes of overconsumption. C．The solutions to overconsumption. D．The role of consumerism in society. 27．What does the underlined phrase “a rule of thumb” in paragraph 5 mean? A．A detailed plan. B．A strict policy. C．A practical guideline. D．A traditional belief. 28．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To highlight the harm of excessive spending. B．To promote a green lifestyle. C．To stress the value of renewable resources. D．To criticize overproduction. Passage 3 （2026·吉林·一模）Chinese scientists have created multi-colored succulents (多肉植物) that glow in the dark by adding special “afterglow” particles (粒子) to their leaves. The particles absorb and slowly release light, letting the plants shine for up to two hours — an improvement over prior glowing plants, with potential for sustainable plant-based lighting. Earlier attempts to create glowing plants used two main methods. One approach used glowing genes from organisms like phytoplankton (浮游植物), while the other involved putting light-emitting particles into plants. However, the first method mostly produced only green light, and the second created weak brightness. The main challenge was finding particles that were small enough to pass through plant tissues, yet large enough to produce bright light. Previous experiments with very small particles only made dim light that faded quickly. The research team from South China Agricultural University, led by Shuting Liu, developed a new method using larger particles about the size of human red blood cells. These particles were big enough to produce strong, long-lasting light while still able to permeate the succulent plants they selected. The team chose succulents because these plants have naturally larger spaces between their cells, allowing the bigger particles to spread effectively — unlike other plants they tested. In their experiments, scientists put different colored glowing particles into the succulent leaves. After just a few minutes of exposure to sunlight or regular indoor light, the plants began to glow. Green particles worked best, providing light for up to two hours with brightness similar to a small night light. The team created the world’s first multi-colored glowing plants and even built a wall of 56 succulents that produced enough light to see objects and read in the dark. Liu expressed amazement at how well these human-made materials work with natural plant structures. This advancement opens possibilities for future environmentally sustainable lighting where plants could be “charged” by sunlight like batteries, serving both decorative and practical lighting purposes. 29．What was the key to solving the previous technical challenge? A．Inventing a new type of light-emitting particle. B．Focusing only on extending the glow duration. C．Matching larger particles with a suitable plant type. D．Making the plants absorb sunlight more efficiently. 30．Which phrase has the closest meaning to “permeate” in paragraph 3? A．Move through. B．Act on. C．Attend to. D．Pile up. 31．Why does the author mention the experiment with the “wall of succulents”? A．To stress the cost-effectiveness of the production. B．To demonstrate the potential value of this attempt. C．To explain the process of selecting the best plants. D．To show the decorative function of the glowing plants. 32．What is the potential future application of this research? A．Replacing all household electric lights. B．Using plant-based lighting as a priority. C．Creating plants that glow without any power. D．Developing solar-powered lighting from plants. Passage 4 （2026·吉林白山·一模）A new player in the artificial intelligence field, DeepSeek, has been making waves. Developed by the Chinese company DeepSeek, this AI assistant has recently drawn widespread attention on social media. In January, DeepSeek released its AI model, DeepSeek (R1), which competes with industry leaders like OpenAI’s ChatGPT o1. What sets DeepSeek apart is its ability to create high-performing AI models at a fraction (少量) of the cost. DeepSeek is designed with user-friendliness in mind and is capable of assisting with a variety of tasks, from answering questions to generating content, similar to ChatGPT or Google’s Gemini. Unlike many American Al giants that offer free versions but charge for advanced features, DeepSeek provides full access to its services for free. Founded in 2023 by hedge fund manager Liang Wenfeng and headquartered in Hangzhou, China, DeepSeek specializes in developing open-source large language models. This opensource nature allows developers to customize the platform to their specific needs. Despite being relatively unknown before January, DeepSeek’s launch has sparked (引发) optimism for AI innovation and challenged the dominance of US tech giants that rely heavily on investments in chips, data centres, and energy. DeepSeek operates as a conversational AI, understanding and responding to natural language inputs. Users can ask simple questions, seek project assistance, conduct research, draft emails, and solve reasoning problems using DeepThink. DeepSeek offers two main models: DeepSeek-V3 and DeepThink (R1). The former functions similarly to the standard ChatGPT model, providing quick responses, text generation, email rewriting, and document summarization. The latter serves as an alternative to OpenAI’s subscription-based ChatGPT o1 model, yet both are available for free. Accessible through web browsers and mobile apps on iOS and Android devices. DeepSeek quickly gained popularity. By late January 2025, it became the most downloaded free app on both Apple’s iOS App Store and Google’s Play Store in the US and numerous other countries globally. Utilizing (利用) advanced machine learning models, DeepSeek processes information and generates responses efficiently across various tasks. Notably, the DeepThink (R1) model stands out by revealing its exact “thought process” and the time taken to formulate an answer before delivering a detailed response. 33．What can be learned about DeepSeek from Paragraph2? A．It is second to none in AI field. B．It has a user-friendly design. C．It charges fees to access questions. D．It was launched on the market in spring. 34．What do we know from Paragraph 3? A．The founding of DeepSeek. B．The disadvantage of DeepSeek. C．The future plans of DeepSeek. D．The global expansion of DeepSeek. 35．What is the author’s attitude towards DeepSeek’s impact on the AI industry? A．Tolerant. B．Negative. C．Unclear. D．Optimistic. 36．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Open Source AI Models: The Future of Technology B．The Rise of AI Innovation: A New Era Unfolds C．DeepSeek: A New Player in the AI Field D．Challenging UK Tech Giants: DeepSeek’s Breakthrough Passage 5 （2026·吉林白山·一模）The ability to think about what others are thinking, known as “theory of mind”, is a crucial aspect of human interaction and cooperation. Scientists have long been intrigued if animals share this capability. Recent studies suggest that some animals, particularly great apes like chimpanzees and bonobos (倭黑猩猩), might possess this skill. A notable experiment conducted by researchers at Johns Hopkins University’s Ape Initiative provides convincing evidence. The study involved three male bonobos, who were taught to communicate using signs or symbols. These apes are known for their intelligence and cooperative problem-solving skills. In the experiment, scientist Luke Townrow sat across from a bonobo while another scientist hid a small snack under one of three inverted (使倒置) cups. The bonobo witnessed the hiding process but Mr Townrow was only able to see the cups half the time. When Mr Townrow couldn’t see where the snack was hidden, he would act confused and ask, “Hmm, where is the grape?” before waiting for 10 seconds. The results showed that when Mr Townrow lacked knowledge of the snack’s location, the bonobos pointed to the correct cup more quickly and frequently. This behaviour indicates that the bonobos were aware of Mr Townrow’s knowledge state and adapted their responses accordingly. While the study had limitations—such as the small number of bonobos and the possibility that their upbringing around humans influenced their behaviour—the findings are significant. They suggest that bonobos indeed have a theory of mind, allowing them to consider others’ thoughts and adjust their actions based on what they know others do not. This discovery enhances our understanding of animal cognition (认知) and social behaviour. It implies that the ability to think about others’ thoughts, once thought to be uniquely human, may be more widespread in the animal kingdom than previously believed. Further research with larger groups and wild bonobos could provide deeper insights into the extent and evolution of this cognitive ability in animals. 37．What does the underlined word "intrigued" in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Curious. B．Worried. C．Unconcerned. D．Amazed. 38．What does Paragraph 3 mainly focus on? A．The effect of the experiment. B．The process of the experiment. C．The purpose of the experiment. D．The principle of the experiment. 39．What is the result of the experiment? A．All animals have cognitive ability. B．Bonobos can be trained to communicate freely. C．Bonobos have a theory of mind similar to humans. D．Scientist Luke Townrow is skilled in confusing bonobos. 40．What may scientists view the experiment as? A．A morally questionable experiment. B．A definitive conclusion of the study. C．A time-consuming and cost-effective trial. D．A starting point for future investigations. Passage 6 （2026·吉林长春·一模）Labubu dolls, created by Chinese brand Pop Mart, are flying off shelves globally. Customers in Shanghai face week-long waits, while celebrities like Rihanna are also wild about them. This is one example of Chinese consumer brands whose popularity is hiking. For decades Chinese shoppers looked overseas for the latest trends in cosmetics, fashion and more. Now they are pouring to local luxury firms, high-end makeup brands and milk-tea shops. What’s more, many of these brands are gaining a devoted following abroad. Economic shifts drive this trend. Slower growth has made shoppers price-sensitive, favoring affordable yet quality local brands. Coffee chains Luckin and Cotti compete against Starbucks with lower prices. Even high-end segments (部分) see local dominance: Electric vehicles like NIO and Li Auto lead the “entry-luxury” market. Cultural pride plays a role as well. Brands like Chagee Tea and Laopu proudly highlight their Chinese roots, contrasting with foreign labels once seen as status symbols. Social media empowers consumers to reject overpriced imports, seeking “emotional value” instead. For instance, formulas (配方) of Mao Geping, which is named after its founder, a famous make-up artist, match those of foreign brands but cost half as much. Strategic expansion into smaller cities also boosts success. Brands like Mixue, a cold-drink chain boom in third-tier cities, where spending grows faster than in major cities. Pop Mart now operates over 30 stores in the U.S. , while Chagee plans 1,300 overseas outlet s by 2027. Decades of Western dominance in retail is fading. As Chinese brands combine affordability, innovation, and cultural identity, they’re reshaping global markets — and winning hearts at home and abroad. 41．What do we know about Chinese shoppers nowadays? A．They often go for price over quality. B．They come to favor homegrown brands. C．They prioritize to follow the latest trends. D．They can’t help having a preference for Labubu. 42．What does the author indicate by mentioning examples in paragraph 4? A．Social media is urging less spending. B．Cultural roots contributes to brand success. C．Foreign brands are suffering greatly in China. D．Domestic brands are regarded as status labels. 43．What is the author’s attitude towards the future of Chinese brands? A．Optimistic. B．Doubtful. C．Neutral. D．Unconcerned. 44．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Labubu’s Global Rise: A Pop Mart Success Story B．The New Wave: Chinese Brands Win at Home and Abroad C．Smart China’s Shoppers: Price, Preference, and Local Picks D．Western Brands’ Decline: Lose Ground in the Chinese Market Passage 7 （2026·辽宁·一模）No one likes the sound of someone else’s chewing or drinking. But for some people, it’s enough to cause uncontrollable feelings of anger or disgust. If this sounds like you, you possibly suffer from a disorder known as misophonia (恐音症). People with misophonia overreact to some everyday sounds, especially those made by others. Though the phenomenon has been well documented, what exactly causes it hasn’t been clear. Now a recent paper in The Journal of Neuroscience provides a persuasive explanation — misophonia isn’t related to hearing so much as to excessive mirror-neuron (镜像神经元) activity in the observer when he is watching or hearing someone else’s orofacial (口面部) actions. The study, led by Sukhinder Kumar at Newcastle University, shows that too much mirroring causes anger in some sufferers, and anxiety in others. The so-called “mirror neurons” were first discovered in monkeys. Groups of these neurons prove a boon to monkeys. The neural system is thought to aid learning from others, and also cooperation with each other, so that a group can hunt together effectively. For example, in people, there is evidence for mirror systems for movement and emotion. Misophonia has been thought of as a disorder of sound emotion processing. However, Kumar and his colleagues are doubtful about this theory. The team analyzed the fMRI brain scan data on 42 people with and without misophonia while they listened to trigger sounds, including breathing and chewing gum. People with misophonia showed stronger connectivity between the auditory cortex (大脑皮层) and the orofacial motor area. The fact that the misophonia group showed differences specifically involving facial motor regions indicates misophonia is caused by mirroring someone else’s facial movements — rather than abnormal sound processing. For some sufferers and their families, misophonia is a very serious problem. According to Pradeep, a neuroscientist with a PhD, the new study opens a novel window into treatment options for misophonia. “Instead of focusing on sound centers in the brain that many existing therapies do, effective therapies should consider motor areas of the brain as well,” said Pradeep. 45．What is the main focus of the new study? A．Defining a common phenomenon in life. B．Exploring the troubles of people with misophonia. C．Investigating why certain sounds drive people crazy. D．Analyzing the impact of certain sounds on people’s behavior. 46．What does the underlined word “boon” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Character. B．Evidence. C．Source. D．Blessing. 47．How do the researchers conduct their study? A．By having people copy chewing sounds. B．By asking people to describe their feelings. C．By letting people check their face in mirrors. D．By monitoring brains during exposure to sounds. 48．Which of the following can best summarize Pradeep’s view on the significance of the new study? A．It stresses sound avoidance for sufferers. B．It offers a new direction for better treatments. C．It confirms misophonia as a sound-emotion disorder. D．It shows a need for behavioral symptom management. Passage 8 （2026·辽宁沈阳·一模）The age of artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed our interactions, but threatens human dignity on a worldwide scale, according to a study led by Charles Darwin University (CDU). Study lead author Dr Maria Randazzo, an academic from CDU’s School of Law, found AI algorithm (算法) was reshaping Western legal and ethical landscapes at high speed but was destroying democratic values and deepening systemic biases. Dr Randazzo said current regulation failed to prioritize fundamental human rights and freedoms such as privacy, anti-discrimination, user autonomy, and intellectual property rights — mainly thanks to the lack of transparency (透明性) of many algorithmic models. Calling this hidden logic a “black box problem,” Dr Randazzo said decisions made by deep-learning or machine-learning processes were impossible for humans to track, making it difficult for users to determine if and why an AI model has disregarded their rights and dignity and seek justice where necessary. “This is a very significant issue that is only going to get worse without adequate regulation,” Dr Randazzo said. “AI is not intelligent in any human sense at all. It is a success in engineering, not in cognitive behavior. It has no clue what it’s doing or why — there’s no thought process as a human would understand it, just pattern recognition without memory, empathy, or wisdom.” Currently, the world’s three dominant digital powers, the United States, China, and the European Union, are taking markedly different approaches to AI, leaning on market-centric, state-centric, and human-centric models respectively. Dr Randazzo said the EU’s human-centric approach is the preferred path to protect human dignity but without a global commitment to this goal, even that approach falls short. “Globally, if we don’t anchor AI development to what makes us human — our capacity to choose, to feel, to reason with care, to empathy and compassion — we risk creating systems that devalue and flatten humanity into data points, rather than improve the human condition,” she said. “Humankind must not be treated as a means to an end.” 49．What is the primary cause of “black box problem”? A．Disregarding user autonomy. B．Treating humans as a means to an end. C．The untrackable nature of many algorithmic models. D．The systemic biases deeply rooted in democratic values. 50．What does Dr. Randazzo say about the nature of AI? A．It lacks the quality of human cognition. B．It’s a self-aware advanced intelligence. C．It possesses human-like understanding. D．It combines pattern recognition with empathy. 51．What does Dr. Randazzo think of EU’s approach? A．Perfect and practical. B．Fascinating but unrealistic. C．State-centric and powerful. D．Well-intentioned but insufficient. 52．According to the last paragraph, what is the main concern about the future of AI? A．It will escape human control. B．It may reduce the value of humanity. C．It discourages cooperation among digital powers. D．It can increase unemployment and social inequality. Passage 9 （2026·辽宁沈阳·一模）The simple act of looking at a piece of visual art can boost your well-being, a new research study has found, and this benefit can be gained in a hospital setting as well as an art gallery. Previous research has suggested that viewing art might influence mood or stress, but the research was limited and inconsistent. This study examined decades of scattered research, providing for the first time a clear and comprehensive overview of when, where and why art viewing is used to promote well-being. The review of 38 previously published studies covering a total of 6,805 participants was conducted by team of psychologists from University of Vienna, Trinity College Dublin, and Humboldt University of Berlin. It has been published this week in The Journal of Positive Psychology. “People often think of art as a luxury, but our research suggests that viewing art, whether as a hobby or as a targeted health intervention, can meaningfully support well-being,” said MacKenzie Trupp, lead author and researcher at the University of Vienna and Radboud UMC, Donders Institute. “By reframing art as a low-cost, accessible well-being resource, this research opens up exciting possibilities for integrating art into everyday environments and public health strategies.” Claire Howlin, Assistant Professor, School of Psychology, Trinity, added, “While the mental health benefits of creating art have been widely explored, the impact of viewing art has been under-researched and undervalued. Yet visual art is present and accessible in everyday spaces — museums, galleries, hospitals, and at home. Understanding its effects can unlock new avenues for promoting well-being through everyday encounters with art.” “Since 2019 the WHO has recommended that creative approaches are used alongside routine clinical care. Art can satisfy people’s need to search for meaning in life, build self-esteem, and develop positive identities which are important factors for coping with the chaos of life. Departments of health and arts councils across Europe are looking for high quality evidence to identify which types of arts can be used for each type of medical outcome. This review will help to plan larger scale studies in the future.” 53．What’s the main function of paragraph 2? A．To provide references for the research. B．To introduce the guidelines of the research. C．To stress the professionalism of the new research. D．To highlight the consistency of the previous research. 54．What does the underlined word “reframing” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Designing. B．Redefining. C．Recognizing. D．Selecting. 55．How does Claire Howlin consider the impact of viewing art? A．It calls for more attention. B．It is a privilege of the rich. C．Its effects on well-being are difficult to measure. D．It can’t be integrated into public health strategies. 56．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Art Facilitates Personal Growth B．Art Viewing Improves Well-being C．Famous Artworks Boost Mood Most D．Art Creating Benefits Mental Health 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （2026·辽宁·一模）Urbanization in Canada is rapidly consuming wildlife habitats. This development not only destroys habitats but also fragments (分裂) them, creating isolated patches that disturb migration and threaten animal populations. Wildlife scientists are studying how animals adapt to these changes, with some species showing remarkable adaptation while others struggle. The key impacts of urbanization on wildlife, according to John Wilmshurst from the Canadian Wildlife Federation (CWF), include habitat loss, fragmentation, movement barriers like roads and fences, and increased human-wildlife conflicts. Despite these challenges, urban areas offer abundant food sources for wildlife. Studies on wildlife urbanization raise questions about whether animal behaviors are changing due to habitat loss and the impact of climate change on their environments. Wilmshurst points out that it’s difficult to track species negatively influenced by urbanization, as they often disappear. However, GPS tracking has helped researchers observe how sensitive animals are to urban infrastructure (基础设施). Some animals, like wolves, avoid people and built-up areas, changing their behaviors to keep clear of urban environments. Others, like bobcats, adapt well to urban life, with some species even passing on these behaviors to their young. Birds have been known to change their song pitches (音高) to adapt to urban soundscapes. Understanding impact of habitat fragmentation is complex, but Wilmshurst suggests that well-placed landscape management can reduce some negative impacts. This includes changing fences and creating wildlife passages on roads to support animal conservation. People are also adapting to the presence of wildlife in cities, planting pollinator gardens and diversifying their yards with native plants. Changes in bylaws and building codes, such as keeping cats indoors and reducing bird strikes with glass windows, reflect a growing effort to maintain a connection with nature in urban environments. The CWF believes that maintaining this connection is crucial for our increasingly urban population. Public policies that help people safely coexist with wildlife in their neighborhoods can improve urban life and support conservation efforts, showing that both humans and wildlife can adapt to the challenges of urbanization. 57．Why is it challenging to study species affected by urbanization according to Wilmshurst? A．They often migrate to remote areas. B．They tend to disappear from the area. C．They change their behaviors too quickly. D．They become overly aggressive and dangerous. 58．What is the purpose of mentioning birds changing their song pitches in paragraph 4? A．To show animals’ behavioral adaptation. B．To criticize the severe noise pollution. C．To argue that birds suffer the most. D．To explain why birds leave cities. 59．How can people maintain the connection with nature? A．By wisely balancing plants and animals. B．By further studying habitat fragmentation. C．By combining official and civilian efforts. D．By returning urban habitats to the wildlife. 60．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Disappearing Wild Animals in Canada B．How GPS Tracks Wildlife in Canadian Cities C．The Primary Threat of Urbanization to Wildlife D．Wildlife and Human Adaptation to Urbanization Passage 2 （2026·辽宁·一模）Polymetallic nodules (多金属结核) on the deep-ocean seafloor contain minerals like cobalt and nickel, which mining companies hope to harvest for green-energy batteries and technologies. However, a recent study suggests these prized, potato-sized rocks may also serve as a source of oxygen for the bacteria and other microorganisms living there. Jeffrey Marlow, one of the authors of the study, said researchers planted some watertight (不透水的) structures on the ocean floor, which he described as overturned boxes equipped with instruments designed to measure the properties and composition of living things and their probable usage of oxygen. Researchers measured the oxygen loss over a 48-hour period while the structure was sealed on the seafloor. Typically, a decline in oxygen is an indicator for biological abundance because breathing organisms consume it. Yet, contrary to all expectations, they observed a rise in oxygen levels, a finding that directly challenged conventional understanding. But not everyone is on the same wavelength as him. Canada’s The Metals Co. stated the study had been rejected by four scientific publications until finding a home at Nature, which the company labeled as “a journal that has long championed the preservation of deep-sea minerals”. TMC also said the method was wrong, arguing the team’s findings contradicted other work that had been conducted in the Pacific Ocean’s Clarion-Clipperton Zone. “The heightened oxygen levels are in fact incorrect in the data, and we are currently preparing a peer-reviewed paper as a fightback,” said the company. Bo Barker, a microbiologist at Denmark’s Aarhus University, said the study invited more questions than it did answers. He described it as “a novel but very confusing process for which the mechanism is still not clear”. For years, companies such as Canada’s TMC have been battling to persuade the international governing authority to green-light their plans to obtain these rocks in the Pacific Ocean’s CCZ. The company has argued that the metals are essential for fossil fuel-free technologies and that the impact mining will have on the ocean floor is not only minimal, but also fades next to the destruction of rain forests and human communities caused by land-based mining. 61．What was the most unexpected finding of Jeffrey Marlow’s study? A．Oxygen levels climbed in the box. B．Nodules contained cobalt and nickel. C．The underwater structures were sealed. D．Microorganisms consumed oxygen fast. 62．Why does The Metals Co. (TMC) mention that the study was rejected by four scientific publications? A．To praise the researchers’ resolution. B．To explain the long publication delay. C．To suggest the study was initially unqualified. D．To emphasize the fierce competition among journals. 63．What role do the last two paragraphs play in the development of the passage? A．Providing multidimensional context for the ongoing debate. B．Listing the potential benefits of harvesting polymetallic nodules. C．Offering a detailed, step-by-step explanation of the new study’s approach. D．Summarizing the key findings and presenting a final conclusion on the matter. 64．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．A Deep Rock: a Data Error B．A Tiny Stone: a massive Wave C．A Rare Metal: a Global Solution D．A Deep-Sea Mine: a Rainforest Rescue Passage 3 （2026·吉林·一模）Tool use has long been observed in animals like primates, birds, and elephants. However, documented examples among sea creatures are far rarer. A surprising discovery has now revealed that an endangered population of killer whales, known as the southern residents, regularly uses tools for social grooming (梳理), demonstrating a behavior never before seen in ocean animals. This finding was made by a research team conducting aerial observations of these whales in the Salish Sea between British Columbia and Washington. The southern resident killer whales are a critically endangered and culturally distinct population with fewer than 80 individuals remaining. Using drones (无人机), the team observed the whales breaking off pieces of bull kelp (巨藻) to create tools. They would then press the kelp against a partner and roll it between their bodies for extended periods of time. This activity appears to be a form of social grooming. The behavior was widespread, observed across all age groups, both sexes, and different social units within the population. The study further revealed that the whales were more likely to groom close relatives or partners of a similar age. Researchers also noted that individuals with more molting or dead skin seemed more likely to participate, suggesting the behavior may serve a cleaning function by helping to remove dead skin. What makes this discovery particularly remarkable is that this behavior hadn’t been discovered despite nearly five decades of intensive study of this specific whale population. The lead researcher highlighted that this underscores not only the power of new observation technologies like drones but also how much there is still to learn about these complex animals. While it is unclear if this grooming behavior is unique to this group or exists in other whale populations, the discovery significantly expands our understanding of tool use in the sea. It shows that tools can be used for social and cleaning purposes, not just for finding food. Ultimately, this finding adds a new layer to our appreciation of the southern residents’ unique society and culture, emphasizing the critical importance of ongoing conservation efforts for this endangered population. 65．What is the feature of killer whales? A．They have a small population. B．They rarely engage in social interactions. C．They are increasing in number. D．They are spread across the world’s oceans. 66．What can be concluded about the whales’ kelp-grooming behavior? A．It is learned from humans. B．It is found in every whale population. C．It has a practical function. D．It exists mainly among adult whales. 67．What will the research probably lead to? A．Less attention to whale study. B．More exploration of sea animals. C．Stopping the protection of bull kelp. D．Ignoring other whale groups. 68．Which is the best title for the text? A．Bull Kelp: Whales’ Favorite Food. B．Killer Whales: Unusual Tool Users. C．Drones: Best Tools for Sea Study. D．Endangered Whales: Eating Habits. Passage 4 （2026·吉林·一模）When scientists constructed a puzzle-solving task and matched teams of people against teams of ants, the insects sometimes proved to be the smarter species. That’s not to look down on human intelligence — ants are smart, and their acts of coordinated (协作) activity are rare in nature. Still, it is fair to say that ants have something important to teach us. In an experiment using ant-sized and tennis-court-sized mazes (迷宫) both ants and humans had to transport a large T-shaped object through narrow openings, similar to moving a large couch through a narrow hallway. Videos showed that teams of ants completed the task with remarkable efficiency, while human teams often appeared less coordinated. Individual humans still always beat individual ants, but their performance vastly improved when they teamed up. Humans’ performance did not. Yet humans have accomplished incredible feats of cooperation — such as landing on the moon as groups. However, sometimes, we get trapped in groupthink. Ants don’t choose a leader. Most carry their part blindly with the group, but a few periodically break away to assess the situation. These informed individuals then gently guide the group in the right direction. This creates a form of “self-organization”, and intelligence emerges on the group level. When allowed to communicate in the experiment, human groups did not perform better than the average individual within the group. When communication was limited, like ants’ conditions, they did far worse. For humans, a researcher said, the drive for consensus often overrides (优于) individual knowledge. Even if most group members know the correct solution, the group might still choose a simpler, incorrect option to achieve agreement. This shows that the “wisdom of the crowd” only functions when individuals think independently. The study suggests that while humans have great individual and collective potential, we can still learn from species like ants about effective group coordination, perhaps even improving how we conduct meetings and collaborative projects. 69．What is the purpose of the experiment? A．To prove ants’ group wisdom surpasses humans. B．To explore effective coordination for human learning. C．To examine the role of groupthink in animal societies. D．To compare intelligence to highlight ants’ coordination. 70．Why did ant teams perform better than human teams in the experiment? A．Ants outperformed humans individually. B．Ants had clear leadership to cooperate. C．Ants relied on self-organization to succeed. D．Ants had a tendency to overlook coordination. 71．What is identified as a key problem in human group behavior? A．Lack of clear leadership. B．Inefficient group movement. C．A desire for agreement. D．Dependence on communication. 72．What can humans learn from ants in the passage? A．Ignoring agreement to pursue individual ideas. B．Avoiding group work to improve work efficiency. C．Allowing a few members to guide the group. D．Valuing individual thinking to aid group success. Passage 5 （2026·吉林长春·一模）As the planet gets hotter and its reservoirs shrink and its glaciers melt, people have increasingly drilled into a largely ungoverned, invisible storage of fresh water: the vast, hidden pools found deep underground. Now, a new study that examines the world’s total supply of fresh water — accounting for its rivers and rain, ice and underground water together — warns that Earth’s most essential resource is quickly disappearing. More than anything, Earth is being slowly dehydrated by the unlimited mining of groundwater. Nearly 6 billion people, or three quarters of humanity, live in the 101countries that the study identified as facing a net decline in water supply — predicting enormous challenges for food production and a heightening risk of conflict and instability. The paper “provides a glimpse of what the future is going to be, ” said Hrishikesh Chandanpurkar, an earth systems scientist and the lead author of the study. “We are already dipping from a trust fund. We don’t actually know how much the account has.” Groundwater is everywhere across the globe, but its quality and depth vary, as does its potential to be complemented by rainfall. Major groundwater basins — the deep and often high-quality aquifers (蓄水层) — cover roughly one-third of the planet, including roughly half of Africa, Europe and South America. But many of those aquifers took millions of years to form and might take thousands of years to refill. Instead, a significant portion of the water taken from underground flows off the land through rivers and on to the oceans. The researchers were surprised to find that the loss of water on the continents has grown so dramatically that it has become one of the largest causes of global sea level rise. Water lost to evaporation (蒸发) and drought, plus runoff from pumped groundwater, now exceeds the melting of glaciers and the ice sheets of either Antarctica or Greenland as the largest contributor of water to the oceans. 73．What does the new study focus on? A．The quality of underground water. B．The food production in over 100 countries. C．The amount of available fresh water in the globe. D．The unbalanced distribution of rainfall worldwide. 74．What does the underlined word “dehydrated” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Dried. B．Cooled. C．Polluted. D．Explored. 75．What do Hrishikesh Chandanpurkar’s words imply? A．The future of global water supply will actually be promising. B．Groundwater is the most reliable trust fund for human beings. C．The study has completely solved the problem of water shortage. D．Humans are overusing groundwater without knowing its amount. 76．Why were the researchers surprised according to the last paragraph? A．Evaporation has decreased in recent years. B．Groundwater runoff has little effect on sea levels. C．Glacier melting is no longer a contributor of sea level rise. D．Continental water loss is a leading cause of rising sea levels. Passage 6 （2026·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）There was nearly a world without horses. At the end of the last ice age, warming temperatures turned the grasslands where horses roamed into swamps (沼泽地) and forests. Humans hunted them heavily for meat. Wild horses did, in fact, go extinct in North America around 7,600-12,000 years ago. You could say that by stopping hunting and starting to domesticate (驯养) them, humans saved horses. Humans were forever changed by their horse partnership. Able to gallop at more than 64 kph and to convey heavy objects, horses altered the course of empires and determined victors and losers in battle. They also transformed the way people could hunt, communicate, trade and even dress. Trousers spread only after horses were domesticated, as an innovation for riding. The oldest surviving pairs, dating to 1300 BC, belonged to horsemen.       A number of new books have come out looking at the horse’s impact on human history. David Chaffetz, a scholar of Asian history, focuses his deeply researched, elegantly written Raiders, Rulers and Traders on the interplay, a defining aspect of Chinese, Indian and Persian civilizations, between horse-borne nomads (游牧民族) and settled people. He argues, “What we now call the Silk Road should more accurately be called the Horse Road, for it was the horse, and not silk, that drew buyers and sellers together to form the first large-scale international trading routes.” Superior horses and horsemanship continued to determine sweeping population movements. Mastery of mounts brought the Huns into Europe, the Arabs into Spain and the Turks into India and Anatolia. Horses also spread the vast Mongol armies under Genghis Khan across nearly the whole of the Eurasian land mass. A look at the “biotechnology” of the horse explains its usefulness. In terms of power, a horse packs more than ten times that of a human. People still use “horsepower” as a way to quantify power. It is only in the past 100 years, since the invention and spread of automobiles, that horses have become less essential to human civilization and people’s daily lives. However, as these books make clear, it would be unwise to set horses aside in people’s memories. They deserve enduring respect, for their presence changed the world. 77．What caused the extinction of wild horses in North America? A．Habitat loss and failure to adapt. B．Urban expansion and domestication. C．Overpopulation and natural enemies. D．Environmental changes and overhunting. 78．Which of the following will David agree with according to his book? A．Horses were mainly raised and used by settled people. B．Nomadic people benefited greatly from horse-related trade. C．Horses were more crucial than silk in trade along ancient routes. D．Horses were mainly used by settled people for long-distance trade. 79．What is the author’s attitude to the historical role of horses? A．Critical. B．Admiring. C．Dismissive. D．Neutral. 80．Which can serve as the best title of the text? A．Humans’ Impact on the Horse and Its Civilization Role B．The Horse: A Forgotten Animal in Human History C．The Horse: Shaping the Course of Human Civilization D．The Biological Advantages of Domesticated Horses Passage 7 （2026·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）One of the best things that can happen to a zoo or aquarium (水族馆) is for one of their resident animals to go viral. Just look at the long lines to see Moo Deng, a hippo in Thailand who has become an Internet hit following her birth. Meanwhile, Pesto — a baby king penguin who was eating more fish than his parents by the time he was a few weeks old — is also an online celebrity. We have to admit that cute animals make money. Admission tickets are only the beginning. Many zoos and aquariums offer special “behind the scenes” or “zookeeper for a day” packages at much higher prices. The real product, though, is merchandise. Stuffed animals, T-shirts, fridge magnets, keychains, kids’ books and other branded products are a major way for zoos and aquariums to make money. But what happens when these cute animals become, well, less cute? The Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium has already been planning for the next phase of Pesto’s life and answering questions from the public about his changing appearance. It’s normal for king penguins to lose their feathers by the time they’re about a year old and become confident swimmers. As a result, guests have started asking why Pesto looks different — or why they can’t find him at all. An animal conservation group based in the UK has spoken out against zoos and aquariums making animals go viral. “The individual animal remains in an unnatural captive environment with little or no chance of being reintroduced into the wild.” Rather than visiting a zoo to see a “famous” wild animal, this group encourages anyone who is interested in these animals to learn about and support the conservation of their habitats in the wild. Using the conventionally adorable animals is a good way to get people in the door of zoos and aquariums, but the money generated by merchandise can also pay for the habitats of many other species. “Our focus isn’t on promoting individual animals but on sharing the incredible stories that highlight the important work we do as an aquarium,” says the representative for Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium. “Pesto’s story resonated deeply with people worldwide, but it’s just one example of the many heartwarming and influential tales we have to share.” 81．Which is the most profitable source of income for zoos and aquariums? A．Selling admission tickets. B．“Zookeeper for a day” program. C．Offering relevant sets and selling goods. D．Making animals gain rapid popularity online. 82．What can we infer from the Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium’s plan? A．It is worried about Pesto’s health problems. B．It will transform Pesto’s appearance. C．It expects Pesto to continue attracting attention. D．It will shift focus to other animals. 83．What can we know about the animal conservation group? A．It calls on the public to adopt “famous” animals. B．It supports the protection of animals’ habitats. C．It encourages the government to cancel zoos. D．It suggests building aquariums in natural environments. 84．What is the representative of Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium’s attitude to promoting famous animals? A．Negative. B．Indifferent. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $