Unit 1 The secrets of happiness 语法聚焦精讲&语法练习 2025-2026学年外研版七年级英语下册

外研版七年级英语下册 Unit 1 The secrets of happiness 语法聚焦精讲&语法练习 语法聚焦精讲 本单元核心语法：一般过去时（Simple Past Tense），是七年级下册重点语法之一，主要用于描述过去发生的动作、存在的状态，或过去经常、反复发生的动作，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，贴合本单元“讲述幸福相关的过去经历、感悟”的话题需求，也是中考基础考点之一。 一、一般过去时的定义 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态（动作/状态已结束，与现在无直接联系）；也可表示过去经常、反复发生的动作。 例句1（表过去动作）：I read a story about happiness yesterday.（我昨天读了一个关于幸福的故事。） 例句2（表过去状态）：The family were poor but happy.（这家人曾经贫穷但很幸福。） 例句3（表过去反复动作）：She often helped her mom do housework when she was young.（她小时候经常帮妈妈做家务。） 二、一般过去时的时间标志词（必记） 本单元及七年级常考标志词，需熟练掌握，做题时快速判断时态： · 昨天相关：yesterday（昨天）、yesterday morning/afternoon/evening（昨天上午/下午/晚上） · “last”系列：last week（上周）、last month（上个月）、last year（去年）、last weekend（上周末） · “...ago”系列：three days ago（三天前）、two hours ago（两小时前）、a week ago（一周前） · 其他：just now（刚才）、the day before yesterday（前天）、once upon a time（从前）、in the old days（在过去）、when I was...years old（当我……岁的时候） 三、一般过去时的构成（核心考点） 一般过去时的构成分为两类：be动词的一般过去时和实义动词的一般过去时，两者结构不同，需严格区分，避免混淆。 （一）be动词的一般过去时（be动词：am/is → was；are → were） 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 其他 1. I was at school yesterday.（我昨天在学校。）2. They were happy together.（他们在一起很幸福。） 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 其他（was not=wasn't；were not=weren't） 1. He wasn't late for class.（他昨天上课没迟到。）2. We weren't busy last weekend.（我们上周末不忙。） 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 其他？（回答用Yes/No） 1. —Was she happy yesterday?（她昨天开心吗？）—Yes, she was. / No, she wasn't.（是，她开心。/ 不，她不开心。）2. —Were you at home last night?（你昨晚在家吗？）—Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't.（是，我在。/ 不，我不在。） 特殊疑问句 疑问词（What/Where/When等） + Was/Were + 主语 + 其他？ 1. Where were you yesterday morning?（你昨天上午在哪里？）2. When was your birthday?（你的生日是什么时候？） （二）实义动词的一般过去时（实义动词：需变过去式） 实义动词（如play、eat、go、read等）的一般过去时，需先将动词变为过去式，再结合句式结构变化，核心易错点：否定句、疑问句中，助动词did出现后，实义动词需还原为原形。 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 1. She read a book last night.（她昨晚读了一本书。）2. We had dinner together.（我们一起吃了晚饭。） 否定句 主语 + didn't（did not） + 动词原形 + 其他 1. He didn't watch TV yesterday.（他昨天没看电视。）2. They didn't go to the park.（他们没去公园。） 一般疑问句 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？（回答用Yes/No，用did/didn't呼应） 1. —Did you go to school yesterday?（你昨天去上学了吗？）—Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.（是，我去了。/ 不，我没去。）2. —Did they have a good time?（他们玩得开心吗？）—Yes, they did. / No, they didn't.（是，他们很开心。/ 不，他们不开心。） 特殊疑问句 疑问词（What/Where/When等） + Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 1. What did you do last weekend?（你上周末做了什么？）2. How did you feel yesterday?（你昨天感觉怎么样？） 四、动词过去式的变化规则（重中之重） 动词过去式分为“规则变化”和“不规则变化”，规则变化占80%，需牢记规则；不规则变化无统一规律，需重点记忆本单元及七年级常用词汇。 （一）规则变化（4类，必记） 变化规则 例词（本单元/七年级常用） 1. 一般情况：直接加 -ed work → worked、play → played、look → looked、walk → walked、talk → talked 2. 以不发音的字母e结尾：直接加 -d live → lived、like → liked、love → loved、dance → danced、hope → hoped 3. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾：变y为i，再加 -ed cry → cried、study → studied、try → tried、worry → worried 4. 以重读闭音节（辅音+元音+辅音）结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母：双写末尾辅音字母，再加 -ed stop → stopped、plan → planned、prefer → preferred （二）本单元重点不规则动词（需单独记忆，高频考点） be → was/were、have → had、do → did、go → went、eat → ate、see → saw、say → said、forget → forgot、feel → felt、make → made、blow → blew、fall → fell、read → read（发音不同：/riːd/ → /red/） 五、易错点提醒（避坑指南） · 易错点1：be动词和实义动词不可同时使用（如：错误❌ He was feel happy. 正确✅ He felt happy. / He was happy.） · 易错点2：否定句、疑问句中，实义动词需还原为原形（如：错误❌ They didn't went to school. 正确✅ They didn't go to school.） · 易错点3：不规则动词过去式记混（如：把go的过去式写成go-ed，正确为went） · 易错点4：时间标志词与时态不匹配（如：用一般过去时搭配now、every day等现在时标志词） 语法练习（分层分类，考点标注） 说明：练习分为基础层（巩固基础，全员必做）、提高层（强化应用，查漏补缺）、拓展层（综合提升，挑战难点），每道大题前明确标注考点，贴合本单元语法重点，兼顾易错点。 基础层（考点：一般过去时的时间标志词、be动词/实义动词的肯定句/否定句/一般疑问句基础用法） 一、单项选择（考点：时间标志词辨析、be动词/实义动词过去式用法） 1. My mother ______ at home last night. A. is B. was C. are D. were 2. He ______ to the park yesterday afternoon. A. go B. goes C. went D. going 3. —______ you happy yesterday? —No, I ______. A. Were; wasn't B. Was; weren't C. Were; weren't D. Was; wasn't 4. They ______ watch TV last night. They did their homework. A. don't B. doesn't C. didn't D. weren't 5. —Did you read a storybook? —______. I read a science book. A. Yes, I did B. No, I didn't C. Yes, I was D. No, I wasn't 6. She ______ a new pen three days ago. A. buy B. buys C. bought D. will buy 二、用be动词（was/were）或实义动词的适当形式填空（考点：be动词/实义动词过去式变化、否定句用法） 1. I ______ (be) a student last year. Now I am in Grade Seven. 2. They ______ (not be) at school yesterday. They were at home. 3. My father ______ (work) hard every day last month. 4. She ______ (not eat) breakfast this morning. She was late. 5. We ______ (have) a good time at the party last weekend. 6. The weather ______ (be) cold yesterday. 提高层（考点：动词过去式变化规则、特殊疑问句用法、易错点辨析） 一、写出下列动词的过去式（考点：规则动词过去式变化、不规则动词记忆） 1. play → ______ 2. live → ______ 3. cry → ______ 4. stop → ______ 2. work → ______ 6. study → ______ 7. go → ______ 8. have → ______ 3. read → ______ 10. feel → ______ 11. make → ______ 12. forget → ______ 二、句型转换（考点：一般过去时的否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句转换，易错点突破） 按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。 1. He was happy yesterday.（改为否定句） He ______ ______ happy yesterday. 2. They went to the zoo last Sunday.（改为否定句） They ______ ______ to the zoo last Sunday. 3. She played the piano last night.（改为一般疑问句） ______ she ______ the piano last night? 4. I was at home at 8 o'clock yesterday evening.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） —______ you at home at 8 o'clock yesterday evening? —No, I ______. 5. He did his homework last night.（对划线部分提问，划线部分：did his homework） ______ ______ he ______ last night? 6. They were in the park yesterday afternoon.（对划线部分提问，划线部分：in the park） ______ ______ they yesterday afternoon? 三、改错（考点：一般过去时易错点辨析） 找出下列句子中的错误并改正，每句只有一处错误。 1. He was go to school yesterday. （______ → ______） 2. They didn't went to the cinema last night. （______ → ______） 3. Was you busy last week? （______ → ______） 4. She feel sad yesterday because she lost her pen. （______ → ______） 5. We were have a picnic last Saturday. （______ → ______） 拓展层（考点：一般过去时综合应用、结合本单元话题写作衔接） 一、补全对话（考点：一般过去时在语境中的综合运用，贴合本单元“幸福”话题） 根据对话内容，用所给动词的适当形式填空或补全句子，使对话完整、通顺。 A: Hi, Lucy! How was your weekend? B: It was great! I ______ (go) to my grandma's home with my parents. A: ______ (be) your grandma happy to see you? B: Yes, she was. She ______ (cook) a lot of delicious food for us. We ______ (eat) together and talked about my school life. A: That sounds nice! What else did you do? B: I ______ (help) my grandma clean her room. She was very happy, and I felt happy too. A: Oh, you are a good girl. Did you ______ (read) any books there? B: No, I didn't. I ______ (watch) a funny movie with my grandma. A: Wow, that's a happy weekend! 二、短文填空（考点：一般过去时综合应用、动词过去式变化、语境理解，贴合本单元话题） 阅读短文，用所给动词的适当形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。 Last Sunday, I ______ (have) a special day. I ______ (go) to the old people's home with my classmates. The old people there ______ (be) very kind to us. We ______ (talk) with them and ______ (listen) to their stories about happiness. I ______ (bring) some fruits for them, and my classmate Lily ______ (sing) some songs. They ______ (laugh) a lot. We ______ (not stay) there for a long time, but we ______ (feel) very happy. I think helping others is the key to happiness. 参考答案 基础层 一、单项选择：1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.C 二、填空：1.was 2.weren't 3.worked 4.didn't eat 5.had 6.was 提高层 一、过去式：1.played 2.lived 3.cried 4.stopped 5.worked 6.studied 7.went 8.had 9.read 10.felt 11.made 12.forgot 二、句型转换：1.was not 2.didn't go 3.Did; play 4.Were; wasn't 5.What did; do 6.Where were 三、改错：1.was go → went（或去掉was） 2.went → go 3.Was → Were 4.feel → felt 5.were have → had（或去掉were） 拓展层 一、补全对话：went; Was; cooked; ate; helped; read; watched 二、短文填空：had; went; were; talked; listened; brought; sang; laughed; didn't stay; felt 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $