Unit 3 Growing Up（知识清单）英语新教材人教版八年级下册

Unit 3 Growing Up 单词 1.______________处理；对付 2.______________n.情感；情绪 3.______________ adj.难过的；沮丧的 4.______________adj.孤独的；寂寞的 5.______________ adj.震惊的 6.______________ adv.独自；单独 7.______________ v.&n.控制 8.______________ n.怒火 9.______________ v.建议；劝告 10.______________adj. 伤感情的 11.______________ 今后；从今以后 12.____________ v.(forgave , forgiven )原谅；宽恕 13.______________ n.过错；责任 14.______________ 尽释前嫌 15.______________ n.礼物 16.______________n.标准；水平adj.标准的 17.______________ n.奖；奖品 18.______________ 解释清楚；传达 19.______________ adv.清楚地 20.______________ n.压力 21.______________ n.目的；意图 22.______________故意；有意地 23.______________ 减少一半 24.______________v.道歉 25.______________设身处地；处于某人的境地 26.______________v.(shut, shut)关闭；合上；住嘴 27.______________把……关（藏）起来；隔离 28.______________ adv.最后 29.______________ pron.充足；丰富；大量 30.______________ 充足；大量 31.______________感到忧郁的 32.______________欢天喜地 33.______________笑容满面 34.______________adj.沮丧的；低的 35.______________情绪低落；精神不振 36.______________ v. (rang , rung )发出铃声 37.______________ v.进入 38.______________ v.& modal v.敢于 39.______________ pron.每人；所有人 40.______________使失望 41.______________对……苛刻或过分严厉 42.______________n. 运动员；选手 43.______________ n.裁判 44.______________撤回；收回 45.______________ n.决定 46.____________（因干了蠢事等）自责或懊恼 47._____________ 从好的方面想；抱乐观态度 48.______________n.得分；比分 49.______________ adj.骄傲的；自豪的 50.______________为……感到骄傲 51.______________ n.教练 52.______________也；又 53.______________n.有点儿；稍微 54.______________有点儿；稍微 55.______________v.重复 56.______________齐心协力；通力合作 57.______________ conj.虽然；尽管 58.______________ 即使；虽然 59.______________ n.解决办法；解决 60.______________ adj.高兴的；令人愉快的 61.______________ adj.感谢的；感激的 62.______________ adj.否定的；消极的 63.______________ v.霸凌；恐吓n.恶霸 64.______________ 冲某人喊叫 65.______________ 不时；偶尔 66.______________ v.表现；举止得体 67.______________ adv.不同地 68.______________n.物理；物理学 69.______________ adj.醒着的 70.______________ adj.正常的；普通的 71.______________adj.发狂的；疯的 72.______________ adj.刻薄的；吝啬的 73.______________ adj.深的；有……深的 74.______________ 深呼吸 75.______________ 去世（委婉说法） 76.______________pron. 任何人 77.______________ v.继续存在；保持不变 78.______________不但……而且…… 短语 1.______________ 长大；成长 2.______________处理；应对 3.______________ 考试不及格 4. ______________ 独自居住 5. ______________ 见到老朋友 6.______________ 看一部恐怖电影 7.______________和朋友吵架/打架 8.______________ 和……交谈 9. ______________ 控制自己的愤怒 10.______________ 担心 11.______________ 互相道歉 12.______________ 关心；在乎 13.______________ 接受某人的建议 14.______________生日礼物 15.______________ 意义重大 16.______________ 和朋友争论 17. ______________ 丢失特别的东西 18.______________ 听到伤人的话 19.______________ 输掉比赛 20.______________ 最后：最终 21.______________ 今后；从今以后 23.______________ 尽释前嫌 24.______________高标准 25.______________把……和……作比较 26. ______________ 取得更好的成绩 27.______________ 使理解；讲清楚 28.______________ 写下；记下 29.______________ 故意地 30. ______________减少一半 31.______________ 变得心烦 32. ______________换位思考；设身处地为他人着想 33.______________ 休息一下 34.______________去散步 35. ______________ 把某人关起来；隔离某人 36.______________ 大量；许多 37. ______________ 感到沮丧 38.______________满面笑容 39. ______________ 感到无比幸福；欣喜若狂 40.______________ 让某人失望 41.______________因为；由于 42.______________ 对……苛刻；对……严厉 43.______________收回；拿回 44.______________ 自责；懊悔 45. ______________ 往好的方面看 46.______________为……感到骄傲 47.______________也；还 48.______________一点儿；稍微 49.______________ 向……学习；从……中吸取教训 50.______________齐心协力；团结起来 51.______________ 即使；虽然 52.______________ 犯错误 53.______________ 一种……的感觉 54.______________ 对……大喊大叫 55.______________ 生气；发怒 56.______________ 偶尔；不时 57.______________ 毕竟；终究 58. ______________ 保持冷静=冷静下来 59. ______________ 例如 60.______________深呼吸 61.______________ 散步 62.______________多达；直到；取决于 63. ______________ 去世；逝世 64. ______________不仅……而且…… 65.______________校园欺凌 66.______________ 专注于；集中注意力于 句型 1.How did that make you feel?那让你感觉怎么样？ ---I was very upset, and I was afraid to tell my dad about it too.我非常难过，而且也不敢告诉我爸爸。 2.I'm sure your parents just want you to do well,although they may not show it. 我相信你的父母只是希望你能表现好，尽管他们可能不表现出来。 3.Why don't you talk to them?你为什么不和他们谈谈呢？ 4. Until you talk to them, they might not know how you feel. 除非你跟他们说，否则他们可能不知道你的感受。 5.How about writing them a letter so that you can get your message across clearly? 给他们写封信以便于你可以清楚地表达你的想法怎么样？ 6.Would you like to talk about it?你愿意谈谈这件事吗？ 7.If you did or said something wrong,you should say sorry. 如果你做错了什么或说错了话，就应该道歉。 8.Share your problems with someone you trust instead of shutting yourself away. 跟你信任的人倾诉你的问题，不要把自己封闭起来。 9.Matt entered the classroom with a heavy heart.马特心情沉重地走进了教室。 10.Are you still feeling blue about Saturday night's game?你还在为周六晚上的比赛闷闷不乐吗? 11.Matt was as shocked as anyone when the accident happened.事故发生时，马特和其他人一样震惊。 12.But we had a good chance to win until I made that mistake.但在我犯那个错误之前，我们有很好的机会获胜。 13.It's more important to learn from your mistakes so that you don't repeat them in future.从错误中吸取教训更为重要，这样将来才不会重蹈覆辙。 14.One for all, and all for one.人人为我，我为人人。 15.Matt felt bad about not being more careful and causing his team to lose. 马特因为自己不够细心，导致球队输了比赛而感到愧疚。 16.The musician apologized for disappointing everyone when he fell sick and couldn’t attend the show.这位音乐家因为生病无法出席演出，让大家失望了，于是他为此道歉。 17.When you work together as a group, you can achieve great things.当你们作为一个团队齐心协力时，就能成就一番大事业。 18.A sense of belonging can help you fight the feeling of loneliness.归属感能够帮你对抗孤独感。 19.I know you didn't mean to do that.我知道你不是故意那么做的。 20.Although it is normal to get mad at others from time to time, we should always try our best to control our anger instead of expressing it in bad ways.虽然偶尔对他人发脾气很正常, 但我们应当始终尽力控制自己的愤怒情绪, 而不是用不好的方式宣泄。 21.Luckily, there are a few simple things you can do to stay calm.幸运的是，你可以做几件简单的事来保持冷静。 22.Getting angry is normal, but what you choose to do with your anger is up to you!生气是很正常的, 但你选择如何应对自己的怒气.决定权在你自己! 23.I also want to thank you for being kind to me.我也想谢谢你一直对我这么好。 24.Thank you so much for being not only my teacher but also my friend.非常感谢你，你不仅是我的老师，更是我的朋友。 语法 although,until,so that引导的状语从句 写作 感谢信 一、知识点清单 知识点1：How do we deal with our emotions?我们该如何处理自己的情绪？ 【详解】①deal with处理；解决（问题、事务）;对付；应对（人、困难） 过去式和过去分词：_______________ deal with a problem/question处理一个问题 deal with difficulties/trouble 应对困难/麻烦 例：We should learn to deal with our own problems.我们应该学会处理自己的问题。 辨析deal with与do with 词组 意义及用法 deal with “处理；应对”，常与how连用 do with “处理；处置”，常与what连用 ②emotion n.情感；情绪 表泛指的“情绪/情感”这一抽象概念时为不可数名词。表具体情感类型时为可数名词。 词汇拓展 ______________adj.情绪的；情感的 ______________adv.情绪上；情感上 It is important for teenagers to control their emotions.青少年学会控制情绪很重要。 ______________强烈的情緒 ______________控制自己的情绪 ______________表达情绪 知识点2：shocked adj.震惊的 【详解】常见搭配和句型 ①______________表示“很震惊地去做某事”（通常是不好的事）。 例句： I was shocked to hear that he had lost his job.（听到他失业了，我很震惊。） ②______________ 表示“对…感到很震惊”。 例句： She was shocked that he would lie to her.（他对她撒谎，这让她感到很震惊。） ③______________ 表示“对某事感到震惊”。 例句： We were all shocked by the news of the accident.（我们都被事故的消息震惊了。） 例句： He was shocked at her behaviour.（他对她的行为感到震惊。） 【易混辨析】shocked与shocking shocked “感到震惊的”，表示人对事物的感受，主语通常为人 shocking “令人震惊的”，表示事物的性质或状态，主语通常为物 Eg.We were all shocked at the shocking news. 我们都对这条惊人的消息感到震惊。 知识点3：Peter couldn't control his anger when he talked to Harry.彼得和哈里交谈时，他无法控制自己的怒火。 【详解】①control v.&n.控制 ______________控制情绪 ______________控制；接管 ______________处于控制之下 ______________失控 ②anger n.怒火 control one’s anger 控制怒气 in anger 愤怒地 v.使激怒 anger sb.激怒某人 Loud noises at night may anger the neighbors easily.晚上的噪音很容易激怒邻居。 be angered by sth. 因某事而发怒 She is never angered by small mistakes.她从不因为小错误而发怒。 词汇拓展 angrily adv.生气地；愤怒地 angry adj.生气的；愤怒的 be angry with sb.对某人生气 The little boy broke the window, so his mother was angry with him. 这个小男孩打碎了窗户，所以他妈妈生他的气了。 be angry about/at sth.因某事生气 It’s not right to be angry about small things in daily life. 在日常生活中为小事生气是不对的。 知识点4：Ella advised Peter to call Harry.埃拉建议彼得给哈里打电话 【详解】 词性及意义 常见搭配 advise为动词，意为“劝告；建议” ①advise doing sth. 建议做某事 ②advise sb. （not） to do sth. 建议某人（不要）做某事 ③advise that sb. （should） do sth. 建议某人（应该）做某事 advice为不可数名词，意为“劝告；建议” ①a piece of advice一条建议 ②ask sb. for advice向某人征求建议 ③give sb. advice （on/about sth.） （就某事）给某人建议 ④take/follow one’s advice采纳某人的建议 辨析advice与suggestion advice为不可数名词，不能直接和数词连用；suggestion为可数名词。 如：four pieces of advice＝four suggestions 四条建议 知识点5：argued with a friend和朋友争吵 【详解】 1. 意为“争论；争吵” 这是最常用的意思，通常指因为意见不合而带有情绪地争执。 搭配 1：argue with sb.表示“和某人争吵”。 例句： Don't argue with your parents all the time.（别老是和父母争吵。） 搭配 2：argue about/over sth.表示“为了某事而争吵”。 例句： They are arguing about money again.（他们又在为钱吵架了。） 2. 意为“主张；认为；论证” 这是比较理性的用法，指通过说理、举出证据来证明某个观点，通常没有情绪色彩。 搭配 1：argue that + 从句表示“提出理由证明/主张……”。 例句： The scientist argued that climate change was a serious threat.（这位科学家论证说气候变化是一个严重的威胁。） 搭配 2：argue for / against sth. argue for = 赞成/据理力争以支持…… argue against = 据理力争以反对…… 例句： He argued against building a new airport.（他据理力争，反对修建新机场。） 例句： She argued for increasing teachers' salaries.（她据理力争，主张提高教师工资。） 知识点6：Yeah,but my parents have very high standards.是，但我父母有很高的标准。 【详解】 standard n.标准；水平 ______________制定标准 ______________达到标准 ______________某物的标准 All the students must meet the standard to pass the exam. 所有学生必须达到标准才能通过考试。 adj.标准的 This is a standard answer to the question in the test. 这是试卷中这道题的标准答案。 知识点7：They often compare me with my cousin他们经常把我和我的表姐作比较 【详解】 辨析compare...with...与compare...to... 词组 意义及用法 compare... with... 意为“把……和……作比较”，常表示同类相比、比较。 compare... to... 意为“把……比作……”，常表示异类相比、比喻。另外，还可表示“把……与……比较”，此时可与compare...with...互换。 知识点8：You won’t know how he feels until you talk to him.直到你和他谈一谈。你才会知道他的感受。 【详解】 until意为“直到……”，有下列用法： （1）作介词，后接时间名词，在句中作时间状语。作连词，后接从句，引导时间状语从句。 例如： She stayed there until 9 o’clock. 她一直等到9点钟。 We waited until the rain stopped. 我们等到雨停了。 (2) until用在肯定句中，多与持续性的动词连用。如：stand/wait/stay等，表示主句动作的终止时间。 (3) until可用于否定句中，即not…until…意为“直到……才”，常与非延续性动词连用。如：open/start/leave/arrive等，强调主句动作开始的时间。例如： The child didn’t go to bed until his father came back. 直到父亲回来，那个孩子才睡觉。 知识点9：You can write to your parents so that they'll know how you feel. 你可以给你的父母写信，以便他们能了解你的感受。 【详解】so that也可以引导结果状语从句，从句中一般不用can和may等词，在so that前可以用逗号，意思是“因此，所以”。 此时不能与in order that互换。如： Yesterday morning I got up early, so that I caught the first bus. 昨天早上我起床很早，因此，我赶上了早班车。 so… that…与such… that… ①so… that…意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，so是副词，常用来修饰形容词或副词。so… that…常用的句型结构有： •so＋形容词/副词＋that从句； •so＋形容词＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋that从句； •so＋many/few＋名词复数＋that从句； •so＋much/little＋不可数名词＋that从句。如： The teacher is so kind that we all like him. 这个老师非常和蔼，我们都喜欢他。 This is so interesting a book that we all enjoy reading it. 这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。 There was so much food that we couldn’t eat it all. 食物太多了，我们吃不完。 I have so little money that I can’t afford a car. 我的钱太少，买不起车。 ②such… that…意为“如此……以至于……”，连接一个表示结果的状语从句。与so… that…意思相同，但用法不同。so… that…结构中，so后边可用形容词或副词， 而such… that…结构中such后边要用名词(这个名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带)。such… that…常用的句型结构有： •such＋形容词＋名词复数＋that从句； •such＋a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋that从句； •such＋形容词＋不可数名词＋that从句。如： They are such interesting books that we all enjoy reading them. 这些书很有趣，我们都喜欢看。 She is such a lovely girl that everyone likes her. 她是这么可爱的一个女孩以至于每个人都喜欢她。 He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗户用力很大，玻璃都震碎了。 知识点10：Until you apologize, the other person might not want to talk to you.直到你道歉，对方可能才想和你说话。 【详解】apologize(=apologise)v.道歉 词汇拓展 apology n.道歉、歉意 apologetic adj.道歉的、认错的 ______________ 向某人道歉 You should apologize to your best friend at once.你应该立刻向你最好的朋友道歉。 apologize for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事道歉 She apologized for being late for the class.她为上课迟到而道歉。 apologize to sb. for (doing) sth.因（做）某事向某人道歉 I apologized to my teacher for forgetting to hand in my homework.我因为忘记交作业而向老师道歉。 知识点11：Share your problems with someone you trust instead of shutting yourself away. 跟你信任的人倾诉你的问题，不要把自己封闭起来。 【详解】①辨析instead与instead of 词汇 意义及用法 instead 副词，意为“代替；反而”，用于句首或句尾，表示前面的事没做，而做了后面的事。 instead of 介词短语，意为“代替；而不是”，后接名词、代词或动名词等。 ②shut 1.关闭（门窗、容器、书等） 例句： Please shut the door.（请关上门。） 例句： She shut her book and stood up.（她合上书，站了起来。） 2.（使）停止营业/开放 例句： The museum shuts at 5 pm.（博物馆下午5点关门。） 例句： They shut the factory last year.（他们去年关闭了那家工厂。） 3.（使）闭嘴 例句： He just couldn’t shut his mouth.（他就是闭不上嘴。） 1. shut up 意思①：闭嘴，使……住口（口语中最常用，有时不礼貌） 例句： Shut up! I’m trying to think.（闭嘴！我在想办法。） 意思②：关闭（店铺、房屋等），将……关在里面 例句： The dog was shut up in the garage all night.（狗被关在车库里一整夜。） 2. shut down 意思：关闭（工厂、机器、系统等）；（使）停业（通常指较长时间或永久性关闭） 例句： Remember to shut down your computer before you leave.（离开前记得关机。） 3. shut off 意思：切断（水、电、气等）；关掉（机器、开关） 例句： The water was shut off for repairs.（因为维修，水被停了。） 4. shut out 意思①：把……关在外面；排除 例句： Close the door to shut out the noise.（关上门隔绝噪音。） 意思②：使（对手）无法得分（体育比赛中） 例句： The pitcher shut out the opposing team.（投手让对方球队一分未得。） 5. shut in 意思：把……关在屋里；困住 例句： The bad weather shut us in for days.（坏天气把我们困在家里好几天。） 6. shut away 意思：把……藏起来/隔离起来（通常指自己或别人与外界隔绝） 例句： She shut herself away in her room to study.（她把自己关在房间里学习。） 知识点12：dare的用法 （1）dare用作实义动词，意为“敢于；胆敢”。此时有时态和数的变化。dare to do sth. 意为“敢于做某事”。 He didn’t dare to look at her in the eye. Did he dare tell her? We don’t dare to say anything. （2）dare可用作情态动词，用作情态动词时，意思是“敢”，其后接动词原形，通常只用于否定句或疑问句。 I don’t know whether he dare try. I daren’t ask her for a rise. 知识点13：Matt was as shocked as anyone when the accident happened.事故发生时，马特和其他人一样震惊。 as....as和...一样 否定形式：not as/so...as... 表示“不如……；没有……那么……”。 例句： This question is not as difficult as that one.（这个问题没有那个问题难。） 例句： He doesn't sing so well as his sister.（他唱得不如他姐姐好。） 知识点14：Although it is normal to get mad at others from time to time, we should always try our best to control our anger instead of expressing it in bad ways.虽然偶尔对他人发脾气很正常, 但我们应当始终尽力控制自己的愤怒情绪, 而不是用不好的方式宣泄。 ①normal adj.正常的；普通的n.常态，一般水平 normally adv.正常地，通常 ②mad adj.发狂的；疯的 be/get mad at/with sb生某人的气 ③from time to time不时，偶尔 知识点15：Getting angry is normal, but what you choose to do with your anger is up to you!生气是很正常的, 但你选择如何应对自己的怒气.决定权在你自己! 知识点16：Thank you so much for being not only my teacher but also my friend.非常感谢您不但是我的老师，而且是我的朋友。 not only... but also... 不但……而且…… 以not only ...but (also)... 连接的句子，当not only置于句首时往往引起部分倒装。 Not only can I do it but (also) I can do it best. 我不仅能做到而且我能做得最好。 not only ... but also... 应连接两个对称的并列成分，连接两个主语时谓语动词要采用就近原则。 Not only Mr. Lin but also his son loves the movie. 不但林先生而且他的儿子也喜欢这部电影。 【拓展】常见的就近原则的结构有： (1) neither...nor... 既不……也不…… (两者都不) Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。 (2) either...or...不是……就是…… (两者中的一个) Either you or Lily is a student. 不是你就是莉莉是学生。 (3) there be结构 There is a pen and two books on the desk. 书桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。 二、语法点清单 概念：在复合句中作状语的从句叫作状语从句。状语从句一般修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。 功能：九大状语从句分别表示（时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、比较） 等意义。 位置：位置灵活，可用于主句之前或之后。 1. until的用法 （1）作介词，表示＂直到……为止＂。 The meeting may last until Friday. 会议可能要延续到星期五。 Mark will be working until 5 o’clock. 马克将一直工作到五点钟。 【注意】由上面两个例句可知：until用于肯定句中表示动作一直持续到until短语所表示的时间为止，即表示动作的终点，意为＂直到……为止＂。在这种用法中，句子的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，如：live，wait，last，love，like，stay，work等。 （2）作连词，表示＂直到……为止；在……以前；不到……（不）＂。 ①用于肯定句中 Please wait here until I come. 请在这里等到我来。 ②用于否定句中 I won’t stop shouting until you let me go. 你不放开我，我就一直喊叫。 【注意】 until作连词用于否定句中，从句的动作先发生，主句的动作后发生，意为＂直到……才……＂。 比较until和till 此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是＂做某事直至某时＂，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是＂直至某时才做某事＂。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。 肯定句：I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。 Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。 （在肯定句中可用before代替。例如：Let’s get in the wheat before the sun sets.） 否定句：She didn’t arrive until 6 o’clock. 她直到6点才到。 Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。 I didn’t manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。 区别： （1）until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。 Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。 （2）until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。 —Until when are you staying? —Until next Monday. 注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。 （3）Not until...在句首，主句用倒装。 Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热为何物。 Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到工作，才认识到我已蹉跎了许多岁月。 （4）It is not until... that... It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted. （5）表示＂一……就……＂的结构 hardly/scarcely... when/before, no sooner... than 和as soon as都可以表示＂一……就……＂的意思。 2. so that的用法 （1）so that引导目的状语从句，从句谓语动词常用情态动词may/might/can/could等。 We went early so that we could get good seats. 为了占到好座位，我们早早就去了。 （2）so that引导目的状语从句，当主句主语与从句主语一致时，可用＂so as to(in order to)＋动词原形＂转化为简单句。 He got up early so that he could catch the early bus. =He got up early in order to/so as to catch the early bus. 为了赶早班公交车他起床很早。 （3）so that还可以与in order that互换。 He worked day and night so that/in order that he could succeed. 他夜以继日地工作为的是成功。 【知识拓展】 so...that...表示＂如此……以至于……＂，引导结果状语从句。 The boy is so young that he can’t go to school. 这个男孩太小还不能去上学。 3. although的用法 （1）although较正式，引导的从句放在主句的前后均可。 Henry often helps me with my math although he is quite busy. 尽管亨利很忙，但是他经常帮助我学习数学。 （2）although不能与but连用，但可与yet，still连用。 虽然他老了，但是他工作努力。 Although he was old, but he worked hard.（×） Although he was old, he worked hard.（√） Although he was old, yet he worked hard.（√） 4、 写作清单 （一）单元主题定位 本单元以“成长”为核心主题，紧扣新课标“人与自我”主题范畴中的“身心健康与情绪管理白我认知与成长感悟”子主题，以及“人与社会”范畴中的“良好人际关系与沟通合作"子主题，单元围绕核心问题 “How do we deal with our emotions?” 展开，以“认知情绪→表达情绪→应对情绪→成长感悟”为逻辑链条通过探讨成长过程中的情绪变化、人际关系困扰、挫折应对等话题形成感谢信，引守学生字握情绪表达、问题沟通相关的语言知识与实用技能，树立积极的心态，学会识别，管理负面情绪，培养换位思考、合作分享的意识，助力学生身心健康成长。 根据新课标和教材设计，本单元写作要求学生具备以下能力： 能力维度 具体要求 叙事能力 掌握“起因—经过—结果—感悟”的叙事结构，能完整讲述一个成长故事 描写能力 学会运用动作、神态细节描写让故事更生动（如clench fists, with tears in eyes） 情感表达能力 能准确描述不同情绪状态，表达内心感受 逻辑组织能力 运用状语从句（although, until, so that等）清晰表达事件之间的逻辑关系 价值观提炼能力 能从具体事件中提炼普适性道理，升华主题 二、单元写作任务全景分析 1. Section A：情绪沟通与问题解决 核心内容：Section A以朋友矛盾与亲子沟通为主线： Peter因吉他损坏与Harry争吵，在Ella建议下道歉和解 Judy因父母高期待倍感压力，学习用写信等方式理性沟通 写作铺垫： 学习描述情绪：upset, angry, worried, stressed 学习提建议：Why don't you...? / How about...? / You could/should... 写作任务类型：创编对话、描述问题并给出建议 2. Section B：感恩表达与挫折应对 核心内容：Section B侧重挫折应对与积极心态： Matt因比赛失误自责，同伴鼓励他正视失败 文章讲解控制愤怒、保持冷静的方法 Kelly写信感谢老师的陪伴与开导（核心范文） 写作铺垫： 学习感恩表达：I want to thank you for... / I am writing to express my gratitude 学习描述他人帮助的具体事例 学习运用动作细节描写（clench fists, take deep breaths） 写作任务类型：感恩信（核心任务）、成长故事叙述 1. 感恩信（核心写作任务） 写作要求： 文体：应用文 人称：以第一人称为主 时态：一般现在时为主（描述现状），一般过去时（描述过去事件） 字数：80-120词 写作结构（基于教材3a范文）： 段落 内容要点 常用句型 开头段 开门见山，表达感谢 I want to thank you for... / I am writing to express my gratitude... 中间段 详述具体事例：困难→帮助→结果 I used to... / You... so that... / Although you were busy, you... 结尾段 再次感谢，表达感受或祝福 Thank you again for... / You are not only my... but also my... 材范文解析（Kelly写给老师Mrs. Thompson的信）： 感谢角度1：学业上的帮助——老师让枯燥的科学课变得有趣，Kelly变得自信 感谢角度2：情感上的支持——奶奶去世后老师陪伴倾听，Kelly感觉好转 Dear Mrs. Thompson, I want to thank you for being my teacher. You took the time to help me, although you were so busy. Your classes always made me happy. I used to think that science was boring and difficult, and I did badly in class. I never liked science until I took your class. You encouraged me and made science lessons fun, and slowly, I grew more confident. I also want to thank you for being kind to me. You helped me a lot, especially after my grandmother passed away. I couldn't talk about my feelings to anybody until you sat with me during lunch that day. You listened to me and talked with me so that I felt much better. That day will always remain in my mind. Thank you so much for being not only my teacher but also my friend. Sincerely, Kelly Smith 三、写作核心短语及开头中间结尾模板 1. 描述困难与问题 have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难→I had difficulty learning math. fail a(n) ... exam考试不及格 →I failed the English exam. get into a fight with sb 和某人吵架→I got into a fight with my best friend. feel lonely/upset/stressed感到孤独/难过/压力大→I felt lonely after moving to a new school. be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事→I was afraid to speak in public. keep silent保持沉默→I always kept silent in class. do badly in ... 在……方面表现差→I did badly in science. 2. 描述帮助与支持 take the time to do sth花时间做某事→You took the time to help me. encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事→You encouraged me to try again. believe in sb信任某人→You always believed in me. listen to sb倾听某人→You listened to my problems. sit with sb陪伴某人→You sat with me when I was sad. explain sth to sb向某人解释某事→You explained the questions to me. spend time doing sth花时间做某事→You spent your lunch break helping me. cheer sb up 使某人振作→You told jokes to cheer me up. give sb a hand 帮助某人→You gave me a hand when I needed it. be there for sb 在某人身边支持→were always there for me. 3. 描述变化与结果 grow (more) confident 变得（更）自信→I grew more confident. catch up with 赶上→I caught up with my classmates. stop being afraid of ...不再害怕→I stopped being afraid of making mistakes. feel much better感觉好多了→I felt much better after talking to you. make a big difference产生很大影响→Your kindness made a big difference to me. change one's life改变某人的生活→Your help changed my life. clear the air消除隔阂（和好）→We talked and cleared the air. put oneself in sb's shoes 设身处地为某人着想→You taught me to put myself in others' shoes. 4. 描述情绪控制 calm down冷静下来→I took a deep breath and calmed down. take a deep breath 深呼吸→I took a deep breath to control my anger. lose one's temper发脾气→I almost lost my temper, but I controlled myself. control one's feelings控制情绪→I learned to control my feelings. instead of doing sth 而不是做某事→Instead of yelling, I talked to her calmly. 5. 表达感谢与感悟 thank sb for (doing) sth 感谢某人（做）某事→I want to thank you for your help. express one's gratitude 表达感激→I am writing to express my gratitude. from the bottom of my heart 发自内心地→Thank you from the bottom of my heart. not only ... but also ...不仅……而且……→You are not only my teacher but also my friend. learn a lesson 学到一课→I learned an important lesson that day. grow up成长→Growing up means learning to control our emotions. 常用开头句型 1. 感恩信开头（直接表明写作目的） I want to thank you for... 我想感谢你…… I am writing to express my gratitude for...我写信是为了表达我对……的感激之情 I am writing this letter to thank you for...我写这封信是为了感谢你…… Thank you so much for... 非常感谢你…… How time flies! I'm writing to thank you for...时光飞逝！我写信是为了感谢你…… 2. 成长故事开头（引入事件） Last ... , something happened that taught me a lesson. 上周……，发生了一件事，给我上了一课。 There was a time when I ... 曾经有一段时间我…… I will never forget the day when ... 我永远不会忘记那一天…… It was a ... day when ... 那是一个……的日子，当时…… Looking back, I still remember ... 回首往事，我仍然记得…… 3. 情绪沟通类开头（描述问题） I feel ... because ... 我感到……因为…… What's wrong is that ... 问题是…… I have a problem with ... 我在……方面有问题。 I'm writing to tell you about ...我写信是想告诉你…… These days, I feel really ...这些天，我感到很…… 常用中间句型（主体段落） 1. 描述过去的困难/状态 I used to think that ... was boring/difficult. 描述过去的想法（现在改变了） I had difficulty (in) doing ... 描述过去的困难 I was afraid to ... / I was afraid of ...描述过去的恐惧 I always kept silent / did badly in ...描述过去的表现 I felt lonely / upset / stressed because ...描述过去的情绪状态 2. 描述结果与改变 Slowly, I grew more confident.慢慢地，我变得更自信了。 I stopped being afraid of ...我不再害怕……了。 This made a big difference to me. 这对我产生了很大的影响。 I felt much better after ... 在……之后我感觉好多了。 Thanks to your help, I ... 多亏了你的帮助，我…… I caught up with my classmates.我赶上了我的同学。 常用结尾句型 1. 感恩信结尾（再次感谢 + 情感升华） Thank you again for everything. 再次感谢 Thank you from the bottom of my heart. 发自内心地感谢 I will always be grateful for your help. 表达永远感激 You are not only my ... but also my ... 情感升华（双重身份） I hope I can be someone like you in the future. 表达祝愿/期望 2. 成长故事结尾（提炼感悟） That day, I learned an important lesson: ... 那天，我学到了重要的一课：…… From this experience, I learned that ... 从这次经历中，我明白了…… Now I understand that ... 现在我明白了…… Growing up means ... 成长意味着…… This experience taught me to ... 这次经历教会了我…… 3. 情绪沟通类结尾（表达期望） I hope you can understand how I feel. 我希望你能理解我的感受。 I believe if we talk, we can clear the air. 我相信如果我们谈谈，就能消除隔阂。 I'm looking forward to your reply. 我期待你的回复。 Let's work together to solve the problem. 让我们一起努力解决问题。 I hope things will get better soon. 我希望事情很快就会好转。 1．请以“A Lesson I Learned from Growing Up”为题，用英语写一篇短文，叙述你在成长过程中学到的一课，以及这一课如何帮助你成长。 要求： 1. 根据所给题目，写一篇短文，词数不少于80； 2. 语言流畅、书写规范、卷面整洁； 3. 文中不得使用真实姓名、校名，否则以零分计； 4. 请将短文写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．良好的情绪管理有助于人的身心健康。学会正确处理负面情绪，可以更好地应对生活中的各种困难和挑战。某英语报刊正在以“Learn to Deal with Negative Emotions”为题向广大中学生征文，请你根据下面提示并结合自己的经历写一篇英语短文，谈谈正确处理负面情绪的方法及重要意义，向报刊投稿。 要求： (1) 要点齐全，语句通顺，可适当发挥； (2) 词数80-120； (3) 文中不得出现真实的人名、地名、校名等信息。 Learn to Deal with Negative Emotions ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．假定你是李华，你校英文周刊发起以信件传恩情的活动，请你根据以下提示，对你最想感谢的人，写一封英文感谢信。 (1) Who do you want to thank? (2) Why do you want to thank him or her? (3) How will you thank him or her? 注意：(1) 短文须包括方框中所有信息，可适当发挥； (2) 文中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名； (3) 词数80个左右。 Dear _________, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Growing Up 单词 1.deal with处理；对付 2.emotion n.情感；情绪 3.upset adj.难过的；沮丧的 4.lonely adj.孤独的；寂寞的 5.shocked adj.震惊的 6.alone adv.独自；单独 7.control v.&n.控制 8.anger n.怒火 9.advise v.建议；劝告 10.hurtful adj. 伤感情的 11.in future 今后；从今以后 12.forgive v.(forgave , forgiven )原谅；宽恕 13.fault n.过错；责任 14.clear the air 尽释前嫌 15.present n.礼物 16.standard n.标准；水平adj.标准的 17.award n.奖；奖品 18.get across 解释清楚；传达 19.clearly adv.清楚地 20.pressure n.压力 21.purpose n.目的；意图 22.on purpose故意；有意地 23.reduce by half 减少一半 24.apologize (=apologise)v.道歉 25.put oneself in sb's shoes设身处地；处于某人的境地 26.shut v.(shut, shut)关闭；合上；住嘴 27.shut sb/sth away把……关（藏）起来；隔离 28.lastly adv.最后 29.plenty pron.充足；丰富；大量 30.plenty of 充足；大量 31.feel blue 感到忧郁的 32.on top of the world欢天喜地 33.all smiles笑容满面 34.low adj.沮丧的；低的 35.in low spirits 情绪低落；精神不振 36.ring v. (rang , rung )发出铃声 37.enter v.进入 38.dare v.& modal v.敢于 39.everybody pron.每人；所有人 40.let down使失望 41.be hard on对……苛刻或过分严厉 42.player n. 运动员；选手 43.referee n.裁判 44.take back撤回；收回 45.decision n.决定 46.kick oneself（因干了蠢事等）自责或懊恼 47.look on the bright side 从好的方面想；抱乐观态度 48.score n.得分；比分 49.proud adj.骄傲的；自豪的 50.proud of为……感到骄傲 51.coach n.教练 52.as well也；又 53.bit n.有点儿；稍微 54.a bit有点儿；稍微 55.repeat v.重复 56.pull together齐心协力；通力合作 57.though conj.虽然；尽管 58.even though 即使；虽然 59.solution n.解决办法；解决 60.joyful adj.高兴的；令人愉快的 61.thankful adj.感谢的；感激的 62.negative adj.否定的；消极的 63.bully v.霸凌；恐吓n.恶霸 64.shout at sb 冲某人喊叫 65.from time to time 不时；偶尔 66.behave v.表现；举止得体 67.differently adv.不同地 68.physics n.物理；物理学 69.awake adj.醒着的 70.normal adj.正常的；普通的 71.mad adj.发狂的；疯的 72.mean adj.刻薄的；吝啬的 73.deep adj.深的；有……深的 74.take a deep breath 深呼吸 75.pass away 去世（委婉说法） 76.anybody pron. 任何人 77.remain v.继续存在；保持不变 78.not only ... but also ..不但……而且…… 短语 1.grow up 长大；成长 2.deal with 处理；应对 3.fail a test 考试不及格 4. live alone 独自居住 5. meet old friends 见到老朋友 6.watch a scary movie 看一部恐怖电影 7.fight with a friend 和朋友吵架/打架 8.talk to 和……交谈 9. control one's anger 控制自己的愤怒 10.worry about 担心 11.say sorry to each other 互相道歉 12.care about 关心；在乎 13.accept one's suggestion 接受某人的建议 14.birthday present 生日礼物 15.mean a lot 意义重大 16.argue with a friend 和朋友争论 17. lose something special 丢失特别的东西 18.hear something hurtful 听到伤人的话 19.lose a match 输掉比赛 20. in the end 最后：最终 21.in future 今后；从今以后 23.clear the air 尽释前嫌 24.high standard 高标准 25.compare…with… 把……和……作比较 26. get better grades 取得更好的成绩 27.get across 使理解；讲清楚 28. write down 写下；记下 29.on purpose 故意地 30. reduce by half 减少一半 31.get upset 变得心烦 32. put oneself in sb's shoes 换位思考；设身处地为他人着想 33.take a break 休息一下 34.go for a walk 去散步 35. shut sb away 把某人关起来；隔离某人 36.plenty of 大量；许多 37. feel blue 感到沮丧 38.all smiles 满面笑容 39. feel on top of the world 感到无比幸福；欣喜若狂 40.let sb down 让某人失望 41.because of 因为；由于 42.be hard on 对……苛刻；对……严厉 43.take back 收回；拿回 44.kick oneself 自责；懊悔 45. look on the bright side 往好的方面看 46.be proud of 为……感到骄傲 47.as well 也；还 48.a bit 一点儿；稍微 49.learn from 向……学习；从……中吸取教训 50.pull together齐心协力；团结起来 51.even though 即使；虽然 52.make a mistake 犯错误 53.a sense of 一种……的感觉 54.shout at 对……大喊大叫 55.get mad 生气；发怒 56.from time to time 偶尔；不时 57.after all 毕竟；终究 58. stay calm = calm down 保持冷静=冷静下来 59. for example 例如 60.take a deep breath 深呼吸 61.take a walk 散步 62.up to 多达；直到；取决于 63. pass away 去世；逝世 64. not only…but also…不仅……而且…… 65.school bullying 校园欺凌 66.focus on 专注于；集中注意力于 句型 1.How did that make you feel?那让你感觉怎么样？ ---I was very upset, and I was afraid to tell my dad about it too.我非常难过，而且也不敢告诉我爸爸。 2.I'm sure your parents just want you to do well,although they may not show it. 我相信你的父母只是希望你能表现好，尽管他们可能不表现出来。 3.Why don't you talk to them?你为什么不和他们谈谈呢？ 4. Until you talk to them, they might not know how you feel. 除非你跟他们说，否则他们可能不知道你的感受。 5.How about writing them a letter so that you can get your message across clearly? 给他们写封信以便于你可以清楚地表达你的想法怎么样？ 6.Would you like to talk about it?你愿意谈谈这件事吗？ 7.If you did or said something wrong,you should say sorry. 如果你做错了什么或说错了话，就应该道歉。 8.Share your problems with someone you trust instead of shutting yourself away. 跟你信任的人倾诉你的问题，不要把自己封闭起来。 9.Matt entered the classroom with a heavy heart.马特心情沉重地走进了教室。 10.Are you still feeling blue about Saturday night's game?你还在为周六晚上的比赛闷闷不乐吗? 11.Matt was as shocked as anyone when the accident happened.事故发生时，马特和其他人一样震惊。 12.But we had a good chance to win until I made that mistake.但在我犯那个错误之前，我们有很好的机会获胜。 13.It's more important to learn from your mistakes so that you don't repeat them in future.从错误中吸取教训更为重要，这样将来才不会重蹈覆辙。 14.One for all, and all for one.人人为我，我为人人。 15.Matt felt bad about not being more careful and causing his team to lose. 马特因为自己不够细心，导致球队输了比赛而感到愧疚。 16.The musician apologized for disappointing everyone when he fell sick and couldn’t attend the show.这位音乐家因为生病无法出席演出，让大家失望了，于是他为此道歉。 17.When you work together as a group, you can achieve great things.当你们作为一个团队齐心协力时，就能成就一番大事业。 18.A sense of belonging can help you fight the feeling of loneliness.归属感能够帮你对抗孤独感。 19.I know you didn't mean to do that.我知道你不是故意那么做的。 20.Although it is normal to get mad at others from time to time, we should always try our best to control our anger instead of expressing it in bad ways.虽然偶尔对他人发脾气很正常, 但我们应当始终尽力控制自己的愤怒情绪, 而不是用不好的方式宣泄。 21.Luckily, there are a few simple things you can do to stay calm.幸运的是，你可以做几件简单的事来保持冷静。 22.Getting angry is normal, but what you choose to do with your anger is up to you!生气是很正常的, 但你选择如何应对自己的怒气.决定权在你自己! 23.I also want to thank you for being kind to me.我也想谢谢你一直对我这么好。 24.Thank you so much for being not only my teacher but also my friend.非常感谢你，你不仅是我的老师，更是我的朋友。 语法 although,until,so that引导的状语从句 写作 感谢信 一、知识点清单 知识点1：How do we deal with our emotions?我们该如何处理自己的情绪？ 【详解】①deal with处理；解决（问题、事务）;对付；应对（人、困难） 过去式和过去分词：dealt deal with a problem/question处理一个问题 deal with difficulties/trouble 应对困难/麻烦 例：We should learn to deal with our own problems.我们应该学会处理自己的问题。 辨析deal with与do with 词组 意义及用法 deal with （ “处理；应对”，常与how连用 do with “处理；处置”，常与what连用 ②emotion n.情感；情绪 表泛指的“情绪/情感”这一抽象概念时为不可数名词。表具体情感类型时为可数名词。 词汇拓展 emotional adj.情绪的；情感的 emotionally adv.情绪上；情感上 It is important for teenagers to control their emotions.青少年学会控制情绪很重要。 strong emotion 强烈的情緒 control one’s emotions 控制自己的情绪 express emotion 表达情绪 知识点2：shocked adj.震惊的 【详解】常见搭配和句型 ①be shocked + to do sth. 表示“很震惊地去做某事”（通常是不好的事）。 例句： I was shocked to hear that he had lost his job.（听到他失业了，我很震惊。） ②be shocked + (that) 从句 表示“对…感到很震惊”。 例句： She was shocked that he would lie to her.（他对她撒谎，这让她感到很震惊。） ③be shocked + at/by sth. 表示“对某事感到震惊”。 例句： We were all shocked by the news of the accident.（我们都被事故的消息震惊了。） 例句： He was shocked at her behaviour.（他对她的行为感到震惊。） 【易混辨析】shocked与shocking shocked “感到震惊的”，表示人对事物的感受，主语通常为人 shocking “令人震惊的”，表示事物的性质或状态，主语通常为物 Eg.We were all shocked at the shocking news. 我们都对这条惊人的消息感到震惊。 知识点3：Peter couldn't control his anger when he talked to Harry.彼得和哈里交谈时，他无法控制自己的怒火。 【详解】①control v.&n.控制 control one' s emotions控制情绪 take control of控制；接管 under control处于控制之下 out of control失控 ②anger n.怒火 control one’s anger 控制怒气 in anger 愤怒地 v.使激怒 anger sb.激怒某人 Loud noises at night may anger the neighbors easily.晚上的噪音很容易激怒邻居。 be angered by sth. 因某事而发怒 She is never angered by small mistakes.她从不因为小错误而发怒。 词汇拓展 angrily adv.生气地；愤怒地 angry adj.生气的；愤怒的 be angry with sb.对某人生气 The little boy broke the window, so his mother was angry with him. 这个小男孩打碎了窗户，所以他妈妈生他的气了。 be angry about/at sth.因某事生气 It’s not right to be angry about small things in daily life. 在日常生活中为小事生气是不对的。 知识点4：Ella advised Peter to call Harry.埃拉建议彼得给哈里打电话 【详解】 词性及意义 常见搭配 advise为动词，意为“劝告；建议” ①advise doing sth. 建议做某事 ②advise sb. （not） to do sth. 建议某人（不要）做某事 ③advise that sb. （should） do sth. 建议某人（应该）做某事 advice为不可数名词，意为“劝告；建议” ①a piece of advice一条建议 ②ask sb. for advice向某人征求建议 ③give sb. advice （on/about sth.） （就某事）给某人建议 ④take/follow one’s advice采纳某人的建议 辨析advice与suggestion advice为不可数名词，不能直接和数词连用；suggestion为可数名词。 如：four pieces of advice＝four suggestions 四条建议 知识点5：argued with a friend和朋友争吵 【详解】 1. 意为“争论；争吵” 这是最常用的意思，通常指因为意见不合而带有情绪地争执。 搭配 1：argue with sb.表示“和某人争吵”。 例句： Don't argue with your parents all the time.（别老是和父母争吵。） 搭配 2：argue about/over sth.表示“为了某事而争吵”。 例句： They are arguing about money again.（他们又在为钱吵架了。） 2. 意为“主张；认为；论证” 这是比较理性的用法，指通过说理、举出证据来证明某个观点，通常没有情绪色彩。 搭配 1：argue that + 从句表示“提出理由证明/主张……”。 例句： The scientist argued that climate change was a serious threat.（这位科学家论证说气候变化是一个严重的威胁。） 搭配 2：argue for / against sth. argue for = 赞成/据理力争以支持…… argue against = 据理力争以反对…… 例句： He argued against building a new airport.（他据理力争，反对修建新机场。） 例句： She argued for increasing teachers' salaries.（她据理力争，主张提高教师工资。） 知识点6：Yeah,but my parents have very high standards.是，但我父母有很高的标准。 【详解】 standard n.标准；水平 set a standard制定标准 meet the standard达到标准 the standard of sth.某物的标准 All the students must meet the standard to pass the exam. 所有学生必须达到标准才能通过考试。 adj.标准的 This is a standard answer to the question in the test. 这是试卷中这道题的标准答案。 知识点7：They often compare me with my cousin他们经常把我和我的表姐作比较 【详解】 辨析compare...with...与compare...to... 词组 意义及用法 compare... with... 意为“把……和……作比较”，常表示同类相比、比较。 compare... to... 意为“把……比作……”，常表示异类相比、比喻。另外，还可表示“把……与……比较”，此时可与compare...with...互换。 知识点8：You won’t know how he feels until you talk to him.直到你和他谈一谈。你才会知道他的感受。 【详解】 until意为“直到……”，有下列用法： （1）作介词，后接时间名词，在句中作时间状语。作连词，后接从句，引导时间状语从句。 例如： She stayed there until 9 o’clock. 她一直等到9点钟。 We waited until the rain stopped. 我们等到雨停了。 (2) until用在肯定句中，多与持续性的动词连用。如：stand/wait/stay等，表示主句动作的终止时间。 (3) until可用于否定句中，即not…until…意为“直到……才”，常与非延续性动词连用。如：open/start/leave/arrive等，强调主句动作开始的时间。例如： The child didn’t go to bed until his father came back. 直到父亲回来，那个孩子才睡觉。 知识点9：You can write to your parents so that they'll know how you feel. 你可以给你的父母写信，以便他们能了解你的感受。 【详解】so that也可以引导结果状语从句，从句中一般不用can和may等词，在so that前可以用逗号，意思是“因此，所以”。 此时不能与in order that互换。如： Yesterday morning I got up early, so that I caught the first bus. 昨天早上我起床很早，因此，我赶上了早班车。 so… that…与such… that… ①so… that…意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，so是副词，常用来修饰形容词或副词。so… that…常用的句型结构有： •so＋形容词/副词＋that从句； •so＋形容词＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋that从句； •so＋many/few＋名词复数＋that从句； •so＋much/little＋不可数名词＋that从句。如： The teacher is so kind that we all like him. 这个老师非常和蔼，我们都喜欢他。 This is so interesting a book that we all enjoy reading it. 这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。 There was so much food that we couldn’t eat it all. 食物太多了，我们吃不完。 I have so little money that I can’t afford a car. 我的钱太少，买不起车。 ②such… that…意为“如此……以至于……”，连接一个表示结果的状语从句。与so… that…意思相同，但用法不同。so… that…结构中，so后边可用形容词或副词， 而such… that…结构中such后边要用名词(这个名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带)。such… that…常用的句型结构有： •such＋形容词＋名词复数＋that从句； •such＋a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋that从句； •such＋形容词＋不可数名词＋that从句。如： They are such interesting books that we all enjoy reading them. 这些书很有趣，我们都喜欢看。 She is such a lovely girl that everyone likes her. 她是这么可爱的一个女孩以至于每个人都喜欢她。 He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗户用力很大，玻璃都震碎了。 知识点10：Until you apologize, the other person might not want to talk to you.直到你道歉，对方可能才想和你说话。 【详解】apologize(=apologise)v.道歉 词汇拓展 apology n.道歉、歉意 apologetic adj.道歉的、认错的 apologize to sb. 向某人道歉 You should apologize to your best friend at once.你应该立刻向你最好的朋友道歉。 apologize for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事道歉 She apologized for being late for the class.她为上课迟到而道歉。 apologize to sb. for (doing) sth.因（做）某事向某人道歉 I apologized to my teacher for forgetting to hand in my homework.我因为忘记交作业而向老师道歉。 知识点11：Share your problems with someone you trust instead of shutting yourself away. 跟你信任的人倾诉你的问题，不要把自己封闭起来。 【详解】①辨析instead与instead of 词汇 意义及用法 instead 副词，意为“代替；反而”，用于句首或句尾，表示前面的事没做，而做了后面的事。 instead of 介词短语，意为“代替；而不是”，后接名词、代词或动名词等。 ②shut 1.关闭（门窗、容器、书等） 例句： Please shut the door.（请关上门。） 例句： She shut her book and stood up.（她合上书，站了起来。） 2.（使）停止营业/开放 例句： The museum shuts at 5 pm.（博物馆下午5点关门。） 例句： They shut the factory last year.（他们去年关闭了那家工厂。） 3.（使）闭嘴 例句： He just couldn’t shut his mouth.（他就是闭不上嘴。） 1. shut up 意思①：闭嘴，使……住口（口语中最常用，有时不礼貌） 例句： Shut up! I’m trying to think.（闭嘴！我在想办法。） 意思②：关闭（店铺、房屋等），将……关在里面 例句： The dog was shut up in the garage all night.（狗被关在车库里一整夜。） 2. shut down 意思：关闭（工厂、机器、系统等）；（使）停业（通常指较长时间或永久性关闭） 例句： Remember to shut down your computer before you leave.（离开前记得关机。） 3. shut off 意思：切断（水、电、气等）；关掉（机器、开关） 例句： The water was shut off for repairs.（因为维修，水被停了。） 4. shut out 意思①：把……关在外面；排除 例句： Close the door to shut out the noise.（关上门隔绝噪音。） 意思②：使（对手）无法得分（体育比赛中） 例句： The pitcher shut out the opposing team.（投手让对方球队一分未得。） 5. shut in 意思：把……关在屋里；困住 例句： The bad weather shut us in for days.（坏天气把我们困在家里好几天。） 6. shut away 意思：把……藏起来/隔离起来（通常指自己或别人与外界隔绝） 例句： She shut herself away in her room to study.（她把自己关在房间里学习。） 知识点12：dare的用法 （1）dare用作实义动词，意为“敢于；胆敢”。此时有时态和数的变化。dare to do sth. 意为“敢于做某事”。 He didn’t dare to look at her in the eye. Did he dare tell her? We don’t dare to say anything. （2）dare可用作情态动词，用作情态动词时，意思是“敢”，其后接动词原形，通常只用于否定句或疑问句。 I don’t know whether he dare try. I daren’t ask her for a rise. 知识点13：Matt was as shocked as anyone when the accident happened.事故发生时，马特和其他人一样震惊。 as....as和...一样 否定形式：not as/so...as... 表示“不如……；没有……那么……”。 例句： This question is not as difficult as that one.（这个问题没有那个问题难。） 例句： He doesn't sing so well as his sister.（他唱得不如他姐姐好。） 知识点14：Although it is normal to get mad at others from time to time, we should always try our best to control our anger instead of expressing it in bad ways.虽然偶尔对他人发脾气很正常, 但我们应当始终尽力控制自己的愤怒情绪, 而不是用不好的方式宣泄。 ①normal adj.正常的；普通的n.常态，一般水平 normally adv.正常地，通常 ②mad adj.发狂的；疯的 be/get mad at/with sb生某人的气 ③from time to time不时，偶尔 知识点15：Getting angry is normal, but what you choose to do with your anger is up to you!生气是很正常的, 但你选择如何应对自己的怒气.决定权在你自己! 知识点16：Thank you so much for being not only my teacher but also my friend.非常感谢您不但是我的老师，而且是我的朋友。 not only... but also... 不但……而且…… 以not only ...but (also)... 连接的句子，当not only置于句首时往往引起部分倒装。 Not only can I do it but (also) I can do it best. 我不仅能做到而且我能做得最好。 not only ... but also... 应连接两个对称的并列成分，连接两个主语时谓语动词要采用就近原则。 Not only Mr. Lin but also his son loves the movie. 不但林先生而且他的儿子也喜欢这部电影。 【拓展】常见的就近原则的结构有： (1) neither...nor... 既不……也不…… (两者都不) Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。 (2) either...or...不是……就是…… (两者中的一个) Either you or Lily is a student. 不是你就是莉莉是学生。 (3) there be结构 There is a pen and two books on the desk. 书桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。 二、语法点清单 概念：在复合句中作状语的从句叫作状语从句。状语从句一般修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。 功能：九大状语从句分别表示（时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、比较） 等意义。 位置：位置灵活，可用于主句之前或之后。 1. until的用法 （1）作介词，表示＂直到……为止＂。 The meeting may last until Friday. 会议可能要延续到星期五。 Mark will be working until 5 o’clock. 马克将一直工作到五点钟。 【注意】由上面两个例句可知：until用于肯定句中表示动作一直持续到until短语所表示的时间为止，即表示动作的终点，意为＂直到……为止＂。在这种用法中，句子的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，如：live，wait，last，love，like，stay，work等。 （2）作连词，表示＂直到……为止；在……以前；不到……（不）＂。 ①用于肯定句中 Please wait here until I come. 请在这里等到我来。 ②用于否定句中 I won’t stop shouting until you let me go. 你不放开我，我就一直喊叫。 【注意】 until作连词用于否定句中，从句的动作先发生，主句的动作后发生，意为＂直到……才……＂。 比较until和till 此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是＂做某事直至某时＂，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是＂直至某时才做某事＂。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。 肯定句：I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。 Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。 （在肯定句中可用before代替。例如：Let’s get in the wheat before the sun sets.） 否定句：She didn’t arrive until 6 o’clock. 她直到6点才到。 Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。 I didn’t manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。 区别： （1）until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。 Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。 （2）until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。 —Until when are you staying? —Until next Monday. 注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。 （3）Not until...在句首，主句用倒装。 Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热为何物。 Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到工作，才认识到我已蹉跎了许多岁月。 （4）It is not until... that... It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted. （5）表示＂一……就……＂的结构 hardly/scarcely... when/before, no sooner... than 和as soon as都可以表示＂一……就……＂的意思。 2. so that的用法 （1）so that引导目的状语从句，从句谓语动词常用情态动词may/might/can/could等。 We went early so that we could get good seats. 为了占到好座位，我们早早就去了。 （2）so that引导目的状语从句，当主句主语与从句主语一致时，可用＂so as to(in order to)＋动词原形＂转化为简单句。 He got up early so that he could catch the early bus. =He got up early in order to/so as to catch the early bus. 为了赶早班公交车他起床很早。 （3）so that还可以与in order that互换。 He worked day and night so that/in order that he could succeed. 他夜以继日地工作为的是成功。 【知识拓展】 so...that...表示＂如此……以至于……＂，引导结果状语从句。 The boy is so young that he can’t go to school. 这个男孩太小还不能去上学。 3. although的用法 （1）although较正式，引导的从句放在主句的前后均可。 Henry often helps me with my math although he is quite busy. 尽管亨利很忙，但是他经常帮助我学习数学。 （2）although不能与but连用，但可与yet，still连用。 虽然他老了，但是他工作努力。 Although he was old, but he worked hard.（×） Although he was old, he worked hard.（√） Although he was old, yet he worked hard.（√） 4、 写作清单 （一）单元主题定位 本单元以“成长”为核心主题，紧扣新课标“人与自我”主题范畴中的“身心健康与情绪管理白我认知与成长感悟”子主题，以及“人与社会”范畴中的“良好人际关系与沟通合作"子主题，单元围绕核心问题 “How do we deal with our emotions?” 展开，以“认知情绪→表达情绪→应对情绪→成长感悟”为逻辑链条通过探讨成长过程中的情绪变化、人际关系困扰、挫折应对等话题形成感谢信，引守学生字握情绪表达、问题沟通相关的语言知识与实用技能，树立积极的心态，学会识别，管理负面情绪，培养换位思考、合作分享的意识，助力学生身心健康成长。 根据新课标和教材设计，本单元写作要求学生具备以下能力： 能力维度 具体要求 叙事能力 掌握“起因—经过—结果—感悟”的叙事结构，能完整讲述一个成长故事 描写能力 学会运用动作、神态细节描写让故事更生动（如clench fists, with tears in eyes） 情感表达能力 能准确描述不同情绪状态，表达内心感受 逻辑组织能力 运用状语从句（although, until, so that等）清晰表达事件之间的逻辑关系 价值观提炼能力 能从具体事件中提炼普适性道理，升华主题 二、单元写作任务全景分析 1. Section A：情绪沟通与问题解决 核心内容：Section A以朋友矛盾与亲子沟通为主线： Peter因吉他损坏与Harry争吵，在Ella建议下道歉和解 Judy因父母高期待倍感压力，学习用写信等方式理性沟通 写作铺垫： 学习描述情绪：upset, angry, worried, stressed 学习提建议：Why don't you...? / How about...? / You could/should... 写作任务类型：创编对话、描述问题并给出建议 2. Section B：感恩表达与挫折应对 核心内容：Section B侧重挫折应对与积极心态： Matt因比赛失误自责，同伴鼓励他正视失败 文章讲解控制愤怒、保持冷静的方法 Kelly写信感谢老师的陪伴与开导（核心范文） 写作铺垫： 学习感恩表达：I want to thank you for... / I am writing to express my gratitude 学习描述他人帮助的具体事例 学习运用动作细节描写（clench fists, take deep breaths） 写作任务类型：感恩信（核心任务）、成长故事叙述 1. 感恩信（核心写作任务） 写作要求： 文体：应用文 人称：以第一人称为主 时态：一般现在时为主（描述现状），一般过去时（描述过去事件） 字数：80-120词 写作结构（基于教材3a范文）： 段落 内容要点 常用句型 开头段 开门见山，表达感谢 I want to thank you for... / I am writing to express my gratitude... 中间段 详述具体事例：困难→帮助→结果 I used to... / You... so that... / Although you were busy, you... 结尾段 再次感谢，表达感受或祝福 Thank you again for... / You are not only my... but also my... 材范文解析（Kelly写给老师Mrs. Thompson的信）： 感谢角度1：学业上的帮助——老师让枯燥的科学课变得有趣，Kelly变得自信 感谢角度2：情感上的支持——奶奶去世后老师陪伴倾听，Kelly感觉好转 Dear Mrs. Thompson, I want to thank you for being my teacher. You took the time to help me, although you were so busy. Your classes always made me happy. I used to think that science was boring and difficult, and I did badly in class. I never liked science until I took your class. You encouraged me and made science lessons fun, and slowly, I grew more confident. I also want to thank you for being kind to me. You helped me a lot, especially after my grandmother passed away. I couldn't talk about my feelings to anybody until you sat with me during lunch that day. You listened to me and talked with me so that I felt much better. That day will always remain in my mind. Thank you so much for being not only my teacher but also my friend. Sincerely, Kelly Smith 三、写作核心短语及开头中间结尾模板 1. 描述困难与问题 have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难→I had difficulty learning math. fail a(n) ... exam考试不及格 →I failed the English exam. get into a fight with sb 和某人吵架→I got into a fight with my best friend. feel lonely/upset/stressed感到孤独/难过/压力大→I felt lonely after moving to a new school. be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事→I was afraid to speak in public. keep silent保持沉默→I always kept silent in class. do badly in ... 在……方面表现差→I did badly in science. 2. 描述帮助与支持 take the time to do sth花时间做某事→You took the time to help me. encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事→You encouraged me to try again. believe in sb信任某人→You always believed in me. listen to sb倾听某人→You listened to my problems. sit with sb陪伴某人→You sat with me when I was sad. explain sth to sb向某人解释某事→You explained the questions to me. spend time doing sth花时间做某事→You spent your lunch break helping me. cheer sb up 使某人振作→You told jokes to cheer me up. give sb a hand 帮助某人→You gave me a hand when I needed it. be there for sb 在某人身边支持→were always there for me. 3. 描述变化与结果 grow (more) confident 变得（更）自信→I grew more confident. catch up with 赶上→I caught up with my classmates. stop being afraid of ...不再害怕→I stopped being afraid of making mistakes. feel much better感觉好多了→I felt much better after talking to you. make a big difference产生很大影响→Your kindness made a big difference to me. change one's life改变某人的生活→Your help changed my life. clear the air消除隔阂（和好）→We talked and cleared the air. put oneself in sb's shoes 设身处地为某人着想→You taught me to put myself in others' shoes. 4. 描述情绪控制 calm down冷静下来→I took a deep breath and calmed down. take a deep breath 深呼吸→I took a deep breath to control my anger. lose one's temper发脾气→I almost lost my temper, but I controlled myself. control one's feelings控制情绪→I learned to control my feelings. instead of doing sth 而不是做某事→Instead of yelling, I talked to her calmly. 5. 表达感谢与感悟 thank sb for (doing) sth 感谢某人（做）某事→I want to thank you for your help. express one's gratitude 表达感激→I am writing to express my gratitude. from the bottom of my heart 发自内心地→Thank you from the bottom of my heart. not only ... but also ...不仅……而且……→You are not only my teacher but also my friend. learn a lesson 学到一课→I learned an important lesson that day. grow up成长→Growing up means learning to control our emotions. 常用开头句型 1. 感恩信开头（直接表明写作目的） I want to thank you for... 我想感谢你…… I am writing to express my gratitude for...我写信是为了表达我对……的感激之情 I am writing this letter to thank you for...我写这封信是为了感谢你…… Thank you so much for... 非常感谢你…… How time flies! I'm writing to thank you for...时光飞逝！我写信是为了感谢你…… 2. 成长故事开头（引入事件） Last ... , something happened that taught me a lesson. 上周……，发生了一件事，给我上了一课。 There was a time when I ... 曾经有一段时间我…… I will never forget the day when ... 我永远不会忘记那一天…… It was a ... day when ... 那是一个……的日子，当时…… Looking back, I still remember ... 回首往事，我仍然记得…… 3. 情绪沟通类开头（描述问题） I feel ... because ... 我感到……因为…… What's wrong is that ... 问题是…… I have a problem with ... 我在……方面有问题。 I'm writing to tell you about ...我写信是想告诉你…… These days, I feel really ...这些天，我感到很…… 常用中间句型（主体段落） 1. 描述过去的困难/状态 I used to think that ... was boring/difficult. 描述过去的想法（现在改变了） I had difficulty (in) doing ... 描述过去的困难 I was afraid to ... / I was afraid of ...描述过去的恐惧 I always kept silent / did badly in ...描述过去的表现 I felt lonely / upset / stressed because ...描述过去的情绪状态 2. 描述结果与改变 Slowly, I grew more confident.慢慢地，我变得更自信了。 I stopped being afraid of ...我不再害怕……了。 This made a big difference to me. 这对我产生了很大的影响。 I felt much better after ... 在……之后我感觉好多了。 Thanks to your help, I ... 多亏了你的帮助，我…… I caught up with my classmates.我赶上了我的同学。 常用结尾句型 1. 感恩信结尾（再次感谢 + 情感升华） Thank you again for everything. 再次感谢 Thank you from the bottom of my heart. 发自内心地感谢 I will always be grateful for your help. 表达永远感激 You are not only my ... but also my ... 情感升华（双重身份） I hope I can be someone like you in the future. 表达祝愿/期望 2. 成长故事结尾（提炼感悟） That day, I learned an important lesson: ... 那天，我学到了重要的一课：…… From this experience, I learned that ... 从这次经历中，我明白了…… Now I understand that ... 现在我明白了…… Growing up means ... 成长意味着…… This experience taught me to ... 这次经历教会了我…… 3. 情绪沟通类结尾（表达期望） I hope you can understand how I feel. 我希望你能理解我的感受。 I believe if we talk, we can clear the air. 我相信如果我们谈谈，就能消除隔阂。 I'm looking forward to your reply. 我期待你的回复。 Let's work together to solve the problem. 让我们一起努力解决问题。 I hope things will get better soon. 我希望事情很快就会好转。 1．请以“A Lesson I Learned from Growing Up”为题，用英语写一篇短文，叙述你在成长过程中学到的一课，以及这一课如何帮助你成长。 要求： 1. 根据所给题目，写一篇短文，词数不少于80； 2. 语言流畅、书写规范、卷面整洁； 3. 文中不得使用真实姓名、校名，否则以零分计； 4. 请将短文写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 A Lesson I Learned from Growing Up Last year, I learned an important lesson about saying sorry. I had a big fight with my best friend over a small thing. We didn’t talk for a week and I felt really lonely. At first, I was too proud to say sorry. But my mother told me, “True friends are worth more than pride.” So I took a deep breath and talked to my friend. I said sorry and he forgave me. We became best friends again. This experience taught me that saying sorry takes courage, but it brings us closer to people we care about. Now I’m not afraid to admit my mistakes. Growing up means learning to value relationships more than pride. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇话题作文； ②时态：时态以一般过去时为主； ③提示：写作要求已经给出，考生不要遗漏考点，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 [写作步骤] 第一步，开门见山点明过去存在的问题； 第二步，详细叙述自己的具体经历； 第三步，阐明从经历中学到的道理，并说明它如何帮助自己成长。 [亮点词汇] ①learned学习 ②lonely孤单的 ③experience经历 [高分句型] ①At first, I was too proud to say sorry.（运用too…to…句型） ②Growing up means learning to value relationships more than pride.（动名词短语作主语） 2．良好的情绪管理有助于人的身心健康。学会正确处理负面情绪，可以更好地应对生活中的各种困难和挑战。某英语报刊正在以“Learn to Deal with Negative Emotions”为题向广大中学生征文，请你根据下面提示并结合自己的经历写一篇英语短文，谈谈正确处理负面情绪的方法及重要意义，向报刊投稿。 要求： (1) 要点齐全，语句通顺，可适当发挥； (2) 词数80-120； (3) 文中不得出现真实的人名、地名、校名等信息。 Learn to Deal with Negative Emotions ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 Learn to Deal with Negative Emotions Last month, I failed an important exam. I felt really sad. To deal with the negative emotion, I talked with my teacher. She gave me some useful advice on study habits. Then, I worked harder so that I could do better in the next exam. Learning to deal with negative emotions well is really important. It helps us to solve problems. By communicating with others, we can get solutions. What’s more, it avoids causing more trouble. If we keep negative feelings inside, we may feel much worse. Also, it’s helpful to take exercise regularly, like running in the morning. It helps us to relax and gives us energy. Let’s learn to manage negative emotions and live a healthier life. 【详解】［总体分析］ ① 题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ② 时态：以一般现在时为主，结合个人经历（可用一般过去时），阐述方法与重要性； ③ 提示：包括个人经历（发生了什么、如何应对）、方法（沟通、运动等）、重要性（解决问题、避免麻烦）。 ［写作步骤］ 第一步：引入话题，说明情绪管理对身心健康的重要性； 第二步：分享个人经历，描述负面情绪的场景及应对方式； 第三步：阐述处理负面情绪的方法（沟通、运动等）及其重要意义。 ［亮点词汇］ ① negative emotions负面情绪 ② communicate with others与他人沟通 ③ take exercise进行锻炼 ④ help solve the problems帮助解决问题 ⑤ avoid causing more trouble避免引起更多麻烦 ［高分句型］ ① Learning to deal with negative emotions well is really important.（动名词短语作主语） ② If we keep negative feelings inside, we may feel much worse. （if引导的条件状语从句） 3．假定你是李华，你校英文周刊发起以信件传恩情的活动，请你根据以下提示，对你最想感谢的人，写一封英文感谢信。 (1) Who do you want to thank? (2) Why do you want to thank him or her? (3) How will you thank him or her? 注意：(1) 短文须包括方框中所有信息，可适当发挥； (2) 文中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名； (3) 词数80个左右。 Dear _________, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】范文 Dear Mum, I want to express my heartfelt thanks to you. You’ve always been right there for me, supporting and encouraging me through thick and thin. Whenever I face difficulties, you’re my strongest backup, never leaving me alone. Your love and care have truly made me grow into a confident person. To show my gratitude, I’ll help you with more housework, like cooking and cleaning. Also, I’ll study even harder to make you proud. Thank you again for everything you’ve done for me. Yours, Li Hua 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇应用文，为感谢信； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏“信息提示”中感谢信的要点，包括感谢对象、感谢原因和感谢方式，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，表明写作意图。直接表达对妈妈的感谢之情来引出下文； 第二步，具体阐述写作内容。从“妈妈一直以来的支持、鼓励和陪伴”等方面阐述感谢的原因；并说明“帮助做家务和更加努力学习”等感谢的方式； 第三步，书写结语。再次表达对妈妈的感谢。 [亮点词汇] ①express my heartfelt thanks表达衷心的感谢 ②through thick and thin不顾艰难险阻 ③face difficulties面对困难 ④show my gratitude表达我的感激之情 [高分句型] ①You’ve always been right there for me, supporting and encouraging me through thick and thin.（现在分词作伴随状语） ②Whenever I face difficulties, you’re my strongest backup, never leaving me alone.（whenever引导时间状语从句） 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $