内容正文:
Wildfires, why they start and how to stay safe, adapted from national geographic kids, every year, wildfires burn millions of acres of forest around the world. Some start naturally. Lightning strikes are a common cause. But surprisingly, about eighty five percent of wildfires are caused by humans. A forgotten campfire, a drop cigarette, or even a piece of glass focusing sunlight like a magnifying glass, can start a blaze that destroys everything in its path. Wildfires need three things to burn fuel, oxygen and heat. Fuel is anything that can burn trees, grass, even houses. Oxygen is in the air around us. Heat comes from something that starts the fire like lightning or a match. When these three come together, a wildfire can spread incredibly fast, especially in dry, windy conditions. If you live in an area where wildfires happen, it's important to be prepared, create a defensible space around your home by clearing away dry leaves and branches, make sure your house number is easy for firefighters to see, and most importantly, have an emergency plan, know at least two ways to leave your nearest od and decide where your family will meet if you get separated. If a wildfire is approaching, don't wait to be told to leave. Evacuate early to avoid being trapped by flames or smoke. Wear protective clothing, long pants, long sleeves and dirty shoes. Cover your nose and mouth with a mass score cloth to avoid breathing smoke. Remember, wildfires move fast, but with preparation and quick action, you can stay safe.
八年级下册时文阅读
Unit5时文阅读全能训练一 拓展阅读
建议作答时间:10分钟 姓名: 评价:
How to Survive an Earthquake—Drop, Cover, and Hold On
Adapted from Ready.gov (U.S. Department of Homeland Security)
When the ground begins to shake, every second counts. Knowing what to do during an earthquake can mean the difference between life and death. Emergency experts agree on one simple rule: Drop, Cover, and Hold On.
The first step is to drop down onto your hands and knees before the shaking knocks you over. This position prevents you from falling and allows you to stay low and crawl to safety if needed. Next, cover your head and neck under a sturdy table or desk. If there's no table nearby, crouch next to an interior wall and cover your head with your arms. Finally, hold on to your shelter until the shaking stops. If the table moves, move with it.
Many people make dangerous mistakes during earthquakes. Some run outside, not realizing that falling debris near building exits is a leading cause of injury. Others stand in doorways, thinking this is safe—but modern homes don't have the strong doorframes of the past.
After the shaking stops, be prepared for aftershocks—smaller earthquakes that follow the main one. Check yourself and others for injuries. If you're near the coast, move to higher ground immediately in case of a tsunami. And remember: stay away from damaged buildings, as they may collapse without warning.
As one survivor from the 2008 Sichuan earthquake recalled, "When everything started shaking, my first thought was to run. But my teacher shouted 'Drop, cover, hold on!' and I followed her instructions. That simple rule saved my life."
Core Vocabulary
1. emergency (n.) 紧急情况
2. sturdy (adj.) 坚固的;结实的
3. debris (n.) 碎片;残骸
4. aftershock (n.) 余震
5. collapse (v.) 倒塌;崩溃
Comprehension Questions
1. What is the correct order of actions during an earthquake according to the passage?
A. Cover, drop, hold on B. Drop, cover, hold on C. Hold on, drop, cover D. Run, hide, stay still
2. Why should you NOT run outside during an earthquake?
A. Because the ground is too shaky to run B. Because falling debris near exits can cause injury
C. Because it's faster to stay inside D. Because the door will be locked
3. What is wrong with standing in doorways during an earthquake?
A. Doors are always locked during earthquakes
B. Modern homes don't have the strong doorframes of the past
C. Doorways are too small to fit in D. Doors may fall on you
4. What should you do immediately after the shaking stops if you're near the coast?
A. Return to your home B. Call your family
C. Move to higher ground in case of a tsunami D. Take photos of the damage
5. What does the survivor's story in the last paragraph mainly show?
A. The 2008 Sichuan earthquake was very strong
B. Following safety rules can save lives
C. Teachers are always right
D. Running is the best choice
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$八年级下册时文阅读
Unit5时文阅读全能训练三 拓展阅读
建议作答时间:10分钟 姓名: 评价:
Wildfires—Why They Start and How to Stay Safe
Adapted from National Geographic Kids
Every year, wildfires burn millions of acres of forest around the world. Some start naturally—lightning strikes are a common cause. But surprisingly, about 85% of wildfires are caused by humans. A forgotten campfire, a dropped cigarette, or even a piece of glass focusing sunlight like a magnifying glass can start a blaze that destroys everything in its path.
Wildfires need three things to burn: fuel, oxygen, and heat. Fuel is anything that can burn—trees, grass, even houses. Oxygen is in the air around us. Heat comes from something that starts the fire, like lightning or a match. When these three come together, a wildfire can spread incredibly fast, especially in dry, windy conditions.
If you live in an area where wildfires happen, it's important to be prepared. Create a "defensible space" around your home by clearing away dry leaves and branches. Make sure your house number is easy for firefighters to see. And most importantly, have an emergency plan. Know at least two ways to leave your neighborhood, and decide where your family will meet if you get separated.
If a wildfire is approaching, don't wait to be told to leave. Evacuate early to avoid being trapped by flames or smoke. Wear protective clothing—long pants, long sleeves, and sturdy shoes. Cover your nose and mouth with a mask or cloth to avoid breathing smoke.
Remember: wildfires move fast, but with preparation and quick action, you can stay safe.
Comprehension Questions
1. What percentage of wildfires are caused by humans?
A. About 50% B. About 65% C. About 85% D. About 100%
2. What three things do wildfires need to burn?
A. Trees, wind, and rain B. Fuel, oxygen, and heat
C. Smoke, flames, and ash D. Sun, soil, and water
3. What does "defensible space" mean in the passage?
A. A space where you can hide during a fire
B. An area around your home cleared of dry leaves and branches
C. A room in your house made of fireproof materials
D. A space where firefighters can park their trucks
4. What should you do if a wildfire is approaching?
A. Wait until you see flames before leaving B. Stay and try to fight the fire yourself
C. Evacuate early to avoid being trapped D. Hide in the basement
5. What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?
A. To scare readers about wildfires
B. To explain how wildfires start and how to prepare for them
C. To argue that humans cause most wildfires
D. To describe the beauty of wildfires
Core Vocabulary
1. wildfire (n.) 野火;山火
2. lightning (n.) 闪电
3. blaze (n.) 火焰;烈火
4. fuel (n.) 燃料
5. evacuate (v.) 疏散;撤离
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$Wildfires, why they start and how to stay safe, adapted from national geographic kids, every year, wildfires burn millions of acres of forest around the world. Some start naturally. Lightning strikes are a common cause. But surprisingly, about eighty five percent of wildfires are caused by humans. A forgotten campfire, a drop cigarette, or even a piece of glass focusing sunlight like a magnifying glass, can start a blaze that destroys everything in its path. Wildfires need three things to burn fuel, oxygen and heat. Fuel is anything that can burn trees, grass, even houses. Oxygen is in the air around us. Heat comes from something that starts the fire like lightning or a match. When these three come together, a wildfire can spread incredibly fast, especially in dry, windy conditions. If you live in an area where wildfires happen, it's important to be prepared, create a defensible space around your home by clearing away dry leaves and branches, make sure your house number is easy for firefighters to see, and most importantly, have an emergency plan, know at least two ways to leave your nearest od and decide where your family will meet if you get separated. If a wildfire is approaching, don't wait to be told to leave. Evacuate early to avoid being trapped by flames or smoke. Wear protective clothing, long pants, long sleeves and dirty shoes. Cover your nose and mouth with a mass score cloth to avoid breathing smoke. Remember, wildfires move fast, but with preparation and quick action, you can stay safe.
八年级下册时文阅读
Unit5时文阅读全能训练二 拓展阅读
建议作答时间:10分钟 姓名: 评价:
The Day the Tsunami Struck—A Survivor's Story
Adapted from UNICEF
On December 26, 2004, ten-year-old Tilly Smith was enjoying a sunny beach holiday in Phuket, Thailand with her family. The water was calm, the sky was blue, and nothing seemed unusual. But Tilly noticed something strange—the sea was bubbling and frothing, and the water was pulling back from the shore, exposing sand that had never been seen before.
Two weeks earlier, Tilly had learned about tsunamis in her geography class. Her teacher had shown pictures and explained that when an earthquake happens under the ocean, it can create giant waves. One warning sign is when the sea suddenly pulls back, leaving fish flopping on the exposed sand.
Tilly ran to her mother. "There's going to be a tsunami!" she cried. Her parents didn't understand at first, but Tilly insisted. Finally, her father told a security guard, who raised the alarm. The beach was evacuated just minutes before a massive wave crashed ashore.
Thanks to Tilly's quick thinking, no one on that beach died that day. Her knowledge from a single geography lesson saved over 100 lives.
This story shows why disaster education matters. When Tilly saw something strange, she didn't just watch—she remembered what she learned and took action. Today, Tilly's story is taught in schools around the world to show children that even young people can make a difference in an emergency.
Comprehension Questions
1. What did Tilly notice that seemed strange about the sea?
A. The water was turning red
B. The sea was bubbling and frothing, and pulling back from the shore
C. Giant waves were already forming D. The water was getting very hot
2. How did Tilly know that a tsunami might be coming?
A. She saw it on the news B. Her parents told her
C. She learned about tsunamis in geography class two weeks earlier
D. A lifeguard warned everyone
3. What happened after Tilly's father told the security guard?
A. Everyone ignored the warning B. The beach was evacuated just before the wave hit
C. The tsunami never came D. People stayed to watch the waves
4. How many lives were saved because of Tilly's warning?
A. About 10 B. About 50 C. Over 100 D. Thousands
5. What is the main message of this story?
A. Children should not go to the beach
B. Tsunamis are the most dangerous natural disasters
C. Learning about disasters and acting on that knowledge can save lives
D. Thailand is a dangerous place for holidays
Core Vocabulary
1. bubble (v.) 起泡;冒泡
2. froth (v.) 起泡沫
3. evacuate (v.) 疏散;撤离
4. massive (adj.) 巨大的
5. disaster (n.) 灾难
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$八年级下册时文阅读
Unit5时文阅读全能训练四 拓展阅读
建议作答时间:10分钟 姓名: 评价:
Floods—When Water Becomes a Danger
Adapted from Ready.gov (U.S. Department of Homeland Security)
Floods are the most common natural disaster worldwide. They can happen anywhere—not just near rivers or coasts. Heavy rain, melting snow, or even a broken dam can turn streets into rivers in minutes. Some floods develop slowly over days, but others, called "flash floods," can rise in just a few minutes with little warning.
The power of moving water is easy to underestimate. Just six inches of fast-moving water can knock a person off their feet. Two feet of water can float a car—and once water is moving, it's nearly impossible to control. That's why experts give this simple warning: turn around, don't drown.
If you live in a flood-prone area, preparation is key. Know your area's flood risk. Keep important documents in a waterproof container. Prepare an emergency kit with water, food, medicine, and flashlights. And most importantly, know the difference between a flood watch and a flood warning. A watch means conditions are right for flooding. A warning means flooding is happening now—take action immediately.
During a flood, move to higher ground right away. Never walk, swim, or drive through floodwater. It may be deeper than it looks, and it may hide dangers like sharp objects, downed power lines, or even toxic chemicals. Remember: just six inches of water can reach the bottom of most cars, causing them to stall or lose control.
After the flood, wait for officials to say it's safe before returning home. Be careful of snakes or other animals that may have been washed into your area. And never use electrical equipment in wet areas—you could be electrocuted.
Floods can be terrifying, but with knowledge and preparation, you can protect yourself and your family.
Core Vocabulary
1. flood (n.) 洪水;水灾
2. flash flood (n.) 山洪;暴洪
3. underestimate (v.) 低估
4. waterproof (adj.) 防水的
5. electrocute (v.) 触电身亡
Comprehension Questions
1. What are "flash floods"?
A. Floods that happen only at night B. Floods that develop slowly over many days
C. Floods that can rise in minutes with little warning D. Floods that occur only near the ocean
2. How much moving water can knock a person off their feet?
A. Two inches B. Six inches C. One foot D. Two feet
3. What does a "flood warning" mean?
A. Flooding might happen soon B. Flooding is happening now—take action immediately
C. The flood has already ended D. Conditions are right for flooding
4. Why should you never drive through floodwater?
A. It might damage your car's paint
B. It may be deeper than it looks and hide dangers
C. It's illegal in most places D. Your car will float away immediately
5. What should you do after a flood according to the passage?
A. Return home immediately to check for damage
B. Wait for officials to say it's safe before returning
C. Start cleaning up right away
D. Turn on electrical equipment to check if it works
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$
第五单元拓展阅读答案解析
阅读一:
如何在地震中幸存——伏地、遮挡、抓牢
改编自Ready.gov(美国国土安全部)
当地面开始摇晃时,每一秒都很重要。知道在地震中该做什么可能意味着生与死的区别。应急专家一致认同一个简单的规则:伏地、遮挡、抓牢。
第一步是在摇晃把你摔倒之前,迅速双手双膝着地趴下。这个姿势可以防止你摔倒,并让你保持低姿态,必要时可以爬向安全的地方。接下来,在一张坚固的桌子或书桌下掩护好头部和颈部。如果附近没有桌子,就靠在内墙旁边蹲下,用双臂护住头部。最后,抓牢你的遮蔽物,直到摇晃停止。如果桌子移动,就跟着它移动。
许多人在地震中会犯危险的错误。有些人跑到室外,却没有意识到建筑物出口附近掉落的碎片是导致伤害的主要原因。还有人站在门口,认为这样安全——但现代住宅没有过去那种坚固的门框。
摇晃停止后,要准备好应对余震——主震之后发生的较小地震。检查自己和他人是否受伤。如果你在海岸附近,立即转移到高地,以防海啸。请记住:远离受损的建筑物,因为它们可能会在没有预警的情况下倒塌。
正如2008年汶川地震的一名幸存者回忆的那样:"当一切开始摇晃时,我的第一反应是跑。但我的老师喊道'伏地、遮挡、抓牢!'我听从了她的指示。那个简单的规则救了我的命。"
答案解析
第1题:根据文章,地震中正确的行动顺序是什么?
正确答案:B
依据:首段明确提出"Drop, Cover, and Hold On"(伏地、遮挡、抓牢)
技巧:顺序题需注意文中明确列出的步骤顺序,通常用数字或序列词标明
第2题:为什么地震时不应该跑到室外?
正确答案:B
依据:第三段"falling debris near building exits is a leading cause of injury"
技巧:因果题定位"not realizing"后的解释内容
第3题:地震时站在门口有什么问题?
正确答案:B
依据:第三段"modern homes don't have the strong doorframes of the past"
技巧:比较题注意"but"后的转折内容,解释为什么过去安全现在不安全
第4题:如果你在海岸附近,摇晃停止后应该立即做什么?
正确答案:C
依据:第四段"If you're near the coast, move to higher ground immediately in case of a tsunami"
技巧:建议题关注"If"引导的条件句和"immediately"强调的紧急行动
第5题:最后一段幸存者的故事主要说明了什么?
正确答案:B
依据:幸存者说"that simple rule saved my life"(那个简单的规则救了我的命)
技巧:例证题需理解故事是为了证明前文观点——遵循安全规则可以救命
阅读二:
海啸来袭的那天——一名幸存者的故事
改编自联合国儿童基金会
2004年12月26日,十岁的蒂莉·史密斯正和家人在泰国普吉岛享受阳光明媚的海滩假期。海面平静,天空湛蓝,一切看起来都很正常。但蒂莉注意到了一些奇怪的现象——海水在冒泡起沫,海水正在从岸边退去,露出了从未见过的沙滩。
两周前,蒂莉在地理课上学过海啸的知识。她的老师展示过图片,并解释说当海底发生地震时,可能会产生巨浪。其中一个预警信号就是海水突然退去,留下鱼群在裸露的沙滩上扑腾。
蒂莉跑到母亲身边。"海啸要来了!"她喊道。她的父母起初不明白,但蒂莉坚持己见。最后,她的父亲告诉了一名保安,保安拉响了警报。就在巨浪冲上岸的几分钟前,海滩上的所有人都被疏散了。
多亏了蒂莉的快速反应,那天那个海滩上无人遇难。她从一个地理课上学到的知识拯救了100多条生命。
这个故事告诉我们为什么灾难教育很重要。当蒂莉看到奇怪的现象时,她没有只是观望——她记住了所学的东西并采取了行动。如今,蒂莉的故事在世界各地的学校中被讲授,用以向孩子们展示,即使是年轻人也能在紧急情况下发挥作用。
答案解析
第1题:蒂莉注意到海水有什么奇怪的现象?
正确答案:B
依据:首段"the sea was bubbling and frothing, and the water was pulling back from the shore"
技巧:细节题定位"noticed"后的具体内容
第2题:蒂莉如何知道海啸可能要来?
正确答案:C
依据:第二段"Two weeks earlier, Tilly had learned about tsunamis in her geography class"
技巧:因果题注意时间状语"two weeks earlier"提供的背景信息
第3题:蒂莉的父亲告诉保安后发生了什么?
正确答案:B
依据:第三段"The beach was evacuated just minutes before a massive wave crashed ashore"
技巧:事件顺序题关注"just minutes before"表示的时间关系
第4题:因为蒂莉的警告,多少人得救?
正确答案:C
依据:第四段"Her knowledge... saved over 100 lives"
技巧:数字题需准确定位"over 100"这一具体数字
第5题:这个故事的主要信息是什么?
正确答案:C
依据:第五段总结"This story shows why disaster education matters... she remembered what she learned and took action"
技巧:主旨题关注末段的总结性语句,"shows why"引出核心观点
阅读三:
野火——起火原因与安全须知
改编自《国家地理儿童版》
每年,野火会烧毁世界各地数百万英亩的森林。有些是自然引发的——闪电是常见原因。但令人惊讶的是,约85%的野火是由人类引起的。一个被遗忘的营火、一个丢弃的烟头,甚至是一块像放大镜一样聚焦阳光的玻璃,都可能引发一场毁灭一切的烈火。
野火燃烧需要三个要素:燃料、氧气和热量。燃料是任何可以燃烧的东西——树木、草地,甚至房屋。氧气就在我们周围的空气中。热量来自点燃火源的东西,比如闪电或火柴。当这三者结合时,野火就能以惊人的速度蔓延,尤其是在干燥、多风的条件下。
如果你生活在野火易发地区,做好准备很重要。清理掉房屋周围的枯叶和树枝,创建"防火隔离带"。确保你的门牌号码便于消防员看清。最重要的是,制定应急计划。至少知道两条离开社区的路线,并确定如果走散后家人在哪里会合。
如果野火正在逼近,不要等待被告知才离开。尽早撤离,以免被火焰或烟雾困住。穿着防护衣物——长裤、长袖和结实的鞋子。用口罩或布捂住口鼻,避免吸入烟雾。
记住:野火蔓延很快,但只要做好准备并迅速行动,你就能保证安全。
答案解析
第1题:百分之多少的野火是由人类引起的?
正确答案:C
依据:首段"about 85% of wildfires are caused by humans"
技巧:数字题注意"about"和百分比的精确数字
第2题:野火燃烧需要哪三样东西?
正确答案:B
依据:第二段"Wildfires need three things to burn: fuel, oxygen, and heat"
技巧:列举题关注冒号后的并列内容
第3题:文中"defensible space"是什么意思?
正确答案:B
依据:第三段"clearing away dry leaves and branches"是对"defensible space"的具体解释
技巧:词义题需结合上下文的具体行动描述来理解术语含义
第4题:如果野火逼近,你应该怎么做?
正确答案:C
依据:第四段"Evacuate early to avoid being trapped by flames or smoke"
技巧:建议题关注祈使句和"to avoid"表示的目的
第5题:作者写这篇文章的目的是什么?
正确答案:B
依据:全文结构:解释野火成因→说明燃烧条件→介绍预防措施→给出应急建议
技巧:主旨题需综合全文,既有"how they start"的解释,也有"how to prepare"的建议
阅读四:
洪水——当水成为危险
改编自Ready.gov(美国国土安全部)
洪水是全球最常见的自然灾害。它们可能发生在任何地方——不仅仅是在河流或海岸附近。暴雨、融雪,甚至是水坝决堤,都能在几分钟内把街道变成河流。有些洪水会持续数天慢慢发展,但另一些被称为"山洪"的洪水,可以在几分钟内上涨,几乎没有预警。
流动水的力量很容易被低估。仅仅六英寸深的快速流动的水就能把人冲倒。两英尺深的水就能浮起一辆汽车——而一旦水开始流动,几乎不可能控制。这就是为什么专家给出这个简单的警告:绕道走,别淹死。
如果你住在洪水易发地区,做好准备是关键。了解你所在地区的洪水风险。将重要文件保存在防水容器中。准备应急包,包括水、食物、药品和手电筒。最重要的是,了解洪水"监视"和洪水"警告"的区别。"监视"意味着条件适合洪水发生。"警告"意味着洪水正在发生——立即采取行动。
洪水期间,立即转移到高地。切勿步行、游泳或驾车穿过洪水。它可能比看起来更深,而且可能隐藏着危险,如尖锐物体、断落的电线,甚至有毒化学物质。记住:仅仅六英寸深的水就能淹到大多数汽车的底盘,导致发动机熄火或失控。
洪水过后,等待官方宣布安全后再返回家中。小心蛇或其他可能被冲进你所在地区的动物。切勿在潮湿区域使用电器设备——你可能触电身亡。
洪水可能令人恐惧,但只要有知识和准备,你就可以保护自己和家人。
答案解析
第1题:什么是"山洪"?
正确答案:C
依据:首段"others, called 'flash floods,' can rise in just a few minutes with little warning"
技巧:定义题关注"called"后的术语和解释性定语从句
第2题:多深的流动水能把人冲倒?
正确答案:B
依据:第二段"Just six inches of fastmoving water can knock a person off their feet"
技巧:数字题注意"just"强调的量级——六英寸并不深,但足以构成危险
第3题:洪水"警告"意味着什么?
正确答案:B
依据:第三段"A warning means flooding is happening now—take action immediately"
技巧:定义区分题注意对比"watch"和"warning"的不同含义
第4题:为什么绝对不能驾车穿过洪水?
正确答案:B
依据:第四段"It may be deeper than it looks, and it may hide dangers"
技巧:因果题关注"may"表示的可能性,列举潜在危险
第5题:根据文章,洪水过后应该做什么?
正确答案:B
依据:第五段"wait for officials to say it's safe before returning home"
技巧:建议题关注"wait for"表示的行动顺序
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$How to survive an earthquake drop cover and hold on, adapted from red dot gov. U. S. Department of homeland security when the ground begins to shake every second counts, knowing what to do during an earthquake can mean the difference between life and death. Emergency experts degree on one simple rule, drop, cover and hold on. The first step is to drop down onto your hands and knees before the shaking knocks you over. This position, prevent you from falling, and allows you to stay low and crawl to safety if needed. Next, cover your head and neck under a sturdy table or deaths. If there's no table nearby, crunch next to an interior wall and cover your head with your arms. Finally, hold on to your shelter until the shaking stops. If the table moves, move with IT. Many people make dangerous mistakes during earthquakes. Some run outside, not realizing that falling debris near building exits as a leading cause of injury. Other stand in doorways, thinking this is safe, but modern homes don't have the strong doorframe of the past. After the shaking stops, be prepared for aftershocks. Smaller earthquakes that follow the main one, check yourself and others for injuries. If you're near the coast, move to higher ground immediately in case of a tsunami, and remember, stay away from damaged buildings as they may collapse without warning. As one survivor from the two thousand eight H. U. An earthquake were called when everything started shaking. My first fought was to run, but my teacher shouted, drop cover, hold on. And I followed her instructions. That simple rule saved my life.
The day the tsunami struck a survivor story adapted from U. F. On december twenty six, two thousand four, ten year old tilly Smith was enjoying a Sunny beach holiday in food cat thailand with her family. The water was calm, the sky was blue and nothing seemed unusual. But tilly noticed something strange. The sea was bubbling and frowning, and the water was pulling back from the shore, exposing sand that had never been seen before. Two weeks earlier, tile had learned about tsunamis. In her geography class. Her teacher had shown pictures and explained that when an earthquake happens under the ocean, IT can create giant waves. One warning sign is when the sea suddenly pulls back, leaving fish flopping on the exposed sand. Tilly ran to her mother. There's going to be a sunni. SHE cried. Her parents didn't understand at first, but till insisted. Finally, her father told the security guard who raised the alarm. The beach was evacuated just minutes before a massive wave crashed to shore. Thanks to tilly is quick thinking. No one on that beach died that day. Her knowledge from a single geography lesson saved over one hundred lives. This story shows why disaster education matters. When tilly saw something strange, SHE didn't just watch. SHE remembered what he learned and took action. Today, tilly story is taught in schools around the world to show children that even Young people can make a difference in an emergency.