Unit 2 Natural Disasters核心单词,词性转换,短语,语法,句型精练-2025-2026学年高一英语译林版必修第三册

Unit 2 Natural Disasters 重点单词变形，短语，句型，语法练习 单词变形 1. protest (v./n.) → __________ (n. 抗议者) 2. react (v.) → __________ (n. 反应) → __________ (adj. 反应的) 3. retire (v.) → __________ (n. 退休) → __________ (adj. 退休的) 4. confirm (v.) → __________ (n. 确认；证实) 5. safe (adj.) → __________ (n. 安全) → __________ (adv. 安全地) 6. occur (v.) → __________ (n. 发生；出现) 7. relieve (v.) → __________ (n. 宽慰；减轻) → __________ (adj. 感到宽慰的) 8. destroy (v.) → __________ (adj. 破坏性的) → __________ (n. 破坏) 9. inform (v.) → __________ (n. 信息) → __________ (adj. 见多识广的) 10. injure (v.) → __________ (n. 伤害) → __________ (adj. 受伤的) 11. power (n.) → __________ (adj. 强大的；有权势的) → __________ (adv. 强有力地) 12. supply (v./n.) → __________ (n. 供应商) 13. donate (v.) → __________ (n. 捐赠) → __________ (n. 捐赠者) 14. slide (v./n.) → __________ (过去式/过去分词) 15. flood (n./v.) → __________ (adj. 泛滥的；充满的) 16. curious (adj.) → __________ (n. 好奇心) → __________ (adv. 好奇地) 17. erupt (v.) → __________ (n. 爆发) 18. import (v./n.) → __________ (n. 进口商) 19. export (v./n.) → __________ (n. 出口商) 20. bear (v.) → __________ (adj. 无法忍受的) 21. distant (adj.) → __________ (n. 距离) → __________ (adv. 遥远地) 22. pattern (n.) → __________ (adj. 有图案的) 23. rescue (v./n.) → __________ (n. 救援者) 24. sharp (adj.) → __________ (v. 使锋利) → __________ (adv. 锋利地；急剧地) 25. locate (v.) → __________ (n. 位置；地点) 一、语法填空 1．With the development of high-speed railways, the (distant) between our hometown and the big city has been greatly shortened. 2．He is brave enough (acknowledge) his mistake in front of the whole class. 3．Upon hearing what he said, my first (react) was not to trust even one word. 4．All the people were (shock) to hear that a school bus fell into a river. 5．For just a small (donate) you can take a tour with our garden guide. 6．On March 19, Dennis got a group text (inform) him that a couple he didn’t know were at the hospital. 7．Where she learned that she had serious (injure) in one of her knees. 8．He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little (relieve). 9．It’s respected for Harekala Hajabba, an orange seller, to use his earnings to build a school in India (provide) education for local children. 10．I’m surprised (know) that we can keep flowers blooming by removing the water with a process like air drying or pressing. 11．The technology is licensed to a startup with plans to (commercial)it. 12．The display of products in the store window was in an (order) pattern to attract customers. 13．I shall be pleased to have the opportunity (go) abroad. 14．China is the fifth country in the world (launch) satellites independently. 15．He became the third student (win) the national prize in our school. 16．Be an early bird and arrive at least half an hour before your (confirm) interview time. 17．Under such conditions, the highly (destroy) effects of bacteria are diminished (减弱). 18．He reached up to (loose) the scarf around his neck. 19．With a famous temple (locate) in the city center, Wuxi shows its unique historical charm. 20．The plan (build) new bridge is under discussion. 21．You will have, fantastic eating experience with the flavor of juicy meatballs (erupt) your mouth. 22．Ambulances (救护车) took the (injure) to a nearby hospital. 23．The pain in her knee became (bear) after hours of hiking, forcing her to stop and seek medical help. 24．She has a strong desire (catch) up on her reading during the holidays. 25．The government recommended that the flood-stricken area (supply) with basic necessities instantly. 二、单词拼写 26．The best way to (增强) willpower is to make it into a habit. 27．The beautiful beach is our final (目的地) for this summer vacation trip. 28．To everyone’s great (宽慰), the forest fire was controlled before spreading to nearby villages. 29．Suddenly, a player and I (撞上) into each other. 30．The little boy was so (好奇的) about how the clock works that he took it apart. 31．Luckily, she lent me her notes and (营救) me from failing the exam. 32．Finding a right spot is the first step to (保证) a good sleep. 33．I try to learn one or two new things every year,   (否则) I get bored. 34．But this was going to be no ordinary excursion, and millions of people tuned in to (见证) the take-off on TV. 35．A sudden natural (灾害) like a typhoon can cause huge losses to coastal areas. 36．In response to the (毁灭性的) earthquake, humanitarian organizations immediately sent food, water and medical aid to the stricken area. 37．It is the only place (在……之外) the Earth to have been visited by humans. 38．South Korea is suffering a (急剧的) increase of COVID-19 cases. 39．Once they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission (程序). 40．He’d always been (奇怪的), but not to this extent. 三、完成句子 41．身处如此美丽而原始的地方，让我感到活着真好。 Being in such a beautiful and wild place makes me feel    . 42．为庆祝建院百年，故宫博物院举办了各类活动，向世界展现中华文明的辉煌。 To celebrate its 100th birthday, the Palace Museum held different kinds of activities to the greatness of China’s civilization to the world. 43．心烦时，他会深吸几口气以使自己平静下来。 When he gets upset, he will take a few deep breaths to . 44．I have confidence in your ability to your family, community and our country. 对于你的能够影响到你的家庭，社区和我们的国家的能力，我有信心。 45．I have to work extra hours this evening, for I have three reports . 我有三份报告要写，今晚得加班。 46．请给我一个解释的机会。 Please give me . 47．请把窗户关上。不然屋子里就太冷了。 Close the windows, please. . 48．昨天两名犯人企图从监狱逃跑。 Two prisoners tried to yesterday. 49． , Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase. 如果他们用完了某些日常必需品，威尔逊就开车去最近的商店去购买。 50．他们手拉手沿着小路走。 They along the path. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Global AI-Powered Weather Warning System, developed by a joint team from China, the US and Germany, 51 (official) went live on March 15, 2025. This new technology is used 52 (strengthen) global disaster prevention, with its influence already reaching 120 countries across Asia, Africa and Latin America. The practical application of the system 53 (bring) immediate changes to local people in past months. In Bangladesh, a country often hit 54 floods, the system has obviously cut the time for flood warnings from 12 hours to 3 hours. The AI collects 55 deals with information without humans’ help. The system’s key technology mixes real-time satellite (卫星) observations with deep learning. “We didn’t just build 56 tool — we built a lifeline,” said Dr. Elena Rodriguez. She is a lead 57 (develop). Today, the system is admired by disaster relief 58 (organisation) globally. The United Nations has used it for its global disaster response network. Researchers are also planning updates to improve its performance in polar areas, where weather changes 59 (be) often harder to know about them in advance. To keep advancing the technology, tech companies are welcoming new graduates. “The system’s future depends on young talents 60 can connect technology to real-world needs,” Dr. Rodriguez added. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A sandstorm hit Beijing, China on March 15, 2021. It was 61 worst sandstorm in a decade to hit China’s capital. The powerful sandstorm 62 (sweep) across much of northern China on Monday, creating the strongest sandstorm and 63 (cover) the largest area in the country in a decade. Since February, the city has experienced a total 64 23 days of pollution, with five of them being heavily polluted. During the same period last year, there were only 10 polluted days, with three days being severe. PM 2.5 particles (颗粒), which go deep into human lungs and cause breathing illnesses, were at a dangerous level on Monday morning. Meteorologists (气象学家) said that sand and dust from neighboring Mongolia 65 (main) contributed to the problem. It is said that the pollution had mainly been caused by sand and moving dust from Mongolia and North China’s Inner Mongolia. With the help of stronger wind than that in previous 66 (year), it can carry sand from long distances. The lack of recent rain or snow meant the ground was extremely dry and made the sandstorm “very fierce”. Since the sandstorm 67 (blow) from a high altitude, the general tree belts were not very 68 (effect). “There are almost no local sand sources in the area of Beijing, 69 is a great achievement for the city’s pollution control work,” a meteorologist said. Beijing has promised to make an effort 70 (improve) its air quality after China’s capital experienced such a severe pollution. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Natural Disasters 重点单词变形，短语，句型，语法练习 重点变形 1. protest (v./n.) → protester (n. 抗议者) 2. react (v.) → reaction (n. 反应) → reactive (adj. 反应的) 3. retire (v.) → retirement (n. 退休) → retired (adj. 退休的) 4. confirm (v.) → confirmation (n. 确认；证实) 5. safe (adj.) → safety (n. 安全) → safely (adv. 安全地) 6. occur (v.) → occurrence (n. 发生；出现) 7. relieve (v.) → relief (n. 宽慰；减轻) → relieved (adj. 感到宽慰的) 8. destroy (v.) → destructive (adj. 破坏性的) → destruction (n. 破坏) 9. inform (v.) → information (n. 信息) → informed (adj. 见多识广的) 10. injure (v.) → injury (n. 伤害) → injured (adj. 受伤的) 11. power (n.) → powerful (adj. 强大的；有权势的) → powerfully (adv. 强有力地) 12. supply (v./n.) → supplier (n. 供应商) 13. donate (v.) → donation (n. 捐赠) → donor (n. 捐赠者) 14. slide (v./n.) → slid (过去式/过去分词) 15. flood (n./v.) → flooded (adj. 泛滥的；充满的) 16. curious (adj.) → curiosity (n. 好奇心) → curiously (adv. 好奇地) 17. erupt (v.) → eruption (n. 爆发) 18. import (v./n.) → importer (n. 进口商) 19. export (v./n.) → exporter (n. 出口商) 20. bear (v.) → unbearable (adj. 无法忍受的) 21. distant (adj.) → distance (n. 距离) → distantly (adv. 遥远地) 22. pattern (n.) → patterned (adj. 有图案的) 23. rescue (v./n.) → rescuer (n. 救援者) 24. sharp (adj.) → sharpen (v. 使锋利) → sharply (adv. 锋利地；急剧地) 25. locate (v.) → location (n. 位置；地点) 一、语法填空 1．With the development of high-speed railways, the (distant) between our hometown and the big city has been greatly shortened. 【答案】distance 【详解】考查名词句意：随着高铁的发展，我们家乡和大城市之间的距离已大幅缩短。名词distance作主语，故填distance。 2．He is brave enough (acknowledge) his mistake in front of the whole class. 【答案】to acknowledge 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他足够勇敢，敢于在全班同学面前承认自己的错误。所给词acknowledge为动词，意为“承认”；此处为固定句型“主语+ be +形容词+ enough + to do sth.”，表示“某人足够……以至于能够做某事”，其中不定式to acknowledge作结果状语。故填to acknowledge。 3．Upon hearing what he said, my first (react) was not to trust even one word. 【答案】reaction 【详解】考查名词。句意：听到他说的话，我的第一反应是一个字都不信。此处“my first”后需接名词作句子的主语，所给词“react”是动词，意为“反应”，其对应的名词形式是“reaction”，结合谓语动词was可知，此处应用名词单数形式。故填reaction。 4．All the people were (shock) to hear that a school bus fell into a river. 【答案】shocked 【详解】考查形容词。句意：所有人都震惊地听说一辆校车坠入了河中。作表语，且修饰人用形容词shocked。故填shocked。 5．For just a small (donate) you can take a tour with our garden guide. 【答案】donation 【详解】考查名词。句意：只需一笔小小的捐赠，你就可以和我们的花园导游一起参观。空前有不定冠词“a”和形容词“small”修饰，所以用名词单数形式，donate的名词形式donation意为“捐赠”。故填donation。 6．On March 19, Dennis got a group text (inform) him that a couple he didn’t know were at the hospital. 【答案】informing 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：3月19日，丹尼斯收到一条群发短信，告知他一对他不认识的夫妇在医院里。句中已有谓语动词“got”，且空处与谓语动词之间没有连词，所以空处应用非谓语动词形式，a group text与inform之间是主动关系，因此应用现在分词informing作后置定语，修饰“a group text”。故填informing。 7．Where she learned that she had serious (injure) in one of her knees. 【答案】injuries 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。空前为形容词，所以此处需要用所给词“injure”的名词形式injury（伤害，损伤）作宾语，且空前无限定词，所以应用复数形式injuries。故填injuries。 8．He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little (relieve). 【答案】relief 【详解】考查名词。句意：他尝试了肌肉松弛类药物，但收效甚微。空处需填名词作宾语，little表示“很少”，要接不可数名词，relieve是动词，对应的名词是relief。故填relief。 9．It’s respected for Harekala Hajabba, an orange seller, to use his earnings to build a school in India (provide) education for local children. 【答案】to provide 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：印度橙子销售商Harekala Hajabba用他的收入建了一所学校，为当地儿童提供教育，这令人尊敬。句中已有谓语is reported，且无其它连词，故provide应用非谓语动词形式；根据语境可知，“为印度的儿童提供教育”是“Harekala Hajabba用他的收入在印度建立了一所学校”的目的，故应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to provide。 10．I’m surprised (know) that we can keep flowers blooming by removing the water with a process like air drying or pressing. 【答案】to know 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我很惊讶地发现，我们可以通过像风干或压榨这样的方法去除水分来保持鲜花盛开。“be surprised to do sth.”为固定搭配，表示“对做某事感到惊讶”，其中动词不定式“to do sth.”作原因状语，用来说明惊讶的原因。故填to know。 11．The technology is licensed to a startup with plans to (commercial)it. 【答案】commercialize/commercialise 【详解】考查动词。句意：这项技术已授权给一家初创企业，该企业计划将其商业化。 此处应用动词不定式作plans的后置定语，解释说明plans的内容，故设空处应用动词原形，提示词的动词形式commercialize/commercialise“使商业化”符合题意。故填commercialize/commercialise。 12．The display of products in the store window was in an (order) pattern to attract customers. 【答案】orderly 【详解】考查形容词。句意：商店橱窗里的产品陈列成有序的样式以吸引顾客。空处需用形容词修饰名词“pattern”，order的形容词形式是orderly，意为“有序的”。故填 orderly。 13．I shall be pleased to have the opportunity (go) abroad. 【答案】to go 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我很高兴有机会出国。分析句子可知，“have the opportunity to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“有机会做某事”，因此此处应填入动词不定式“to go”作后置定语修饰opportunity。故填to go。 14．China is the fifth country in the world (launch) satellites independently. 【答案】to launch 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国是世界上第五个独立发射卫星的国家。名词country前有序数词the fifth修饰，需用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to launch。 15．He became the third student (win) the national prize in our school. 【答案】to win 【详解】考查不定式。句意：他成为我校第三位获得国家级奖项的学生。the+序数词+名词+动词不定式作后置定语。故填to win。 16．Be an early bird and arrive at least half an hour before your (confirm) interview time. 【答案】confirmed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：做个早到的人，至少在你确认好的面试时间前半小时到达。此处为形容词作定语修饰名词短语interview time，confirmed作定语，意为“确认的”符合句意。故填confirmed。 17．Under such conditions, the highly (destroy) effects of bacteria are diminished (减弱). 【答案】destructive 【详解】考查形容词。 句意：在这样的条件下，细菌的高度破坏性作用会减弱。此处需要形容词来修饰名词effects，表示“破坏性的”作用。给定的词是动词destroy，其形容词形式是destructive“破坏性的”。故填destructive。 18．He reached up to (loose) the scarf around his neck. 【答案】loosen 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他伸手松开围在脖子上的围巾。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式，空前to是不定式符号，空格处用动词原形，loose的动词是loosen，意为“（使）松开”，故填loosen。 19．With a famous temple (locate) in the city center, Wuxi shows its unique historical charm. 【答案】located 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：无锡市中心有一座著名的寺庙，展现了它独特的历史魅力。句中有谓语动词shows，故空格处应用非谓语动词，此处为with的复合结构，temple和locate“把……安置在”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用locate的过去分词located，作宾补。故填located。 20．The plan (build) new bridge is under discussion. 【答案】to build 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：建造新桥的计划正在讨论中。句子谓语动词是is，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词plan，且表示“将来”，抽象名词后应用不定式to build作后置定语。故填to build。 21．You will have, fantastic eating experience with the flavor of juicy meatballs (erupt) your mouth. 【答案】erupting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你会有一个美妙的用餐体验，多汁的肉丸味道在你的嘴里迸发。此处是with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”，宾语the flavor和动词erupt是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作宾语补足语。故填erupting。 22．Ambulances (救护车) took the (injure) to a nearby hospital. 【答案】injured 【详解】考查形容词。句意：救护车将伤者送往附近的医院。此处是“the+形容词”用法，表示一类人，the injured“伤者”，故填injured。 23．The pain in her knee became (bear) after hours of hiking, forcing her to stop and seek medical help. 【答案】unbearable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：数小时的徒步旅行后，她膝盖上的疼痛变得难以忍受，迫使她停下来寻求医疗帮助。此处为形容词作表语，根据句意，此处为bear对应的形容词bearable的反义词unbearable意为“难以忍受的；承受不住的”符合句意。故填unbearable。 24．She has a strong desire (catch) up on her reading during the holidays. 【答案】to catch 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：她强烈渴望在假期里补上她落下的阅读量。“have a strong desire to do sth.” 是固定用法，表示 “有强烈的愿望去做某事”，此处要用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰 “desire”。故填 to catch。 25．The government recommended that the flood-stricken area (supply) with basic necessities instantly. 【答案】be supplied 【详解】考查虚拟语气和语态。句意：政府建议立即向受灾地区提供基本必需品。根据句中的recommended可知，that从句中的谓语动词应该用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。从句的主语the flood-stricken area与谓语动词supply之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填be supplied。 二、单词拼写 26．The best way to (增强) willpower is to make it into a habit. 【答案】strengthen 【详解】考查不定式。句意：增强意志力的最好方法是让它成为一种习惯。way后常跟不定式作后置定语，“增强”的动词是strengthen，故填strengthen。 27．The beautiful beach is our final (目的地) for this summer vacation trip. 【答案】destination 【详解】考查名词。句意：美丽的海滩是我们这次暑假旅行的最终目的地。根据汉语提示“目的地”可知，本空用名词destination，根据is可知，用单数，作表语。故填destination。 28．To everyone’s great (宽慰), the forest fire was controlled before spreading to nearby villages. 【答案】relief 【详解】考查名词。句意：令所有人深感宽慰的是，森林大火在蔓延到附近村庄之前就得到了控制。根据汉语提示“宽慰”可知，此处为名词relief，to one’s great relief为固定搭配，意为“令某人深感宽慰的是”，符合句意。故填relief。 29．Suddenly, a player and I (撞上) into each other. 【答案】crashed 【详解】考查动词。句意：突然，我和一名球员撞在了一起。根据汉语提示可知用动词crash，发生在过去用一般过去时。故填crashed。 30．The little boy was so (好奇的) about how the clock works that he took it apart. 【答案】curious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个小男孩对时钟的工作原理太过好奇，以至于把它拆开了。分析句子结构可知，题干中用了be so+形容词+that引导的结果状语从句，“好奇的”的英语是curious。故填curious。 31．Luckily, she lent me her notes and (营救) me from failing the exam. 【答案】rescued 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：幸运的是，她把她的笔记借给我，使我免遭考试不及格。rescue意为“营救”，根据lent可知，句子时态为一般过去时，所以用rescue的过去式rescued。故填rescued。 32．Finding a right spot is the first step to (保证) a good sleep. 【答案】guarantee 【详解】考查动词。句意：找到一个合适的位置是保证良好睡眠的第一步。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“保证”应用guarantee，为动词；且这里应用动词原形与前面to构成不定式，符合语境。作后置定语。故填guarantee。 33．I try to learn one or two new things every year,   (否则) I get bored. 【答案】otherwise 【详解】考查副词。句意：我努力每年学一两件新东西，否则我会感到无聊。此处为副词作状语，根据汉语提示“否则”，对应的英文副词是otherwise。故填otherwise。 34．But this was going to be no ordinary excursion, and millions of people tuned in to (见证) the take-off on TV. 【答案】witness 【详解】考查动词。句意：但这不是一次普通的旅行，数以百万计的人在电视上观看了这次起飞。表示“见证”用动witness，此处用其原形和to构成不定式，作目的状语。故填witness。 35．A sudden natural (灾害) like a typhoon can cause huge losses to coastal areas. 【答案】disaster 【详解】考查名词。句意：像台风这样的突发自然灾害会给沿海地区造成巨大损失。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用名词disaster，作主语，由空前不定冠词可知，应用名词单数形式。故填disaster。 36．In response to the (毁灭性的) earthquake, humanitarian organizations immediately sent food, water and medical aid to the stricken area. 【答案】destructive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：为了应对这场毁灭性的地震，人道主义组织立即向灾区运送了食品、水和医疗援助。根据汉语提示“毁灭性的”及空后的名词“earthquake”可知，空处需用形容词destructive作定语修饰名词earthquake。故填destructive。 37．It is the only place (在……之外) the Earth to have been visited by humans. 【答案】beyond 【详解】考查介词。句意：这是地球之外唯一一处被人类访问过的地方。根据汉语提示可知用介词beyond，故填beyond。 38．South Korea is suffering a (急剧的) increase of COVID-19 cases. 【答案】sharp 【详解】考查形容词。句意：韩国的新型冠状病毒感染症（COVID-19）患者正在急剧增加。名词increase前用形容词修饰。形容词“急剧的”英文为sharp，作定语。故填sharp。 39．Once they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission (程序). 【答案】procedures/procedure 【详解】考查名词。句意：一旦他们决定了上哪所大学，学生们就应该研究入学程序。空处用于动词research之后，作宾语，应用名词procedure，此处表示大学的入学程序，可用名词单数形式，也可使用复数形式表示泛指。故填procedure(s)。 40．He’d always been (奇怪的), but not to this extent. 【答案】odd 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他一直很奇怪，但不是这种程度。根据括号内的汉语提示“奇怪的”，空处需要填写形容词odd作表语。故填odd。 三、完成句子 41．身处如此美丽而原始的地方，让我感到活着真好。 Being in such a beautiful and wild place makes me feel    . 【答案】 blessed to be alive 【详解】考查形容词和不定式。中英文对比可知，空处应填“活着真好”，“感到……真好”可用feel blessed to do sth.表示，“活着”用be alive表示，不定式作原因状语。故填①blessed；②to；③be；④alive。 42．为庆祝建院百年，故宫博物院举办了各类活动，向世界展现中华文明的辉煌。 To celebrate its 100th birthday, the Palace Museum held different kinds of activities to the greatness of China’s civilization to the world. 【答案】 show off 【详解】考查动词短语。中英文对比可知缺少“展现”，用动词短语show off“展示，展现” 。在动词不定式to后用动词原形，构成动词不定式作目的状语，表明举办活动的目的。故填show off 。 43．心烦时，他会深吸几口气以使自己平静下来。 When he gets upset, he will take a few deep breaths to . 【答案】 calm himself down 【详解】考查动词短语。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处表示“使某人自己平静下来”，应用动词短语calm oneself down，主语是he，反身代词使用himself，空前to是不定式符号，calm应用动词原形，作目的状语。故填calm himself down。 44．I have confidence in your ability to your family, community and our country. 对于你的能够影响到你的家庭，社区和我们的国家的能力，我有信心。 【答案】 make a difference to 【详解】考查不定式及动词短语。根据句意，此处表示“对……产生影响”，可用make a difference to，结合ability to do sth.可知，to为不定式符号，其后接动词原形。故填①make②a③difference④to。 45．I have to work extra hours this evening, for I have three reports . 我有三份报告要写，今晚得加班。 【答案】 to write 【详解】考查非谓语动词。空格处意为“要写”，用动词write“写”，have sth. to do表示“有事情要做”，本空用write的不定式，作后置定语，故填①to ②write。 46．请给我一个解释的机会。 Please give me . 【答案】a chance to explain 【详解】考查名词和不定式。“给某人一个做某事的机会”常见表达为“give sb. a chance to do sth.” ，“解释”用动词“explain”，不定式作后置定语修饰名词chance，表示“……的机会”。故填a chance to explain。 47．请把窗户关上。不然屋子里就太冷了。 Close the windows, please. . 【答案】Otherwise, it will be too cold in the house 【详解】考查副词、时态。表示“不然”用副词otherwise，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“屋子里”用in the house，作地点状语。it指代天气情况，作主语；表示“太冷了”用be too cold，描述将来的状态，时态用一般将来时，表示“就太冷了”用it will be too cold。故填Otherwise, it will be too cold in the house。 48．昨天两名犯人企图从监狱逃跑。 Two prisoners tried to yesterday. 【答案】escape from the prison 【详解】考查固定短语。表示“逃跑”用固定短语escape from，位于不定式符号to后，用动词原形。表示“监狱”用prison，此处表示特指犯人企图逃跑的那所监狱，用定冠词the修饰。故填escape from the prison。 49． , Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase. 如果他们用完了某些日常必需品，威尔逊就开车去最近的商店去购买。 【答案】If they run out of certain daily necessities 【详解】考查条件状语从句、时态、动词短语和名词短语。根据中英文句子可知，空处缺少“如果他们用完了某些日常必需品”的英文表达。“如果”用if引导条件状语从句，逗号后应为主句，主句用的一般将来时，根据语境和“主将从现”的语法规则可知，if从句应用一般现在时，且位于句首，首字母需大写；表示“他们”用they，作从句主语；表示“用完”用固定短语run out of作谓语，应用原形；表示“某些日常必需品”用certain daily necessities，作run out of的宾语，其中daily necessities为固定名词短语，意为“日常必需品，生活必需品”。故填If they run out of certain daily necessities。 50．他们手拉手沿着小路走。 They along the path. 【答案】walked hand in hand 【详解】考查动词、时态和短语。根据句意可知，本句时态可用一般过去时来表示过去的动作和状态，表示“走”可用动词walk作谓语，且用动词的过去式形式；表示“手拉手”用短语hand in hand。故答案为walked hand in hand。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Global AI-Powered Weather Warning System, developed by a joint team from China, the US and Germany, 51 (official) went live on March 15, 2025. This new technology is used 52 (strengthen) global disaster prevention, with its influence already reaching 120 countries across Asia, Africa and Latin America. The practical application of the system 53 (bring) immediate changes to local people in past months. In Bangladesh, a country often hit 54 floods, the system has obviously cut the time for flood warnings from 12 hours to 3 hours. The AI collects 55 deals with information without humans’ help. The system’s key technology mixes real-time satellite (卫星) observations with deep learning. “We didn’t just build 56 tool — we built a lifeline,” said Dr. Elena Rodriguez. She is a lead 57 (develop). Today, the system is admired by disaster relief 58 (organisation) globally. The United Nations has used it for its global disaster response network. Researchers are also planning updates to improve its performance in polar areas, where weather changes 59 (be) often harder to know about them in advance. To keep advancing the technology, tech companies are welcoming new graduates. “The system’s future depends on young talents 60 can connect technology to real-world needs,” Dr. Rodriguez added. 【答案】 51．officially 52．to strengthen 53．has brought 54．by 55．and 56．a 57．developer 58．organisations 59．are 60．who/that 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了由中、美、德三国联合团队研发的“全球人工智能气象预警系统”。 51．考查副词。句意：2025年3月15日，由中国、美国和德国联合团队开发的全球人工智能天气预警系统正式上线。空处修饰动词went，应用副词officially，作状语。故填officially。 52．考查非谓语动词。句意：这项新技术用于加强全球防灾，其影响已覆盖亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲的120个国家。be used to do sth.为固定用法，意为“被用来做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to strengthen。 53．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几个月里，该系统的实际应用给当地人民带来了立竿见影的变化。根据时间状语in past months可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语The practical application为单数，助动词应用has。故填has brought。 54．考查介词。句意：在孟加拉国，这个经常遭受洪水袭击的国家，该系统明显将洪水预警时间从12小时缩短到了3小时。be hit by为固定搭配，意为“被……袭击”，所以空处应用介词by。故填by。 55．考查连词。句意：人工智能在没有人类帮助的情况下收集和处理信息。collect和deal with之间是并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 56．考查冠词。句意：“我们不只是建造了一个工具——我们建造了一条生命线，”埃琳娜·罗德里格斯博士说。tool为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，tool是辅音音素开头的单词，前边应用不定冠词a。故填a。 57．考查名词。句意：他是首席开发人员。空处作表语，表示“开发人员”，应用名词developer，根据空前a可知，应用名词单数形式。故填developer。 58．考查名词复数。句意：如今，该系统受到全球救灾组织的赞赏。organisation意为“组织”，为可数名词，根据句意可知，数量大于一，应用复数形式。故填organisations。 59．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：研究人员还计划进行更新，以提高其在极地地区的性能，极地地区的天气变化往往更难提前知道。空处为从句谓语，根据句意和句中are可知，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语weather changes为复数，be动词应用are。故填are。 60．考查定语从句。句意：罗德里格斯博士补充说：“系统的未来取决于能够将技术与现实需求联系起来的年轻人才。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词young talents，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导从句。故填who或that。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A sandstorm hit Beijing, China on March 15, 2021. It was 61 worst sandstorm in a decade to hit China’s capital. The powerful sandstorm 62 (sweep) across much of northern China on Monday, creating the strongest sandstorm and 63 (cover) the largest area in the country in a decade. Since February, the city has experienced a total 64 23 days of pollution, with five of them being heavily polluted. During the same period last year, there were only 10 polluted days, with three days being severe. PM 2.5 particles (颗粒), which go deep into human lungs and cause breathing illnesses, were at a dangerous level on Monday morning. Meteorologists (气象学家) said that sand and dust from neighboring Mongolia 65 (main) contributed to the problem. It is said that the pollution had mainly been caused by sand and moving dust from Mongolia and North China’s Inner Mongolia. With the help of stronger wind than that in previous 66 (year), it can carry sand from long distances. The lack of recent rain or snow meant the ground was extremely dry and made the sandstorm “very fierce”. Since the sandstorm 67 (blow) from a high altitude, the general tree belts were not very 68 (effect). “There are almost no local sand sources in the area of Beijing, 69 is a great achievement for the city’s pollution control work,” a meteorologist said. Beijing has promised to make an effort 70 (improve) its air quality after China’s capital experienced such a severe pollution. 【答案】 61．the 62．swept 63．covering 64．of 65．mainly 66．years 67．was blown 68．effective 69．which 70．to improve 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了2021年3月15日，一场沙尘暴袭击了中国北京，这是中国首都十年来遭遇的最严重的沙尘暴，并说明沙尘暴来自哪里以及如何形成。 61．考查冠词。句意：这是十年来袭击中国首都的最严重的沙尘暴。根据“in a decade”可知，此处表示“10年来最严重的沙尘暴”，形容词最高级前用定冠词the。故填the。 62．考查时态。句意：周一，强大的沙尘暴席卷了中国北方大部分地区，造成了十年来最严重的沙尘暴，覆盖了该国最大的区域。空处为句子谓语动词，根据on Monday可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式形式。故填swept。 63．考查非谓语动词。句意：周一，强大的沙尘暴席卷了中国北方大部分地区，造成了十年来最严重的沙尘暴，覆盖了该国最大的区域。create与cover为并列的非谓语动词，与逻辑主语sandstorm是主动关系，用现在分词形式作状语，与creating并列。故填covering。 64．考查介词。句意：自2月以来，该市已累计经历23天的污染，其中5天为重度污染。固定搭配a total of“总共”。故填of。 65．考查副词。句意：气象学家表示，来自邻国蒙古的沙尘是造成这一问题的主要原因。空处修饰动词contributed，应用副词mainly作状语。故填mainly。 66．考查名词的数。句意：借助比往年更强的风力，它能够将沙子吹到很远的地方。此处数量大于一，应使用名词的复数形式。故填years。 67．考查时态和语态。句意：由于沙尘暴是从高空吹来的，一般的林带并不是很有效。空处为从句谓语动词，根据语境可知，从句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，blow与主语the sandstorm之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语the sandstorm是单数，be动词用was。故填was blown。 68．考查形容词。句意：由于沙尘暴是从高空吹来的，一般的林带并不是很有效。空处作表语，应用形容词effective，意为“有效的”，符合题意。故填effective。 69．考查定语从句。句意：“北京地区几乎没有当地的沙源，这是城市污染控制工作的一项伟大成就，”一位气象学家说。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 70．考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国首都经历如此严重的污染后，北京承诺将努力改善空气质量。固定搭配make an effort to do sth.“努力做某事”。故填to improve。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $