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教学课件
北师大英语七年级下册
Unit3 语法专项——一般现在时
全解精讲+分层练习
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学习目标
1.掌握一般现在时的定义、核心用法及时间标志词
2.熟练区分be动词型和实义动词型的构成规则
3.重点牢记实义动词三单变化的规则与特殊形式
4.能正确运用一般现在时完成否定、疑问、转换等题型
5.区分一般现在时与现在进行时的用法差异
一般现在时 定义与核心特征
一般现在时是描述经常性、习惯性动作或状态的基础时态
也可表达客观事实、永恒真理及人/事物的固定特征
该时态不强调动作发生的具体时间,侧重动作的常态性
时间标志词是判断时态的关键,需重点积累
一般现在时 两大类型划分
一般现在时按动词类型分为两类,用法和结构完全不同
一类是be动词型,以be动词为核心构成句子
另一类是实义动词型,以实义动词为核心表达动作
两类时态的否定、疑问形式差异较大,需分别掌握
be动词型 一般现在时 构成规则
be动词型的变化完全由主语的人称和数决定
第一人称单数(I)搭配am,第二人称(you/you all)搭配are
第三人称单数(he/she/it/单数名词)搭配is
所有人称复数(we/they/复数名词)搭配are
be动词型 否定与疑问形式
否定句:直接在be动词后加not,缩写为isn’t/aren’t
疑问句:将be动词提至句首,句末加问号
回答时需保持主语和be动词的一致,Yes/No后接对应形式
示例:He is a student. → He isn’t a student. → Is he a student?
实义动词型 一般现在时 基础构成
实义动词型分两种情况,核心差异在主语是否为三单
主语为I/you/we/they/复数名词时,动词用原形
主语为he/she/it/单数名词时,动词需变三单形式
否定句需借助助动词don’t/doesn’t,疑问句借助do/does
实义动词三单变化 规则变化
实义动词三单变化与名词复数变化规则高度相似,易记易懂
一般情况:直接在词尾加-s,如like→likes,play→plays
以s/x/ch/sh/o结尾:加-es,如watch→watches,go→goes
以辅音字母+y结尾:变y为i再加-es,如study→studies
实义动词三单变化 特殊规则
部分动词无变化规律,属于特殊形式,需单独记忆
核心特殊词:have→has,do→does,go→goes,watch→watches
注意:be动词的三单形式is,不属于实义动词三单变化
特殊变化是考试高频考点,必须熟练背诵
一般现在时时间标志词分类表
类别 核心词汇/短语 用法说明
日常习惯类 every day/week, on weekdays, at 7:00 描述反复发生的动作
频率副词类 always, usually, often, sometimes 体现动作发生的频率
客观事实类 in the morning/afternoon, never 表达永恒、固定的特征
一般现在时 核心用法拓展
用法一:日常习惯与动作,描述反复做的事,搭配频率副词
用法二:客观事实与真理,不受时间限制,永远成立
用法三:人/事物的固定特征,如身高、性格、能力等
示例结合用法展开,更易理解实际应用
一般现在时 用法示例(日常习惯)
日常习惯是一般现在时最核心的用法,贴近生活实际
I always get up at 6:30 in the morning. 我每天早上6:30起床
She often reads books after dinner. 她经常晚饭后看书
We usually go to school by bus. 我们通常坐公交上学
写作中可通过这类句子构建具体生活场景
一般现在时 用法示例(客观事实)
客观事实类用法不受主语人称影响,动词用一般现在时
The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转
Light travels faster than sound. 光比声音传播得快
Cats like eating fish. 猫喜欢吃鱼
这类句子常出现在科普类语法填空、阅读理解中
易混点辨析 一般现在时 vs 现在进行时
二者核心区别在时间状态和结构形式
一般现在时表常态,时间标志词为every day, often等
现在进行时表正在发生,时间标志词为now, at the moment
结构差异:一般现在时用动词原形/三单,现在进行时用be+ving
易混点辨析 三单主语判断技巧
判断动词是否变三单,关键是准确判断主语类型
快速口诀:I/you/we/they,动词原形不变化
he/she/it/单名,动词三单要变化
注意:单数名词、不可数名词作主语时,动词均变三单
综合练习 单项选择
1.He ______ to school by bike every day. (A. go B. goes C. going)
2.—______ you like music? —Yes, I do. (A. Do B. Does C. Are)
3.She ______ TV in the evening.
(A. not watch B. don’t watch C. doesn’t watch)
4.The cat ______ fish very much. (A. like B. likes C. liking)
5.They ______ not late for class. (A. is B. are C. am)
B
B
C
B
B
综合练习 单项选择
6.My mother ______ breakfast for us every morning.
(A. cook B. cooks C. cooking)
7.—Does he ______ English? —Yes, he does. (A. speak B. speaks C. speaking)
8.I ______ not like eating ice cream. (A. do B. does C. am)
9.The boy ______ his homework at 7:00 p.m. (A. do B. does C. doing)
10.We ______ in Class 3, Grade 7. (A. is B. are C. was)
D
A
A
B
B
综合练习 用所给词适当形式填空
1.Tom usually ______ (get) up at 6:30 in the morning.
2.They __________ (not play) football on Sundays.
3.My sister ______ (have) a new dress.
4.______ (do) you go to the park every weekend?
5.He ______ (be) a good student.
gets
don’t play
has
Do
is
综合练习 用所给词适当形式填空
6.The students ______ (read) English every morning.
7.My father ______ (watch) TV at night, but my mother ______ (not watch).
8.______ (be) you a teacher?
9.The bird ________ (sing) a beautiful song.
10.I ______ (like) reading, but my friend ______ (like) drawing.
read
watches
doesn’t watch
Are
sings
like
likes
综合练习 句型转换
1.I often play basketball after school.(改为否定句)
2.She does her homework at 7:00 p.m.(改为一般疑问句)
3.They are in the classroom now.(改为否定句)
4.He goes to school by bus.(对划线部分提问)
5.Lucy watches TV every evening.
I don’t often play basketball after school.
Does she do her homework at 7:00 p.m.?
They are not in the classroom now.
How does he go to school?
How ofen does Lucy watch TV?
6.The book is on the desk.
7.Does he like swimming?(作肯定回答)
8.I am not good at math.(改为肯定句)
9.They have lunch at school.(划线部分提问)
10.The cat is under the chair.(划线部分提问)
Where is the book?
Yes, he does.
I am good at math.
Where do they have lunch?
Where is the cat?
综合练习 汉译英
1.我爸爸每天早上七点起床。
2.她不喜欢吃汉堡包。
3.地球绕着太阳转。
4.你每天都做运动吗?
5.我的妈妈是一名医生,她工作很努力。
My father gets up at 7:00 every morning.
She doesn’t like eating hamburgers.
The earth goes around the sun.
Do you do sports every day?
My mother is a doctor and she works hard.
语法拓展 频率副词的位置与用法
频率副词按频率从高到低排序:always>usually>often>sometimes>never
位置规则:be动词后,实义动词前;否定句中放在don’t/doesn’t后
注意:sometimes可放在句首,调整语气和表达重点
示例:He is always late. Sometimes I go to the library at night.
语法拓展 主谓一致 特殊情况
集体名词作主语时,谓语动词形式由表达含义决定
表整体时,用三单形式;表成员时,用复数形式
示例:My family is big. 我的家庭很大(整体)
My family are watching TV. 我的家人在看电视(成员)
语法拓展 一般现在时 否定形式进阶
除don’t/doesn’t+动词原形,还可用never表“从不”,语气更强
否定句中some需变为any,如I don’t have any milk
示例:I never eat fast food. He never goes to the cinema
语法拓展 一般现在时 疑问句进阶
一般疑问句中,some变any,any用于否定/疑问句
特殊疑问句结构:疑问词+do/does+主语+动词原形+其他
示例:What do you usually do on weekends? Where does she live?
高频易错点 汇总与解析
易错点1:动词三单变化漏加-s/-es,如like→like(错)
易错点2:以y结尾的词,不变y直接加-s,如study→studys(错)
易错点3:混淆be动词三单与实义动词三单,如is→has(错)
易错点4:否定句中some不变any,如I don’t have some milk(错)
高频考点核心梳理表
时态类型 动词形式 否定形式 疑问形式 核心标志词
be动词型 am/is/are am/is/are + not Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 其他? every day, always, often
实义动词型(非三单) 动词原形 don’t + 动词原形 Do + 主语 + 动词原形? every day, on weekdays
实义动词型(三单) 动词三单形式 doesn’t + 动词原形 Does + 主语 + 动词原形? every day, he/she/it作主语
单元核心 知识总结
一般现在时核心是描述常态、事实与特征,分be动词型和实义动词型
be动词型记人称搭配,实义动词型重点记三单变化规则
时间标志词、主谓一致、否定/疑问形式是三大核心考点
通过例句理解用法,通过练习巩固细节,规避易错点
教学课件
Unit3 语法专项——一般现在时
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