易错14 阅读理解（4大易错点+易错通关练+高考真题+热点话题练习）（易错培优练）（全国通用）2026年高考英语二轮复习高效培优系列

易错14 阅读理解 4大易错点+3大避坑点+闯关训练 目 录 第一部分 易错点剖析 1 易错典题 避错攻略 举一反三 易错01 细节理解题 1 易错02 推理判断题 8 易错03 词义猜测题 12 易错04 主旨大意题 21 第二部分 易错点闯关 25 闯关01 高考真题练习 25 闯关02 高考模拟真题练习 34 易错点1:细节理解题 易错典题 【例1】(2026浙江1月卷阅读理解A篇第23题) Application Package Artwork Statement: Please provide a brief statement (maximum 150 words) outlining your artwork concept. Artwork or Writing Submission: •Visual Art Submission: Please submit an artwork sketch (草图) of your concept. This can be a work in progress rather than a completed piece. If you are proposing to use a completed artwork, please submit it as your “sketch”. •Writing Submission: Submissions must be a maximum of 250 words. It may be a stand-alone piece such as a poem or short story or a part taken from a larger piece. •Artist Biography: Please provide a short introduction (maximum 50 words) to the artist written in the third person. 23. Which of the following meets the application requirements? A. A 150-word poem. B. A 100-word self-introduction. C. A 300-word story. D. A 200-word artwork statement. 【答案】A 【详解】细节理解题。根据 “Application Package”部分的要求：“Artwork Statement: maximum 150 words”（艺术说明：最多 150 词）；“Writing Submission: maximum250words”（文字作品：最多 250词）；“Artist Biography: maximum 50 words”（艺术家简介：最多50词）。对比选项：A项“150词的诗歌”属于文字作品，符合不超过250词的要求，正确；B项“100词的简介”超过了50词的要求；C项“300词的故事”超过了250词的要求；D项“200词的艺术说明”超过了150词的要求。故选 A。 【错因分析】这四件事文中都有提交，但是错误选项具体字数都是无中生有。 【例2】(2025全国二卷阅读理解D篇第33题) For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion. 33. Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment? A. To customize dishes for guests. （答非所问） B. To make the public aware of food waste. C. To test a food processing method. （答非所问） D. To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems. （答非所问） 【答案】B 【详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. (每道菜都是量身定制的，以提高人们对食物浪费的认识)”可知，Blue Hill餐厅进行这个实验，将菜单改为只提供原本会被扔掉的食物，是为了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。故选B。 【错因分析】选项A表示“为客户定制菜肴”，选项C表示“测试一个食物加工方法”，选项D表示“提高英国零浪费机制”均原文不一致，属于答非所问。 避错攻略 【干货必记】 1. 精准审题定位 根据题干关键词，快速找到原文对应段落与句子，不凭印象做题。 2. 圈画主体信息 圈出主语、人物、事物、观点，防止对象混淆，避开“张冠李戴”。 3. 原文双向比对 将选项与原文逐句对照：看主语是否一致、内容是否匹配、关系是否错乱。 4. 严守文本依据 一切以原文内容为准，不脑补、不推理、不加常识，杜绝“无中生有”。 举一反三 1.（2026·贵州遵义·一模）The most obvious difference between listening to music and playing it is that the latter requires fine motor skills, which are controlled in both hemispheres (半球) of the brain. It also combines the linguistic and mathematical accuracy, in which the left hemisphere is more involved, with the novel and creative content that the right excels in. In what way is playing music different from listening to music? A．It rarely depends on motor skills. B．It awakens most of the brain areas. C．It uses both hemispheres of the brain. D．It connects novel and creative content. 【答案】 C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“The most obvious difference between listening to music and playing it is that the latter requires fine motor skills, which are controlled in both hemispheres (半球) of the brain. (听音乐和演奏音乐之间最明显的区别是后者需要精细的运动技能，这些技能是由大脑的两个半球控制的)”可知，演奏音乐与听音乐的不同在于前者使用大脑的两个半球。故选C项。 2.（25-26高三上·四川绵阳·阶段练习）Would you like to spice up your daily routine? School clubs are an awesome way to focus on your interests while also providing a much-needed break from homework and studying. Even if your school doesn’t offer many different clubs, you may still be in luck. As long as you’re willing to put the work, you can start a club of your very own. Create a club that matches your interests. Your new club can be just about anything, as long as it doesn’t break your school’s rules. You might start a sports club, like badminton or ultimate frisbee, or an academic-themed club, like Model UN, mock trial, or chess. You could even focus on a really specific interest, like anime, gaming, or gardening. Choose a topic that really appeals to you, and that other students might be interested in joining. What is the aim of the school clubs? A．To develop your people skills. B．To break your daily routine. C．To promote your academic performance. D．To offer you relief from your studies. 【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。由文章第一段“School clubs are an awesome way to focus on your interests while also providing a much-needed break from homework and studying. (学校俱乐部是一种很好的方式来专注于你的兴趣，同时也提供了一个急需的在家庭作业和学习后的休息时间。)”可知，学校俱乐部的目的是让你从学习中解脱出来。故选D项。 3.（2026·贵州遵义·一模）For millions of years, bees, moths and other pollinators have used scents (香气) to locate flowers and transfer pollen (花粉) to any flowers they later visit. But something is changing today. When the scents of flowers interact with certain air pollutants (污染物) at night, key scents are destroyed. Moths and other nighttime pollinators may find it hard to recognize the flowers they were seeking, researchers show. Why do moths have trouble finding out flowers today? A．Flowers’ scents interrupt moth. B．Pollutants affect flowers’ scents. C．Flowers are not available at night. D．Flowers are changing their scents. 【答案】 B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“When the scents of flowers interact with certain air pollutants (污染物) at night, key scents are destroyed.(当花朵的气味在夜间与某些空气污染物相互作用时，关键的气味就会被破坏)”可知，某些空气污染物与花香相互作用后，一些关键的香气就会受损，从而导致使授粉者很难找到花源。故选 B。 易错02 推理判断题 易错典题 【例3】从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 【2024新课标II卷】 Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history. C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert. 35. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). (考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这正是AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence的用武之地。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战)”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. (人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书)”可知，本文主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。故选A项。 【例4】【2024全国甲卷】 The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ” 31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. 31.推断判断题。根据最后一段的““I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”(“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A。 避错攻略 【干货必记】 1. 定位情感词汇 在原文中寻找形容词、副词、转折词（but/however/yet）、评价类动词，判断作者或文中人物的褒、贬、中立态度。 2. 区分立场对象 看清题干问的是： - 作者态度 - 文中某人态度 - 大众态度 避免对象混淆，不张冠李戴。 3. 抓住首尾主旨 写作目的 = 文章主旨。 重点看：首段引入、尾段总结、全文反复强调的内容， 目的一般是：说明、介绍、劝说、呼吁、批判、建议等。 4. 排除极端干扰 态度题中，过于绝对、偏激、冷漠的词直接排除， 如：uninterested、indifferent、biased、absolutely 等， 高考正确态度多为：客观、支持、怀疑、批评、谨慎乐观。 8 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 举一反三 【2023新课标I卷】 In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 15. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. 15.推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.(尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。 【2023全国甲卷】 He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation. The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of. 31. What does the author think of Weiners book? A. Objective and plain. B. Daring and ambitious. C. Serious and hard to follow. D. Humorous and straightforward. 31.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“He makes philosopical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor.(他使哲学思想成为一种有吸引力的练习，可以提高我们经验的质量，而且他在做这件事的时候充满了幽默感。)”可知，Weiners的书很幽默，根据最后一段中“The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. (The Socrates Express是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它以其表面上的简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层思考中。)”可知，Weiners的书简单易懂，由此可知，Weiners的书既幽默又简单易懂。故选D。 【2024浙江1月卷】 Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety. 31. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada. C. The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. D. Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist. 31.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.(考虑到质疑的程度，斯廷旺德建议，“停止人工降雨是明智的。”在实践中，怀疑产生了相反的效果。由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证据，没有人成功地赢得了对人工降雨公司的诉讼。因此，私人气候工程可以在相对合法的安全条件下进行)”可推知，从最后一段我们能推断出人工降雨公司将继续存在。故选D项。 易错03 词义猜测题 易错典题 【例5】从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 【2025浙江1月卷】 A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. 28. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A. Running out of. B. Keeping away from. C. Putting up with. D. Taking advantage of. 28. B。词义猜测题。根据首段第二句“Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing.”以及最后一句中的to garden more like nature does可知，矩阵式种植方法旨在减少人工干预，发挥自然在花园的生长和设计中的更大作用。故Eschewing 应该指减少、摒弃化肥以及园艺电动工具的使用，故选B。 【干货必记】 1. 定位原句，圈出画线词 回到原文，找到该词所在句子，不凭记忆、不凭常识，只看上下文。 2. 利用逻辑关系判断 重点看附近关联词： - 并列/同义：and, or, also, similarly → 词义相近 - 转折/反义：but, however, yet, while, instead → 词义相反 - 因果：because, so, therefore → 由原因推结果 3. 借助上下文解释 - 后面有：that is, in other words, which 定语从句，就是解释词义 - 看前后例子、对比、同位语，猜出大概含义 4. 代入验证通顺 把选项意思代回原句，看逻辑是否通顺、是否符合文章主旨，不通就排除。 举一反三 【2024新课标II卷】 In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 32. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic. 32.词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示 “如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。 【2023全国甲卷】 Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with £ 5 in pocket money. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and it was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.” 24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1? A. An artist. B. A winner. C. A specialist. D. A pioneer. 24.词句猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. (她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知，此处指Terri Boltonis是一位DIY高手。C项“A specialist (一位专业人员)”最接近画线短语“a dab hand”的意思。故选C。 【2022新课标II卷】 We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal. This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age. 24. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2? A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me. C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me. 24. B。词句猜测题。根据第一段“We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.”以及画线词后文“as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而这在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选B。 易错点4: 主旨大意题 易错典题 【例6】从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 【2025全国二卷】 When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. “Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Time to Replace Houseplants B. Plants Boost Your Mood C. Tips on Choosing Houseplants D. Plants Brighten Your Home 31. 主旨大意题。文章第一段以Detrinidad的成功为例引出室内植物行业的兴起，第二段至第三段通过Knuth的研究说明植物能通过降低皮质醇水平改善心情、提升生产率，第四段鼓励人们尝试养植物。全文核心围绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开。选项B“Plants Boost Your Mood (植物改善你的情绪)”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选B。 避错攻略 【方法总结】 1. 重点锁定首尾段 文章主旨绝大多数出现在第一段引入和最后一段总结，这是主旨题核心定位区。 2. 抓取各段主题句 每段第一句或最后一句，通常是该段中心，串联起来就是全文主旨。 3. 寻找全文高频词 文中反复出现的名词、核心话题，一定是主旨关键词，正确选项必须包含它。 4. 排除细节干扰项 只讲某一段内容、某个例子、某个小信息，一定不是主旨。 5. 概括全面不片面 正确主旨：覆盖全文、不夸大、不缩小、不跑偏、不绝对。 举一反三 【2024新课标I卷】 We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 31. What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. 31.主旨大意题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”、第三段“By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. (通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。 【2024全国甲卷】 Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音)that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed. 27. What is a suitable title for the text? A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Your Cat's Behavior C. Have Fun with Your Cat D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy 27.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.( 动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior(了解你的猫的行为)”作文文章标题最为合适。故选B。 【2022全国甲卷】 Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city. 32. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. Sydney’s striking architecture. B. The cultural diversity of Sydney. C. The key to Sydney’s development. D. Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s. 32. C。主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. (20世纪60年代初，澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件大事。这座城市发现了它的港口) ”以及“But it is the harbor that makes the city. (但是是港口造就了城市)”可知，本段主要介绍了悉尼发展的关键是港口。故选C。 闯关一、高考真题练习。 【2025全国一卷】 In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: “Why is writing important?” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. This would have to change. As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. 24. Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1? A. Ninth graders. B. Students’ parents. C. Modern writers. D. Fictional characters. 25. Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay? A. They were not given enough time. B. They had a very limited vocabulary. C. They misunderstood the question. D. They had little interest in the topic. 26. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Mixed. B. Amazing. C. Similar. D. Disturbing. 27. What does the author’s experience show? A. Teaching is learning. B. Still waters run deep. C. Knowledge is power. D. Practice makes perfect. 【答案】24. D 25. D 26. B 27. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名写作课老师，通过教学实践逐渐认识到学生写作动力的来源以及写作真正意义的成长故事。 24．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. (去年，在我九年级的写作课上，我结识了一位拯救了自己小镇的牛仔、一位要求儿子门门功课全得A的严厉父亲，还有一位现代版的朱丽叶——因父母反对她年少的爱情而心碎离世。不止一次，我暗自琢磨，这些塑造了这些人物的学生，究竟是如何如此深谙他们笔下的角色的)”可知，这里提到的牛仔、严厉的父亲和现代版的朱丽叶都是学生在写作中创造出来的虚构人物。故选D。 25.推理判断题。根据第二段中“Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important.(大多数文章篇幅不足一页，几乎没有包含可被视为论点的句子。我感到震惊。随后我意识到问题出在题目本身。他们本可以就电脑的必要性写下数页内容，但写作本身根本没让他们觉得重要)”可推知，学生们在写第一篇作文时表现不佳，是因为他们对写作这个话题本身不感兴趣。故选D。 26.词句猜测题。根据第三段中“The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. (结果是staggering。学生们选取了多样的主题，交上来的故事每篇都有10到20页长，其中的人物拓宽了我的视野，也触动了我的心)”可知，学生们写出了内容丰富、打动人心的故事，与之前的表现形成强烈对比。staggering意为“令人震惊的、惊人的”，与B选项“Amazing(惊人的)”语义一致。故选B。 27.推理判断题。根据最后一段“I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. (我走进教室时坚信写作作为一种交流方式至关重要。然而，学生们向我展示了更为重要的东西。当六月的下课铃响起时，我带着一本满是留言的年鉴离开——这些留言诉说着写作最强大的意义：它能连接人与人，让我们换位思考，教会我们身为人类的真谛)”结合全文内容可知，文章通过作者的教学经历，说明她在教导学生的同时，自己也领悟到写作的真正意义，这一过程体现了“教学相长”的理念。选项A“Teaching is learning(教学相长)”符合文中描述的作者通过教学获得的新认识。故选A。 【2025全国一卷】 While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door. 28. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A. Cars often get stuck on the road. B. Traffic accidents occur frequently. C. People walk less and drive more. D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 29. What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A. Keep their cities livable. B. Promote cultural diversity. C. Help the needy families. D. Make expressways accessible. 30. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A. They boosted the sales of cars. B. They turned out largely ineffective. C. They won government support. D. They advocated building new parks. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Why the Rush? B. What’s Next? C. Where to Stay? D. Who to Blame? 【答案】28. C 29. A 30. B 31. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿童步行减少的现象，并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能，重视城市宜居性。 28.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. (虽然近年来我们的街道可能已经改善了安全性，但交通研究也表明行人的流动性下降，尤其是年轻儿童。许多家长说，路上的交通太拥挤，他们的孩子无法安全步行上学，所以他们把孩子塞进车里)”可知，作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。故选C。 29. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” (最著名的是，一位加拿大记者在20世纪50年代初举家迁往曼哈顿，她领导了一场阻止当地公园被毁的运动。在描述她对用高速公路取代公园的提议感到震惊时，Jane Jacobs呼吁她的市长捍卫“纽约作为适宜居住的地方，而不仅是匆匆穿过的通道”)”可推知，加拿大记者和其他运动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性。故选A。 30．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. (尽管这些运动很普遍，但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕汽车需求重新设计。道路上的汽车数量一直在迅速增加)”可推知，20世纪60年代末和70年代澳大利亚的竞选活动未能阻止汽车发展，基本上没有效果。故选B。 31. 主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章最后一段“We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? (我们在帮助我们快速通过的道路上投入了大量资金，但我们没有考虑到真正的成本。我们真的认识到当孩子们不能在我们的社区安全地移动时，我们作为一个社会将会付出什么代价吗)”可推知，本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象，A项“Why the Rush? (为何匆匆？)”质问“rush through (匆匆通行)”的规划理念，契合主旨，最适合作为本文标题。故选A。 【2024新课标I卷】 Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说).” According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies – say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand. C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media. 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students’ attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 【答案】28. D 29. A 30. A 31. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。 28.词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。 29.推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallowing hypothesis”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallowing hypothesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。 30.细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。 31.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。 闯关二、高考模拟真题练习。 （2026·山西朔州·一模）Digital Advertising Showcase your brand to a highly engaged scientific audience. With advanced technological targeting, we help you connect with more audiences, ensuring your message reaches the right people. First-class scientific and medical audiences Advertise across our trusted platforms — including Nature, Springer and BMC — and benefit from the credibility that comes with appearing alongside our journals. Our platforms reach an extensive global audience of more than 43 million monthly users, from pioneering scientists to hard-working health professionals. You can precision-target your exact audience working in scientific and medical fields, thanks to our powerful and privacy-forward targeting technologies. Targeting options Target by Journal Select from over 3,000journals and websites, including Nature Cell Biology, Human Cell, and Cell Discovery. Target by Audience Select users that are grouped based on their online reading behavior in the last 30 days. Add conditions such as country and place of work to create custom groups. Target by Keyword Display your ads on articles with matching keywords, such as symptoms, rare disorders, product names. Leaderboard Offering top-of-page initial impact and a reader-friendly wide format. Available across Nature, Springer and BMC. Adaptive Billboard A beautiful background for your messaging that runs across desktop, tablet and mobile devices. It gives you maximum exposure with a large 970×250 ad on larger screens, adapting to a 728×90px size on tablets, and 300×50px/300×250px on mobile. Available on the homepages of the Nature Portfolio journals. 1．Who might be interested in the products to be advertised on the platforms? A．Those with a taste for digital advertising. B．Those reliable and hard-working. C．Those having good reading habits. D．Those working in scientific and medical fields. 2．What can you do to target precisely? A．Advertise on 3000 journals. B．Target by the effect of product. C．Select online users by reading behavior. D．Present some keywords. 3．How does Adaptive Billboard adjust on different devices? A．By adapting size for each screen. B．By changing content per device. C．By changing the size of a homepage. D．By using a beautiful background. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了面向科医领域的数字广告服务，包括受众优势、精准定位方式及两种广告形式。 1．逻辑推理题。根据First-class scientific and medical audiences部分中“You can precision-target your exact audience working in scientific and medical fields, thanks to our powerful and privacy-forward targeting technologies.(得益于我们强大且注重隐私的定位技术，你可以精准定位到在科学和医疗领域工作的目标受众)”可知，在科学和医疗领域工作的人是这些平台广告的精准目标，因此这类人群会对广告产品感兴趣。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据Targeting options部分中Target by Audience的描述“Select users that are grouped based on their online reading behavior in the last 30 days.(选择根据过去30天在线阅读行为分组的用户)”可知，通过在线阅读行为筛选用户是实现精准定位的方式之一。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据Adaptive Billboard部分中的“It gives you maximum exposure with a large 970×250 ad on larger screens, adapting to a 728×90px size on tablets, and 300×50px/300×250px on mobile.(在大屏幕上，它以970×250的大尺寸广告为你带来最大曝光量，在平板电脑上适配为728×90像素，在手机上适配为300×50像素/300×250像素)”可知，自适应广告牌通过为不同屏幕调整广告尺寸来适配设备。故选A项。 （2026·山东东营·一模）Edinburgh, Scotland’s capital, is famous for its lively summer festival and moody gothic architecture — but a short break here offers plenty more besides. This walkable city packs unforgettable experiences into a single day, from literary trails to fine dining and historic pubs. 8 a.m.: Explore the old town Craft your own literary trail starting in the Grassmarket. Climb the Miss Jean Brodie Steps to view Edinburgh Castle framed by narrow lanes, and then wander into Greyfriars Kirkyard, a 17th-century cemetery. Sharp-eyed Harry Potter fans will spot familiar names on gravestones, including ones that inspired You-Know-Who. 11 a.m.: Dive into the past Across from the cemetery is the National Museum of Scotland, whose galleries cover time and continents with a focus on Scottish history and culture. Don’t miss Alexander Graham Bell’s original telephone and a Trainspotting screenplay signed by Ewan McGregor. For a different experience, visit Surgeons’ Hall, which showcases Edinburgh’s medical history. 2 p.m.: Head for the river After morning culture, take a short tram from Princes Street to Leith, which holds a quarter of Scotland’s Michelin-starred restaurants, including Tom Kitchin’s The Kitchin. Its lunch menu features seasonal Scottish fare, such as the lobster from just three bus stops down the coast, which tastes all the better for it. Little wonder Welsh himself is a regular. 7 p.m.: Drink up No Edinburgh day is complete without a pub stop, and the New Town has great options. Sherlock Holmes fans should seek out The Conan Doyle, a historic pub near the author’s birthplace. Step inside and enjoy a refreshing local ale or whisky to wind down after a busy day of exploration. 1．Which place will fantasy fiction lovers want to visit? A．Princes Street. B．Surgeons’ Hall. C．Greyfriars Kirkyard. D．The New Town. 2．Why is Welsh a regular at the Kitchin? A．It offers fresh lobster. B．It serves tasty seasonal local food. C．It is within walking distance. D．It is a Michelin-starred restaurant. 3．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To share personal travel experiences. B．To compare Edinburgh’s tourist attractions. C．To recommend a one-day trip to Edinburgh. D．To advertise Edinburgh’s festival and architecture. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要为读者推荐了爱丁堡一日游的行程，介绍了当地的文学景点、文化博物馆、特色美食和历史酒吧。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Craft your own literary trail starting in the Grassmarket. Climb the Miss Jean Brodie Steps to view Edinburgh Castle framed by narrow lanes, and then wander into Greyfriars Kirkyard, a 17th-century cemetery. Sharp-eyed Harry Potter fans will spot familiar names on gravestones, including ones that inspired You-Know-Who.(从格拉斯市场出发，开启您的文学之旅吧。爬上Miss Jean Brodie Steps，欣赏被狭窄小巷环绕的爱丁堡城堡美景。然后漫步进入Greyfriars Kirkyard，那里是 17 世纪的公墓。眼光敏锐的《哈利·波特》粉丝们会发现墓碑上有着熟悉的名字，其中包括一些给了“神秘人”灵感的名字。)”可知，奇幻小说爱好者会想去Greyfriars Kirkyard。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Its lunch menu features seasonal Scottish fare, such as the lobster from just three bus stops down the coast, which tastes all the better for it. Little wonder Welsh himself is a regular.(餐厅的午间菜单主打苏格兰时令风味，例如来自海岸线外仅三站公交距离的龙虾，因产地之近而愈发鲜美。难怪Welsh本人也是常客)”可知，Welsh是餐厅常客，是因为这里提供美味的时令当地食物。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“This walkable city packs unforgettable experiences into a single day, from literary trails to fine dining and historic pubs.(这座适合步行的城市在一天内就能带来难忘的体验，从文学步道到精致餐饮再到历史酒吧。)”以及全文按时间顺序介绍爱丁堡一日游的各个环节，可推知作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐爱丁堡一日游行程。故选C。 （2026·广东·二模）Every morning, the soft fluff of alpaca wool fills a small workshop on Amantani Island, Peru. Oswaldo Mamani, 56, sits by a wooden table, skillfully stitching wool into tiny alpaca toys. The movement looks simple and smooth, but it is the fruit of 40 years of constant practice and devotion. Mamani is a well-known inheritor of traditional Peruvian alpaca wool craftsmanship, a precious intangible cultural heritage deeply rooted in the Andes. For over 800 years, local artisans have been perfecting this craft, turning soft alpaca wool into lovely and durable handiworks. The craft relies on four key elements: high-quality alpaca wool from local herds, fine needles made of natural bamboo, pure water from mountain streams, and secret stitching techniques passed down from master to apprentice. Born into a family of wool artisans, Mamani started learning the craft at 16, studying under his father, a master craftsman famous for his delicate stitching. He spent decades mastering core skills, from cleaning wool to shaping the finished toys. For him, the essence of the craft lies in respect for nature and attention to every tiny detail. “Every stitch must be even and tight, and each toy’s expression needs careful design,” Mamani said. “Alpaca wool crafting is not just a job. It needs profound reverence for these animals, as we rely on their wool, and precise skills to bring each toy to life.” Though modern machines can produce woolen toys quickly, Mamani insists that handcrafting can never be replaced. “Machines can copy the shape, but they can’t feel the softness of the wool or create the warm ‘smiles’ on each toy,” he said. “True handcrafted alpaca toys are made with heart and time, and that’s what makes them popular around the world.” 1．What can we know about the traditional Peruvian alpaca wool craftsmanship? A．It is a newly recognized cultural heritage. B．It requires great effort and precision. C．It is mainly passed down through schools. D．It uses man-made materials instead of natural ones. 2．What does the underlined word “essence” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Value. B．Standard. C．Core. D．History. 3．Which word can best describe Oswaldo Mamani? A．Patient and devoted. B．Creative and outgoing. C．Brave and ambitious. D．Humorous and hardworking. 4．What does Mamani’s story mainly convey? A．Machines can copy, but never create with heart. B．Tradition survives only through constant practice. C．Quality matters more than speed. D．True craftsmanship lies in the machines. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述秘鲁羊驼毛手工艺传承人Mamani四十年坚守匠心，坚持纯手工制作，诠释传统技艺不可替代的温度与价值。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The movement looks simple and smooth, but it is the fruit of 40 years of constant practice and devotion.(这个动作看起来简单流畅，但却是 40 年不断练习和投入的结果。)”和第四段““Every stitch must be even and tight, and each toy’s expression needs careful design,” Mamani said. (“每一针都必须均匀、紧实，每个玩具的表情都需要精心设计。”Mamani说道。)”可知，这项工艺需要极大的努力和精准度。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“He spent decades mastering core skills, from cleaning wool to shaping the finished toys. For him, the essence of the craft lies in respect for nature and attention to every tiny detail.(他花了数十年时间掌握核心技艺，从清洗羊毛到塑造成品玩具。对他而言，这门手艺的essence在于尊重自然、关注每一个微小细节。)”可知，这里指该技术的精髓是尊重自然，关注细节，所以essence意为“核心、精髓”，与core(核心)语义相近。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“The movement looks simple and smooth, but it is the fruit of 40 years of constant practice and devotion.(这个动作看似简单流畅，却是四十年坚持不懈练习与全身心投入的成果。)”和第四段““Every stitch must be even and tight, and each toy’s expression needs careful design,” Mamani said. (“每一针都必须均匀、紧实，每个玩具的表情都需要精心设计。”Mamani说道。)”可知，Mamani耐心且专注投入。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Machines can copy the shape, but they can’t feel the softness of the wool or create the warm ‘smiles’ on each toy,” he said. “True handcrafted alpaca toys are made with heart and time, and that’s what makes them popular around the world.”(他说：“机器可以复刻外形，却感受不到羊毛的柔软，也无法赋予每个玩具温暖的‘笑容’。真正手工制作的羊驼玩具是用心和时间打造的，这正是它们风靡全球的原因。”)”以及上文内容可知，文章主要传达：机器可以复制，却无法用心创作。故选A项。 （2026·贵州六盘水·二模）On the second floor of Nairobi’s Panari Hotel, next to a movie theater, is a small ice hockey (冰球) area that serves as the home base for the Kenya Ice Lions, the only ice hockey team in equatorial Africa. The team began informally in 2016, when a few young Kenyans working as skating instructors grew tired of just watching Westerners play hockey and decided to give it a try themselves. Soon, they began recruiting (招募) players from Nairobi’s rollerskating community and collecting together hockey equipment from secondhand markets. It wasn’t long before the feel-good story of hockey on the equator started to spread. In 2018, a Chinese company helped to film a television advertisement with a title Ice hockey in Kenya? No dream is too big. It raised the team’s publicity (关注度). Later that same year, a Canadian restaurant chain flew the team to Canada for training and equipped the players with full sets. For some of the Kenyans, it was their first time to leave Africa. The team came home with determination to build up Kenya’s hockey ecosystem and immediate actions were taken. Retired Canadian professor Saroya Tinker was invited by the Ice Lions to help launch a women’s league. And the team set up a Saturday youth club to develop talents for future generations. Currently, as many as 70 kids show up for weekend practices. The Ice Lions hope to take part in the first ever African Nations Cup next June in Cape Town, South Africa, with the goal of eventually qualifying for the Olympics. “Nothing is impossible,” they think. 1．What can we know about the initial Ice Lions? A．Its equipment was poor. B．Its ice hockey area was large. C．It consisted of volunteers. D．It was created by Westerners. 2．What did the Chinese company do to help the Ice Lions? A．Flew the team abroad. B．Recruited voluntary players. C．Filmed an advertisement. D．Provided training and full sets. 3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．The bright future of hockey in Kenya. B．The biggest challenge of hockey in Kenya. C．The setup of women’s hockey team in Kenya. D．The team’s efforts to develop hockey in Kenya. 4．What does the author think of the hockey team in Kenya? A．Weak but smart. B．Young but promising. C．Professional but modest. D．Unknown but competitive. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了赤道非洲唯一的冰球队肯尼亚冰狮队的创立、发展历程，球队获中加助力后积极培育冰球人才，还怀揣参赛奥运的梦想并坚信一切皆有可能。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Soon, they began recruiting (招募) players from Nairobi’s rollerskating community and collecting together hockey equipment from secondhand markets. (不久，他们开始从内罗毕的轮滑队社区招募球员，并从二手市场收集冰球设备)”可知，最初的冰狮队冰球装备是从二手市场收集的，装备简陋。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In 2018, a Chinese company helped to film a television advertisement with a title Ice hockey in Kenya? No dream is too big.(2018年，一家中国公司协助拍摄了一则电视广告，标题为Ice hockey in Kenya? No dream is too big.)”可知，中国公司为冰狮队拍摄了一则电视广告。故选C项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The team came home with determination to build up Kenya’s hockey ecosystem and immediate actions were taken. Retired Canadian professor Saroya Tinker was invited by the Ice Lions to help launch a women’s league. And the team set up a Saturday youth club to develop talents for future generations. (球队带着建立肯尼亚冰球生态系统的决心回家，并立即采取了行动。加拿大退休教授Saroya Tinker受冰狮邀请，帮助发起女子联盟。该团队成立了一个周六青年俱乐部，为子孙后代培养人才)”可知，球队创办女子联赛、设立青年俱乐部，由此可知，该段核心是冰狮队为发展肯尼亚冰球所做出的各项努力。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段“The team began informally in 2016, (球队2016年才非正式创立)”可知，这支队伍十分年轻，根据最后一段“The Ice Lions hope to take part in the first ever African Nations Cup next June in Cape Town, South Africa, with the goal of eventually qualifying for the Olympics. “Nothing is impossible,” they think.(冰狮队希望参加明年6月在南非开普敦举行的首届非洲国家杯，最终获得奥运会参赛资格。“没有什么是不可能的，”他们认为)”可知，球队怀揣参加奥运会的梦想且坚信一切皆有可能，由此推知，作者认为这支球队年轻但有前途。故选B项。 （2026·江西·一模）Humans are so hardwired to fit in with the crowd that they often ignore potential risks. Following trends blindly isn’t a sign of character weakness or mental health trouble. Instead, says psychologist Pamela B．Rutledge, it’s perfectly normal. That is linked with a psychological concept that refers to humans’ core need to belong to a social group and bond with others. It’s considered to be one of humans’ basic needs. Multiple psychological analyses argue that human connections are as important as basics like food and shelter. Though following a trend on social media isn’t exactly as important as outrunning a tiger, human evolution has made our brains adapt themselves to social signals. Has social media changed how humans signal their social condition to one another? Not exactly, says Rutledge. “Rather, it has certainly allowed certain trends to circulate faster and farther than they would have otherwise. Take fashion: While trends once walked down from fashion runways toward common use over years, social media now allows mini-trends to emerge and die out within weeks.” People all find that trends elicit a pull, and psychologists have figured out reasons. Blame evolution again, Rutledge suggests. “Our brains are hardwired to notice things that are unusual,” she says. “If it’s not normal and other people are all doing it, we have to check it out.” Thus, we notice attention grabbers, giving trends even more reasons for people to follow them. No one is free from noticing trends, but one group in particular is more likely to follow trends: Teens and young adults. Older adults tend to feel more secure in their identity, a sense that may protect them from being as sensitive to every passing craze. Indeed, social attention varies by age, with older adults not paying as much attention to how they communicate and are linked with others as their younger counterparts. Individuals may be more sensitive to social reward-positive input from members of their social circles-during midlife. 1．What does the underlined word “hardwired” most probably mean in the first sentence of the passage? A．Connected by wires. B．easily changed. C．Naturally programmed. D．Socially influenced. 2．What can we infer from the psychologist’s comparison between following social media trends and outrunning a tiger? A．Evolutionary instincts play a role in both behaviors. B．Following trends is a matter of life and death. C．Social media trends are more dangerous than tigers. D．Humans are more afraid of social exclusion than physical threats. 3．What does the example of fashion trends in Paragraph 2 primarily to illustrate? A．fashion trends have become less important in the digital age. B．mini-trends are replacing traditional fashion cycles. C．fashion shows are no longer the main source of trends. D．social media has accelerated the cycle of trend spread. 4．According to the passage, how does the author view the phenomenon of following trends? A．It is a sign of psychological vulnerability. B．It is an unavoidable and normal human behavior. C．It is a problem that mainly affects young people. D．It is harmful because it distracts from real dangers. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们盲目跟风的现象——人类有融入群体的核心需求，盲目跟风正常。社交媒体让潮流传播更快更广。青少年和年轻人更易跟风，年长者身份认同感强，中年人可能更看重社交圈的正向反馈。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“fit in with the crowd that they often ignore potential risks (融入群体，因此常常会忽视潜在的风险)”以及“That is linked with a psychological concept that refers to humans’ core need to belong to a social group and bond with others. (这与一个心理学概念有关，该概念指的是人类内心深处对于归属于某个社会群体以及与他人建立联系的强烈需求。)”可知，人类天生就有融入群体的倾向。故划线词意思是“与生俱来的、本能的”。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Though following a trend on social media isn’t exactly as important as outrunning a tiger, human evolution has made our brains adapt themselves to social signals. (虽然在社交媒体上紧跟潮流的重要性不如成功躲避猛虎那么重要，但人类的进化使我们的大脑能够适应社会信号。)”可知，作者把“追潮流”和“躲避老虎”类比，是为了说明两者都受进化本能影响。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段““Rather, it has certainly allowed certain trends to circulate faster and farther than they would have otherwise. Take fashion: While trends once walked down from fashion runways toward common use over years, social media now allows mini-trends to emerge and die out within weeks.” (“相反，它确实使得某些潮流的传播速度和范围比原本的情况要快得多、更广袤。以时尚为例：过去，潮流是沿着时装秀的舞台一路发展，再逐渐普及开来，但如今社交媒体使得一些小潮流能够在短短几周内兴起又消退。”)”可知，时尚例子是为了证明：社交媒体加速了潮流传播与更替。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Following trends blindly isn’t a sign of character weakness or mental health trouble. Instead, says psychologist Pamela B. Rutledge, it’s perfectly normal. (盲目跟风并非意味着个人性格软弱或存在心理健康问题。心理学家帕梅拉·B·鲁特利奇表示，这种行为完全正常。)”以及最后一段“No one is free from noticing trends, but one group in particular is more likely to follow trends: Teens and young adults. (没有人会完全不关注潮流变化，但有一群人尤其容易受到潮流的影响：那就是青少年和年轻人。)”可知，作者观点：追潮流是正常、不可避免的人类行为。故选B。 （2026·山东临沂·一模）Fifteen decades ago, Francis Galton first came up with the term “nature versus nurture”, and this debate over the factors shaping human identity has long been a central topic in human sciences. Do our genes determine our life paths, as hereditarians (遗传论者) argue? Or are we born as empty paper, shaped merely by the experiences we have in our families and the wider world? Today, however, a new branch of science is ready to overturn the debate. Through this new perspective, nature and nurture are hardly separable at all — genes and the environment do not act independently, but instead interact closely and even shape one another in tangible ways. Genes do not shape our identities merely on their own within our bodies; instead, they function partly by molding the environments we choose or create. A striking finding of this research is that our environment is, in part, shaped by the genes of the people around us. Initial research suggests that your partner’s genes influence your likelihood of depression almost a third as much as your own genes do. A few students with a genetic trend for smoking in a high school seemed to cause smoking rates to skyrocket across the entire grade — even among students who have no direct contact with these students — like a gene-driven wildfire spreading through social networks. Genes alone aren’t enough to determine these outcomes and neither is environment. Nature and nurture both shape each other, with nature influencing the way we experience nurture and nurture influencing the way our nature expresses itself. The more opportunities and information the environment provides — the more varied environments become — the bigger the role that genetic variation plays in distinguishing us into different groups. Nature and nurture aren’t separate forces — they’re a Möbius strip (莫比乌斯环), endlessly circling back on each other. This interdependence means their interaction is fluid and reciprocal, a core insight of sociogenomics that bridges genetic and social science. 1．Why did the author mention the “nature versus nurture” debate in paragraph 1? A．To emphasize the dominant role of family experiences. B．To introduce a long-standing core topic in human sciences. C．To highlight the weakness of early hereditarians’ arguments. D．To lay a contrastive foundation for a new scientific perspective. 2．What can be inferred from the example of students? A．Smoking behavior spreads mainly through direct persuasion. B．Genetic tendencies can indirectly change group behavior. C．School rules fail to control students’ genetic instincts. D．Only smokers’ friends adopt the same genetic risks. 3．What happens when environments become more diverse according to paragraph 3? A．People rely less on their genetic traits. B．Genetic differences play a smaller role. C．Genetic differences become more influential. D．Nurture becomes more important than nature. 4．What does the author mean by comparing nature and nurture to a “Möbius strip”? A．They depend entirely on physical conditions. B．They have a one-way influence on each other. C．They form a complex, continuous cycle of impact. D．They are two separate parts of human development. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍 “先天与后天” 之争，指出二者并非独立，而是紧密互动、相互塑造，环境越多样基因差异影响越大，二者如莫比乌斯环般相互依存。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Today, however, a new branch of science is ready to overturn the debate. Through this new perspective, nature and nurture are hardly separable at all — genes and the environment do not act independently, but instead interact closely and even shape one another in tangible ways.(然而，如今有一门新的学科即将彻底改变这场争论。从这个新的视角来看，先天因素和后天培养几乎完全不可分割——基因和环境并非独立运作，而是相互密切作用，并以切实的方式影响彼此)”可知，提及“先天因素与后天因素”的争论是为一种新的科学观点奠定对比性的基础。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“A few students with a genetic trend for smoking in a high school seemed to cause smoking rates to skyrocket across the entire grade — even among students who have no direct contact with these students — like a gene-driven wildfire spreading through social networks.(一所高中的少数学生具有吸烟的遗传倾向，这似乎导致整个年级的吸烟率大幅上升——甚至在那些与这些学生没有直接接触的学生中也是如此——就像一种由基因驱动的“野火”在社交网络中蔓延开来)”可知，遗传倾向能够间接地影响群体行为。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“The more opportunities and information the environment provides — the more varied environments become — the bigger the role that genetic variation plays in distinguishing us into different groups.(环境所提供的机会和信息越多——环境的多样性也就越强——那么基因变异在将我们区分为不同群体方面所起的作用也就越大)”可知，当环境变得更加多样化时，遗传差异的影响愈发显著。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nature and nurture aren’t separate forces — they’re a Möbius strip (莫比乌斯环), endlessly circling back on each other. This interdependence means their interaction is fluid and reciprocal, a core insight of sociogenomics that bridges genetic and social science.(先天因素与后天培养并非相互独立的力量——它们就像一个莫比乌斯环，彼此不断相互环绕。这种相互依存的关系意味着它们之间的相互作用是灵活且相互关联的，这是社会基因组学的核心见解，它将遗传学和社会科学联系了起来)”可知，作者将先天因素和后天培养比作“莫比乌斯环”意在表达它们形成了一个复杂的、连续的相互影响的循环。故选C。 （2026·河北·一模）There is a famous quote: “Perfection is not attainable, but if we chase (努力获得) perfection we can catch excellence.” Perfectionism provides meaning, yet unknown to the perfectionist, it’s often built on a foundation of sand. Most of the time, perfectionists don’t even know why they want this. In treatment, I often use thought experiments, asking people to consider alternative lives and even fantastic versions of them. Philosophy and psychology are so deeply connected because how we live is closely associated with a basic belief of why we should live in some manner. Deep thought is the foundation of a sound and healthy mind. So, therapy (心理治疗) can help patients explore the assumptions of their goals. Perfectionism can be viewed in several ways. One version implies the pursuit of harmony, where one achieves a state of balance. This version of the construct views perfectionism as a process rather than an end state — a constant attempt to become a better fit in one’s environment. Another version of perfectionism, and the much more common one, imagines perfection to extremes. So, for example, one may wish to become the best parent, the best in their profession, and have enough time left over to enjoy hobbies and a social life, all at the same time. Patients are often asked by me to seriously consider whether others deserve the perfect versions of them, and if so, then why? Because perfectionists tend to base their self-worth on their contributions, they frequently fail to note that others may fail to be perfect contributors. Moreover, I ask: Will others’ praise finally make you like yourself? The answer, surprisingly, is often no. No because effort feels one-sided. No because they don’t love their contributions for their own sake (因其本身). And no because they still don’t feel appreciated or respected. Life after perfectionism can still have some degree of perfectionism in it. But this life likely includes the pursuit of perfection for its own sake and at one’s own pace. This version of perfection is based on a very strong feeling of enthusiasm and a clear sense of importance. 1．What does the author say about perfectionism? A．It rests on shaky grounds. B．It does more good than harm. C．It sets the stage for excellence. D．It comes with unexplained reasons. 2．Who has the more common version of perfectionism? A．An athlete perfecting his ability in a sport. B．A manager demanding the best in everything. C．An academic learning more about his discipline. D．A mother hoping to gradually be a better parent. 3．What does the answer imply about perfectionists in paragraph 4? A．They’re unlikely to love themselves. B．They make one-sided contributions. C．They’re unsatisfied with outside praise. D．They fail to win others’ appreciation. 4．What should people do for a healthy pursuit of perfection? A．Act out of passion and purpose. B．Rule out long-term perfectionism. C．Figure out versions of perfectionism. D．Prioritize improvement over perfection. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了完美主义的脆弱基础及其对自我价值感的负面影响，区分了两种类型的完美主义，并揭示了完美主义者难以自爱的困境，最后建议实践健康的完美主义。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Perfectionism provides meaning, yet unknown to the perfectionist, it’s often built on a foundation of sand. (完美主义赋予意义，但完美主义者不知道的是，它常常建立在流沙般的基础上。)”可知，作者认为完美主义建立在不可靠的基础上。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Another version of perfectionism, and the much more common one, imagines perfection to extremes. So, for example, one may wish to become the best parent, the best in their profession, and have enough time left over to enjoy hobbies and a social life, all at the same time. (完美主义的另一个版本，也是更常见的一个，将完美想象到极致。例如，一个人可能希望同时成为最好的父母、成为职业中最优秀的人，并且还有足够的时间享受爱好和社交生活。)”可知，更常见的完美主义被描述为“追求极致”和“同时在多领域做到最好”。“要求事事做到最好的经理”体现了这种极端、多领域同时追求最佳的特征。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Moreover, I ask: Will others’ praise finally make you like yourself? The answer, surprisingly, is often no. No because effort feels one-sided. No because they don’t love their contributions for their own sake (因其本身). And no because they still don’t feel appreciated or respected. (此外，我问：别人的赞美最终会让你喜欢自己吗？令人惊讶的是，答案往往是否定的。不，是因为付出的过程感觉是单方面的。不，是因为他们并非出于真心喜爱自己的贡献。而且不，是因为他们仍然没有感受到被欣赏或尊重。)”可知，完美主义者即使得到外界赞美也无法满足。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But this life likely includes the pursuit of perfection for its own sake and at one’s own pace. This version of perfection is based on a very strong feeling of enthusiasm and a clear sense of importance. (但这种生活可能包含为了完美本身并以自己的节奏去追求完美。这种完美版本基于非常强烈的热情感和明确的重要性意识。)”可知，为了追求一种健康的完美状态，人们应该出于热情和目的去行动。故选A项。 $易错14 阅读理解 4大易错点+3大避坑点+闯关训练 目 录 第一部分 易错点剖析 1 易错典题 避错攻略 举一反三 易错01 细节理解题 1 易错02 推理判断题 8 易错03 词义猜测题 12 易错04 主旨大意题 21 第二部分 易错点闯关 25 闯关01 高考真题练习 25 闯关02 高考模拟真题练习 34 易错点1:细节理解题 易错典题 【例1】(2026浙江1月卷阅读理解A篇第23题) Application Package Artwork Statement: Please provide a brief statement (maximum 150 words) outlining your artwork concept. Artwork or Writing Submission: •Visual Art Submission: Please submit an artwork sketch (草图) of your concept. This can be a work in progress rather than a completed piece. If you are proposing to use a completed artwork, please submit it as your “sketch”. •Writing Submission: Submissions must be a maximum of 250 words. It may be a stand-alone piece such as a poem or short story or a part taken from a larger piece. •Artist Biography: Please provide a short introduction (maximum 50 words) to the artist written in the third person. 23. Which of the following meets the application requirements? A. A 150-word poem. B. A 100-word self-introduction. C. A 300-word story. D. A 200-word artwork statement. 【错因分析】这四件事文中都有提交，但是错误选项具体字数都是无中生有。 【例2】(2025全国二卷阅读理解D篇第33题) For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion. 33. Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment? A. To customize dishes for guests. （答非所问） B. To make the public aware of food waste. C. To test a food processing method. （答非所问） D. To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems. （答非所问） 【错因分析】选项A表示“为客户定制菜肴”，选项C表示“测试一个食物加工方法”，选项D表示“提高英国零浪费机制”均原文不一致，属于答非所问。 避错攻略 【干货必记】 1. 精准审题定位 根据题干关键词，快速找到原文对应段落与句子，不凭印象做题。 2. 圈画主体信息 圈出主语、人物、事物、观点，防止对象混淆，避开“张冠李戴”。 3. 原文双向比对 将选项与原文逐句对照：看主语是否一致、内容是否匹配、关系是否错乱。 4. 严守文本依据 一切以原文内容为准，不脑补、不推理、不加常识，杜绝“无中生有”。 举一反三 1.（2026·贵州遵义·一模）The most obvious difference between listening to music and playing it is that the latter requires fine motor skills, which are controlled in both hemispheres (半球) of the brain. It also combines the linguistic and mathematical accuracy, in which the left hemisphere is more involved, with the novel and creative content that the right excels in. In what way is playing music different from listening to music? A．It rarely depends on motor skills. B．It awakens most of the brain areas. C．It uses both hemispheres of the brain. D．It connects novel and creative content. 2.（25-26高三上·四川绵阳·阶段练习）Would you like to spice up your daily routine? School clubs are an awesome way to focus on your interests while also providing a much-needed break from homework and studying. Even if your school doesn’t offer many different clubs, you may still be in luck. As long as you’re willing to put the work, you can start a club of your very own. Create a club that matches your interests. Your new club can be just about anything, as long as it doesn’t break your school’s rules. You might start a sports club, like badminton or ultimate frisbee, or an academic-themed club, like Model UN, mock trial, or chess. You could even focus on a really specific interest, like anime, gaming, or gardening. Choose a topic that really appeals to you, and that other students might be interested in joining. What is the aim of the school clubs? A．To develop your people skills. B．To break your daily routine. C．To promote your academic performance. D．To offer you relief from your studies. 3.（2026·贵州遵义·一模）For millions of years, bees, moths and other pollinators have used scents (香气) to locate flowers and transfer pollen (花粉) to any flowers they later visit. But something is changing today. When the scents of flowers interact with certain air pollutants (污染物) at night, key scents are destroyed. Moths and other nighttime pollinators may find it hard to recognize the flowers they were seeking, researchers show. Why do moths have trouble finding out flowers today? A．Flowers’ scents interrupt moth. B．Pollutants affect flowers’ scents. C．Flowers are not available at night. D．Flowers are changing their scents. 易错02 推理判断题 易错典题 【例3】从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 【2024新课标II卷】 Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history. C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert. 【例4】【2024全国甲卷】 The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ” 31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. 避错攻略 【干货必记】 1. 定位情感词汇 在原文中寻找形容词、副词、转折词（but/however/yet）、评价类动词，判断作者或文中人物的褒、贬、中立态度。 2. 区分立场对象 看清题干问的是： - 作者态度 - 文中某人态度 - 大众态度 避免对象混淆，不张冠李戴。 3. 抓住首尾主旨 写作目的 = 文章主旨。 重点看：首段引入、尾段总结、全文反复强调的内容， 目的一般是：说明、介绍、劝说、呼吁、批判、建议等。 4. 排除极端干扰 态度题中，过于绝对、偏激、冷漠的词直接排除， 如：uninterested、indifferent、biased、absolutely 等， 高考正确态度多为：客观、支持、怀疑、批评、谨慎乐观。 8 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 举一反三 【2023新课标I卷】 In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 15. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. 【2023全国甲卷】 He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation. The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of. 31. What does the author think of Weiners book? A. Objective and plain. B. Daring and ambitious. C. Serious and hard to follow. D. Humorous and straightforward. 【2024浙江1月卷】 Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety. 31. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada. C. The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. D. Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist. 易错03 词义猜测题 易错典题 【例5】从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 【2025浙江1月卷】 A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. 28. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A. Running out of. B. Keeping away from. C. Putting up with. D. Taking advantage of. 【干货必记】 1. 定位原句，圈出画线词 回到原文，找到该词所在句子，不凭记忆、不凭常识，只看上下文。 2. 利用逻辑关系判断 重点看附近关联词： - 并列/同义：and, or, also, similarly → 词义相近 - 转折/反义：but, however, yet, while, instead → 词义相反 - 因果：because, so, therefore → 由原因推结果 3. 借助上下文解释 - 后面有：that is, in other words, which 定语从句，就是解释词义 - 看前后例子、对比、同位语，猜出大概含义 4. 代入验证通顺 把选项意思代回原句，看逻辑是否通顺、是否符合文章主旨，不通就排除。 举一反三 【2024新课标II卷】 In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 32. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic. 【2023全国甲卷】 Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with £ 5 in pocket money. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and it was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.” 24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1? A. An artist. B. A winner. C. A specialist. D. A pioneer. 【2022新课标II卷】 We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal. This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age. 24. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2? A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me. C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me. 易错点4: 主旨大意题 易错典题 【例6】从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 【2025全国二卷】 When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. “Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Time to Replace Houseplants B. Plants Boost Your Mood C. Tips on Choosing Houseplants D. Plants Brighten Your Home 避错攻略 【方法总结】 1. 重点锁定首尾段 文章主旨绝大多数出现在第一段引入和最后一段总结，这是主旨题核心定位区。 2. 抓取各段主题句 每段第一句或最后一句，通常是该段中心，串联起来就是全文主旨。 3. 寻找全文高频词 文中反复出现的名词、核心话题，一定是主旨关键词，正确选项必须包含它。 4. 排除细节干扰项 只讲某一段内容、某个例子、某个小信息，一定不是主旨。 5. 概括全面不片面 正确主旨：覆盖全文、不夸大、不缩小、不跑偏、不绝对。 举一反三 【2024新课标I卷】 We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 31. What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. 【2024全国甲卷】 Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音)that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed. 27. What is a suitable title for the text? A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Your Cat's Behavior C. Have Fun with Your Cat D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy 【2022全国甲卷】 Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city. 32. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. Sydney’s striking architecture. B. The cultural diversity of Sydney. C. The key to Sydney’s development. D. Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s. 闯关一、高考真题练习。 【2025全国一卷】 In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: “Why is writing important?” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. This would have to change. As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. 24. Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1? A. Ninth graders. B. Students’ parents. C. Modern writers. D. Fictional characters. 25. Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay? A. They were not given enough time. B. They had a very limited vocabulary. C. They misunderstood the question. D. They had little interest in the topic. 26. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Mixed. B. Amazing. C. Similar. D. Disturbing. 27. What does the author’s experience show? A. Teaching is learning. B. Still waters run deep. C. Knowledge is power. D. Practice makes perfect. 【2025全国一卷】 While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door. 28. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A. Cars often get stuck on the road. B. Traffic accidents occur frequently. C. People walk less and drive more. D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 29. What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A. Keep their cities livable. B. Promote cultural diversity. C. Help the needy families. D. Make expressways accessible. 30. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A. They boosted the sales of cars. B. They turned out largely ineffective. C. They won government support. D. They advocated building new parks. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Why the Rush? B. What’s Next? C. Where to Stay? D. Who to Blame? 【2024新课标I卷】 Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说).” According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies – say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand. C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media. 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students’ attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 闯关二、高考模拟真题练习。 （2026·山西朔州·一模）Digital Advertising Showcase your brand to a highly engaged scientific audience. With advanced technological targeting, we help you connect with more audiences, ensuring your message reaches the right people. First-class scientific and medical audiences Advertise across our trusted platforms — including Nature, Springer and BMC — and benefit from the credibility that comes with appearing alongside our journals. Our platforms reach an extensive global audience of more than 43 million monthly users, from pioneering scientists to hard-working health professionals. You can precision-target your exact audience working in scientific and medical fields, thanks to our powerful and privacy-forward targeting technologies. Targeting options Target by Journal Select from over 3,000journals and websites, including Nature Cell Biology, Human Cell, and Cell Discovery. Target by Audience Select users that are grouped based on their online reading behavior in the last 30 days. Add conditions such as country and place of work to create custom groups. Target by Keyword Display your ads on articles with matching keywords, such as symptoms, rare disorders, product names. Leaderboard Offering top-of-page initial impact and a reader-friendly wide format. Available across Nature, Springer and BMC. Adaptive Billboard A beautiful background for your messaging that runs across desktop, tablet and mobile devices. It gives you maximum exposure with a large 970×250 ad on larger screens, adapting to a 728×90px size on tablets, and 300×50px/300×250px on mobile. Available on the homepages of the Nature Portfolio journals. 1．Who might be interested in the products to be advertised on the platforms? A．Those with a taste for digital advertising. B．Those reliable and hard-working. C．Those having good reading habits. D．Those working in scientific and medical fields. 2．What can you do to target precisely? A．Advertise on 3000 journals. B．Target by the effect of product. C．Select online users by reading behavior. D．Present some keywords. 3．How does Adaptive Billboard adjust on different devices? A．By adapting size for each screen. B．By changing content per device. C．By changing the size of a homepage. D．By using a beautiful background. （2026·山东东营·一模）Edinburgh, Scotland’s capital, is famous for its lively summer festival and moody gothic architecture — but a short break here offers plenty more besides. This walkable city packs unforgettable experiences into a single day, from literary trails to fine dining and historic pubs. 8 a.m.: Explore the old town Craft your own literary trail starting in the Grassmarket. Climb the Miss Jean Brodie Steps to view Edinburgh Castle framed by narrow lanes, and then wander into Greyfriars Kirkyard, a 17th-century cemetery. Sharp-eyed Harry Potter fans will spot familiar names on gravestones, including ones that inspired You-Know-Who. 11 a.m.: Dive into the past Across from the cemetery is the National Museum of Scotland, whose galleries cover time and continents with a focus on Scottish history and culture. Don’t miss Alexander Graham Bell’s original telephone and a Trainspotting screenplay signed by Ewan McGregor. For a different experience, visit Surgeons’ Hall, which showcases Edinburgh’s medical history. 2 p.m.: Head for the river After morning culture, take a short tram from Princes Street to Leith, which holds a quarter of Scotland’s Michelin-starred restaurants, including Tom Kitchin’s The Kitchin. Its lunch menu features seasonal Scottish fare, such as the lobster from just three bus stops down the coast, which tastes all the better for it. Little wonder Welsh himself is a regular. 7 p.m.: Drink up No Edinburgh day is complete without a pub stop, and the New Town has great options. Sherlock Holmes fans should seek out The Conan Doyle, a historic pub near the author’s birthplace. Step inside and enjoy a refreshing local ale or whisky to wind down after a busy day of exploration. 1．Which place will fantasy fiction lovers want to visit? A．Princes Street. B．Surgeons’ Hall. C．Greyfriars Kirkyard. D．The New Town. 2．Why is Welsh a regular at the Kitchin? A．It offers fresh lobster. B．It serves tasty seasonal local food. C．It is within walking distance. D．It is a Michelin-starred restaurant. 3．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To share personal travel experiences. B．To compare Edinburgh’s tourist attractions. C．To recommend a one-day trip to Edinburgh. D．To advertise Edinburgh’s festival and architecture. （2026·广东·二模）Every morning, the soft fluff of alpaca wool fills a small workshop on Amantani Island, Peru. Oswaldo Mamani, 56, sits by a wooden table, skillfully stitching wool into tiny alpaca toys. The movement looks simple and smooth, but it is the fruit of 40 years of constant practice and devotion. Mamani is a well-known inheritor of traditional Peruvian alpaca wool craftsmanship, a precious intangible cultural heritage deeply rooted in the Andes. For over 800 years, local artisans have been perfecting this craft, turning soft alpaca wool into lovely and durable handiworks. The craft relies on four key elements: high-quality alpaca wool from local herds, fine needles made of natural bamboo, pure water from mountain streams, and secret stitching techniques passed down from master to apprentice. Born into a family of wool artisans, Mamani started learning the craft at 16, studying under his father, a master craftsman famous for his delicate stitching. He spent decades mastering core skills, from cleaning wool to shaping the finished toys. For him, the essence of the craft lies in respect for nature and attention to every tiny detail. “Every stitch must be even and tight, and each toy’s expression needs careful design,” Mamani said. “Alpaca wool crafting is not just a job. It needs profound reverence for these animals, as we rely on their wool, and precise skills to bring each toy to life.” Though modern machines can produce woolen toys quickly, Mamani insists that handcrafting can never be replaced. “Machines can copy the shape, but they can’t feel the softness of the wool or create the warm ‘smiles’ on each toy,” he said. “True handcrafted alpaca toys are made with heart and time, and that’s what makes them popular around the world.” 1．What can we know about the traditional Peruvian alpaca wool craftsmanship? A．It is a newly recognized cultural heritage. B．It requires great effort and precision. C．It is mainly passed down through schools. D．It uses man-made materials instead of natural ones. 2．What does the underlined word “essence” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Value. B．Standard. C．Core. D．History. 3．Which word can best describe Oswaldo Mamani? A．Patient and devoted. B．Creative and outgoing. C．Brave and ambitious. D．Humorous and hardworking. 4．What does Mamani’s story mainly convey? A．Machines can copy, but never create with heart. B．Tradition survives only through constant practice. C．Quality matters more than speed. D．True craftsmanship lies in the machines. （2026·贵州六盘水·二模）On the second floor of Nairobi’s Panari Hotel, next to a movie theater, is a small ice hockey (冰球) area that serves as the home base for the Kenya Ice Lions, the only ice hockey team in equatorial Africa. The team began informally in 2016, when a few young Kenyans working as skating instructors grew tired of just watching Westerners play hockey and decided to give it a try themselves. Soon, they began recruiting (招募) players from Nairobi’s rollerskating community and collecting together hockey equipment from secondhand markets. It wasn’t long before the feel-good story of hockey on the equator started to spread. In 2018, a Chinese company helped to film a television advertisement with a title Ice hockey in Kenya? No dream is too big. It raised the team’s publicity (关注度). Later that same year, a Canadian restaurant chain flew the team to Canada for training and equipped the players with full sets. For some of the Kenyans, it was their first time to leave Africa. The team came home with determination to build up Kenya’s hockey ecosystem and immediate actions were taken. Retired Canadian professor Saroya Tinker was invited by the Ice Lions to help launch a women’s league. And the team set up a Saturday youth club to develop talents for future generations. Currently, as many as 70 kids show up for weekend practices. The Ice Lions hope to take part in the first ever African Nations Cup next June in Cape Town, South Africa, with the goal of eventually qualifying for the Olympics. “Nothing is impossible,” they think. 1．What can we know about the initial Ice Lions? A．Its equipment was poor. B．Its ice hockey area was large. C．It consisted of volunteers. D．It was created by Westerners. 2．What did the Chinese company do to help the Ice Lions? A．Flew the team abroad. B．Recruited voluntary players. C．Filmed an advertisement. D．Provided training and full sets. 3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．The bright future of hockey in Kenya. B．The biggest challenge of hockey in Kenya. C．The setup of women’s hockey team in Kenya. D．The team’s efforts to develop hockey in Kenya. 4．What does the author think of the hockey team in Kenya? A．Weak but smart. B．Young but promising. C．Professional but modest. D．Unknown but competitive. （2026·江西·一模）Humans are so hardwired to fit in with the crowd that they often ignore potential risks. Following trends blindly isn’t a sign of character weakness or mental health trouble. Instead, says psychologist Pamela B．Rutledge, it’s perfectly normal. That is linked with a psychological concept that refers to humans’ core need to belong to a social group and bond with others. It’s considered to be one of humans’ basic needs. Multiple psychological analyses argue that human connections are as important as basics like food and shelter. Though following a trend on social media isn’t exactly as important as outrunning a tiger, human evolution has made our brains adapt themselves to social signals. Has social media changed how humans signal their social condition to one another? Not exactly, says Rutledge. “Rather, it has certainly allowed certain trends to circulate faster and farther than they would have otherwise. Take fashion: While trends once walked down from fashion runways toward common use over years, social media now allows mini-trends to emerge and die out within weeks.” People all find that trends elicit a pull, and psychologists have figured out reasons. Blame evolution again, Rutledge suggests. “Our brains are hardwired to notice things that are unusual,” she says. “If it’s not normal and other people are all doing it, we have to check it out.” Thus, we notice attention grabbers, giving trends even more reasons for people to follow them. No one is free from noticing trends, but one group in particular is more likely to follow trends: Teens and young adults. Older adults tend to feel more secure in their identity, a sense that may protect them from being as sensitive to every passing craze. Indeed, social attention varies by age, with older adults not paying as much attention to how they communicate and are linked with others as their younger counterparts. Individuals may be more sensitive to social reward-positive input from members of their social circles-during midlife. 1．What does the underlined word “hardwired” most probably mean in the first sentence of the passage? A．Connected by wires. B．easily changed. C．Naturally programmed. D．Socially influenced. 2．What can we infer from the psychologist’s comparison between following social media trends and outrunning a tiger? A．Evolutionary instincts play a role in both behaviors. B．Following trends is a matter of life and death. C．Social media trends are more dangerous than tigers. D．Humans are more afraid of social exclusion than physical threats. 3．What does the example of fashion trends in Paragraph 2 primarily to illustrate? A．fashion trends have become less important in the digital age. B．mini-trends are replacing traditional fashion cycles. C．fashion shows are no longer the main source of trends. D．social media has accelerated the cycle of trend spread. 4．According to the passage, how does the author view the phenomenon of following trends? A．It is a sign of psychological vulnerability. B．It is an unavoidable and normal human behavior. C．It is a problem that mainly affects young people. D．It is harmful because it distracts from real dangers. （2026·山东临沂·一模）Fifteen decades ago, Francis Galton first came up with the term “nature versus nurture”, and this debate over the factors shaping human identity has long been a central topic in human sciences. Do our genes determine our life paths, as hereditarians (遗传论者) argue? Or are we born as empty paper, shaped merely by the experiences we have in our families and the wider world? Today, however, a new branch of science is ready to overturn the debate. Through this new perspective, nature and nurture are hardly separable at all — genes and the environment do not act independently, but instead interact closely and even shape one another in tangible ways. Genes do not shape our identities merely on their own within our bodies; instead, they function partly by molding the environments we choose or create. A striking finding of this research is that our environment is, in part, shaped by the genes of the people around us. Initial research suggests that your partner’s genes influence your likelihood of depression almost a third as much as your own genes do. A few students with a genetic trend for smoking in a high school seemed to cause smoking rates to skyrocket across the entire grade — even among students who have no direct contact with these students — like a gene-driven wildfire spreading through social networks. Genes alone aren’t enough to determine these outcomes and neither is environment. Nature and nurture both shape each other, with nature influencing the way we experience nurture and nurture influencing the way our nature expresses itself. The more opportunities and information the environment provides — the more varied environments become — the bigger the role that genetic variation plays in distinguishing us into different groups. Nature and nurture aren’t separate forces — they’re a Möbius strip (莫比乌斯环), endlessly circling back on each other. This interdependence means their interaction is fluid and reciprocal, a core insight of sociogenomics that bridges genetic and social science. 1．Why did the author mention the “nature versus nurture” debate in paragraph 1? A．To emphasize the dominant role of family experiences. B．To introduce a long-standing core topic in human sciences. C．To highlight the weakness of early hereditarians’ arguments. D．To lay a contrastive foundation for a new scientific perspective. 2．What can be inferred from the example of students? A．Smoking behavior spreads mainly through direct persuasion. B．Genetic tendencies can indirectly change group behavior. C．School rules fail to control students’ genetic instincts. D．Only smokers’ friends adopt the same genetic risks. 3．What happens when environments become more diverse according to paragraph 3? A．People rely less on their genetic traits. B．Genetic differences play a smaller role. C．Genetic differences become more influential. D．Nurture becomes more important than nature. 4．What does the author mean by comparing nature and nurture to a “Möbius strip”? A．They depend entirely on physical conditions. B．They have a one-way influence on each other. C．They form a complex, continuous cycle of impact. D．They are two separate parts of human development. （2026·河北·一模）There is a famous quote: “Perfection is not attainable, but if we chase (努力获得) perfection we can catch excellence.” Perfectionism provides meaning, yet unknown to the perfectionist, it’s often built on a foundation of sand. Most of the time, perfectionists don’t even know why they want this. In treatment, I often use thought experiments, asking people to consider alternative lives and even fantastic versions of them. Philosophy and psychology are so deeply connected because how we live is closely associated with a basic belief of why we should live in some manner. Deep thought is the foundation of a sound and healthy mind. So, therapy (心理治疗) can help patients explore the assumptions of their goals. Perfectionism can be viewed in several ways. One version implies the pursuit of harmony, where one achieves a state of balance. This version of the construct views perfectionism as a process rather than an end state — a constant attempt to become a better fit in one’s environment. Another version of perfectionism, and the much more common one, imagines perfection to extremes. So, for example, one may wish to become the best parent, the best in their profession, and have enough time left over to enjoy hobbies and a social life, all at the same time. Patients are often asked by me to seriously consider whether others deserve the perfect versions of them, and if so, then why? Because perfectionists tend to base their self-worth on their contributions, they frequently fail to note that others may fail to be perfect contributors. Moreover, I ask: Will others’ praise finally make you like yourself? The answer, surprisingly, is often no. No because effort feels one-sided. No because they don’t love their contributions for their own sake (因其本身). And no because they still don’t feel appreciated or respected. Life after perfectionism can still have some degree of perfectionism in it. But this life likely includes the pursuit of perfection for its own sake and at one’s own pace. This version of perfection is based on a very strong feeling of enthusiasm and a clear sense of importance. 1．What does the author say about perfectionism? A．It rests on shaky grounds. B．It does more good than harm. C．It sets the stage for excellence. D．It comes with unexplained reasons. 2．Who has the more common version of perfectionism? A．An athlete perfecting his ability in a sport. B．A manager demanding the best in everything. C．An academic learning more about his discipline. D．A mother hoping to gradually be a better parent. 3．What does the answer imply about perfectionists in paragraph 4? A．They’re unlikely to love themselves. B．They make one-sided contributions. C．They’re unsatisfied with outside praise. D．They fail to win others’ appreciation. 4．What should people do for a healthy pursuit of perfection? A．Act out of passion and purpose. B．Rule out long-term perfectionism. C．Figure out versions of perfectionism. D．Prioritize improvement over perfection. $