易错11 语法填空（4大易错点+易错通关练+高考真题+热点话题练习）（易错培优练）（全国通用）2026年高考英语二轮复习高效培优系列

易错11 语法填空 4大易错点+3大避坑点+闯关训练 目 录 第一部分 易错点剖析 1 易错典题 避错攻略 举一反三 易错01 谓语动词与非谓语动词辨析易混易错点 1 易错02 词性、词形转换类易混易错点 3 易错03 介词固定短语易混易错点 5 易错04 三大从句易混易错点 9 第二部分 易错点闯关 11 闯关01 单句填空 11 闯关02 语篇填空 14 易错01 谓语动词与非谓语动词辨析易混易错点 易错典题 【例1】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.（2025年全国一卷）“The players’ personalities ____60____ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always ____61____ (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ” 【错因分析】句子较长引起的句子成分判断不清，找不到真正的谓语动词。 【干货必记】 看到逗号，后面是完整句子，前面多半是非谓语，两个动词挨一起，又没连词，第二个必是非谓语 作目的状语，一定用 to do 被动、完成、已经被… → done 主动、正在、伴随 → doing 举一反三 1.（2025年全国一卷）“The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope ____58____ (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.” 2.（2025年全国二卷）Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance ____62____ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. 3.（2025年全国二卷）If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ____65____ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 4.（2025年全国二卷）The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes ____61____ (be) one of them. 5.（2024年新高考I卷语法填空）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ________ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 6.（2024年新高考II卷语法填空） Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ______ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 易错02 词性转换类易混易错点 易错典题 【例2】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （2025全国一卷）Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the ____63____ (strategy) placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, ____65____ (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. 【错因分析】1.不认识单词。2.不熟悉其形容词的正确形式。 【干货必记】 一、终极万能判断口诀 名前形，动前副； 介词后、冠词后，必是名词； 系动词后，必是形容词。 二、看空格前后，一秒定词性 1. 空格前面是： the / a / an / 形容词性物主代词 (my, his...) / 数词→ 后面 99% 填名词 介词 (in, on, at, with, without, by, for...)→ 后面 99% 填 名词 / doing 2. 空格后面是： 名词→ 前面 99% 填形容词 动词 / 形容词→ 前面 99% 填 副词 句子完整，不缺主语谓语→ 空格多半填 副词（修饰全句） 三、高考最常考 6 类转换 1. 动词 → 名词 常加：-tion / -sion / -ment / -ance / -ence decide → decision, develop → development 2. 名词 → 形容词 常加：-ful / -less / -ous / -al / -y care → careful, help → helpless 3. 形容词 → 副词 几乎都加：-ly quick → quickly, real → really 4. 形容词 → 名词 常加：-ness happy → happiness, busy → busyness 5. 动词 → 形容词 表人：-ed；表物：-ing surprise → surprised / surprising 6. 否定前缀 un- / in- / im- / dis- / ir- happy → unhappy, possible → impossible 举一反三 1.（2025全国一卷）“In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘____59____ (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. 2.（2025·北京·高考真题）Most days after school, I love walking in the forest with my dog Nick. It’s 11 , (peace)especially around sunset. 3.（2025全国二卷）I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, where bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and ____57____ (center) heating doesn’t exist. 4.（2025全国二卷）The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the ____63____ (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky ____64____ (afternoon) with lots of fresh air. 易错03 介词固定短语易混易错点 易错典题 【例3】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （2024年新高考II卷语法填空）I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion(《牡丹亭》)is similar in some ways _______Romeo and Juliet. " 【错因分析】部分考生容易被in some ways干扰，造成失误。实际上这里副词in some ways起插入语作用，可以忽略掉：原来空格处考查be similar to短语。 避错攻略 【方法总结】 用括号法把从句、非谓语、介词短语、名词短语括起来，化繁为简。 【干货必记】 在介词短语中，介词的词义灵活多变，有时还含有动作的意味。如protect sb. from doing常见短语错误有： 介词与名词的搭配如：at peace 处于和平中；by hand 手工的；in order 整齐；of value 有价值；out of control不受控制 ；out of question 毫无疑问；with pleasure愉快地等。 介词与动词的搭配如：charge sb. for索要; apply for申请; equip...with...用......装备等。 与形容词的搭配如：be anxious about 为……而忧虑；be weak in不擅长……；be strict in 对……严格；be dependant on 依靠；be keen on 热衷于…… 举一反三 1.（2025年全国一卷）“A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent ____62____ no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ” 2.（2025年全国二卷）Nothing in my life before prepared me ____58____ this one-and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. 3.（2024年新高考I卷·语法填空）The Glasshouse stands ________ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route . 易错04 三大从句易混易错点 易错典题 【例4】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （2025年全国二卷）I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ____36____ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn’t exist. 【错因分析】本题容易受思维定式影响，以为逗号后即用which。应当紧密关注先行词和定语从句之间的逻辑关系。 【干货必记】并列句易错点梳理 三大从句一秒区分（终极口诀版） 名从：充当名词（主、宾、表、同） 定从：修饰名词，翻译成“……的” 状从：修饰动词/全句，表：时间、原因、条件、让步、目的 一、3 秒区分步骤（万能） 1. 看从句前面是什么词 2. 看从句在句子里做什么成分 1. 定语从句（最容易认） 特征： - 前面一定有个名词 / 代词 - 从句修饰这个名词，翻译带：……的 - 引导词：that, which, who, whom, whose, where, when, why The book that you bought is good. 前面有名词 book → 修饰它 → 定从 口诀：有名在先，修饰它，就是定语从句。 2. 名词性从句 特征： - 从句充当一个名词： 主语、宾语、表语、同位语 - 前面不一定有名词 - 引导词：that, whether, what, who, where, how, why 四种简单记： 1. 主语从句：从句在句首 That he is right is clear. 2. 宾语从句：跟在动词/介词后 I know that he is right. 3. 表语从句：跟在 be 动词后 The problem is that he is late. 4. 同位语从句：跟在抽象名词后，解释内容 the news that he won 口诀： 从句当名词，做主、宾、表、同，就是名从。 3. 状语从句 特征： - 修饰动词、形容词、整个句子 - 表：时间、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果、地点 - 翻译：当…时候、因为、如果、虽然、为了… - 引导词：when, because, if, though, so that, since I will help you if you ask me. 修饰整个句子，表条件 → 状从 口诀：不作名，不修饰名词，表逻辑关系，就是状从。 二、高考考场一秒判断表 1. 从句前是名词 + 从句修饰它 → 定语从句 2. 从句当主语/宾语/表语/同位语 → 名词性从句 3. 表时间/原因/条件/让步/目的 → 状语从句 举一反三 1.（2025年全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ____56____ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 2.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 3.（2024·新高考I卷·语法填空）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 4.（2025年北京卷）The truth, though, is ____13____ could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest. 5.（2024高考浙江1月卷） If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ________ they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. 6. （2022全国甲卷）The disagreement was sharp that neither he nor I knew how to settle it. 7. （2022全国乙卷） you ride a bicycle, you don’t use petrol. 闯关一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．In 1883, he bought the New York World and used the same business strategy he (employ) at the St. Louis Post-Dispatch and sales of the newspaper mounted up until it was the best selling newspaper in the country. 2．The region is famous for its fossil sites, and one exceptional area (reveal) about 5,000 fossils so far,which have provided invaluable insight into dinosaur evolution during the Middle Jurassic period. 3．As a workout, plogging is more efficient than simply running because it (focus) on both environmental protection and personal health. 4．Each attempt brings small improvements and each failure (teach) you different strategies. With effort, you can become a better self, which is the true meaning of learning. 5．The platform has enabled Ribeiro to realise her dream with a great deal of freedom, as opposed to a restaurant where the service is impersonal, the menu is known in advance, and the meal (expect) to be no surprise. 6．China’s Tiangong space station was completed in late 2022 and (occupy)ever since, with a three-person crew spending six months in orbit before handing over to a new crew. 7．The grottoes (carve) over a period of 1,500 years, starting in 384 AD, right up to the beginning of the twentieth century. 8．With inspirations ranging from museums, literature, and murals (壁画), Piececool, a toy brand (locate) in south China’s Dongguan, combines distinctive cultural features with its creative product line, winning recognition domestically and abroad. 9．Plus, over 3,000 monitoring points and 1,300 smart devices track minor signs of structural damage (cause) by anything from settlement to displacement, and feed data into a center where AI analyzes and anticipates potential risks. 10．Confucius was the first person in Chinese history (bring) education to all people, and in particular to those of ordinary birth. 11．In 2016, (help) the homeless in winter, she requested sock donations when knowing socks are among the most needed items. 12．The essence of learning is extreme repetition and persistence until you become experienced through practice, skilled enough (apply) what you gain and eventually form muscle memory. 13．The academy’s spirit, (pass) down through its long history, is captured in a classic line: “Just as heaven keeps moving forward vigorously, a man of virtue should work continuously to strengthen himself.” 14．In 2022 Guangdong issued “Ten Measures” to promote the sector while in 2023, the central government mentioned pre-prepared meals in its annual No.1 Document, (place) them on the national strategic agenda. 15．Developed by Wuhan-based startup Aero Technology, the drone operates on the most ideal route and achieves precise control of the nozzle (喷嘴) angle and pressure, (adapt) to various building surfaces and thus covering 99 percent of the cleaning areas. 16．The project required each team to develop a hypothesis (假说), set up an experiment to test the hypothesis, do the statistical (analyze) and present the finding. 17．The inclusive beauty of Xinjiang carpets has won international (recognise) since ancient times. 18．The sudden (explode) in the number of online users has created both opportunities and challenges for digital businesses. 19．It was said that altogether he taught about 3,000 students, 72 of whom had outstanding achievements in the (academy) or political field. 20．Artificial intelligence is widely regarded as one of (significant) technological breakthroughs shaping the 21st century. 21．The eye-catching architecture that marks the entrance to the station looks as if a threatening giant has lifted up a tram car and thrown it into the solid concrete sidewalk. In reality, it has a much (practical) origin. 22．The director’s invitation highlights a dynamic phenomenon in the country’s creative industries — using advanced technology to revive cultural heritage not within the museums but through engaging and (access) mediums, such as games and films. 23． (particular), his project West Village in Chengdu features a five-story building wrapping an entire block, combining shops, offices, and community spaces. 24．When technology is fully integrated as a driving force behind cultural tourism, rather than (simple) a supporting tool, a new blue ocean of innovation will undoubtedly arise, far beyond the traditional landscapes of mountains and rivers. 25．Her work Stories of the Sahara, which was published in 1976, is rich stories and vivid descriptions of local cultures. 26．It has even become a tourist attraction for people to shoot photos of themselves near what could be described a work of art. Magritte, the late Belgian surrealist master, would have approved of the Bockenheimer Warte subway station. 27．Initially, the lion dance was performed during Chinese festivals and celebrations, but the blending of Malaysia’s ethnicities (种族特点) and cultures, it gradually crossed ethnic and religious boundaries, becoming a beloved cultural activity for all communities. 28．They held a wide range of activities to celebrate the harvest, ranging from setting off fireworks and firecrackers dressing up in costumes and marching in a parade. 29．In this part, he uses four Chinese ancient myths and legends: Zhuangzi, a philosopher, dreams of being a butterfly and couldn’t distinguish dream reality. 30．Moreover, the company has established it calls a “data collection factory” for real-world data gathering, including training scenarios such as folding clothes, organizing, cleaning and doing the laundry. 31．This trend also shows a changing attitude toward makes a “good life”. More and more people are moving away from the pursuit of material success alone. 32．Before my trip to China in April, I was quite nervous because I had no idea difficulties I would encounter at the border control department. 33．Later, they were brought overseas to Japan and ancient Korea during the Tang Dynasty (618-907), which is they were known as “Tang umbrellas”. 34．Apart from the usual finds, people have uncovered records of the earliest examples of Chinese writing and proof they were producers of the world’s oldest. 35．Xuan paper, honored as the “King of Paper”, has a history dating back over 1,500 years.Originating in the Tang Dynasty, it was later credited to Kong Dan of the Eastern Han Dynasty, sought durable paper to preserve his teacher Cai Lun’s portrait. 36．It was said that altogether he taught about 3,000 students, 72 of had outstanding achievements. 37．Besides, MINISO, a variety store chain you can buy household and consumer goods, opened a store at New York’s Times Square in May 2023, attracting a large crowd. 38．Plus, over 3,000 monitoring points and 1,300 smart devices track minor signs of structural damage caused by anything from settlement to displacement, and feed data into a center AI analyzes and anticipates potential risks. 39． it continues to expand worldwide, more young talents join in, spreading Chinese culture and confidence to every corner of the world. 40． rock music and poetry have many differences, they both do have the power to make us think about how we feel. 闯关二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （2026·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 People always assume noise is a problem unique to animals, because many animals depend on sound to find food, detect hunters and communicate with one another, 1 that this sound-related stress is a phenomenon entirely absent from the non-living-feeling plant kingdom. But 2 new study by Ali Akbar Ghotbi-Ravandi, a botanist at Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran, reveals that plants suffer too. Working with a team of workmates, Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi grew two species in his lab that are 3 (common) found in urban environment — French marigolds and scarlet sage. None of the plants exposed to the traffic noise did well. Study of their leaves revealed that they were suffering. The chemical compounds 4 (indicate) stress in them were found at much higher levels in both samples exposed to the traffic noise. The team also found that a range of hormones normally related to healthy 5 (grow) and development in plants were present at significantly reduced levels in them. Even the freshly cut leaves exposed to noise consistently 6 (weigh) less than those grown in silence. Their findings make 7 clear that the noise of traffic bothers plants enough to cause powerful stress responses, 8 are not much different from those in plants exposed to drought or heavy metals in their soil. Though plants lack ears, the impact 9 (generate) by the noise of traffic damages their health and maturity. The next step is 10 (see) whether some plant species can develop self-protection in the process. （2026·重庆·二模）A Chinese-made humanoid robot has set 1 new Guinness World Record by walking about 106 kilometers between eastern cities without stopping. Developed by a tech company based in Shanghai, the A2 2 (start) its trip from Suzhou on the night of November 10 and reached the Bund of Shanghai in the early hours of November 13. Powered by the company's rapid hot-swap battery system, the robot stayed running for the whole journey. On Thursday, it was officially confirmed 3 the robot had covered a total distance of 106.286 kilometers. “Walking from Suzhou to Shanghai is a tough task even for many humans, but the robot made 4 ,” said a senior vice-president of the company. He added that this achievement proved the 5 (mature) of the robot’s hardware, cerebellar balance algorithms (小脑平衡算法) and endurance, which laid a solid foundation for its large-scale commercial use. 6 (equip) with double GPS modules, LiDAR and infrared (红外线的) depth sensors, the A2 could navigate complex 7 (situation) like traffic lights, narrow passages and crowded sidewalks. It maintained stable sense day and night, traveling on asphalt (沥青) roads, walkways, bridges and slopes while 8 (observe) traffic rules strictly. Upon arrival, the robot told reporters that the journey was a really 9 (forget) experience in its machine life, 10 (humorous) noting that it might need new shoes. （2026·河北·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It has been 10 years since Xueying 601, China’s first polar fixed-wing plane, 1 (official) commenced (开始) service in China’s polar expedition. The aircraft has conducted eight Antarctic expedition tasks, operated for more than 1,100 days and flown for over 2,500hours, with 2 total voyage distance of 800,000 kilometers. In January 2016, it flew over the Kunlun Station, China’s southernmost research station in Antarctica, at a low altitude, 3 obtained valuable flight data on takeoff and landing under high-altitude plateau conditions. One year later, it successfully took off and landed at the station, 4 (locate) at an altitude of more than 4,000 meters, setting a new record. “We 5 (acquire) scientific observation data covering more than 200,000 km through Xueying 601 for the past 10 years,” said Cui Xiangbin, head of the Zhongshan Station. The data collection range covers key regions in East Antarctica, including Princess Elizabeth Land, 6 the Grove Mountains are located. Thanks to the high-precision scientific instruments on the plane, a series of research 7 (achieve) have been made. These findings provide 8 (significance) support for scientists studying subglacial (冰川下的) environments, the impact of ice sheet stability on sea level change, and for 9 (conduct) numerical simulations (数值模拟) of past and future ice sheet dynamics. In the future, this “Polar Eagle” will continue to use science and technology as its wings 10 (contribute) China’s scientific strength to global polar scientific research. 8 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 易错11 语法填空 4大易错点+3大避坑点+闯关训练 目 录 第一部分 易错点剖析 1 易错典题 避错攻略 举一反三 易错01 谓语动词与非谓语动词辨析易混易错点 1 易错02 词性、词形转换类易混易错点 3 易错03 介词固定短语易混易错点 5 易错04 三大从句易混易错点 9 第二部分 易错点闯关 11 闯关01 单句填空 11 闯关02 语篇填空 14 易错01 谓语动词与非谓语动词辨析易混易错点 易错典题 【例1】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.（2025年全国一卷）“The players’ personalities ____60____ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always ____61____ (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ” 【60题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：她补充说：“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会暴露给对手。”本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal“揭示，显示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are revealed。 【61题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a decent winner为第三人称单数，所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。 【错因分析】句子较长引起的句子成分判断不清，找不到真正的谓语动词。 【干货必记】 看到逗号，后面是完整句子，前面多半是非谓语，两个动词挨一起，又没连词，第二个必是非谓语 作目的状语，一定用 to do 被动、完成、已经被… → done 主动、正在、伴随 → doing 举一反三 1.（2025年全国一卷）“The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope ____58____ (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.” 答案：to present。 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope，此处为非谓语动词，hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，所以此处需用动词present“呈现”的不定式，作宾语。故填to present。 2.（2025年全国二卷）Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance ____62____ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. 答案：to discover。 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在我的成长过程中，我的家人和邻居从不使用晾衣绳晾晒衣物，这让我没有机会发现阳光的奇妙之处之一——将衣服晒了一整天后散发的甜美的“阳光的味道”。本句已有谓语used，此处应用非谓语动词， chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”,本空用discover的不定式，作定语。故填to discover。 3.（2025年全国二卷）If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ____65____ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 答案：left。 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的“阳光的味道”，那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语have experienced，此处应用非谓语动词，a sheet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填left。 4.（2025年全国二卷）The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes ____61____ (be) one of them. 答案：is。 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。 5.（2024年新高考I卷语法填空）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ________ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 【答案】walks 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 6.（2024年新高考II卷语法填空） Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ______ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 【答案】was built 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 易错02 词性转换类易混易错点 易错典题 【例2】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （2025全国一卷）Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the ____63____ (strategy) placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, ____65____ (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. 【63题详解】 考查形容词。句意：屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美感，以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。此处修饰名词placement，需用形容词strategic“战略性的，策略的”，作定语。故填strategic。 【65题详解】 考查副词。句意同上。此处修饰形容词generated，需用副词digitally“数字地”，作状语。故填digitally。 【错因分析】1.不认识单词。2.不熟悉其形容词的正确形式。 【干货必记】 一、终极万能判断口诀 名前形，动前副； 介词后、冠词后，必是名词； 系动词后，必是形容词。 二、看空格前后，一秒定词性 1. 空格前面是： the / a / an / 形容词性物主代词 (my, his...) / 数词→ 后面 99% 填名词 介词 (in, on, at, with, without, by, for...)→ 后面 99% 填 名词 / doing 2. 空格后面是： 名词→ 前面 99% 填形容词 动词 / 形容词→ 前面 99% 填 副词 句子完整，不缺主语谓语→ 空格多半填 副词（修饰全句） 三、高考最常考 6 类转换 1. 动词 → 名词 常加：-tion / -sion / -ment / -ance / -ence decide → decision, develop → development 2. 名词 → 形容词 常加：-ful / -less / -ous / -al / -y care → careful, help → helpless 3. 形容词 → 副词 几乎都加：-ly quick → quickly, real → really 4. 形容词 → 名词 常加：-ness happy → happiness, busy → busyness 5. 动词 → 形容词 表人：-ed；表物：-ing surprise → surprised / surprising 6. 否定前缀 un- / in- / im- / dis- / ir- happy → unhappy, possible → impossible 举一反三 1.（2025全国一卷）“In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘____59____ (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. 【59题详解】 考查名词。句意：你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱，迫使他们跟随你的“引导”直到他们输掉。此处作follow的宾语，用名词guidance“引导”，不可数名词。故填guidance。 2.（2025·北京·高考真题）Most days after school, I love walking in the forest with my dog Nick. It’s 11 , (peace)especially around sunset. 【答案】：11．peaceful 【解析】考查形容词。句意：这里很宁静，尤其是在日落时分。“is”后接形容词作表语，“peace”的形容词形式是“peaceful”，意为“宁静的”。故填peaceful。 3.（2025全国二卷）I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, where bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and ____57____ (center) heating doesn’t exist. 【57题详解】 考查形容词。句意同上。本空修饰名词heating，应用形容词central“中央的，中心的”，作定语。故填central。 4.（2025全国二卷）The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the ____63____ (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky ____64____ (afternoon) with lots of fresh air. 【63题详解】 查名词。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午的天很蓝天、空气新鲜。本空作thanks to的宾语，应用名词absence“缺乏，没有”，不可数名词。故填absence。 【64题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午有很多蓝天和新鲜空气。afternoon“下午”是可数名词，此处指不止一个下午，应用复数形式afternoons。故填afternoons。 易错03 介词固定短语易混易错点 易错典题 【例3】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （2024年新高考II卷语法填空）I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion(《牡丹亭》)is similar in some ways _______Romeo and Juliet. " 【答案】to 【解析】考查介词。句意：我碰巧知道汤的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与罗密欧与朱丽叶相似。" 短语be similar to...和......相似。 【错因分析】部分考生容易被in some ways干扰，造成失误。实际上这里副词in some ways起插入语作用，可以忽略掉：原来空格处考查be similar to短语。 避错攻略 【方法总结】 用括号法把从句、非谓语、介词短语、名词短语括起来，化繁为简。 【干货必记】 在介词短语中，介词的词义灵活多变，有时还含有动作的意味。如protect sb. from doing常见短语错误有： 介词与名词的搭配如：at peace 处于和平中；by hand 手工的；in order 整齐；of value 有价值；out of control不受控制 ；out of question 毫无疑问；with pleasure愉快地等。 介词与动词的搭配如：charge sb. for索要; apply for申请; equip...with...用......装备等。 与形容词的搭配如：be anxious about 为……而忧虑；be weak in不擅长……；be strict in 对……严格；be dependant on 依靠；be keen on 热衷于…… 举一反三 1.（2025年全国一卷）“A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent ____62____ no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ” 答案：by。 解析：考查介词。句意同上。“by+具体数值”表示“以（某一差值）”，此处指“以一到两分的优势”，符合语境。故填by。 2.（2025年全国二卷）Nothing in my life before prepared me ____58____ this one-and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. 答案：for。 解析：考查介词。句意：我生命中没有任何事情能让我为这一切做好准备——可以肯定的是，我第一次来到这里时，从未想过我会在这个地方感到舒适。prepare sb. for...“使某人为……做好准备”，固定搭配。故填for。 3.（2024年新高考I卷·语法填空）The Glasshouse stands ________ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route . 【答案】as 【解析】考查介词。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。 易错04 三大从句易混易错点 易错典题 【例4】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （2025年全国二卷）I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ____36____ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn’t exist. 答案：where。 解析：考查定语从句。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang，China，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 【错因分析】本题容易受思维定式影响，以为逗号后即用which。应当紧密关注先行词和定语从句之间的逻辑关系。 【干货必记】并列句易错点梳理 三大从句一秒区分（终极口诀版） 名从：充当名词（主、宾、表、同） 定从：修饰名词，翻译成“……的” 状从：修饰动词/全句，表：时间、原因、条件、让步、目的 一、3 秒区分步骤（万能） 1. 看从句前面是什么词 2. 看从句在句子里做什么成分   1. 定语从句（最容易认） 特征： - 前面一定有个名词 / 代词 - 从句修饰这个名词，翻译带：……的 - 引导词：that, which, who, whom, whose, where, when, why The book that you bought is good. 前面有名词 book → 修饰它 → 定从 口诀：有名在先，修饰它，就是定语从句。 2. 名词性从句 特征： - 从句充当一个名词： 主语、宾语、表语、同位语 - 前面不一定有名词 - 引导词：that, whether, what, who, where, how, why 四种简单记： 1. 主语从句：从句在句首 That he is right is clear. 2. 宾语从句：跟在动词/介词后 I know that he is right. 3. 表语从句：跟在 be 动词后 The problem is that he is late. 4. 同位语从句：跟在抽象名词后，解释内容 the news that he won 口诀： 从句当名词，做主、宾、表、同，就是名从。 3. 状语从句 特征： - 修饰动词、形容词、整个句子 - 表：时间、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果、地点 - 翻译：当…时候、因为、如果、虽然、为了… - 引导词：when, because, if, though, so that, since I will help you if you ask me. 修饰整个句子，表条件 → 状从 口诀：不作名，不修饰名词，表逻辑关系，就是状从。 二、高考考场一秒判断表 1. 从句前是名词 + 从句修饰它 → 定语从句 2. 从句当主语/宾语/表语/同位语 → 名词性从句 3. 表时间/原因/条件/让步/目的 → 状语从句 举一反三 1.（2025年全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ____56____ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 答案：which。 解析：考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为“围棋”），它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 2.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 3.（2024·新高考I卷·语法填空）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 【答案】which/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 4.（2025年北京卷）The truth, though, is ____13____ could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest. 【13题详解】 考查表语从句引导词。句意：不过，真相正如所料 —— 这里从来没有其他人。“is”后接表语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，用what引导，what在从句中作主语，意为“…… 的事情”。故填what。 5.（2024高考浙江1月卷） If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ________ they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. 【答案】what 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买，那他们就会推广。在表语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。 6. （2022全国甲卷）The disagreement was sharp that neither he nor I knew how to settle it. 答案：too改为so。 解析：考查状语从句。句意：这分歧如此尖锐，以至于他和我都不知道如何解决它。固定句型“so…that…”译为“如此……以至于……”引导结果状语从句。故将too改为so。 7. （2022全国乙卷） you ride a bicycle, you don’t use petrol. 答案：If或改为When。 解析：考查状语从句连接词。句意：当你骑自行车的时候你是不用汽油的。由句意可知，该句阐述的是一个事实，需用if或when引导；位于句首，注意首字母大写。故为If或When。 闯关一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．In 1883, he bought the New York World and used the same business strategy he (employ) at the St. Louis Post-Dispatch and sales of the newspaper mounted up until it was the best selling newspaper in the country. 【答案】employed 【详解】考查时态。句意：1883年，他买下了《纽约世界报》，并采用了他在《圣路易斯邮报》时所采用的同样的商业策略，该报的销量不断上升，最终成为全国销量最好的报纸。空处是省略that或which的定语从句的谓语动词，从句修饰先行词the same business strategy，描述过去发生的动作，为一般过去时，需用employ的过去式employed。故填employed。 2．The region is famous for its fossil sites, and one exceptional area (reveal) about 5,000 fossils so far,which have provided invaluable insight into dinosaur evolution during the Middle Jurassic period. 【答案】has revealed 【详解】考查时态。句意：该地区以化石遗址而闻名，其中一处特别的区域迄今已出土约5000件化石，这些化石为研究中侏罗纪时期的恐龙进化历程提供了极其宝贵的见解。根据so far可知表示过去的动作对现在的影响，为现在完成时，主语为one exceptional area，助动词用has。故填has revealed。 3．As a workout, plogging is more efficient than simply running because it (focus) on both environmental protection and personal health. 【答案】focuses 【详解】考查时态及主谓一致。句意：作为一种锻炼方式，拾荒慢跑比单纯跑步更有效，因为它既关注环境保护，又有利于个人健康。所给动词focus在原因状语从句中作谓语，主动关系，句子叙述客观事实应使用一般现在时态，主语it为单三人称，谓语动词 使用单数形式。故填focuses。 4．Each attempt brings small improvements and each failure (teach) you different strategies. With effort, you can become a better self, which is the true meaning of learning. 【答案】teaches 【详解】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：每一次尝试都会带来小小的进步，每一次失败都会教给你不同的策略。付出努力，你就能成为更好的自己，这便是学习的真正意义。and连接两个并列分句，前一分句谓语brings提示句子时态为一般现在时，根据时态一致原则，后一分句也用一般现在时；主语each failure为单数，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故填teaches。 5．The platform has enabled Ribeiro to realise her dream with a great deal of freedom, as opposed to a restaurant where the service is impersonal, the menu is known in advance, and the meal (expect) to be no surprise. 【答案】is expected 【详解】考查短语。句意：这个平台让里贝罗能够以极大的自由度来实现自己的梦想，这与餐厅的模式截然不同。在餐厅里，服务是缺乏人情味的，菜单事先就已公布，而且用餐体验通常不会有太多惊喜。短语be expected to do sth.表示“期望做某事”，结合上文the menu is known in advance可知为一般现在时的被动语态，主语为meal，谓语用单数。故填is expected。 6．China’s Tiangong space station was completed in late 2022 and (occupy)ever since, with a three-person crew spending six months in orbit before handing over to a new crew. 【答案】has been occupied 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：中国的天宫空间站于2022年底建成，此后一直有人驻守，由三人组成的小组在轨道上停留六个月，然后移交给新的小组。根据句中ever since可知，句子应用现在完成时，表示动作从过去持续到现在，occupy和主语China’s Tiangong space station为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，space station为可数名词单数，助动词应用has。故填has been occupied。 7．The grottoes (carve) over a period of 1,500 years, starting in 384 AD, right up to the beginning of the twentieth century. 【答案】were carved 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：这些石窟是在1500年的时间里逐步开凿而成的，始于公元384年，一直持续到20世纪初。主语The grottoes和carve是被动关系（石窟被开凿）；时间状语over a period of 1,500 years, starting in 384 AD提示动作发生在过去，主语为复数，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were carved。 8．With inspirations ranging from museums, literature, and murals (壁画), Piececool, a toy brand (locate) in south China’s Dongguan, combines distinctive cultural features with its creative product line, winning recognition domestically and abroad. 【答案】located 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Piececool是一家位于中国南部东莞的玩具品牌，其灵感来源于博物馆、文学和壁画，将独特的文化特色与创意产品线相结合，在国内外赢得了认可。combines为谓语动词，设空处需要非谓语动词作定语。a toy brand与locate是被动关系，需填过去分词作后置定语。故填located。 9．Plus, over 3,000 monitoring points and 1,300 smart devices track minor signs of structural damage (cause) by anything from settlement to displacement, and feed data into a center where AI analyzes and anticipates potential risks. 【答案】caused 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，3000多个监测点和1300个智能设备追踪从沉降到位移等各种因素造成的轻微结构损伤迹象，并将数据传输到AI分析和预测潜在风险的中心。这里考查非谓语动词，damage与cause之间是被动关系，表示“被造成的损伤”，这里应用过去分词作后置定语。故填caused。 10．Confucius was the first person in Chinese history (bring) education to all people, and in particular to those of ordinary birth. 【答案】to bring 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：孔子是中国历史上第一个将教育带给所有人，特别是出身普通的人。当名词前有序数词（如the first）修饰时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to bring。 11．In 2016, (help) the homeless in winter, she requested sock donations when knowing socks are among the most needed items. 【答案】to help 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：2016年，为了在冬季帮助那些无家可归的人，她得知袜子是需求量最大的物品之一后，便呼吁大家捐赠袜子。此处help作目的状语，用不定式。故填to help。 12．The essence of learning is extreme repetition and persistence until you become experienced through practice, skilled enough (apply) what you gain and eventually form muscle memory. 【答案】to apply 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：学习的本质是不断地重复和坚持，直到你通过实践变得经验丰富，技能足够熟练去应用所学，最终形成肌肉记忆。设空处位于“skilled enough”之后，应用动词不定式作结果状语，表示“熟练到足以去应用”。故填to apply。 13．The academy’s spirit, (pass) down through its long history, is captured in a classic line: “Just as heaven keeps moving forward vigorously, a man of virtue should work continuously to strengthen himself.” 【答案】passed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这所书院传承已久的精神，可凝练为一句经典箴言：“天行健，君子以自强不息。”句子已有谓语动词is captured，空格处填入非谓语动词，pass down(传承)与其逻辑主语the academy’s spirit之间是被动关系，需用过去分词passed作后置定语，表“历经漫长历史传承下来的书院精神”。故填passed。 14．In 2022 Guangdong issued “Ten Measures” to promote the sector while in 2023, the central government mentioned pre-prepared meals in its annual No.1 Document, (place) them on the national strategic agenda. 【答案】placing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：2022年，广东省出台了促进该行业发展的“十条措施”，而2023年，中央政府在年度一号文件中提及预制菜，将其纳入国家战略议程。句子已有谓语mentioned，空处为非谓语，place“放置”和the central government逻辑上是主动关系，因此用place的现在分词形式，作状语。故填placing。 15．Developed by Wuhan-based startup Aero Technology, the drone operates on the most ideal route and achieves precise control of the nozzle (喷嘴) angle and pressure, (adapt) to various building surfaces and thus covering 99 percent of the cleaning areas. 【答案】adapting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由武汉初创企业Aero Technology 研发的这款无人机按最理想路线运行，实现对喷嘴角度和压力的精准控制，适应各种建筑表面，从而覆盖99%的清洁区域。the drone与adapt是主谓关系，应用现在分词adapting，作状语。故填adapting。 16．The project required each team to develop a hypothesis (假说), set up an experiment to test the hypothesis, do the statistical (analyze) and present the finding. 【答案】analysis 【详解】考查名词。句意：该项目要求每个小组提出一个假说，设计实验来验证该假说，进行统计分析，并展示研究结果。空处作动词do的宾语，提示词的名词形式analysis“分析”符合题意。故填analysis。 17．The inclusive beauty of Xinjiang carpets has won international (recognise) since ancient times. 【答案】recognition 【详解】考查名词。句意：新疆地毯的包容性之美自古以来就赢得了国际认可。动词won后需接名词作宾语，recognise的名词形式为recognition，表“认可”，为不可数名词。故填recognition。 18．The sudden (explode) in the number of online users has created both opportunities and challenges for digital businesses. 【答案】explosion 【详解】考查名词。句意：在线用户数量的突然激增，为数字商业创造了机遇与挑战。sudden是形容词，后面需要接名词作句子的主语，动词explode的名词形式是explosion，意为“激增”，故填explosion。 19．It was said that altogether he taught about 3,000 students, 72 of whom had outstanding achievements in the (academy) or political field. 【答案】academic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：据说他一共教了大约3000名学生，其中72人在学术或政治领域取得了杰出的成就。名词field前需用形容词作定语。academy的形容词形式为academic，意为“学术的”。故填academic。 20．Artificial intelligence is widely regarded as one of (significant) technological breakthroughs shaping the 21st century. 【答案】the most significant 【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：人工智能被广泛认为是塑造21世纪最重大的技术突破之一。在one of +复数名词这个结构中，为了说明这个名词 (群体)具有何种“最突出”的特征，需要在复数名词前使用the + 形容词最高级进行限定。故填the most significant。 21．The eye-catching architecture that marks the entrance to the station looks as if a threatening giant has lifted up a tram car and thrown it into the solid concrete sidewalk. In reality, it has a much (practical) origin. 【答案】more practical 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：这座引人注目的建筑标志着车站的入口，看上去仿佛一个威胁性的巨人高高举起一辆有轨电车，将其扔进了坚固的混凝土人行道上。而实际上，它的由来要实用得多。空处为形容词形式修饰名词，根据空前的“much”以及句意可知用形容词比较级形式。故填more practical。 22．The director’s invitation highlights a dynamic phenomenon in the country’s creative industries — using advanced technology to revive cultural heritage not within the museums but through engaging and (access) mediums, such as games and films. 【答案】accessible 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这位导演的邀请突显了该国创意产业中的一种活跃现象：利用先进的技术来重振文化遗产，这些活动并非局限于博物馆内，而是通过具有吸引力且易于理解的媒介来实现，比如游戏和电影。空处修饰名词mediums，用形容词accessible“易于理解的”，作定语。故填accessible。 23． (particular), his project West Village in Chengdu features a five-story building wrapping an entire block, combining shops, offices, and community spaces. 【答案】Particularly 【详解】考查副词。句意：特别值得一提的是，他在成都的“西村”项目中设计了一座五层高的建筑，它环绕着整个街区，集成了商店、办公室和社区空间。空处修饰后面整个句子，应用副词particularly“特别是”，作状语，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Particularly。 24．When technology is fully integrated as a driving force behind cultural tourism, rather than (simple) a supporting tool, a new blue ocean of innovation will undoubtedly arise, far beyond the traditional landscapes of mountains and rivers. 【答案】simply 【详解】考查副词。句意：当科技作为文化旅游的核心驱动力而非单纯的辅助工具深度融合其中时，一个全新的创新蓝海无疑将会形成，其范围将远远超出传统的山川地貌的范畴。此处修饰短语(as)a supporting tool，用simple的副词形式simply，意为“仅仅，单纯地”。故填simply。 25．Her work Stories of the Sahara, which was published in 1976, is rich stories and vivid descriptions of local cultures. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：她的作品《撒哈拉的故事》于1976年出版，书中充满了各种故事以及对当地文化的生动描述。be rich in为固定搭配，意为“富含，充满”。故填in。 26．It has even become a tourist attraction for people to shoot photos of themselves near what could be described a work of art. Magritte, the late Belgian surrealist master, would have approved of the Bockenheimer Warte subway station. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】as 【详解】考查介词。句意：它甚至已成为一处旅游景点，人们可以在堪称艺术杰作的地方附近拍摄自己的照片。已故的比利时超现实主义大师马格利特定会认可博肯海默瓦尔特地铁站。此处为短语be described as意为“被描述为……”，空处应用介词as。故填as。 27．Initially, the lion dance was performed during Chinese festivals and celebrations, but the blending of Malaysia’s ethnicities (种族特点) and cultures, it gradually crossed ethnic and religious boundaries, becoming a beloved cultural activity for all communities. 【答案】with 【详解】考查介词。句意：起初，舞狮仅在华人节日和庆典中表演，但随着马来西亚种族与文化的融合，它逐渐跨越了种族和宗教界限，成为所有社群都喜爱的文化活动。此处with the blending of…是固定搭配，意为“随着……的融合”，用来引导伴随状语，符合语境，故填with。 28．They held a wide range of activities to celebrate the harvest, ranging from setting off fireworks and firecrackers dressing up in costumes and marching in a parade. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：他们举行了各种各样的活动来庆祝丰收，从燃放烟花爆竹到穿上戏服参加游行。此处考查固定短语range from...to...，意为“从……到……”，故空处应用介词to。故填to。 29．In this part, he uses four Chinese ancient myths and legends: Zhuangzi, a philosopher, dreams of being a butterfly and couldn’t distinguish dream reality. 【答案】from 【详解】考查介词。句意：在这一部分中，他引用了四个中国古代神话传说：哲学家庄子梦见自己变成了一只蝴蝶，无法分辨梦境与现实。固定短语distinguish A from B“区分A和B”。故填from。 30．Moreover, the company has established it calls a “data collection factory” for real-world data gathering, including training scenarios such as folding clothes, organizing, cleaning and doing the laundry. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：此外，该公司还建立了所谓的“数据收集工厂”，用于收集现实世界的数据，包括折叠衣服、整理、清洁和洗衣服等培训场景。此空引导宾语从句，从句中calls缺宾语，指事物，应用what。故填what。 31．This trend also shows a changing attitude toward makes a “good life”. More and more people are moving away from the pursuit of material success alone. 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这一趋势也表明，人们对什么是“美好生活”的态度正在发生变化。越来越多的人不再仅仅追求物质上的成功。此处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指事物，应用what，故填what。 32．Before my trip to China in April, I was quite nervous because I had no idea difficulties I would encounter at the border control department. 【答案】what 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：在四月份去中国旅行之前，我相当紧张，因为我不知道在边境管制部门会遇到什么困难。本空引导同位语从句，从句解释名词idea，作idea的同位语，表示“什么”，用what引导。故填what。 33．Later, they were brought overseas to Japan and ancient Korea during the Tang Dynasty (618-907), which is they were known as “Tang umbrellas”. 【答案】why 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：后来，在唐朝（618-907），它们被带到海外的日本和古代朝鲜，这就是为什么它们被称为“唐伞”。空格处引导的是表语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，此处表示“这就是为什么它们被称为‘唐伞’”，因此用why引导表语从句，故填why。 34．Apart from the usual finds, people have uncovered records of the earliest examples of Chinese writing and proof they were producers of the world’s oldest. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：除了通常的发现，人们还发现了最早的中国文字的记录，并证明他们是世界上最古老的文字的创造者。空格处引导的是同位语从句，解释说明proof的具体内容，从句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，因此用that引导同位语从句，故填that。 35．Xuan paper, honored as the “King of Paper”, has a history dating back over 1,500 years.Originating in the Tang Dynasty, it was later credited to Kong Dan of the Eastern Han Dynasty, sought durable paper to preserve his teacher Cai Lun’s portrait. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：宣纸，被誉为“纸中之王”，其历史可追溯到1500多年前。它起源于唐朝，后被认为是东汉时期孔丹所造，孔丹当时寻找耐用的纸张来保存其老师蔡伦的画像。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Kong Dan，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 36．It was said that altogether he taught about 3,000 students, 72 of had outstanding achievements. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：据说他一共教了大约3000名学生，其中72人取得了杰出的成就。此处为“介词of + 关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词3,000 students，指人，应用whom。故填whom。 37．Besides, MINISO, a variety store chain you can buy household and consumer goods, opened a store at New York’s Times Square in May 2023, attracting a large crowd. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：此外，MINISO，一家可以购买家居及日用品的连锁超市，于 2023 年 5 月在纽约时代广场开设了一家门店，吸引了大量人群。此空引导定语从句，从句主谓宾结构完整，先行词a variety store chain是地点类名词，此空应是关系副词where，作地点状语。故填where。 38．Plus, over 3,000 monitoring points and 1,300 smart devices track minor signs of structural damage caused by anything from settlement to displacement, and feed data into a center AI analyzes and anticipates potential risks. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句关系副词。句意：此外，3000多个监测点和1300个智能设备追踪由沉降或位移等引起的结构损坏的细微迹象，并将数据输入到一个中心，人工智能在那里分析和预测潜在风险。先行词a center表地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。 39． it continues to expand worldwide, more young talents join in, spreading Chinese culture and confidence to every corner of the world. 【答案】As 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：随着其在全球范围内的不断扩张，越来越多的年轻人才加入进来，将中国文化和自信传播到世界的每一个角落。由it continues to expand worldwide可知，此处表示“随着其在全球范围内的不断扩张”，空格处意为“随着”，用as，引导时间状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填As。 40． rock music and poetry have many differences, they both do have the power to make us think about how we feel. 【答案】While/Though/Although 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：虽然摇滚音乐和诗歌存在诸多差异，但它们都确实具有让我们思考自身感受的力量。结合句意可知此处表示“尽管，虽然”，使用连词while/though/although引导让步状语从句，首字母应大写。故填While/Though/Although。 闯关二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （2026·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 People always assume noise is a problem unique to animals, because many animals depend on sound to find food, detect hunters and communicate with one another, 1 that this sound-related stress is a phenomenon entirely absent from the non-living-feeling plant kingdom. But 2 new study by Ali Akbar Ghotbi-Ravandi, a botanist at Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran, reveals that plants suffer too. Working with a team of workmates, Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi grew two species in his lab that are 3 (common) found in urban environment — French marigolds and scarlet sage. None of the plants exposed to the traffic noise did well. Study of their leaves revealed that they were suffering. The chemical compounds 4 (indicate) stress in them were found at much higher levels in both samples exposed to the traffic noise. The team also found that a range of hormones normally related to healthy 5 (grow) and development in plants were present at significantly reduced levels in them. Even the freshly cut leaves exposed to noise consistently 6 (weigh) less than those grown in silence. Their findings make 7 clear that the noise of traffic bothers plants enough to cause powerful stress responses, 8 are not much different from those in plants exposed to drought or heavy metals in their soil. Though plants lack ears, the impact 9 (generate) by the noise of traffic damages their health and maturity. The next step is 10 (see) whether some plant species can develop self-protection in the process. 【答案】 1．and 2．a 3．commonly 4．indicating 5．growth 6．weighed 7．it 8．which 9．generated 10．to see 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了德黑兰沙希德·贝赫什蒂大学的植物学家阿里·阿克巴尔·戈特比 - 拉万迪的一项新研究，该研究表明交通噪音会给植物带来压力，影响其健康和成熟，下一步将研究某些植物物种是否能在这一过程中发展出自我保护能力。 1．考查连词。句意：人们总是认为噪音是动物独有的问题，因为许多动物依靠声音来寻找食物、察觉捕食者并相互交流，并且认为这种与声音相关的压力是完全不存在于没有生命感知的植物王国中的现象。分析句子结构可知，前后两个that引导的宾语从句并列，共同作assume的宾语，所以用连词and连接。故填and。 2．考查冠词。句意：但德黑兰沙希德·贝赫什蒂大学的植物学家阿里·阿克巴尔·戈特比 - 拉万迪的一项新研究表明，植物也会受影响。study在此处意为“研究”，是可数名词单数，空前无限定词，此处表示泛指“一项新研究”，且new是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。 3．考查副词。句意：戈特比 - 拉万迪博士与一组同事合作，在实验室中种植了两种常见于城市环境的植物——法国万寿菊和一串红。此处修饰动词found，应用副词commonly，意为“通常地，普遍地”，作状语。故填commonly。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：在接触交通噪音的两个样本中，发现表明它们处于压力状态的化合物含量要高得多。句中已有谓语动词were found，所以此处应用非谓语动词，compounds与indicate之间是主动关系，用现在分词indicating作后置定语，修饰compounds。故填indicating。 5．考查名词。句意：研究小组还发现，一系列通常与植物健康生长和发育相关的激素，在这些植物中的含量显著降低。根据and后的development可知，此处应用名词growth，与development并列，作related to的宾语，growth意为“生长”，是不可数名词。故填growth。 6．考查动词时态。句意：即使是新剪下的叶子，暴露在噪音中的重量也始终比在安静环境中生长的叶子轻。此处为谓语动词，根据语境及全文时态可知，此处描述过去的研究情况，应用一般过去时，weigh的过去式为weighed。故填weighed。 7．考查it作形式宾语。句意：他们的研究结果表明，交通噪音对植物的干扰足以引发强烈的应激反应，这与暴露在干旱或土壤中重金属环境下的植物的应激反应并无太大差异。此处作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的that引导的宾语从句，用it作形式宾语。故填it。 8．考查定语从句。句意：他们的研究结果表明，交通噪音对植物的干扰足以引发强烈的应激反应，这与暴露在干旱或土壤中重金属环境下的植物的应激反应并无太大差异。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为stress responses，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管植物没有耳朵，但交通噪音产生的影响损害了它们的健康和成熟度。句中已有谓语动词damages，所以此处应用非谓语动词，impact与generate之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词generated，作后置定语，修饰impact。故填generated。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：下一步是看看一些植物物种是否能在这个过程中发展出自我保护能力。此处作表语，说明主语The next step的具体内容，用动词不定式。故填to see。 （2026·重庆·二模）A Chinese-made humanoid robot has set 1 new Guinness World Record by walking about 106 kilometers between eastern cities without stopping. Developed by a tech company based in Shanghai, the A2 2 (start) its trip from Suzhou on the night of November 10 and reached the Bund of Shanghai in the early hours of November 13. Powered by the company's rapid hot-swap battery system, the robot stayed running for the whole journey. On Thursday, it was officially confirmed 3 the robot had covered a total distance of 106.286 kilometers. “Walking from Suzhou to Shanghai is a tough task even for many humans, but the robot made 4 ,” said a senior vice-president of the company. He added that this achievement proved the 5 (mature) of the robot’s hardware, cerebellar balance algorithms (小脑平衡算法) and endurance, which laid a solid foundation for its large-scale commercial use. 6 (equip) with double GPS modules, LiDAR and infrared (红外线的) depth sensors, the A2 could navigate complex 7 (situation) like traffic lights, narrow passages and crowded sidewalks. It maintained stable sense day and night, traveling on asphalt (沥青) roads, walkways, bridges and slopes while 8 (observe) traffic rules strictly. Upon arrival, the robot told reporters that the journey was a really 9 (forget) experience in its machine life, 10 (humorous) noting that it might need new shoes. 【答案】 1．a 2．started 3．that 4．it 5．maturity 6．Equipped 7．situations 8．observing 9．unforgettable 10．humorously 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国上海一家科技公司研发的人形机器人A2创造了吉尼斯世界纪录，在不间断行走约106公里，从苏州成功抵达上海外滩的事迹，展现了该机器人在硬件、算法和续航能力方面的技术突破。 1．考查冠词。句意：一台中国制造的人形机器人创造了一项新的吉尼斯世界纪录，在不停歇的情况下在东部城市之间行走了约106公里。此处泛指“一项新的吉尼斯世界纪录”，且new以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 2．考查动词时态。句意：这款名为A2的机器人由上海一家科技公司研发，于11月10日晚从苏州出发，于11月13日凌晨抵达上海外滩。根据时间状语on the night of November 10可知，此处描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。故填started。 3．考查主语从句。句意：周四，官方确认该机器人总共行进了106.286公里。it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导主语从句。故填that。 4．考查固定短语。句意：“从苏州到上海，即便是对于许多人类来说也是一项艰巨的任务，但这个机器人却做到了，”该公司的一位高级副总裁说道。结合句意可知，表示“成功做到”，用固定短语make it。故填it。 5．考查名词。句意：他补充说，这一成就证明了机器人硬件、小脑平衡算法和续航能力的成熟，为其大规模商业应用奠定了坚实基础。此处作宾语，应用名词maturity“成熟”，为不可数名词。故填maturity。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：A2配备了双GPS模块、激光雷达和红外深度传感器，能够应对红绿灯、狭窄通道和拥挤人行道等复杂情况。equip与其逻辑主语the A2之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Equipped。 7．考查名词复数。句意：A2配备了双GPS模块、激光雷达和红外深度传感器，能够应对红绿灯、狭窄通道和拥挤人行道等复杂情况。situation为可数名词，根据后文列举的多种情况可知，应用复数形式。故填situations。 8．考查状语从句的省略。句意：它日夜保持稳定感知，在沥青路、人行道、桥梁和坡道上行驶，同时严格遵守交通规则。此处是while引导时间状语从句的省略形式，完整形式为while it was observing traffic rules strictly，省略主语+be动词，应用现在分词形式。故填observing。 9．考查形容词。句意：抵达后，这台机器人对记者们说道，这次旅程是其机器生涯中非常难忘的一次经历，并幽默地表示它可能需要一双新鞋子了。此处修饰名词experience，应用形容词，根据语境可知，此处表示“难忘的”，应用unforgettable。故填unforgettable。 10．考查副词。句意：抵达后，这台机器人对记者们说道，这次旅程是其机器生涯中非常难忘的一次经历，并幽默地表示它可能需要一双新鞋子了。此处修饰动词noting，应用副词humorously“幽默地”，作状语。故填humorously。 （2026·河北·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It has been 10 years since Xueying 601, China’s first polar fixed-wing plane, 1 (official) commenced (开始) service in China’s polar expedition. The aircraft has conducted eight Antarctic expedition tasks, operated for more than 1,100 days and flown for over 2,500hours, with 2 total voyage distance of 800,000 kilometers. In January 2016, it flew over the Kunlun Station, China’s southernmost research station in Antarctica, at a low altitude, 3 obtained valuable flight data on takeoff and landing under high-altitude plateau conditions. One year later, it successfully took off and landed at the station, 4 (locate) at an altitude of more than 4,000 meters, setting a new record. “We 5 (acquire) scientific observation data covering more than 200,000 km through Xueying 601 for the past 10 years,” said Cui Xiangbin, head of the Zhongshan Station. The data collection range covers key regions in East Antarctica, including Princess Elizabeth Land, 6 the Grove Mountains are located. Thanks to the high-precision scientific instruments on the plane, a series of research 7 (achieve) have been made. These findings provide 8 (significance) support for scientists studying subglacial (冰川下的) environments, the impact of ice sheet stability on sea level change, and for 9 (conduct) numerical simulations (数值模拟) of past and future ice sheet dynamics. In the future, this “Polar Eagle” will continue to use science and technology as its wings 10 (contribute) China’s scientific strength to global polar scientific research. 【答案】 1．officially 2．a 3．and 4．located 5．have acquired 6．where 7．achievements 8．significant 9．conducting 10．to contribute 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国首架极地固定翼飞机“雪鹰601”自正式投入中国极地科考服务10年来所取得的成就，包括执行的任务次数、飞行时长、航程距离等，还阐述了其获取的科学观测数据对相关研究的重要支持作用，以及未来将继续为全球极地科学研究贡献力量。 1．考查副词。句意：自中国首架极地固定翼飞机“雪鹰601”正式投入中国极地科考服务以来，已经过去了10年。空处修饰动词commenced，需用副词形式作状语。故填officially。 2．考查冠词。句意：该飞机已执行了8次南极科考任务，运行超过1100天，飞行超过2500小时，总航程达80万公里。a total of为固定短语，意为“总共”。故填a。 3．考查连词。句意：2016年1月，它在低空飞越了中国南极最南端的研究站昆仑站，并获得了高原条件下起飞和降落的宝贵飞行数据。“flew over the Kunlun Station”和“obtained valuable flight data”是并列关系，需用连词and连接。故填and。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：一年后，它成功在该站起飞和降落，该站位于海拔4000多米的地方，创造了新的纪录。本句已有谓语动词took off and landed，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，the station和locate为动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填located。 5．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：“在过去的10年里，我们通过‘雪鹰601’获取了覆盖超过20万公里的科学观测数据，”中山站站长崔祥斌说。根据时间状语for the past 10 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为we，助动词用have。故填have acquired。 6．考查定语从句。句意：数据收集范围覆盖了包括伊丽莎白公主地在内的东南极关键地区，格罗夫山就位于那里。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Princess Elizabeth Land，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 7．考查名词。句意：得益于飞机上的高精度科学仪器，取得了一系列研究成果。a series of修饰可数名词复数，空处需填名词复数形式。故填achievements。 8．考查形容词。句意：这些发现为研究冰川下环境、冰盖稳定性对海平面变化的影响以及进行过去和未来冰盖动力学的数值模拟提供了重要支持。空处修饰名词support，需用形容词作定语。故填significant。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。介词for后面需填动名词形式作宾语。故填conducting。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：未来，这只“极地雄鹰”将继续以科技为翅膀，为全球极地科学研究贡献中国的科学力量。空处需填动词不定式作目的状语。故填to contribute。 8 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $