专题05 阅读理解（说明文）（安徽专用）2026年高考英语一模分类汇编

专题05 阅读理解（说明文） Passage 1 （2026·安徽合肥·一模）Museums have long been considered as cultural storehouses that preserve and exhibit history, art and scientific discoveries. Yet, while some children frequently visit museums with their families, others — especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds — may never have the opportunity to engage with these rich cultural resources. This disparity can create gaps in cultural knowledge, academic engagement and even self-confidence. Professor Anik Meunier at the Université du Québec à Montréal studies how museum visits can enhance student engagement in the classroom and address social inequalities. She has established the School at the Museum program with her colleagues to integrate museum education into the school curriculum (课程) for primary and secondary schools in Montreal. “Research indicates that actions aimed at improving educational success must be carried out regularly and at a pace that allows the acquisition of new attitudes, understandings or behaviours among the target population,” explains Anik. To this end, School at the Museum organises regular visits to museums throughout the year. This provides students with consistent opportunities to engage with cultural and educational resources outside the classroom. Anik and her colleagues found that students who attended museums showed greater emotional, behavioural and cognitive engagement than before. They observed that the visits created a stronger sense of connection to the museum environment and its resources, enriching students’ cultural knowledge and expanding their vocabulary. Most importantly, after participating in School at the Museum, students who had had little prior exposure to museums displayed equal engagement to their classmates who had visited museums with family or friends. “To make the most of the educational value, one of the most important aspects of planning a museum trip is choosing the right museum and program for students’ needs. Most museums offer age-specific educational programs for school groups,” says Anik. “A visit to a museum can relate closely to courses in many subjects, such as history, science and art, and stimulate interdisciplinary approaches.” 1．What does the underlined word “disparity” in paragraph l refer to? A．The lack of scientific resources. B．The difference in cultural backgrounds. C．The unequal chance to access museums. D．The uneven level of family involvement. 2．What is the goal of the School at the Museum program? A．To deepen students’ insight into education. B．To enhance learning through museum visits. C．To raise awareness of the value of museums. D．To promote students’ classroom engagement. 3．What is the function of paragraph 3? A．Showing potential application of the finding. B．Offering additional background information. C．Giving examples to introduce the program. D．Providing evidence to support the research. 4．What message does Anik try to convey in the last paragraph? A．Turning a museum trip into an active lesson with good planning. B．Involving more school students in various museum programs. C．Making school subjects more popular with young museum-goers. D．Stimulating students’ interest in planning a suitable museum visit. Passage 2 （2026·安徽合肥·一模）For years, media headlines have described a serious situation regarding bee populations. They frequently warn that a global decline in bee species is just around the corner. But is it as straightforward as it appears? In fact, bee numbers tell a tale of two trends. In the United States, bee populations have encountered significant obstacles in recent decades. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) , since the 1960s the number of honeybee colonies in the United States has dropped significantly from around 5.5 million to approximately 2.5 million. In contrast to the declines observed in the West, some Asian countries have experienced stable or even growing bee populations. Several factors contribute to this positive trend: diverse natural landscapes, mild climates, and the expansion of commercial beekeeping. For instance, China — the world’s largest honey producer — has significantly expanded its managed honeybee populations to meet growing global demand, which helps make up for declines in wild bee populations. The idea of a global bee population collapse may not fully reflect the complexity of the situation. While some regions are experiencing alarming losses, others are seeing increases, demonstrating that active and effective measures can lead to positive outcomes. Regions facing declines can stabilize and even restore their bee populations by carrying out stronger conservation policies and sustainable farming practices. Key measures include the use of health-boosting treatments to strengthen bees’ immunity against pests and diseases, and the protection of diverse floral habitats to ensure a continuous and abundant food supply throughout the year. Meanwhile, countries experiencing population growth must remain alert to emerging threats to safeguard their long-term ecological progress and stability. Bees play a vital role in global food security and biodiversity. Their future depends on our collective ability to adapt, innovate, and protect their habitats. Instead of focusing only on declines, we should also learn from and follow the success stories of growing bee populations around the world. 5．What is the author’s attitude toward media reports on bee population? A．Fully supportive. B．Cautiously balanced. C．Highly defensive. D．Openly dismissive. 6．What has led to the growth of bee populations in some Asian countries? A．The diverse and growing number of wild bee populations. B．The development of new technology in the beekeeping industry. C．The favorable environment and the growing beekeeping industry. D．The rising global demand for wild bee honey and its by-products. 7．What can be inferred about the efforts to address bee population decline? A．Current measures have limited impact. B．Scientific creativity plays a leading role. C．Economic growth worsens ecological problems. D．Targeted actions help turn around negative trends. 8．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A．To give a detailed report on changes in bee populations. B．To raise a warning about the collapse of bee populations. C．To clarify trends in bee populations and suggest solutions. D．To outline the problems in beekeeping and analyze the causes. Passage 3 （2026·安徽芜湖·一模）What did you have for breakfast today? And how did you celebrate your last birthday? When you think back to these events, you’re using episode memory (情景记忆) — the ability to recall personal experiences tied to specific times and places. But how does your brain keep these memories separate without mixing them up? Scientists at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in the US believe this is thanks to a“memory reset button” in our brainstem. This small region, called the locus coeruleus (蓝斑核), helps organize and separate our memories. In the study, 36 volunteers took part in a memory task. Lying in an MRI scanner, they were shown a series of pictures of different objects. Meanwhile, several simple tones were played over and over again, first in one ear and then in the other with a different pitch. The pitch change aimed to change the context and create what is known as an event boundary. Event boundaries help the brain organize episode memory by changing our perception and attention. After the experiment, UCLA scientists tested how well the volunteers could recall the order of the pictures. The result showed that it was harder to do when the series of pictures crossed an event boundary. This suggests that changes in sound made the brain store memories separately. What’s more, MRI scans showed that the locus coeruleus became highly active when event boundaries appeared, but not so much otherwise. Earlier research showed that the hippocampus (海马体), helps shape episode memory by both linking events close together in time and separating those further apart. But what tells the hippocampus when to change modes? MRI scans suggest that “the locus coeruleus may provide the critical ‘start’ signal to the hippocampus, as if saying, ‘Hey, we’re in a new event now’,” said Lila Davachi, one of the researchers. The new understanding could lead to better treatment for memory-related problems like Alzheimer’s disease, where the locus coeruleus is overactive. These conditions might be managed by calming the locus coeruleus through medication, slow breathing or even using stress balls. 9．What is the function of the locus coeruleus? A．To create event boundaries. B．To store long-term memories. C．To enhance memory accuracy. D．To help separate memory events. 10．What can be inferred about the “event boundary”? A．It made memory recall easier. B．It broke continuous memory flow. C．It was created by a change in attention. D．It’s controlled only by the hippocampus. 11．What does the author advise people to do about future Alzheimer’s treatment? A．Repair the hippocampus. B．Remove event boundaries. C．Adjust locus coeruleus activity. D．Use MRI scanners almost daily. 12．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．How event boundaries separate daily memories. B．The hippocampus links and separates different events. C．The locus coeruleus helps organize episode memories. D．Sound changes create boundaries between memories. Passage 4 （2026·安徽芜湖·一模）A few years ago, I had the opportunity to go on a wildlife tour in southern Africa where our spotlight lit up a smaller hunter — African wildcat. The more I thought about those African wildcats, the more I’ve been amazed at their evolutionary (进化的) success. The African wildcat is the ancestor of our beloved household pets. And despite changing very little, their descendants have become among the world’s two most popular companion animals — cats and dogs. Household cats are quite expressive to their human companions, using different meows (喵) to communicate different messages. However, this is not an example of their treating us as part of their kind. Quite the contrary, cats rarely meow to one another. The sound of these meows has evolved to more effectively communicate with us. Cats similarly manipulate people with their purrs (呼噜声). When they want something, they purr extra loudly. And this purr is not the pleasant purring of a content cat, but a higher-pitched electric saw br-rr-oom demanding attention. Scientists digitally compared the sound qualities of the two types of purrs and discovered that the major difference is that the demanding purr includes a part very similar to the sound of a human baby crying. People, of course, are born to pay special attention to this sound, and cats have evolved to take advantage of this sensitivity to get our attention. Of course, that won’t surprise anyone who’s lived with a cat. Although cats are very trainable — they’re very food motivated — cats usually train us more than we train them. As the old saying goes, “Dogs have owners, cats have staff.” 13．What does the underlined word “descendants” mean? A．Relatives. B．Ancestors. C．Previous owners. D．Later generations. 14．What does meowing of household cats indicate? A．It’s a skill they use to communicate with humans. B．It’s a way they communicate with cats. C．It’s less expressive than wildcats’ meowing. D．It indicates cats see humans as their kind. 15．What is the difference between two types of purr? A．The demanding purr is more pleasant. B．The demanding purr sounds like a baby’s cry. C．The content purr sounds like an electric saw. D．The content purr is harder to hear. 16．Which statement is true according to the last paragraph? A．Cats see humans as owners. B．Cats and dogs are equally loyal. C．Humans are like staff to cats. D．Humans train cats more. Passage 5 （2026·安徽淮北·一模）According to a recent discovery, a female mosquito’s blood-sucking feeding tube (口器) makes for a great high-resolution 3D printer spray tip. A team of researchers at McGill University in Montréal was looking for ideas to create a tiny, low-cost, and sustainable 3D printing tip, and this mosquito body part seems to be almost perfect for the job. TechXplore reports that these tips can be used for 3D printing extremely fine objects, with smooth surfaces, ideal for air and space industries, dentistry, and biomedical research. Such high-precision 3D printing tips usually come at a high cost. The source suggests they are typically priced at around $80 per tip. Moreover, current commercial tips that meet this standard are made of either non-biodegradable plastic or metal. We’ve seen plenty of interesting bio-inspired technologies ahead of this new method from McGill. But this new printing method is not simply bio-inspired but reuses natural body parts. The researchers studied other biological donors before settling on the mosquito. Stingers from bees, sharp teeth from snakes, water-carrying tubes in plants, and even tiny needles from insects like snails were alternative high-resolution 3D printing options, but the female mosquito’s feeding tube won the day. The female mosquito’s tube has many qualities that make it well-suited for 3D printing. According to the researchers, its inner width is just 20 micrometers. This is 100% finer than the best human-made tips. These biodegradable tips are also remarkably straight, and stable. However, printing tips are improved by using 3D-printed supporting structures to help fix the problem of low mechanical strength. The McGill scientists said their work paves the way for fresh advances in manufacturing and micro-engineering supported by 3D printing. They haven’t settled yet, though, and will continue to look into other natural options for stronger and finer 3D printing tips. 17．Why did the researchers explore mosquito body parts? A．To test insects’ biological functions. B．To reduce the use of metal materials. C．To design a more affordable 3D printer. D．To develop a 3D printer that works fast. 18．What is the purpose of mentioning other animals in paragraph 3? A．To demonstrate the biodiversity in nature. B．To explain how insects are used in engineering. C．To compare the feeding habits of different animals. D．To highlight the process of selecting the final solution. 19．What feature makes the mosquito’s tube suitable for 3D printing? A．Its ability to change shape freely. B．Its particularly narrow inner width. C．Its resistance to severe temperatures. D．Its naturally high mechanical strength. 20．What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the research? A．It has already reached its final stage. B．It no longer relies on biological materials. C．It will soon replace commercial printing tips. D．It could open doors to new fine-scale manufacturing. Passage 6 （2026·安徽合肥·一模）A recent study by NYU Abu Dhabi reveals that space rays, high-energy particles (粒子) from space, may generate the energy necessary to support underground life on planets and moons in our solar system. This discovery challenges the long-held belief that life can only live near sunlight or volcanic heat. The research, published in the International Journal of Astrobiology and led by Dimitra Atri, shows that space rays are not always harmful. In fact, they can help microscopic life (微生物)  survive. When space rays hit underground water or ice, they break water molecules (分子) apart, releasing electrons (电子). On Earth, some bacteria can use these electrons for energy, just as plants use sunlight. This process, called radiolysis (辐射分解), can sustain life in dark and cold places without sunlight. Using computers, the researchers explored how much energy this process could generate on Mars and the icy moons of Jupiter and Saturn. These moons are thought to have hidden water beneath their thick ice layers. The study found that Saturn’s moon Enceladus has the greatest potential to support life through radiolysis, followed by Mars and Jupiter’s moon Europa. “This discovery changes the way we think about where life might exist,” said Atri. “Instead of looking only for warm planets with sunlight, we can now consider places that are cold and dark, as long as they have some water beneath the surface and are exposed to space rays. Life might be able to survive in more places than we ever imagined.” The study also introduces the concept of the Radiolytic Habitable Zone, which is different from the traditional “Goldilocks Zone”. Since space rays are widespread in space, there may be many more life-supporting places in the universe. The findings provide new guidance for future space missions. Instead of only looking for signs of life on the surface, scientists might also explore underground environments on Mars and the icy moons, using tools that can detect chemical energy created by space radiation. This research opens up exciting new possibilities in the search for life beyond Earth and suggests that even the coldest and darkest corners of the solar system could harbor life. 21．What common sense does the NYU study mainly challenge? A．Space rays have caused great harm. B．Life merely depends on solar energy. C．Alien life really exists on other planets. D．Volcanic heat is needed on icy moons. 22．How does radiolysis help sustain life? A．By generating light needed by life. B．By reflecting sunlight to water below icy layers. C．By separating water molecules to free electrons. D．By making dark and frozen areas warmer. 23．What does the underlined word “harbor” in the last paragraph mean? A．Control, B．Hide. C．Extend. D．Transform. 24．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Space Rays Provide Energy for Hidden Life. B．Icy Moons Hold More Water Than Mars. C．Volcanic Heat Is No Longer Needed for Life. D．Goldilocks Zone Is Redefined by Sunlight. Passage 7 （2025·安徽合肥·一模）It might surprise you to learn that dogs are playing an increasingly important role as conservationists. For centuries, they have been known as man’s best friends. Now, their unique abilities are being used to help protect some of the world’s most threatened species. Quick and loyal, dogs possess many qualities that make them ideal for fieldwork, but it’s their extraordinary sense of smell that makes them invaluable for conservation work. With around 220 million olfactory receptors(嗅觉受体)compared to just 5 million in humans, dogs can detect scents(气味)and analyze them with astonishing accuracy, devoting 40 times more of their brain to scent analysis than we do. Thanks to this incredible ability, some dogs are now being trained to save at-risk animals by sniffing(嗅)out their droppings. At the University of Washington’s Conservation Canines facility, 20 specially trained dogs have successfully tracked killer whale droppings, which only float briefly on the ocean’s surface. Analyzing these samples enables scientists to monitor the health of killer whale populations, which are under significant stress from food shortages, pollution, and boat traffic. Beyond tracking animal droppings, conservation dogs are also trained for live animal detection, further showcasing their abilities. They can locate rare species in their natural habitats. Additionally, they are now used to tackle the non-native species that threaten the survival of the local wildlife. Dogs also take on other important roles. For example, at Kenya’s Mombasa port, dogs sniff out illegal wildlife products such as rhino horns and ivory. Across Africa, they work on the frontlines against illegal hunting, serving as a powerful security force enhancer. While dogs may not be the ultimate solution to every conservation challenge, their incomparable abilities make them invaluable companions in the fight to protect our planet’s biodiversity. 25．Why are the figures mentioned in the second paragraph? A．To highlight the superiority of dogs’ sense of smell. B．To suggest the amazing accuracy of dogs’ analysis. C．To recognize the importance of conservation work. D．To show dogs’ impressive achievements in fieldwork. 26．How do dogs help protect killer whales? A．By tracking their movements. B．By detecting their droppings. C．By monitoring their populations. D．By analyzing the collected samples. 27．What can we learn from the example given in Paragraph 4? A．Wildlife products are popular in African countries. B．Non-native species affect the survival of local wildlife. C．Dogs are used to detect and prevent illegal wildlife trade. D．Dogs can accurately locate the natural habitats of rare species. 28．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To appeal to people to protect biodiversity. B．To report various environmental challenges. C．To introduce dogs’ roles in conservation efforts. D．To prove the conventional claim of dogs’ qualities. Passage 8 （20260·安徽亳州·一模）A team of scientists from the University of Plymouth in the UK placed radishes (a type of vegetable) into a water-based system containing nanoplastic particles (纳米塑料微粒). After five days, almost 5% of the nanoplastics had made their way into the radish roots. A quarter of those were in the safe-to-eat, fleshy roots, while a tenth had traveled up to the higher leafy shoots, despite built-in features within the plants that typically screen harmful material from the soil. Plants have a layer within their roots called the Casparian strip (凯氏带), which should act as a form of filter (过滤) against particles, many of which can be harmful. This is the first time that a study has demonstrated nanoplastic particles could get beyond that protective barrier, with the potential for them to build up within plants and be passed on to anything that consumes them. The findings suggest even fresh, healthy food products can contain millions of tiny plastic pieces per bite, many as small as a millionth of a centimeter. There are some limitations to the study, as it didn’t use a real-world farming setup. The amount of plastics in the liquid is higher than that in soil, and only one type of plastic and one kind of vegetable were tested. Nevertheless, the basic principle stands: The smallest plastic nanoparticles can apparently pass through protective barriers in plants, and from there into the food we eat. Given the rapid spread of plastic pollution, this could be happening globally on the largest possible scale. There is no reason to believe this is unique to this vegetable, with the clear possibility that nanoplastics are being absorbed into various types of produce being grown all over the world. “This study provides clear evidence that particles in the environment can build up not only in seafood but also in vegetables,” says marine biologist Richard Thompson. “Moreover, this work contributes to our understanding of build-up and the potentially harmful effects of microparticles and nanoparticles on human health.” 29．What is the function of the Casparian strip? A．It stores water for plants during dry periods. B．It serves as a barrier against harmful particles. C．It produces chemicals to fight against diseases. D．It helps plants absorb nutrients more efficiently. 30．What limitation of the study is mentioned in the text? A．The researchers used unrealistic plastic amount. B．The scientists tested too many types of vegetables. C．The plastic particles were too small to detect easily. D．The experiment lasted for an insufficient time period. 31．What is Richard Thompson’s attitude towards the research? A．Dismissive. B．Tolerant. C．Critical. D．Favorable. 32．Which would be the most suitable title for the text? A．The Severity of Food Safety Issues B．A Breakthrough in Agricultural Technology C．How Plastic Particles Enter Our Food Chain D．What the Most Plastic-Resistant Vegetable Is Passage 9 （2026·安徽宣城·一模）According to new data from the online reservation service company Resy, 90% of Generation Z (Gen Z) diners say they enjoy shared tables, compared to just 60% of boomers, who were born after World War II, highlighting a generational revival of one of the restaurant world’s most controversial trends: seating multiple groups of diners together at large dining tables. For a generation raised online but hungry for real-world connection, sharing a table with strangers has become less about awkward closeness and more about the promise of controlled socialization, and the potential for a new friend - or even a date. “Shared plates have become the new standard, especially among Gen Z, and shared tables are the perfect setting for that-they naturally turn dinner into a shared experience,” Pablo Rivero, CEO of Resy and Tock and Senior Vice President of Global Dining at American Express, said. “You never know who you’ll be seated next to; that’s the fun of it!” Resy’s report found 63% of the surveyed feel that shared tables are great for meeting new people, with half saying they’ve had interesting conversations with someone they otherwise wouldn’t have spoken to while dining with strangers. One in three said they’d met a new friend this way, and one in seven said they’d landed a date. Shared dining has long split the room-literally. For some diners, the idea of brushing elbows with strangers feels less like simple charm and more like a social anxiety experiment, but not everyone sees it that way. “You are benefiting, because it’s a group conversation, and you can add to that conversation in a safer way,” Della Penna said. “It’s especially comforting for some of those folks who may have felt like they don’t have the social skills, or are a bit shyer, or have been kind of digital-only for so long. It’s a safe step back to connecting and being social where you don’t have the heavy weight of carrying the entire conversation.” 33．What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A．A company leads global promotion of shared tables worldwide. B．Generational comeback of shared tables, Gen Z vs boomers. C．Gen Z prefers online reservations over traditional ones. D．All diners widely accept shared tables as standard. 34．What makes shared tables attractive to Gen Z? A．Creating a chance for social connection. B．Helping restaurants operate efficiently. C．Offering a private dining experience. D．Reducing the expense of a meal. 35．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 5? A．The social anxiety experience. B．The simple charm of shared dining. C．The idea of eating close to strangers. D．The physical division of the dining room. 36．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Boomers Lead Communal Dining Comeback. B．Shared Tables Become Popular Among Gen Z. C．Young Diners Lose Traditional Table Manners. D．Online Reservations Change Restaurant Culture. Passage 1 （2026·安徽宣城·一模）Urban heat islands (UHIs) have become a pressing environmental challenge as cities expand rapidly worldwide. These phenomena occur when built up areas — with concrete roads, glass skyscrapers, and minimal green space-trap more heat than surrounding rural regions, raising urban temperatures by 2 to 8 degrees Celsius. A 2024 study published in Sustainable Cities and Society tracked 50 major cities across Asia, Europe, and North America, finding that UHIs not only worsen heatwaves but also increase energy consumption for air conditioning by 30%on average, making carbon emissions worse. However, innovative urban planning is proving effective in easing this issue. The Chinese city of Shenzhen has pioneered a “sponge city green corridor” model, integrating rooftop gardens, vertical forests on the outside of buildings, and pavements that let rainwater sink into the ground. Over the past five years, these measures have reduced local temperatures by 1.5 degrees and cut urban runoff by 40% during heavy rains. Similarly, Copenhagen’s “cool neighborhoods” project replaced asphalt (沥青) with light-colored, heat-reflective materials and expanded community parks, lowering summer temperatures in targeted areas by 2 degrees while improving residents’ mental health, according to post-project surveys. The key to success lies in balancing infrastructure development with ecological conservation. Researchers emphasize that native plant species are particularly crucial-they require less water, support local biodiversity, and absorb more heat than non-local plants. Moreover, community participation plays a vital role: in Berlin, residents’ initiatives to convert vacant lots into urban gardens have created over 120 small green spaces, each contributing to UHI reduction while fostering social connections. As cities continue to grow, addressing urban heat islands is no longer optional but essential for sustainable development. The solutions — rooted in green infrastructure, smart design, and community engagement-demonstrate that environmental protection and urbanization can coexist harmoniously. By learning from successful cases worldwide, cities can turn the challenge of UHIs into an opportunity to build healthier, more resilient living spaces. 37．What is the main cause of urban heat islands? A．Excessive use of air conditioning. B．Light-colored reflective materials. C．Waste gases from vehicles and factories. D．Lack of green space and overbuilt areas. 38．How does Shenzhen reduce urban heat islands? A．By expanding rural areas around the city. B．By establishing more high-rise buildings. C．By using new heat-reflective materials on roads. D．By doing more greening and better water management. 39．Why are native plant species recommended for urban greening? A．Because they are more affordable to maintain. B．Because they grow faster than non-local plants. C．Because they adapt better and absorb more heat. D．Because they attract more community participation. 40．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Growth and green goals can go together. B．Cities must stop growing to save nature. C．Few cities succeed in fixing urban heat islands. D．Community involvement solves urban heat issues. Passage 2 （2026·安徽蚌埠·一模）New Year’s gifts may contain more surprises than usual this year, as children open presents that can talk back. Toymakers in China have declared 2025 the year of artificial intelligence (AI) and are producing robots and teddies that can teach, play and tell stories. Older children, meanwhile, are glued to viral AI videos and AI-enhanced games. At school, many are being taught with materials created with tools like ChatGPT. Some are even learning alongside chatbot-assistants. In work and play, AI is remaking the very nature of childhood. AI promises every child the kind of upbringing previously available only to the rich, with private assistants, personalised courses and tailored entertainment. Children can listen to songs composed for them, read stories in which they star, play video games that adapt to their skill level and have chatbot friends cheering them on. A childhood fit for a king could become universal. Yet this future is filled with both opportunities and hidden traps: a tailored upbringing may lead to loneliness and isolation (孤立). What’s more, as their subjects often find out, it can create adults who are ill-equipped for real life. As AI changes childhood for better and for worse, society must rethink the business of growing up. Being brought up by robots has advantages. Tech firms are already showing how AI can enhance learning, especially where teachers and materials are scarce. Early trials have shown it improves language skills significantly. AI assistants free students from one-size-fits-all classes, where bright pupils grow bored and struggling ones fall behind; AI can even rewrite complex content into cartoons or songs for 8-year-old learners. Yet there are well-publicised risks in letting children loose on an evolving technology. Toys can go off the rail; children can easily misuse AI. Worse still, the technology quickly learns what its master likes and shows more of it. One-sided relationships with chatbots present a similar risk. AI companions that never criticise, nor share feelings of their own, are a poor preparation for dealing with imperfect humans. Some basic counter-measures are urgent. Parents should think twice before entrusting their child to a machine; chatbots should have age restrictions; However, the longer-term challenge is to think deeply about how to preserve the socialisation that AI could take out of children’s lives. Schools are the best place to do this. They should take advantage of personalised teaching where it is proven to work. But they must also redouble efforts to teach things that a robot can’t: to debate, to disagree and to get along with — perhaps even to appreciate — people who are not as sycophantic (阿谀) as a chatbot. 41．Why are several examples cited in paragraph 1? A．To label 2025 as the first year of AI. B．To demonstrate AI’s widespread existence. C．To emphasize academic and leisure activities. D．To exhibit the technological advance AI brings. 42．What does the author think of the AI-supported childhood? A．It limits children’s range of choices. B．It may cause drawbacks in adulthood. C．It is only available to the privileged class. D．It enables children to become kings in future. 43．What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Training chatbots. B．Entrusting AI machines. C．Keeping personal interactions. D．Lifting age restrictions. 44．What is the best title for the text? A．AI is Rewiring Childhood B．AI Helps Children Grow Healthily C．AI is Promising a Bright Future D．AI Becomes an Ideal companion Passage 3 （2026·安徽亳州·一模）Engineers at the University of Massachusetts have developed an artificial neuron (神经元) like no other. In experiments, their newly created model was able to directly communicate with a biological neuron in a remarkably lifelike, quiet way. The cell-to-cell flow of electrical information involves the same voltage (电压) and energy consumption as natural neuron communication. The breakthrough is a first in the field, somewhat reducing the distance between our brains and our computers. Scientists have been developing artificial brain cells and connecting them to complex machines for years now, but their simple functions pale in comparison to those in our brains. This newest creation is closer than ever to imitating the real thing. “Previous versions of artificial neurons used10 times more voltage — and 100 times more power — than the one we have created,” says engineer Jun Yao. That’s like an artificial neuron “screaming” at the top of its lungs to a typical human neuron. All that hollering takes a lot of energy, and if it’s too loud, the receiver may be overwhelmed and miss the key of the message. What Yao has created is an artificial neuron that essentially can “whisper” to a natural one. “Ours registers only 0.1 volts, which is about the same as the neurons in our bodies,” says Yao. Other scientists have gotten artificial neurons to communicate with real brain cells in less natural ways — for example, through the use of light. But this new breakthrough copies a more conventional system. The key in this case was to use protein nanowires (纳米线) grown by bacteria. Because these structures are naturally obtained, they can survive in wet environments like real neurons. Models like these advance the potential for neuromorphic integration. We currently have all kinds of wearable electronic sensing systems, but they are comparatively awkward and inefficient. Every time they sense a signal from our body, they have to electrically strengthen it so that a computer can analyze it. That intermediate step of strengthening increases both power consumption and the circuit’s complexity, but sensors built with the low-voltage neurons could do without any strengthening at all. 45．How does the new artificial neuron compare with natural ones? A．It’s less likely to collapse. B．It’s more complex. C．It consumes more energy. D．It shows equal efficiency. 46．What does the underlined word “hollering” in paragraph 3 most likely mean? A．Whispering. B．Shouting. C．Speeding. D．Waiting. 47．Which is a crucial factor in the breakthrough? A．The use of protein nanowires grown by bacteria. B．The development of new computer programming methods. C．The discovery of how to use light for neuron communication. D．The invention of special strengthening equipment for signals. 48．What future application is suggested for the new neurons? A．Faster computer games. B．Smaller smartphones. C．Better wearable devices. D．Brighter screens. Passage 4 （2026·安徽滁州·一模）The Amazon rainforest is often called the “lungs of the Earth” and credited with producing 20 percent of the world’s oxygen. But that’s a misleading claim. “There are a number of reasons why you keep the Amazon in place, but oxygen just isn’t any one of them,” remarks Earth systems scientist Michael Coe. To Coe, the claim doesn’t make any sense because there isn’t enough carbon dioxide in the atmosphere for trees to photosynthesize (光合作用). For carbon dioxide molecules (分子)trees pull out of the air, they push a comparable number of oxygen molecules back out. The atmosphere contains less than half a percent of carbon dioxide, and 21 percent of oxygen. It’s impossible for the Amazon to generate that much oxygen. Yadvinder Malhi, an ecosystem ecologist at Oxford University, estimates tropical forests are responsible for around 34 percent of photosynthesis occurring on land. Based on its size, the Amazon would account for about half of that, which means the Amazon generates around 17 percent of oxygen produced on land. The oxygen we breathe is the gift of plankton (浮游生物)in the ocean that have over billions of years steadily accumulated oxygen that made the atmosphere breathable. This oxygen could only accumulate because the plankton became trapped at the bottom of the ocean before they could rot. Otherwise, their breaking-up by other microbes would have used up that oxygen. However, the 20 percent claim has been making the rounds for decades. Malhi and Coe think it comes from the fact that the Amazon contributes around 20 percent of the oxygen produced by photosynthesis on land — which may have mistakenly slipped into public knowledge as “20 percent of the oxygen in the atmosphere.” Obviously, none of this is to say that the Amazon isn’t important. “It pulls tons of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere, which cools the planet,” notes climate scientist Carlos Nobre, “The Amazon is also the most bio-diverse ecosystem on land and one of nature’s most powerful tools for easing climate change, playing an important role in stabilizing rainfall cycles in South America.” For its importance to the world, the Amazon might as well be a pair of “lungs”. 49．What is a widespread misunderstanding of the Amazon? A．It features rich biodiversity. B．It eases climate change effectively. C．It produces 20% of Earth’s oxygen. D．It breathes in oxygen like human lungs. 50．Why does Michael Coe doubt the claim? A．Oxygen is mainly from plankton. B．CO2 is too little for photosynthesis. C．The Amazon is not large enough. D．The Amazon generates little oxygen. 51．Why do ocean plankton contribute most to the breathable atmosphere? A．They absorb more CO2. B．They spread across vast ocean regions. C．They photosynthesize faster. D．They build up oxygen over long periods. 52．What can we infer from Carlos Nobre’s words in the last paragraph? A．He denies the claim on the Amazon. B．He underestimates the Amazon’s function. C．He stresses the Amazon’s ecological value. D．He confirms the Amazon’s role in carbon reduction. Passage 5 （2026·安徽阜阳·一模）As a perfect example of contradictory ideas, “barefoot shoes” is in a class of its own. Otherwise referred to as “minimalist footwear”, these shoes are designed to reproduce the experience of not wearing shoes. By returning to something closer to the barefoot experience, the argument goes, runners can improve their health and reduce injuries. Evolution (进化论) is one line of argument. After all, humans have been running barefoot for millions of years. Modern trainers, with their cushioned soles (缓冲鞋底), chunky (厚实的) heels and arch supports, date back only to the 1970s. Supporters of barefoot shoes argue that modern footwear makes runners’ feet weak. For example, over 75% of athletes wearing conventional shoes use a rearfoot strike — where the heel hits the ground first. For barefoot runners, or those in minimalist shoes, the numbers are 40% and 67% respectively. The difference is largely because of the shoe design. Chunkier heels hit the ground earlier and a cushioned sole protects the heel from the otherwise painful impact of a rearfoot strike. Barefoot runners rely on the foot’s inbuilt suspension system to reduce that impact. Such slight changes to the mechanics of running can have big effects on the body. One small study in 2021 found that six months of wearing minimalist footwear can increase toe-muscle (脚趾肌肉) strength by 57%. Another, from 2018, reported a 40% increase in just eight weeks. Those accustomed to walking and running barefoot — such as the Kalenjin tribe in Kenya— have thicker foot muscles and improved ankle mobility. Supporters say that running in barefoot shoes should therefore mean fewer injuries. But no study has yet confirmed that. The evidence, both for and against, is inconclusive, with most studies examining only small numbers of people. Some scientists worry about increased loads on the ankle. Others suggest barefoot running may actually increase rates of injury, particularly on hard surfaces, or if the switch occurs too quickly. One ten-week study found almost half of runners switching to barefoot shoes showed signs of a fluid build-up often caused by stress on the foot. “The most important thing,” says Ali Ghoz, a surgeon at the London Clinic, “is a gradual introduction.” 53．Why do most runners in conventional shoes use a rearfoot strike? A．It helps to strengthen toe muscles. B．It is encouraged by the shoe design. C．It is the most comfortable running style. D．It is widely adopted by barefoot runners. 54．What risk may come with barefoot shoes? A．More heel strikes. B．Weaker ankle joints. C．Too much ankle load. D．Fluid shortage in feet. 55．What is the author’s attitude towards barefoot shoes? A．Strongly supportive. B．Slightly doubtful. C．Fairly balanced. D．Purely negative. 56．What is the best title for the text? A．Are barefoot shoes good for runners? B．Why do modern trainers cause weak feet? C．How to avoid injuries when running barefoot? D．Does the transition to barefoot shoes take longer? Passage 6 （2026·安徽阜阳·一模）“You can try lying down,” said Wang Zhigang, chief curator (策展人) of Houses of Heaven: Immersive (沉浸式虚拟现实的) Chinese Caisson Digital Art Exhibition, to a girl visiting the show in Beijing. The girl lay on the floor as a six-sided LED ceiling lit up above her, projecting vivid images of Qing Dynasty caissons, or zaojing — fancy wooden dome (穹顶) structures commonly found in palaces and grand temples, famous for their complex design. “In real historic buildings, I always had to lift her onto my shoulders, and even then, she still couldn’t see the caisson clearly,” the girl's mother said. “Here, she feels as if the whole ceiling is within her reach.” According to Wang, the towering height of caissons and the faint lighting in traditional halls often make the details difficult to see, leaving much of their artistry overlooked. To change that, he led a team of young cultural heritage specialists and turned to digital technology to bring these ancient designs closer to the public. According to Zhang Yuan, who supervised the entire process from research to digital reconstruction, the three-minute immersive display took one year and nine months to complete. She recalled the team’s fieldwork in Shanxi Province. “Some sites are restricted by copyright,” Zhang said. “We brought professional laser scanners (激光扫描仪), but many banned large equipment for safety reasons.” In those cases, Zhang and her teammates had to photograph the sites as ordinary visitors and later used photogrammetry to build 3D models. Collecting the data was just the first step. Zhang noted that raw scans often contained local inaccuracies, requiring meticulous manual correction — a process she likened to “micro-sculpting”. For 28-year-old Iranian doctoral student Pouya Amani, who grew up and studied in China, the project drew on his interdisciplinary background in design and cultural heritage. “Shifting from traditional exhibitions to immersive ones is a major trend today,” he said. “A short film with the right visuals can help international audiences grasp the essence of caissons. China is full of culture. The key is finding subjects that translate well into the digital form.” 57．What is the feature of the exhibition? A．It offers interactive explorations of zaojing. B．It digitalizes the process of building zaojing. C．It allows visitors to see zaojing's details up close. D．It brings zaojing to life through the latest technology. 58．Which of the following words best describes the fieldwork of the team? A．Dangerous. B．Challenging. C．Creative. D．Encouraging. 59．What does the underlined word “meticulous” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Thorough. B．Extensive. C．Basic. D．Swift. 60．What is key to presenting Chinese culture digitally according to Pouya Amani? A．Focusing on the major trend. B．Choosing appropriate subjects. C．Targeting international audiences. D．Turning to cross-subject methods. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 阅读理解（说明文） Passage 1 （2026·安徽合肥·一模）Museums have long been considered as cultural storehouses that preserve and exhibit history, art and scientific discoveries. Yet, while some children frequently visit museums with their families, others — especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds — may never have the opportunity to engage with these rich cultural resources. This disparity can create gaps in cultural knowledge, academic engagement and even self-confidence. Professor Anik Meunier at the Université du Québec à Montréal studies how museum visits can enhance student engagement in the classroom and address social inequalities. She has established the School at the Museum program with her colleagues to integrate museum education into the school curriculum (课程) for primary and secondary schools in Montreal. “Research indicates that actions aimed at improving educational success must be carried out regularly and at a pace that allows the acquisition of new attitudes, understandings or behaviours among the target population,” explains Anik. To this end, School at the Museum organises regular visits to museums throughout the year. This provides students with consistent opportunities to engage with cultural and educational resources outside the classroom. Anik and her colleagues found that students who attended museums showed greater emotional, behavioural and cognitive engagement than before. They observed that the visits created a stronger sense of connection to the museum environment and its resources, enriching students’ cultural knowledge and expanding their vocabulary. Most importantly, after participating in School at the Museum, students who had had little prior exposure to museums displayed equal engagement to their classmates who had visited museums with family or friends. “To make the most of the educational value, one of the most important aspects of planning a museum trip is choosing the right museum and program for students’ needs. Most museums offer age-specific educational programs for school groups,” says Anik. “A visit to a museum can relate closely to courses in many subjects, such as history, science and art, and stimulate interdisciplinary approaches.” 1．What does the underlined word “disparity” in paragraph l refer to? A．The lack of scientific resources. B．The difference in cultural backgrounds. C．The unequal chance to access museums. D．The uneven level of family involvement. 2．What is the goal of the School at the Museum program? A．To deepen students’ insight into education. B．To enhance learning through museum visits. C．To raise awareness of the value of museums. D．To promote students’ classroom engagement. 3．What is the function of paragraph 3? A．Showing potential application of the finding. B．Offering additional background information. C．Giving examples to introduce the program. D．Providing evidence to support the research. 4．What message does Anik try to convey in the last paragraph? A．Turning a museum trip into an active lesson with good planning. B．Involving more school students in various museum programs. C．Making school subjects more popular with young museum-goers. D．Stimulating students’ interest in planning a suitable museum visit. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了博物馆教育资源分配不均的问题，并介绍了魁北克蒙特利尔大学Anik Meunier教授发起的“School at the Museum”项目，该项目通过将博物馆参观融入学校课程，提升学生参与度并减少文化资源差距。   1．词句猜测题。根据第1段中“Yet, while some children frequently visit museums with their families, others — especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds — may never have the opportunity to engage with these rich cultural resources.(然而，虽然有些孩子经常与家人一起参观博物馆，但其他孩子——尤其是那些来自弱势背景的孩子——可能永远没有机会接触这些丰富的文化资源。)”可知，“disparity”指的是不同背景孩子在参观博物馆机会上的不平等。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第2段中“She has established the School at the Museum program with her colleagues to integrate museum education into the school curriculum for primary and secondary schools in Montreal.(她与同事们共同创立了‘School at the Museum’项目，将博物馆教育融入蒙特利尔中小学的学校课程。)”可知，该项目目标是通过博物馆参观来加强课堂学习。故选B。   3．推理判断题。根据第3段中“Anik and her colleagues found that students who attended museums showed greater emotional, behavioural and cognitive engagement than before.(Anik和她的同事们发现，参观过博物馆的学生在情感、行为和认知参与度上都比以前更高。)”和“Most importantly, after participating in School at the Museum, students who had had little prior exposure to museums displayed equal engagement to their classmates who had visited museums with family or friends. (最重要的是，在参与‘School at the Museum’之后，那些之前很少接触博物馆的学生表现出了与那些曾与家人或朋友参观过博物馆的同学同等的参与度。)”可知，本段通过具体研究发现为前文提出的项目理念提供了实证支持。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第4段中“To make the most of the educational value, one of the most important aspects of planning a museum trip is choosing the right museum and program for students’ needs.(为了最大化其教育价值，规划博物馆之旅最重要的方面之一是根据学生需求选择合适的博物馆和项目。)”以及“A visit to a museum can relate closely to courses in many subjects, such as history, science and art, and stimulate interdisciplinary approaches.(一次博物馆参观可以与历史、科学和艺术等多门学科课程紧密关联，并激发跨学科的学习方法。)”可知，Anik强调的是通过精心规划，将博物馆参观转化为与课程紧密结合的主动学习体验。故选A。 Passage 2 （2026·安徽合肥·一模）For years, media headlines have described a serious situation regarding bee populations. They frequently warn that a global decline in bee species is just around the corner. But is it as straightforward as it appears? In fact, bee numbers tell a tale of two trends. In the United States, bee populations have encountered significant obstacles in recent decades. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) , since the 1960s the number of honeybee colonies in the United States has dropped significantly from around 5.5 million to approximately 2.5 million. In contrast to the declines observed in the West, some Asian countries have experienced stable or even growing bee populations. Several factors contribute to this positive trend: diverse natural landscapes, mild climates, and the expansion of commercial beekeeping. For instance, China — the world’s largest honey producer — has significantly expanded its managed honeybee populations to meet growing global demand, which helps make up for declines in wild bee populations. The idea of a global bee population collapse may not fully reflect the complexity of the situation. While some regions are experiencing alarming losses, others are seeing increases, demonstrating that active and effective measures can lead to positive outcomes. Regions facing declines can stabilize and even restore their bee populations by carrying out stronger conservation policies and sustainable farming practices. Key measures include the use of health-boosting treatments to strengthen bees’ immunity against pests and diseases, and the protection of diverse floral habitats to ensure a continuous and abundant food supply throughout the year. Meanwhile, countries experiencing population growth must remain alert to emerging threats to safeguard their long-term ecological progress and stability. Bees play a vital role in global food security and biodiversity. Their future depends on our collective ability to adapt, innovate, and protect their habitats. Instead of focusing only on declines, we should also learn from and follow the success stories of growing bee populations around the world. 5．What is the author’s attitude toward media reports on bee population? A．Fully supportive. B．Cautiously balanced. C．Highly defensive. D．Openly dismissive. 6．What has led to the growth of bee populations in some Asian countries? A．The diverse and growing number of wild bee populations. B．The development of new technology in the beekeeping industry. C．The favorable environment and the growing beekeeping industry. D．The rising global demand for wild bee honey and its by-products. 7．What can be inferred about the efforts to address bee population decline? A．Current measures have limited impact. B．Scientific creativity plays a leading role. C．Economic growth worsens ecological problems. D．Targeted actions help turn around negative trends. 8．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A．To give a detailed report on changes in bee populations. B．To raise a warning about the collapse of bee populations. C．To clarify trends in bee populations and suggest solutions. D．To outline the problems in beekeeping and analyze the causes. 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．D 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了全球蜜蜂数量呈现不同趋势及应对数量下降的措施并呼吁保护蜜蜂。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段“For years, media headlines have described a serious situation regarding bee populations. They frequently warn that a global decline in bee species is just around the corner. But is it as straightforward as it appears? In fact, bee numbers tell a tale of two trends. (多年来，媒体头条都在描述蜜蜂数量的严峻形势。他们经常警告说，全球蜜蜂物种的减少即将到来。但真的像看上去那么简单吗？事实上，蜜蜂的数量呈现出两种趋势。)”可知，作者没有完全认同媒体报道，而是客观分析了两种趋势，态度谨慎且平衡。故选B项。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段“In contrast to the declines observed in the West, some Asian countries have experienced stable or even growing bee populations. Several factors contribute to this positive trend: diverse natural landscapes, mild climates, and the expansion of commercial beekeeping. (与西方观察到的下降趋势相反，一些亚洲国家的蜜蜂数量保持稳定甚至增长。有几个因素促成了这一积极趋势：多样化的自然景观、温和的气候以及商业养蜂业的扩张。)”可知，有利的环境和不断发展的养蜂业导致了一些亚洲国家蜜蜂数量的增长。故选C项。 7．推理判断题。根据第三段“While some regions are experiencing alarming losses, others are seeing increases, demonstrating that active and effective measures can lead to positive outcomes. Regions facing declines can stabilize and even restore their bee populations by carrying out stronger conservation policies and sustainable farming practices. (虽然一些地区正在经历惊人的损失，但其他地区却在增加，这表明积极有效的措施可以带来积极的结果。面临下降的地区可以通过实施更有力的保护政策和可持续的农业实践来稳定甚至恢复其蜜蜂种群。)”可知，有针对性的行动有助于扭转负面趋势。故选D项。 8．推理判断题。根据文章内容，文章先指出媒体对蜜蜂数量下降的报道，接着说明全球蜜蜂数量呈现不同趋势，然后提出应对蜜蜂数量下降的措施，最后强调蜜蜂的重要性并呼吁保护蜜蜂。所以作者写这篇文章的主要目的是澄清蜜蜂数量的趋势并提出解决方案。故选C项。 Passage 3 （2026·安徽芜湖·一模）What did you have for breakfast today? And how did you celebrate your last birthday? When you think back to these events, you’re using episode memory (情景记忆) — the ability to recall personal experiences tied to specific times and places. But how does your brain keep these memories separate without mixing them up? Scientists at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in the US believe this is thanks to a“memory reset button” in our brainstem. This small region, called the locus coeruleus (蓝斑核), helps organize and separate our memories. In the study, 36 volunteers took part in a memory task. Lying in an MRI scanner, they were shown a series of pictures of different objects. Meanwhile, several simple tones were played over and over again, first in one ear and then in the other with a different pitch. The pitch change aimed to change the context and create what is known as an event boundary. Event boundaries help the brain organize episode memory by changing our perception and attention. After the experiment, UCLA scientists tested how well the volunteers could recall the order of the pictures. The result showed that it was harder to do when the series of pictures crossed an event boundary. This suggests that changes in sound made the brain store memories separately. What’s more, MRI scans showed that the locus coeruleus became highly active when event boundaries appeared, but not so much otherwise. Earlier research showed that the hippocampus (海马体), helps shape episode memory by both linking events close together in time and separating those further apart. But what tells the hippocampus when to change modes? MRI scans suggest that “the locus coeruleus may provide the critical ‘start’ signal to the hippocampus, as if saying, ‘Hey, we’re in a new event now’,” said Lila Davachi, one of the researchers. The new understanding could lead to better treatment for memory-related problems like Alzheimer’s disease, where the locus coeruleus is overactive. These conditions might be managed by calming the locus coeruleus through medication, slow breathing or even using stress balls. 9．What is the function of the locus coeruleus? A．To create event boundaries. B．To store long-term memories. C．To enhance memory accuracy. D．To help separate memory events. 10．What can be inferred about the “event boundary”? A．It made memory recall easier. B．It broke continuous memory flow. C．It was created by a change in attention. D．It’s controlled only by the hippocampus. 11．What does the author advise people to do about future Alzheimer’s treatment? A．Repair the hippocampus. B．Remove event boundaries. C．Adjust locus coeruleus activity. D．Use MRI scanners almost daily. 12．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．How event boundaries separate daily memories. B．The hippocampus links and separates different events. C．The locus coeruleus helps organize episode memories. D．Sound changes create boundaries between memories. 【答案】9．D 10．B 11．C 12．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍美国研究发现，大脑蓝斑核如同记忆重置键，借助事件边界区分组织情景记忆，并与海马体协作，该发现可为阿尔茨海默病等记忆疾病提供治疗新思路。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“This small region, called the locus coeruleus (蓝斑核), helps organize and separate our memories.(这个被称为“蓝斑核”的小区域，能够帮助我们对记忆进行整理和区分)”可知，蓝斑的作用是有助于区分不同的记忆事件。故选D。 10．推理判断题。根据第三段“The pitch change aimed to change the context and create what is known as an event boundary. Event boundaries help the brain organize episode memory by changing our perception and attention.(这种音调的变化旨在改变语境，并形成所谓的“事件边界”。事件边界能够通过改变我们的感知和注意力，帮助大脑对事件记忆进行组织)”以及第四段“The result showed that it was harder to do when the series of pictures crossed an event boundary. This suggests that changes in sound made the brain store memories separately.(结果表明，当一系列图片跨越了某种事件界限时，完成这项任务就变得更加困难。这表明声音的变化使得大脑将记忆分别进行存储)”可知，“事件边界”中断了连续的记忆流程。故选B。 11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The new understanding could lead to better treatment for memory-related problems like Alzheimer’s disease, where the locus coeruleus is overactive. These conditions might be managed by calming the locus coeruleus through medication, slow breathing or even using stress balls.(这种新的认识可能会为治疗与记忆相关的问题（如阿尔茨海默病）带来更好的方法，因为在这种病症中，蓝斑会过度活跃。对于这类病症，可以通过药物、缓慢呼吸甚至使用减压球等方式来使蓝斑平静下来，从而进行治疗)”可知，作者建议未来阿尔茨海默病的治疗调整蓝斑的活动。故选C。 12．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Scientists at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in the US believe this is thanks to a“memory reset button” in our brainstem. This small region, called the locus coeruleus (蓝斑核), helps organize and separate our memories.(美国加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校（UCLA）的科学家们认为，这要归功于我们脑干中的一个“记忆重置按钮”。这个被称为“蓝斑核”的小区域，能够帮助我们对记忆进行整理和区分)”结合本文介绍美国研究发现，大脑蓝斑核如同记忆重置键，借助事件边界区分组织情景记忆，并与海马体协作，该发现可为阿尔茨海默病等记忆疾病提供治疗新思路。可知，这篇文章主要讲了蓝斑有助于对事件记忆进行整理。故选C。 Passage 4 （2026·安徽芜湖·一模）A few years ago, I had the opportunity to go on a wildlife tour in southern Africa where our spotlight lit up a smaller hunter — African wildcat. The more I thought about those African wildcats, the more I’ve been amazed at their evolutionary (进化的) success. The African wildcat is the ancestor of our beloved household pets. And despite changing very little, their descendants have become among the world’s two most popular companion animals — cats and dogs. Household cats are quite expressive to their human companions, using different meows (喵) to communicate different messages. However, this is not an example of their treating us as part of their kind. Quite the contrary, cats rarely meow to one another. The sound of these meows has evolved to more effectively communicate with us. Cats similarly manipulate people with their purrs (呼噜声). When they want something, they purr extra loudly. And this purr is not the pleasant purring of a content cat, but a higher-pitched electric saw br-rr-oom demanding attention. Scientists digitally compared the sound qualities of the two types of purrs and discovered that the major difference is that the demanding purr includes a part very similar to the sound of a human baby crying. People, of course, are born to pay special attention to this sound, and cats have evolved to take advantage of this sensitivity to get our attention. Of course, that won’t surprise anyone who’s lived with a cat. Although cats are very trainable — they’re very food motivated — cats usually train us more than we train them. As the old saying goes, “Dogs have owners, cats have staff.” 13．What does the underlined word “descendants” mean? A．Relatives. B．Ancestors. C．Previous owners. D．Later generations. 14．What does meowing of household cats indicate? A．It’s a skill they use to communicate with humans. B．It’s a way they communicate with cats. C．It’s less expressive than wildcats’ meowing. D．It indicates cats see humans as their kind. 15．What is the difference between two types of purr? A．The demanding purr is more pleasant. B．The demanding purr sounds like a baby’s cry. C．The content purr sounds like an electric saw. D．The content purr is harder to hear. 16．Which statement is true according to the last paragraph? A．Cats see humans as owners. B．Cats and dogs are equally loyal. C．Humans are like staff to cats. D．Humans train cats more. 【答案】13．D 14．A 15．B 16．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以非洲野猫是家猫的祖先为切入点，介绍了家养猫咪的交流方式，包括不同的喵叫声和呼噜声的进化意义，以及猫咪实则更擅长“训练”人类的有趣特点。 13．词义猜测题。根据第一段第三句“The African wildcat is the ancestor of our beloved household pets. (非洲野猫是我们心爱的家养宠物的祖先)”可知，前半句讲非洲野猫作为祖先几乎无变化，后半句应衔接其“后代”成为家养宠物，“descendants”与“ancestor (祖先)”形成对应，意为“后代”。故选D项。 14．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Household cats are quite expressive to their human companions, using different meows (喵) to communicate different messages. However, this is not an example of their treating us as part of their kind. Quite the contrary, cats rarely meow to one another. The sound of these meows has evolved to more effectively communicate with us.(家猫对人类主人的表达欲十分强烈，会发出不同的叫声来传递不同的信息。但这并不意味着它们将我们视作同类。恰恰相反，猫咪之间极少会互相叫唤，这些叫声是为了更有效地与人类沟通而慢慢演化形成的)”可知，家养猫咪的喵叫声并非用于同类交流，而是进化后和人类交流的技能。故选A项。 15．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Scientists digitally compared the sound qualities of the two types of purrs and discovered that the major difference is that the demanding purr includes a part very similar to the sound of a human baby crying.(科学家通过数字手段对比了两种呼噜声的音质，发现主要区别在于带有诉求的呼噜声中有一部分和人类婴儿的哭声非常相似)”可知，文中提到带有诉求的呼噜声是类似电锯的尖锐声音，并非令人愉悦的，而满足的呼噜声是令人愉悦的。故选B项。 16．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Of course, that won’t surprise anyone who’s lived with a cat. Although cats are very trainable — they’re very food motivated — cats usually train us more than we train them. As the old saying goes, “Dogs have owners, cats have staff.”(当然，和猫咪一起生活过的人对此都不会感到意外。猫咪其实很容易训练——它们会被食物所驱动——但通常都是猫咪在训练我们，而非我们训练它们。就像那句老话所说：“狗有主人，猫有铲屎官。”)” 可知，猫咪将人类当作为其服务的“铲屎官”；文中表明狗有主人，而猫并非将人类视为主人，且未提及猫狗的忠诚度对比，同时明确说明猫咪更擅长训练人类，并非人类训练猫咪更多。故选C项。 Passage 5 （2026·安徽淮北·一模）According to a recent discovery, a female mosquito’s blood-sucking feeding tube (口器) makes for a great high-resolution 3D printer spray tip. A team of researchers at McGill University in Montréal was looking for ideas to create a tiny, low-cost, and sustainable 3D printing tip, and this mosquito body part seems to be almost perfect for the job. TechXplore reports that these tips can be used for 3D printing extremely fine objects, with smooth surfaces, ideal for air and space industries, dentistry, and biomedical research. Such high-precision 3D printing tips usually come at a high cost. The source suggests they are typically priced at around $80 per tip. Moreover, current commercial tips that meet this standard are made of either non-biodegradable plastic or metal. We’ve seen plenty of interesting bio-inspired technologies ahead of this new method from McGill. But this new printing method is not simply bio-inspired but reuses natural body parts. The researchers studied other biological donors before settling on the mosquito. Stingers from bees, sharp teeth from snakes, water-carrying tubes in plants, and even tiny needles from insects like snails were alternative high-resolution 3D printing options, but the female mosquito’s feeding tube won the day. The female mosquito’s tube has many qualities that make it well-suited for 3D printing. According to the researchers, its inner width is just 20 micrometers. This is 100% finer than the best human-made tips. These biodegradable tips are also remarkably straight, and stable. However, printing tips are improved by using 3D-printed supporting structures to help fix the problem of low mechanical strength. The McGill scientists said their work paves the way for fresh advances in manufacturing and micro-engineering supported by 3D printing. They haven’t settled yet, though, and will continue to look into other natural options for stronger and finer 3D printing tips. 17．Why did the researchers explore mosquito body parts? A．To test insects’ biological functions. B．To reduce the use of metal materials. C．To design a more affordable 3D printer. D．To develop a 3D printer that works fast. 18．What is the purpose of mentioning other animals in paragraph 3? A．To demonstrate the biodiversity in nature. B．To explain how insects are used in engineering. C．To compare the feeding habits of different animals. D．To highlight the process of selecting the final solution. 19．What feature makes the mosquito’s tube suitable for 3D printing? A．Its ability to change shape freely. B．Its particularly narrow inner width. C．Its resistance to severe temperatures. D．Its naturally high mechanical strength. 20．What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the research? A．It has already reached its final stage. B．It no longer relies on biological materials. C．It will soon replace commercial printing tips. D．It could open doors to new fine-scale manufacturing. 【答案】17．C 18．D 19．B 20．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了研究发现雌性蚊子的口器可作为高精度 3D 打印机喷头，其精细度优于人造喷头，可降解且低成本，经改进后适用多领域，研究团队仍在探索更优天然选项。 17．细节理解题。根据第一段“A team of researchers at McGill University in Montréal was looking for ideas to create a tiny, low-cost, and sustainable 3D printing tip, and this mosquito body part seems to be almost perfect for the job.(蒙特利尔麦吉尔大学的一组研究人员正在寻找方法来制造一种小巧、成本低廉且可持续的 3D 打印头，而这种蚊子的身体部位似乎非常适合这项任务)”可知，研究人员探究蚊子的身体部位是为了设计一款价格更亲民的3D打印机。故选C。 18．推理判断题。根据第三段“The researchers studied other biological donors before settling on the mosquito. Stingers from bees, sharp teeth from snakes, water-carrying tubes in plants, and even tiny needles from insects like snails were alternative high-resolution 3D printing options, but the female mosquito’s feeding tube won the day.(研究人员在选定蚊子作为生物供体之前，还研究了其他一些生物供体。蜜蜂的刺、蛇的尖牙、植物中的输水管道，甚至蜗牛等昆虫身上的微小针头，都是其他高分辨率 3D 打印的替代选择，但雌性蚊子的吸食管最终胜出)”可知，在第三段中提及其他动物的目的是强调选择最终解决方案的过程。故选D。 19．细节理解题。根据第四段“According to the researchers, its inner width is just 20 micrometers. This is 100% finer than the best human-made tips.(据研究人员介绍，其内部宽度仅为20微米。这比目前人类制造的最细的尖端还要细100%)”可知，内部极窄的宽度特性使得蚊子的管状结构适合进行3D打印。故选B。 20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The McGill scientists said their work paves the way for fresh advances in manufacturing and micro-engineering supported by 3D printing. They haven’t settled yet, though, and will continue to look into other natural options for stronger and finer 3D printing tips.(麦吉尔大学的科学家们表示，他们的研究为基于 3D 打印技术的制造业和微工程领域的新突破铺平了道路。不过，他们目前尚未得出最终结论，还将继续探索其他天然材料作为更坚固、更精细的 3D 打印针头的替代方案)”可知，这项研究有可能为新型精细制造技术打开新的应用空间。故选D。 Passage 6 （2026·安徽合肥·一模）A recent study by NYU Abu Dhabi reveals that space rays, high-energy particles (粒子) from space, may generate the energy necessary to support underground life on planets and moons in our solar system. This discovery challenges the long-held belief that life can only live near sunlight or volcanic heat. The research, published in the International Journal of Astrobiology and led by Dimitra Atri, shows that space rays are not always harmful. In fact, they can help microscopic life (微生物)  survive. When space rays hit underground water or ice, they break water molecules (分子) apart, releasing electrons (电子). On Earth, some bacteria can use these electrons for energy, just as plants use sunlight. This process, called radiolysis (辐射分解), can sustain life in dark and cold places without sunlight. Using computers, the researchers explored how much energy this process could generate on Mars and the icy moons of Jupiter and Saturn. These moons are thought to have hidden water beneath their thick ice layers. The study found that Saturn’s moon Enceladus has the greatest potential to support life through radiolysis, followed by Mars and Jupiter’s moon Europa. “This discovery changes the way we think about where life might exist,” said Atri. “Instead of looking only for warm planets with sunlight, we can now consider places that are cold and dark, as long as they have some water beneath the surface and are exposed to space rays. Life might be able to survive in more places than we ever imagined.” The study also introduces the concept of the Radiolytic Habitable Zone, which is different from the traditional “Goldilocks Zone”. Since space rays are widespread in space, there may be many more life-supporting places in the universe. The findings provide new guidance for future space missions. Instead of only looking for signs of life on the surface, scientists might also explore underground environments on Mars and the icy moons, using tools that can detect chemical energy created by space radiation. This research opens up exciting new possibilities in the search for life beyond Earth and suggests that even the coldest and darkest corners of the solar system could harbor life. 21．What common sense does the NYU study mainly challenge? A．Space rays have caused great harm. B．Life merely depends on solar energy. C．Alien life really exists on other planets. D．Volcanic heat is needed on icy moons. 22．How does radiolysis help sustain life? A．By generating light needed by life. B．By reflecting sunlight to water below icy layers. C．By separating water molecules to free electrons. D．By making dark and frozen areas warmer. 23．What does the underlined word “harbor” in the last paragraph mean? A．Control, B．Hide. C．Extend. D．Transform. 24．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Space Rays Provide Energy for Hidden Life. B．Icy Moons Hold More Water Than Mars. C．Volcanic Heat Is No Longer Needed for Life. D．Goldilocks Zone Is Redefined by Sunlight. 【答案】21．B 22．C 23．B 24．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了纽约大学阿布扎比分校的一项研究表明来自太空的高能粒子——空间射线，可能为太阳系内行星和卫星的地下生命提供必要的能量，这一发现挑战了传统观念，并为未来太空任务提供了新方向。 21．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This discovery challenges the long-held belief that life can only live near sunlight or volcanic heat.(这一发现打破了长期以来的认知——生命只能在阳光或火山热源附近存活)”可知，这项研究挑战了生命只能依赖太阳或火山热源这一传统观念，也就是挑战了生命仅仅依赖于太阳能这一观念。故选B项。 22．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When space rays hit underground water or ice, they break water molecules (分子) apart, releasing electrons (电子). On Earth, some bacteria can use these electrons for energy, just as plants use sunlight. This process, called radiolysis (辐射分解), can sustain life in dark and cold places without sunlight.(当宇宙射线撞击地下水源或冰层时，会分解水分子并释放电子。在地球上，某些细菌能像植物利用阳光那样，通过这些电子获取能量。这种被称为“辐射分解”的过程，能在黑暗寒冷、没有阳光的环境中维系生命)”可知，辐射分解通过分解水分子释放电子，为微生物提供能量，从而维持生命。故选C项。 23．词句猜测题。根据划线词前文“This research opens up exciting new possibilities in the search for life beyond Earth and suggests that even the coldest and darkest corners of the solar system could harbor life.(这项研究为在地球以外寻找生命开辟了令人兴奋的新可能性，并表明即使是太阳系中最冷、最黑暗的角落也可能harbor生命)”可知，这项研究为在地球以外寻找生命开辟了令人兴奋的新可能性，表明即使是太阳系中最冷、最黑暗的角落也可能藏有生命，由此可知，划线词harbor意为“藏有”，与B项“Hide”意思相近。故选B项。 24．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“A recent study by NYU Abu Dhabi reveals that space rays, high-energy particles (粒子) from space, may generate the energy necessary to support underground life on planets and moons in our solar system.(纽约大学阿布扎比分校最近的一项研究表明，来自太空的高能粒子——空间射线，可能会产生支持我们太阳系内行星和卫星上地下生命所需的能量)”可知，文章主要介绍了纽约大学阿布扎比分校的一项研究表明来自太空的高能粒子——空间射线，可能为太阳系内行星和卫星的地下生命提供必要的能量，故A项“Space Rays Provide Energy for Hidden Life(空间射线为隐藏的生命提供能量)”概括了文章的主要内容，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 Passage 7 （2025·安徽合肥·一模）It might surprise you to learn that dogs are playing an increasingly important role as conservationists. For centuries, they have been known as man’s best friends. Now, their unique abilities are being used to help protect some of the world’s most threatened species. Quick and loyal, dogs possess many qualities that make them ideal for fieldwork, but it’s their extraordinary sense of smell that makes them invaluable for conservation work. With around 220 million olfactory receptors(嗅觉受体)compared to just 5 million in humans, dogs can detect scents(气味)and analyze them with astonishing accuracy, devoting 40 times more of their brain to scent analysis than we do. Thanks to this incredible ability, some dogs are now being trained to save at-risk animals by sniffing(嗅)out their droppings. At the University of Washington’s Conservation Canines facility, 20 specially trained dogs have successfully tracked killer whale droppings, which only float briefly on the ocean’s surface. Analyzing these samples enables scientists to monitor the health of killer whale populations, which are under significant stress from food shortages, pollution, and boat traffic. Beyond tracking animal droppings, conservation dogs are also trained for live animal detection, further showcasing their abilities. They can locate rare species in their natural habitats. Additionally, they are now used to tackle the non-native species that threaten the survival of the local wildlife. Dogs also take on other important roles. For example, at Kenya’s Mombasa port, dogs sniff out illegal wildlife products such as rhino horns and ivory. Across Africa, they work on the frontlines against illegal hunting, serving as a powerful security force enhancer. While dogs may not be the ultimate solution to every conservation challenge, their incomparable abilities make them invaluable companions in the fight to protect our planet’s biodiversity. 25．Why are the figures mentioned in the second paragraph? A．To highlight the superiority of dogs’ sense of smell. B．To suggest the amazing accuracy of dogs’ analysis. C．To recognize the importance of conservation work. D．To show dogs’ impressive achievements in fieldwork. 26．How do dogs help protect killer whales? A．By tracking their movements. B．By detecting their droppings. C．By monitoring their populations. D．By analyzing the collected samples. 27．What can we learn from the example given in Paragraph 4? A．Wildlife products are popular in African countries. B．Non-native species affect the survival of local wildlife. C．Dogs are used to detect and prevent illegal wildlife trade. D．Dogs can accurately locate the natural habitats of rare species. 28．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To appeal to people to protect biodiversity. B．To report various environmental challenges. C．To introduce dogs’ roles in conservation efforts. D．To prove the conventional claim of dogs’ qualities. 【答案】25．A 26．B 27．C 28．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍狗狗凭借独特能力在保护生物多样性等环保工作中发挥的重要作用。 25．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Quick and loyal, dogs possess many qualities that make them ideal for fieldwork, but it’s their extraordinary sense of smell that makes them invaluable for conservation work. With around 220 million olfactory receptors(嗅觉受体)compared to just 5 million in humans, dogs can detect scents(气味)and analyze them with astonishing accuracy, devoting 40 times more of their brain to scent analysis than we do. (狗狗敏捷又忠诚，拥有多种适合野外工作的特质，但正是它们非凡的嗅觉让它们在环保工作中价值连城。狗狗拥有约2.2亿个嗅觉受体，而人类只有500万个；它们投入到气味分析的大脑区域是人类的40倍，因此能以惊人的准确度探测和分析气味。)”可知，第二段提及的数据（狗狗与人类嗅觉受体数量、大脑用于气味分析的占比），是为了突出狗狗嗅觉的优越性。故选A项。 26．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thanks to this incredible ability, some dogs are now being trained to save at-risk animals by sniffing(嗅)out their droppings. At the University of Washington’s Conservation Canines facility, 20 specially trained dogs have successfully tracked killer whale droppings, which only float briefly on the ocean’s surface. (凭借这种惊人的能力，一些狗狗如今接受训练，通过嗅探濒危动物的粪便来拯救它们。在华盛顿大学的‘环保犬’机构，20只经过特殊训练的狗狗成功追踪到了虎鲸的粪便——这些粪便仅会在海洋表面短暂漂浮。)”可知，狗狗通过探测虎鲸的粪便来帮助保护虎鲸。故选B项。 27．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For example, at Kenya’s Mombasa port, dogs sniff out illegal wildlife products such as rhino horns and ivory. Across Africa, they work on the frontlines against illegal hunting, serving as a powerful security force enhancer. (例如，在肯尼亚的蒙巴萨港，狗狗会嗅出犀牛角、象牙等非法野生动物制品。在非洲各地，它们奋战在打击非法狩猎的前线，成为强有力的安全力量助力者。)”可知，该例子说明狗狗被用于探测和阻止非法野生动物交易。故选C项。 28．推理判断题。通读全文，第一段指出“狗狗在环保工作中发挥日益重要的作用”，随后段落分别介绍狗狗的嗅觉优势、通过嗅探粪便保护濒危动物、探测活体动物及打击非法野生动物交易等具体作用，最后总结狗狗在保护生物多样性中的价值。由此可知，作者写作本文的目的是介绍狗狗在环保工作中的作用。故选C项。 Passage 8 （20260·安徽亳州·一模）A team of scientists from the University of Plymouth in the UK placed radishes (a type of vegetable) into a water-based system containing nanoplastic particles (纳米塑料微粒). After five days, almost 5% of the nanoplastics had made their way into the radish roots. A quarter of those were in the safe-to-eat, fleshy roots, while a tenth had traveled up to the higher leafy shoots, despite built-in features within the plants that typically screen harmful material from the soil. Plants have a layer within their roots called the Casparian strip (凯氏带), which should act as a form of filter (过滤) against particles, many of which can be harmful. This is the first time that a study has demonstrated nanoplastic particles could get beyond that protective barrier, with the potential for them to build up within plants and be passed on to anything that consumes them. The findings suggest even fresh, healthy food products can contain millions of tiny plastic pieces per bite, many as small as a millionth of a centimeter. There are some limitations to the study, as it didn’t use a real-world farming setup. The amount of plastics in the liquid is higher than that in soil, and only one type of plastic and one kind of vegetable were tested. Nevertheless, the basic principle stands: The smallest plastic nanoparticles can apparently pass through protective barriers in plants, and from there into the food we eat. Given the rapid spread of plastic pollution, this could be happening globally on the largest possible scale. There is no reason to believe this is unique to this vegetable, with the clear possibility that nanoplastics are being absorbed into various types of produce being grown all over the world. “This study provides clear evidence that particles in the environment can build up not only in seafood but also in vegetables,” says marine biologist Richard Thompson. “Moreover, this work contributes to our understanding of build-up and the potentially harmful effects of microparticles and nanoparticles on human health.” 29．What is the function of the Casparian strip? A．It stores water for plants during dry periods. B．It serves as a barrier against harmful particles. C．It produces chemicals to fight against diseases. D．It helps plants absorb nutrients more efficiently. 30．What limitation of the study is mentioned in the text? A．The researchers used unrealistic plastic amount. B．The scientists tested too many types of vegetables. C．The plastic particles were too small to detect easily. D．The experiment lasted for an insufficient time period. 31．What is Richard Thompson’s attitude towards the research? A．Dismissive. B．Tolerant. C．Critical. D．Favorable. 32．Which would be the most suitable title for the text? A．The Severity of Food Safety Issues B．A Breakthrough in Agricultural Technology C．How Plastic Particles Enter Our Food Chain D．What the Most Plastic-Resistant Vegetable Is 【答案】29．B 30．A 31．D 32．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国普利茅斯大学的一项研究，发现纳米塑料微粒能够突破植物根部的凯氏带屏障进入食用部分，并通过食物链传递，进而探讨了其对全球食品安全和人类健康的潜在影响。 29．细节理解题。根据第2段中“Plants have a layer within their roots called the Casparian strip, which should act as a form of filter against particles, many of which can be harmful.(植物的根部有一层名为凯氏带的结构，它本应充当抵御微粒的过滤器，其中许多微粒都具有危害性。)”可知，凯氏带的作用是作为抵御有害微粒的屏障。故选B。 30．细节理解题。根据第3段中“There are some limitations to the study, as it didn’t use a real-world farming setup. The amount of plastics in the liquid is higher than that in soil(这项研究存在一些局限性，因为它并未采用现实中的农业种植环境，实验液体中的塑料含量高于土壤中的含量)”可知，该研究的局限性之一是研究人员使用了不切实际的塑料含量。故选A。 31．推理判断题。根据第5段中“‘This study provides clear evidence that particles in the environment can build up not only in seafood but also in vegetables,’ says marine biologist Richard Thompson. ‘Moreover, this work contributes to our understanding of build-up and the potentially harmful effects of microparticles and nanoparticles on human health.’(海洋生物学家理查德·汤普森说：‘这项研究提供了明确的证据，证明环境中的微粒不仅会在海产品中累积，也会在蔬菜中累积。此外，这项研究有助于我们了解微塑料和纳米塑料的累积情况，以及它们对人类健康可能产生的有害影响。’)”可知，理查德·汤普森对这项研究持认可、支持的态度。故选D。 32．主旨大意题。根据第1段中“After five days, almost 5% of the nanoplastics had made their way into the radish roots. A quarter of those were in the safe-to-eat, fleshy roots, while a tenth had traveled up to the higher leafy shoots(五天后，近5%的纳米塑料进入了萝卜根。其中四分之一是在可以安全食用的肉质根部，而十分之一是在更高的叶芽上)”实验发现纳米塑料微粒进入萝卜根部、可食用部分和茎叶，第4段中“the smallest plastic nanoparticles can apparently pass through protective barriers in plants, and from there into the food we eat(最小的塑料纳米微粒显然能穿过植物的保护屏障，并由此进入我们所食用的食物)”以及全文围绕纳米塑料微粒如何进入植物、进而进入人类食物展开介绍可知，“塑料微粒如何进入我们的食物链”最适合作为文章标题。故选C。 Passage 9 （2026·安徽宣城·一模）According to new data from the online reservation service company Resy, 90% of Generation Z (Gen Z) diners say they enjoy shared tables, compared to just 60% of boomers, who were born after World War II, highlighting a generational revival of one of the restaurant world’s most controversial trends: seating multiple groups of diners together at large dining tables. For a generation raised online but hungry for real-world connection, sharing a table with strangers has become less about awkward closeness and more about the promise of controlled socialization, and the potential for a new friend - or even a date. “Shared plates have become the new standard, especially among Gen Z, and shared tables are the perfect setting for that-they naturally turn dinner into a shared experience,” Pablo Rivero, CEO of Resy and Tock and Senior Vice President of Global Dining at American Express, said. “You never know who you’ll be seated next to; that’s the fun of it!” Resy’s report found 63% of the surveyed feel that shared tables are great for meeting new people, with half saying they’ve had interesting conversations with someone they otherwise wouldn’t have spoken to while dining with strangers. One in three said they’d met a new friend this way, and one in seven said they’d landed a date. Shared dining has long split the room-literally. For some diners, the idea of brushing elbows with strangers feels less like simple charm and more like a social anxiety experiment, but not everyone sees it that way. “You are benefiting, because it’s a group conversation, and you can add to that conversation in a safer way,” Della Penna said. “It’s especially comforting for some of those folks who may have felt like they don’t have the social skills, or are a bit shyer, or have been kind of digital-only for so long. It’s a safe step back to connecting and being social where you don’t have the heavy weight of carrying the entire conversation.” 33．What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A．A company leads global promotion of shared tables worldwide. B．Generational comeback of shared tables, Gen Z vs boomers. C．Gen Z prefers online reservations over traditional ones. D．All diners widely accept shared tables as standard. 34．What makes shared tables attractive to Gen Z? A．Creating a chance for social connection. B．Helping restaurants operate efficiently. C．Offering a private dining experience. D．Reducing the expense of a meal. 35．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 5? A．The social anxiety experience. B．The simple charm of shared dining. C．The idea of eating close to strangers. D．The physical division of the dining room. 36．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Boomers Lead Communal Dining Comeback. B．Shared Tables Become Popular Among Gen Z. C．Young Diners Lose Traditional Table Manners. D．Online Reservations Change Restaurant Culture. 【答案】33．B 34．A 35．C 36．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了共享餐桌这一在餐饮界颇具争议的趋势在不同代际间的接受程度，重点阐述了共享餐桌在Z世代中受欢迎的原因。 33．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“90% of Generation Z (Gen Z) diners say they enjoy shared tables, compared to just 60% of boomers, who were born after World War II, highlighting a generational revival of one of the restaurant world’s most controversial trends: seating multiple groups of diners together at large dining tables.(90%的Z世代食客表示他们喜欢共享餐桌，而二战后出生的婴儿潮一代中只有60%喜欢，这凸显了餐饮界最具争议的趋势之一——让多组食客在大餐桌旁共同就餐，在不同代际间的复兴)”可知，作者在第一段指出了共享餐桌在不同代际（Z世代与婴儿潮一代）之间的回归现象。故选B项。 34．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For a generation raised online but hungry for real-world connection, sharing a table with strangers has become less about awkward closeness and more about the promise of controlled socialization, and the potential for a new friend - or even a date.(对于在网络环境中长大但渴望现实世界联系的一代人来说，与陌生人共享餐桌不再仅仅是尴尬的近距离接触，更多的是一种有节制的社交机会，以及结交新朋友甚至约会的可能性)”可知，共享餐桌对Z世代有吸引力是因为它创造了社交联系的机会。故选A项。 35．词句猜测题。根据第五段中的“For some diners, the idea of brushing elbows with strangers feels less like simple charm and more like a social anxiety experiment, but not everyone sees it that way.(对于一些食客来说，与陌生人紧挨着用餐的想法与其说有一种简单的魅力，倒不如说是一场社交焦虑实验，但并非每个人都这么看待它)”可知，这里的“it”指代前文提到的“与陌生人紧挨着用餐的想法”。故选C项。 36．主旨大意题。文章开篇通过数据对比指出Z世代和婴儿潮一代对共享餐桌接受程度的差异，接着阐述共享餐桌对Z世代的吸引力，即创造社交机会等，所以文章主要围绕共享餐桌在Z世代中受欢迎展开。B选项“Shared Tables Become Popular Among Gen Z.”（共享餐桌在Z世代中变得流行）适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 Passage 1 （2026·安徽宣城·一模）Urban heat islands (UHIs) have become a pressing environmental challenge as cities expand rapidly worldwide. These phenomena occur when built up areas — with concrete roads, glass skyscrapers, and minimal green space-trap more heat than surrounding rural regions, raising urban temperatures by 2 to 8 degrees Celsius. A 2024 study published in Sustainable Cities and Society tracked 50 major cities across Asia, Europe, and North America, finding that UHIs not only worsen heatwaves but also increase energy consumption for air conditioning by 30%on average, making carbon emissions worse. However, innovative urban planning is proving effective in easing this issue. The Chinese city of Shenzhen has pioneered a “sponge city green corridor” model, integrating rooftop gardens, vertical forests on the outside of buildings, and pavements that let rainwater sink into the ground. Over the past five years, these measures have reduced local temperatures by 1.5 degrees and cut urban runoff by 40% during heavy rains. Similarly, Copenhagen’s “cool neighborhoods” project replaced asphalt (沥青) with light-colored, heat-reflective materials and expanded community parks, lowering summer temperatures in targeted areas by 2 degrees while improving residents’ mental health, according to post-project surveys. The key to success lies in balancing infrastructure development with ecological conservation. Researchers emphasize that native plant species are particularly crucial-they require less water, support local biodiversity, and absorb more heat than non-local plants. Moreover, community participation plays a vital role: in Berlin, residents’ initiatives to convert vacant lots into urban gardens have created over 120 small green spaces, each contributing to UHI reduction while fostering social connections. As cities continue to grow, addressing urban heat islands is no longer optional but essential for sustainable development. The solutions — rooted in green infrastructure, smart design, and community engagement-demonstrate that environmental protection and urbanization can coexist harmoniously. By learning from successful cases worldwide, cities can turn the challenge of UHIs into an opportunity to build healthier, more resilient living spaces. 37．What is the main cause of urban heat islands? A．Excessive use of air conditioning. B．Light-colored reflective materials. C．Waste gases from vehicles and factories. D．Lack of green space and overbuilt areas. 38．How does Shenzhen reduce urban heat islands? A．By expanding rural areas around the city. B．By establishing more high-rise buildings. C．By using new heat-reflective materials on roads. D．By doing more greening and better water management. 39．Why are native plant species recommended for urban greening? A．Because they are more affordable to maintain. B．Because they grow faster than non-local plants. C．Because they adapt better and absorb more heat. D．Because they attract more community participation. 40．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Growth and green goals can go together. B．Cities must stop growing to save nature. C．Few cities succeed in fixing urban heat islands. D．Community involvement solves urban heat issues. 【答案】37．D 38．D 39．C 40．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍随着全球城市快速扩张，城市热岛效应成为紧迫的环境挑战，阐述其成因、危害，以及一些城市应对该问题的有效措施和成功经验。 37．细节理解题。根据第一段“These phenomena occur when built up areas — with concrete roads, glass skyscrapers, and minimal green space-trap more heat than surrounding rural regions, raising urban temperatures by 2 to 8 degrees Celsius. (当建筑密集区域——拥有混凝土道路、玻璃摩天大楼和极少的绿地——比周边农村地区吸收更多热量，使城市气温升高2至8摄氏度时，就会出现这些现象。)”可知，城市热岛效应的主要成因是建筑密集区域多、绿地少。故选D。 38．细节理解题。根据第二段“The Chinese city of Shenzhen has pioneered a ‘sponge city green corridor’ model, integrating rooftop gardens, vertical forests on the outside of buildings, and pavements that let rainwater sink into the ground. (中国深圳市开创了“海绵城市绿色廊道”模式，整合了屋顶花园、建筑外墙垂直森林以及能让雨水渗入地下的人行道。)”可知，深圳通过打造海绵城市绿色廊道，增加绿化并优化雨水管理来缓解城市热岛效应。故选D。 39．细节理解题。根据第三段“Researchers emphasize that native plant species are particularly crucial-they require less water, support local biodiversity, and absorb more heat than non-local plants. (研究人员强调，本地植物物种尤为关键——它们比外来植物需水量更少、支持本地生物多样性且吸收更多热量。)”可知，推荐本地植物是因为它们更适应环境、需水量少且能吸收更多热量。故选C。 40．推理判断题。根据文中最后一段内容“The solutions — rooted in green infrastructure, smart design, and community engagement-demonstrate that environmental protection and urbanization can coexist harmoniously. (这些解决方案——植根于绿色基础设施、智能设计和社区参与——表明环境保护与城市化可以和谐共存。)”可知，作者意在表明城市发展与环保绿色目标可以共存。故选A。 Passage 2 （2026·安徽蚌埠·一模）New Year’s gifts may contain more surprises than usual this year, as children open presents that can talk back. Toymakers in China have declared 2025 the year of artificial intelligence (AI) and are producing robots and teddies that can teach, play and tell stories. Older children, meanwhile, are glued to viral AI videos and AI-enhanced games. At school, many are being taught with materials created with tools like ChatGPT. Some are even learning alongside chatbot-assistants. In work and play, AI is remaking the very nature of childhood. AI promises every child the kind of upbringing previously available only to the rich, with private assistants, personalised courses and tailored entertainment. Children can listen to songs composed for them, read stories in which they star, play video games that adapt to their skill level and have chatbot friends cheering them on. A childhood fit for a king could become universal. Yet this future is filled with both opportunities and hidden traps: a tailored upbringing may lead to loneliness and isolation (孤立). What’s more, as their subjects often find out, it can create adults who are ill-equipped for real life. As AI changes childhood for better and for worse, society must rethink the business of growing up. Being brought up by robots has advantages. Tech firms are already showing how AI can enhance learning, especially where teachers and materials are scarce. Early trials have shown it improves language skills significantly. AI assistants free students from one-size-fits-all classes, where bright pupils grow bored and struggling ones fall behind; AI can even rewrite complex content into cartoons or songs for 8-year-old learners. Yet there are well-publicised risks in letting children loose on an evolving technology. Toys can go off the rail; children can easily misuse AI. Worse still, the technology quickly learns what its master likes and shows more of it. One-sided relationships with chatbots present a similar risk. AI companions that never criticise, nor share feelings of their own, are a poor preparation for dealing with imperfect humans. Some basic counter-measures are urgent. Parents should think twice before entrusting their child to a machine; chatbots should have age restrictions; However, the longer-term challenge is to think deeply about how to preserve the socialisation that AI could take out of children’s lives. Schools are the best place to do this. They should take advantage of personalised teaching where it is proven to work. But they must also redouble efforts to teach things that a robot can’t: to debate, to disagree and to get along with — perhaps even to appreciate — people who are not as sycophantic (阿谀) as a chatbot. 41．Why are several examples cited in paragraph 1? A．To label 2025 as the first year of AI. B．To demonstrate AI’s widespread existence. C．To emphasize academic and leisure activities. D．To exhibit the technological advance AI brings. 42．What does the author think of the AI-supported childhood? A．It limits children’s range of choices. B．It may cause drawbacks in adulthood. C．It is only available to the privileged class. D．It enables children to become kings in future. 43．What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Training chatbots. B．Entrusting AI machines. C．Keeping personal interactions. D．Lifting age restrictions. 44．What is the best title for the text? A．AI is Rewiring Childhood B．AI Helps Children Grow Healthily C．AI is Promising a Bright Future D．AI Becomes an Ideal companion 【答案】41．B 42．B 43．C 44．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述AI正全面融入儿童的生活与学习，既带来个性化成长的机遇，也存在孤独、适应力不足等风险，社会、家庭和学校需共同应对，守护孩子的健康成长。 41．推理判断题。根据第一段“New Year’s gifts may contain more surprises than usual this year, as children open presents that can talk back. Toymakers in China have declared 2025 the year of artificial intelligence (AI) and are producing robots and teddies that can teach, play and tell stories. Older children, meanwhile, are glued to viral AI videos and AI-enhanced games. At school, many are being taught with materials created with tools like ChatGPT. Some are even learning alongside chatbot-assistants. In work and play, AI is remaking the very nature of childhood.(今年的新年礼物或许会比往年藏着更多惊喜，因为孩子们拆开的礼物能跟他们对话。中国的玩具厂商已将 2025 年定为人工智能元年，纷纷推出会教学、能陪玩、还能讲故事的机器人与泰迪熊。与此同时，稍大一点的孩子则沉迷于刷屏的AI短视频和AI增强版游戏。在学校里，许多教材和学习资料都是借助ChatGPT这类工具生成的，有些孩子甚至在AI聊天助手的陪伴下学习。无论是娱乐还是学习，AI正在重塑童年的本质。)”可知，第一段列举礼物、玩具、视频、游戏、学校教学等多个例子，是为了说明AI在儿童生活中广泛存在。故选B项。 42．细节理解题。根据第二段“Yet this future is filled with both opportunities and hidden traps: a tailored upbringing may lead to loneliness and isolation (孤立). What’s more, as their subjects often find out, it can create adults who are ill-equipped for real life. As AI changes childhood for better and for worse, society must rethink the business of growing up.(然而，这样的未来既充满机遇，也暗藏隐患：量身定制的成长环境，反而可能导致孤独与隔阂。更重要的是，正如人们常常发现的那样，它可能会造就一批难以适应现实生活的成年人。AI正在或好或坏地改变着童年，整个社会都必须重新思考成长这件事。)”可知，作者认为人工智能支持下的童年可能给成年后的生活带来弊端。故选B项。 43．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“However, the longer-term challenge is to think deeply about how to preserve the socialisation that AI could take out of children’s lives. Schools are the best place to do this. (然而，更长期的挑战是深入思考如何保留AI可能从孩子生活中夺走的社交能力。学校是做到这一点的最佳场所。)”可知，“this”指代保留社交互动、人际交往。故选C项。 44．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In work and play, AI is remaking the very nature of childhood.(在学习和娱乐中，AI正在重塑童年的本质。)”以及全文围绕AI给童年带来的机遇、风险与应对措施展开可知，文章主要讲AI正在重塑童年的本质，所以A项AI is Rewiring Childhood(AI正在重塑童年)符合文意。故选A项。 Passage 3 （2026·安徽亳州·一模）Engineers at the University of Massachusetts have developed an artificial neuron (神经元) like no other. In experiments, their newly created model was able to directly communicate with a biological neuron in a remarkably lifelike, quiet way. The cell-to-cell flow of electrical information involves the same voltage (电压) and energy consumption as natural neuron communication. The breakthrough is a first in the field, somewhat reducing the distance between our brains and our computers. Scientists have been developing artificial brain cells and connecting them to complex machines for years now, but their simple functions pale in comparison to those in our brains. This newest creation is closer than ever to imitating the real thing. “Previous versions of artificial neurons used10 times more voltage — and 100 times more power — than the one we have created,” says engineer Jun Yao. That’s like an artificial neuron “screaming” at the top of its lungs to a typical human neuron. All that hollering takes a lot of energy, and if it’s too loud, the receiver may be overwhelmed and miss the key of the message. What Yao has created is an artificial neuron that essentially can “whisper” to a natural one. “Ours registers only 0.1 volts, which is about the same as the neurons in our bodies,” says Yao. Other scientists have gotten artificial neurons to communicate with real brain cells in less natural ways — for example, through the use of light. But this new breakthrough copies a more conventional system. The key in this case was to use protein nanowires (纳米线) grown by bacteria. Because these structures are naturally obtained, they can survive in wet environments like real neurons. Models like these advance the potential for neuromorphic integration. We currently have all kinds of wearable electronic sensing systems, but they are comparatively awkward and inefficient. Every time they sense a signal from our body, they have to electrically strengthen it so that a computer can analyze it. That intermediate step of strengthening increases both power consumption and the circuit’s complexity, but sensors built with the low-voltage neurons could do without any strengthening at all. 45．How does the new artificial neuron compare with natural ones? A．It’s less likely to collapse. B．It’s more complex. C．It consumes more energy. D．It shows equal efficiency. 46．What does the underlined word “hollering” in paragraph 3 most likely mean? A．Whispering. B．Shouting. C．Speeding. D．Waiting. 47．Which is a crucial factor in the breakthrough? A．The use of protein nanowires grown by bacteria. B．The development of new computer programming methods. C．The discovery of how to use light for neuron communication. D．The invention of special strengthening equipment for signals. 48．What future application is suggested for the new neurons? A．Faster computer games. B．Smaller smartphones. C．Better wearable devices. D．Brighter screens. 【答案】45．D 46．B 47．A 48．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了马萨诸塞大学工程师开发出的一种新型人工神经元，其电压与能耗均与生物神经元相当，实现了更自然、高效的“细胞间”通信，并展望了其在可穿戴设备等领域的应用潜力。 45．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The cell-to-cell flow of electrical information involves the same voltage and energy consumption as natural neuron communication.(细胞间的电流信息传输涉及与自然神经元通信相同的电压和能量消耗。)”可知，新型人工神经元与自然神经元在电压和能耗上一致，体现出同等的效率。故选D。 46．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“That’s like an artificial neuron ‘screaming’ at the top of its lungs to a typical human neuron. All that hollering takes a lot of energy.(这就像一个人工神经元对着人类普通神经元‘大声尖叫’。所有这些……需要大量能量)”可知，hollering与前文的screaming表意一致，意为“叫嚷、大喊”。故选B。 47．细节理解题。根据第五段中“The key in this case was to use protein nanowires grown by bacteria.(此次突破的关键在于使用了由细菌培育的蛋白质纳米线。)”可知，该突破的核心关键因素是细菌培育的蛋白质纳米线的使用。故选A。    48．推理判断题。根据第六段中“We currently have all kinds of wearable electronic sensing systems, but they are comparatively awkward and inefficient(我们目前有各类可穿戴电子传感系统，但这些系统相对笨重且低效)”和“sensors built with the low-voltage neurons could do without any strengthening at all.(用这种低压神经元制造的传感器则完全无需信号增强。)”可知，新神经元未来可应用于改进可穿戴设备。故选C。 Passage 4 （2026·安徽滁州·一模）The Amazon rainforest is often called the “lungs of the Earth” and credited with producing 20 percent of the world’s oxygen. But that’s a misleading claim. “There are a number of reasons why you keep the Amazon in place, but oxygen just isn’t any one of them,” remarks Earth systems scientist Michael Coe. To Coe, the claim doesn’t make any sense because there isn’t enough carbon dioxide in the atmosphere for trees to photosynthesize (光合作用). For carbon dioxide molecules (分子)trees pull out of the air, they push a comparable number of oxygen molecules back out. The atmosphere contains less than half a percent of carbon dioxide, and 21 percent of oxygen. It’s impossible for the Amazon to generate that much oxygen. Yadvinder Malhi, an ecosystem ecologist at Oxford University, estimates tropical forests are responsible for around 34 percent of photosynthesis occurring on land. Based on its size, the Amazon would account for about half of that, which means the Amazon generates around 17 percent of oxygen produced on land. The oxygen we breathe is the gift of plankton (浮游生物)in the ocean that have over billions of years steadily accumulated oxygen that made the atmosphere breathable. This oxygen could only accumulate because the plankton became trapped at the bottom of the ocean before they could rot. Otherwise, their breaking-up by other microbes would have used up that oxygen. However, the 20 percent claim has been making the rounds for decades. Malhi and Coe think it comes from the fact that the Amazon contributes around 20 percent of the oxygen produced by photosynthesis on land — which may have mistakenly slipped into public knowledge as “20 percent of the oxygen in the atmosphere.” Obviously, none of this is to say that the Amazon isn’t important. “It pulls tons of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere, which cools the planet,” notes climate scientist Carlos Nobre, “The Amazon is also the most bio-diverse ecosystem on land and one of nature’s most powerful tools for easing climate change, playing an important role in stabilizing rainfall cycles in South America.” For its importance to the world, the Amazon might as well be a pair of “lungs”. 49．What is a widespread misunderstanding of the Amazon? A．It features rich biodiversity. B．It eases climate change effectively. C．It produces 20% of Earth’s oxygen. D．It breathes in oxygen like human lungs. 50．Why does Michael Coe doubt the claim? A．Oxygen is mainly from plankton. B．CO2 is too little for photosynthesis. C．The Amazon is not large enough. D．The Amazon generates little oxygen. 51．Why do ocean plankton contribute most to the breathable atmosphere? A．They absorb more CO2. B．They spread across vast ocean regions. C．They photosynthesize faster. D．They build up oxygen over long periods. 52．What can we infer from Carlos Nobre’s words in the last paragraph? A．He denies the claim on the Amazon. B．He underestimates the Amazon’s function. C．He stresses the Amazon’s ecological value. D．He confirms the Amazon’s role in carbon reduction. 【答案】49．C 50．B 51．D 52．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要澄清亚马逊雨林产生全球20%氧气的误解，同时阐述其真正重要的生态价值。 49．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The Amazon rainforest is often called the ‘lungs of the Earth’ and credited with producing 20 percent of the world’s oxygen. But that’s a misleading claim.(亚马逊雨林常被称为“地球之肺”，并被认为产生了全球20%的氧气。但这是一个具有误导性的说法)”可知，关于亚马逊雨林，一个普遍的误解是它产生了全球20%的氧气。故选C项。 50．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To Coe, the claim doesn’t make any sense because there isn’t enough carbon dioxide in the atmosphere for trees to photosynthesize (光合作用).(在科看来，这种说法毫无意义，因为大气中没有足够的二氧化碳供树木进行光合作用)”可知，迈克尔·科质疑这一说法的原因是大气中二氧化碳含量太少，不足以支撑树木通过光合作用产生大量氧气。故选B项。 51．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The oxygen we breathe is the gift of plankton (浮游生物)in the ocean that have over billions of years steadily accumulated oxygen that made the atmosphere breathable.(我们呼吸的氧气是海洋中浮游生物的馈赠，它们在数十亿年的时间里稳步积累氧气，使大气变得适合呼吸)”可知，海洋浮游生物对可呼吸大气贡献最大的原因是它们在漫长的时间里持续积累氧气。故选D项。 52．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Obviously, none of this is to say that the Amazon isn’t important. ‘It pulls tons of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere, which cools the planet,’ notes climate scientist Carlos Nobre, “The Amazon is also the most bio-diverse ecosystem on land and one of nature’s most powerful tools for easing climate change, playing an important role in stabilizing rainfall cycles in South America.”(显然，这并不是说亚马逊不重要。气候科学家卡洛斯·诺布雷指出：“它从大气中吸收大量二氧化碳，从而冷却地球。亚马逊也是陆地上生物多样性最丰富的生态系统，是自然界缓解气候变化最有力的工具之一，在稳定南美洲的降雨周期方面发挥着重要作用。”)”可推断，卡洛斯·诺布雷的话强调了亚马逊雨林重要的生态价值。故选C项。 Passage 5 （2026·安徽阜阳·一模）As a perfect example of contradictory ideas, “barefoot shoes” is in a class of its own. Otherwise referred to as “minimalist footwear”, these shoes are designed to reproduce the experience of not wearing shoes. By returning to something closer to the barefoot experience, the argument goes, runners can improve their health and reduce injuries. Evolution (进化论) is one line of argument. After all, humans have been running barefoot for millions of years. Modern trainers, with their cushioned soles (缓冲鞋底), chunky (厚实的) heels and arch supports, date back only to the 1970s. Supporters of barefoot shoes argue that modern footwear makes runners’ feet weak. For example, over 75% of athletes wearing conventional shoes use a rearfoot strike — where the heel hits the ground first. For barefoot runners, or those in minimalist shoes, the numbers are 40% and 67% respectively. The difference is largely because of the shoe design. Chunkier heels hit the ground earlier and a cushioned sole protects the heel from the otherwise painful impact of a rearfoot strike. Barefoot runners rely on the foot’s inbuilt suspension system to reduce that impact. Such slight changes to the mechanics of running can have big effects on the body. One small study in 2021 found that six months of wearing minimalist footwear can increase toe-muscle (脚趾肌肉) strength by 57%. Another, from 2018, reported a 40% increase in just eight weeks. Those accustomed to walking and running barefoot — such as the Kalenjin tribe in Kenya— have thicker foot muscles and improved ankle mobility. Supporters say that running in barefoot shoes should therefore mean fewer injuries. But no study has yet confirmed that. The evidence, both for and against, is inconclusive, with most studies examining only small numbers of people. Some scientists worry about increased loads on the ankle. Others suggest barefoot running may actually increase rates of injury, particularly on hard surfaces, or if the switch occurs too quickly. One ten-week study found almost half of runners switching to barefoot shoes showed signs of a fluid build-up often caused by stress on the foot. “The most important thing,” says Ali Ghoz, a surgeon at the London Clinic, “is a gradual introduction.” 53．Why do most runners in conventional shoes use a rearfoot strike? A．It helps to strengthen toe muscles. B．It is encouraged by the shoe design. C．It is the most comfortable running style. D．It is widely adopted by barefoot runners. 54．What risk may come with barefoot shoes? A．More heel strikes. B．Weaker ankle joints. C．Too much ankle load. D．Fluid shortage in feet. 55．What is the author’s attitude towards barefoot shoes? A．Strongly supportive. B．Slightly doubtful. C．Fairly balanced. D．Purely negative. 56．What is the best title for the text? A．Are barefoot shoes good for runners? B．Why do modern trainers cause weak feet? C．How to avoid injuries when running barefoot? D．Does the transition to barefoot shoes take longer? 【答案】53．B 54．C 55．C 56．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍赤足跑鞋的设计理念与优势，如增强足部肌肉，同时指出其潜在风险与研究局限，强调切换此类跑鞋需循序渐进。 53．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The difference is largely because of the shoe design. Chunkier heels hit the ground earlier and a cushioned sole protects the heel from the otherwise painful impact of a rearfoot strike.( 这种差异主要是由于鞋的设计造成的。较厚的鞋跟先着地，而缓冲鞋底则能保护脚跟免受后脚着地所带来的原本会很痛苦的冲击。)”可知，传统跑鞋的设计促使跑步者采用后脚跟着地的跑法。故选B项。 54．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Some scientists worry about increased loads on the ankle. Others suggest barefoot running may actually increase rates of injury, particularly on hard surfaces, or if the switch occurs too quickly. One ten-week study found almost half of runners switching to barefoot shoes showed signs of a fluid build-up often caused by stress on the foot.( 一些科学家担心脚踝承受的负荷会增加。还有人认为，赤脚跑步实际上可能会增加受伤几率，尤其是在坚硬的地面上，或者如果这种转变太快的话。一项为期十周的研究发现，几乎一半从穿传统跑鞋改为赤脚跑的跑步者出现了因脚部压力而引起的液体积聚的迹象。)”可知，赤脚跑步可能会带来足部承受过多压力的风险。故选C项。 55．推理判断题。根据第四段中“One small study in 2021 found that six months of wearing minimalist footwear can increase toe-muscle (脚趾肌肉) strength by 57%. Another, from 2018, reported a 40% increase in just eight weeks.( 2021 年的一项小型研究发现，连续六个月穿极简型鞋会使得脚趾肌肉的力量增强 57%。另一项 2018 年的研究则表明，仅仅八周的时间内，力量就会增加 40%。)”介绍赤足跑鞋的设计理念和支持者的观点（贴合人体进化、增强足部肌肉）；以及最后一段中“Some scientists worry about increased loads on the ankle. Others suggest barefoot running may actually increase rates of injury, particularly on hard surfaces, or if the switch occurs too quickly.( 一些科学家担心脚踝承受的负荷会增加。还有人认为，赤脚跑步实际上可能会增加受伤几率，尤其是在坚硬的地面上，或者如果这种转变太快的话。)”客观呈现反对意见和潜在风险（脚踝负荷增加、受伤率上升、研究证据不充分）；结尾引用医生的建议（循序渐进过渡），未掺杂个人偏向性评价。由此可见，作者的态度是客观中立、不偏不倚的。故选C项。 56．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文围绕“赤足跑鞋”展开，先讲其设计初衷和优势，再讲潜在风险和尚无定论的研究证据，核心是探讨赤足跑鞋是否真的对跑步者有益。由此可知，这篇文章的最佳标题是“赤足跑鞋对跑步者有益吗？”。故选A项。 Passage 6 （2026·安徽阜阳·一模）“You can try lying down,” said Wang Zhigang, chief curator (策展人) of Houses of Heaven: Immersive (沉浸式虚拟现实的) Chinese Caisson Digital Art Exhibition, to a girl visiting the show in Beijing. The girl lay on the floor as a six-sided LED ceiling lit up above her, projecting vivid images of Qing Dynasty caissons, or zaojing — fancy wooden dome (穹顶) structures commonly found in palaces and grand temples, famous for their complex design. “In real historic buildings, I always had to lift her onto my shoulders, and even then, she still couldn’t see the caisson clearly,” the girl's mother said. “Here, she feels as if the whole ceiling is within her reach.” According to Wang, the towering height of caissons and the faint lighting in traditional halls often make the details difficult to see, leaving much of their artistry overlooked. To change that, he led a team of young cultural heritage specialists and turned to digital technology to bring these ancient designs closer to the public. According to Zhang Yuan, who supervised the entire process from research to digital reconstruction, the three-minute immersive display took one year and nine months to complete. She recalled the team’s fieldwork in Shanxi Province. “Some sites are restricted by copyright,” Zhang said. “We brought professional laser scanners (激光扫描仪), but many banned large equipment for safety reasons.” In those cases, Zhang and her teammates had to photograph the sites as ordinary visitors and later used photogrammetry to build 3D models. Collecting the data was just the first step. Zhang noted that raw scans often contained local inaccuracies, requiring meticulous manual correction — a process she likened to “micro-sculpting”. For 28-year-old Iranian doctoral student Pouya Amani, who grew up and studied in China, the project drew on his interdisciplinary background in design and cultural heritage. “Shifting from traditional exhibitions to immersive ones is a major trend today,” he said. “A short film with the right visuals can help international audiences grasp the essence of caissons. China is full of culture. The key is finding subjects that translate well into the digital form.” 57．What is the feature of the exhibition? A．It offers interactive explorations of zaojing. B．It digitalizes the process of building zaojing. C．It allows visitors to see zaojing's details up close. D．It brings zaojing to life through the latest technology. 58．Which of the following words best describes the fieldwork of the team? A．Dangerous. B．Challenging. C．Creative. D．Encouraging. 59．What does the underlined word “meticulous” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Thorough. B．Extensive. C．Basic. D．Swift. 60．What is key to presenting Chinese culture digitally according to Pouya Amani? A．Focusing on the major trend. B．Choosing appropriate subjects. C．Targeting international audiences. D．Turning to cross-subject methods. 【答案】57．C 58．B 59．A 60．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“天宫之屋：沉浸式中国藻井数字艺术展”如何通过数字技术让公众近距离欣赏藻井的细节。 57．细节理解题。根据第三段中“According to Wang, the towering height of caissons and the faint lighting in traditional halls often make the details difficult to see, leaving much of their artistry overlooked. To change that, he led a team of young cultural heritage specialists and turned to digital technology to bring these ancient designs closer to the public.(据王志刚介绍，藻井高耸的高度和传统大厅微弱的灯光常常使细节难以看清，导致其艺术性在很大程度上被忽视。为了改变这种状况，他带领一群年轻的文化遗产专家，求助于数字技术，让这些古老的设计更贴近公众)”可知，这个展览的特点是让游客近距离看到藻井的细节。故选C。 58．推理判断题。根据第四段中“She recalled the team’s fieldwork in Shanxi Province. “Some sites are restricted by copyright,” Zhang said. “We brought professional laser scanners (激光扫描仪), but many banned large equipment for safety reasons.” In those cases, Zhang and her teammates had to photograph the sites as ordinary visitors and later used photogrammetry to build 3D models.(她回忆起团队在山西省的实地考察。“有些地点受到版权的限制，”张说。“我们带了专业的激光扫描仪，但许多地方出于安全原因禁止大型设备进入。”在这种情况下，张和她的队友不得不像普通游客一样拍摄这些地点，然后使用摄影测量法建立3D模型)”可知，该团队的实地考察工作具有挑战性。故选B。 59．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Collecting the data was just the first step.(收集数据只是第一步)”以及后文“a process she likened to “micro-sculpting”.(她将这一过程比作“微雕”)”可知，收集数据只是第一步，张指出，原始扫描通常包含局部不准确之处，需要手动校正——她将这一过程比作“微雕刻”。由此可知，划线词意思是“仔细的，彻底的”。故选A。 60．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“China is full of culture. The key is finding subjects that translate well into the digital form.(中国充满了文化。关键是要找到适合转化为数字形式的主题)”可知，根据Pouya Amani的观点，用数字方式展示中国文化的关键是选择合适的主题。故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $丽学科网 www .zxxk com 让教与学更高效 专题05阅读理解（说明文） 参考答案 1.C2.B3.D4.A 5.B6.C7.D8.C 9.D10.B11.C12.C 13.D14.A15.B16.C 17.C18.D19.B20.D 21.B22.C23.B24.A 25.A26.B27.C28.C 29.B30.A31.D32.C 33.B34.A35.C36.B 37.D38.D39.C40.A 41.B42.B43.C44.A 45.D46.B47.A48.C 49.C50.B51.D52.C 53.B54.C55.C56.A 57.C58.B59.A60.B 1/1