Unit 1 Part 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading（同步练习）-【学而思·PPT课件分层练习】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（译林版）

Unit 1　Honesty and responsibility Part 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading 基础过关练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.With such models, scientists have found out some key 　　　　(法则) operating in food webs.  2.Police have been searching all over Central America for the four 　　　　(罪犯).  3.(2025江西省多校期中联考) Orr, a sports ecologist at the University of Toronto, 　　　　(概述) how climate change is affecting sports in her new book.  4.(2023浙江1月改编)A hummingbird (蜂鸟) was covered in spider-webs (蛛网) and was b　　　　 able to move her wings.  5.(2025山西大学附属中学校模块诊断)Her i　　　　 smile and the gentle glow of the ice lantern seemed to tell a story of hope for the future of ice and snow sports.  Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.(2025广东汕头月考)There were also questions about the authenticity(真实性) of her performance, and some even suspected her 　　　　　 cheating.(P114词汇3)  2.He is a 　　　　　(rely) man and you can depend on it that he will keep his word.   3.During the strike, a great many young people got 　　　　　(arrest).(P115词汇4)  4.(2023北京)I turned up at the 　　　　　(appoint) hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest had arrived.(P113词汇1)  5.Before you begin, it’s worthwhile 　　　　　(understand) the examples provided for you.(P113词汇2)  6.These buildings will 　　　　　(tear) down to make room for some grasslands.  7.Actually, our new campus is built 　　　　　 there used to be nothing but fields.  8.I wish I 　　　　　(value) my health when I was young.  Ⅲ.选词填空(其中有一项多余) turn up; lose contact; make one’s fortune;make an appointment; arm in arm 　　Mike and I were good friends, but we 1.　　　　　　 after he moved to a big city to 2.　　　　　　. Yesterday, when I was walking in the street, he suddenly 3.　　　　　　 in front of me. We walked to where we used to hang about 4.　　　　　　 and had a long talk. We exchanged contact information when we parted.  Ⅳ.完成句子 1.直到我们意识到保护地球的重要性,我们才能真正地和大自然和谐相处。(not...until...) We 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 the importance of protecting the Earth.  2.She sat on the sofa comfortably and her legs were crossed.(句型转换,with的复合结构) →She sat on the sofa comfortably 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.(读后续写—场景描写)(P120结构2)  3.窗边坐着一位老人,手里拿着一本杂志。(一句多译) ①　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, with a magazine in his hand.(陈述句语序)  ②　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, with a magazine in his hand.(倒装语序)(读后续写—场景描写)(P119结构1)  能力提升练 Ⅰ.课文语法填空 While 　1　(walk) along the street as he always did at night, the policeman came across a man, 　2　 was waiting for a friend named Jimmy. It’s an 　3　(appoint) made twenty years ago. They 　4　(agree) that they would meet 　5　(exact) twenty years later, no matter what their conditions might be or what distance they might have to come from.  About twenty minutes later, a tall man pretending to be Jimmy, came to meet him. He suspected that 　6　 man was not Jimmy. However, that tall man took charge of the situation and told him that he 　7　(put) under arrest ten minutes before. It turned out 　8　 he was the criminal 　9　(want) in Chicago. The tall man gave him a note from Jimmy, from which he knew that Jimmy was just the policeman, and he was at the appointed place on time. Having known he was the criminal, Jimmy got a plain-clothes man 　10　(arrest) him.  1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　  6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　 9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　  Ⅱ.语法填空 (2025山东枣庄期末) 　　I celebrated my 18th birthday just before I went to university. I expected to feel 　1　(instant) different, as if I had closed the door on my childhood and 　2　(step) into a whole new adult world.　3　 it wasn’t like that.When I woke up the next day, there were still rules to obey and 　4　(lesson) to attend. In fact, the change has been more subtle and gradual than I imagined. Instead of 　5　(be) the selfish teenager I used to be, I have begun to feel more aware of other people and to develop a 　6　(strong) sense of social responsibility. To give an example, I 　7　(sign) an organ donation agreement this time tomorrow. This was 　8　 big decision for me. Of course I asked my parents for their approval first. Turning 18 also changed the way that society viewed 　9　(I). I was really surprised when a bank contacted me with a credit card offer. Of course, I would like to have more freedom of money and there is no doubt 　10　 I will be getting a credit card at some point, but I’ve also started thinking about saving for future needs. I currently don’t have a steady income, so getting a credit card might tempt me to spend more money than I have!  1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　  6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　 9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　  Ⅲ.阅读理解 A (2025安徽阜阳月考) 　　On a spring day, Guinness World Records held a ceremony in Bournemouth to award local lifeguard Chris Lewis the title. Lewis, 74, began working at the Dorset Resort when he was 16. “It’s the best job in the world,” he said. “You’re working and helping people. What could be better?” His colleagues were just half his age. But he is still fighting fit.The Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) lifeguards must complete a 400m pool swim in under 7 minutes and 30 seconds. They have to do a 25m pool swim underwater and a 25-metre surface swim consecutively in under 50 seconds and run 200m along the beach in under 40 seconds. The tests are still reasonably comfortable for Lewis. All winter he has been doing 3,000 metres of sea swimming each month. Lewis’s adventure began in 1965 when a police officer spotted that he was a keen swimmer and suggested he get his lifesaving badges. The following year he began volunteering as a lifeguard at the age of 16. Then he became part of the RNLI lifeguards in 2001 and began providing beach patrols for local authorities. Now the RNLI patrols more than 240 beaches across the UK. Lewis laughed when asked if he had seen many changes. “The RNLI’s equipment in 2024 includes jet skis, rescue boats and quad bikes.When I started, we had a T-shirt, swimming trunks, a swimming hat, a coat if you were lucky and a rescue tube. It was really very different.” His most memorable rescue took place in 2010 when three children got into trouble while swimming. There was a combination of wind and a strong spring tide. One of them was being hurled into a rock with severe cuts. The other two were being “knocked around” by the waves. Lewis swam out just with a rescue tube but managed to get all three back.  Over the years, he has performed hundreds of rescues. He says giving advice that prevents people getting into trouble is preferable to carrying out rescues. “I would love to go through the whole of summer without having to rescue anybody.” 1.Why is the training of the RNLI mentioned? A.To explain the importance of swimming skills. B.To stress Lewis’s efforts and capacity. C.To show demands of being a lifeguard. D.To describe the test process of fitness swimming. 2.What made Lewis begin his lifesaving career? A.His voluntary experience.　　　　　B.His passion for swimming. C.An invitation from the RNLI.　　　　　D.A police officer’s suggestion. 3.What can be inferred from Lewis’s words in paragraph 4? A.The RNLI cares for the safety of lifeguards.　　　　　 B.The RNLI currently needs more lifeguards. C.Lifeguard work was not easy in the past.　　　　　 D.The former lifeguards were more skilled. 4.What is the meaning of the underlined phrase “knocked around” in paragraph 5? A.Hit repeatedly.　　　　　B.Turned around. C.Hung out.　　　　　D.Broken down. B (2024河北石家庄期末) Most people don’t lie very much. It makes sense. By being honest with people, you not only build up goodwill, but also save a lot of brainpower since your brain doesn’t have to do anything out of the ordinary when you tell the truth. You just think of what you want to say, and you say it. Actually, lying takes much more work. Imagine you’re late for class and the teacher asks why. If you decide to lie, you have to make up a story on the spot, think about the various directions the conversation might take and figure out what you need to say to keep this whole lie from falling apart. You might not be aware of it, but you just give your brain a lot of extra work. “Substantial brain work is done in a region called the prefrontal cortex. It’s the part in charge of working memory,” explains Jennifer Vendemia, a scientist from the University of South Carolina. Working memory keeps something in mind just for a little while, such as remembering instructions on how to play a game or some other specific tasks. It stores things for only a short while as you’re using them, and it doesn’t put them in long-term storage. Besides working memory, the prefrontal cortex also takes care of tasks such as planning, problem-solving and self-control. Scientists describe these as executive function tasks. Executive function lets you think a step or two ahead to make sure the lie you’re telling will likely hold up to questioning. “Spending so much brainpower trying to keep a story straight means there’s less available for other things,” says Vendemia. “Lying is especially harmful for young people as the prefrontal cortex is not fully developed until around age 25. When the prefrontal cortex is busy with tasks related to lying, younger people have a harder time doing other tasks.” Lying has social costs, too. People generally value honesty and don’t like liars. So if people view you as untrustworthy, it can be bad for your relationships. 5.What is the first paragraph mainly about? A.The costs of lying to people.　　　　 　B.The true meaning of honesty. C.The benefits of being truthful.　　　　　D.The difficulty of being a good liar. 6.Why is a lying student mentioned in the second paragraph? A.To prove a concept.　　　　　 B.To introduce a topic. C.To provide a background.　　　　　D.To give an example. 7.Which of the following is the function of working memory? A.Remembering a lifelong lesson.　　　　　 B.Storing information for a short time. C.Pushing oneself to face difficulties.　　　　　 D.Processing information in the brain. 8.What is the passage mainly about? A.The reasons why people lie.　　　　　 B.The harmful effects of lying. C.The part of the brain in charge of lying.　　　　　 D.The ways to avoid being caught lying. 答案与分层梯度式解析 基础过关练 Ⅰ.1.principles　2.criminals　3.outlines　4.barely 5.innocent Ⅱ.1.of　考查介词。句意:还有对她表现的真实性的质疑,有些人甚至怀疑她作弊。suspect sb. of doing sth.意为“怀疑某人做某事”。故填of。 2.reliable　考查形容词。句意:他是一个可靠的人,你可以相信他会遵守诺言的。设空处修饰名词man,应用形容词,表示“可靠的”。故填reliable。 3.arrested　考查过去分词。句意:在罢工期间,许多年轻人被捕了。设空处在句中作got的表语,动词arrest与young people之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词。故填arrested。 4.appointed　考查非谓语动词。主句谓语为turned up,此处应用非谓语动词,且hour与appoint“安排,确定(时间)”之间为被动关系,应用过去分词作定语。appointed也可以理解为由过去分词转化来的形容词,意为“事先约定好的,指定的”。故填appointed。 5.to understand/understanding　考查worthwhile的用法。it is worthwhile to do sth./doing sth.表示“做某事是值得的”。 6.be torn　考查动词的语态。tear down意为“拆毁,拆除”,与主语These buildings之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,根据空前的will可知应填be torn。句意:这些建筑物将被拆除,为一些草地腾出地方。 7.where　考查状语从句。句意:事实上,我们的新校园所建的地方以前只是些田地。设空处引导地点状语从句,表示“……的地方”。故填where。 8.had valued　考查wish后的虚拟语气。wish后的宾语从句中所说的情况与事实相反,应用虚拟语气,根据“when I was young”可知此处表示对过去的虚拟,应用过去完成时,故填had valued。句意:我年轻的时候要是重视我的健康就好了。 Ⅲ.1.lost contact　2.make his fortune　3.turned up 4.arm in arm Ⅳ.1.can’t truly live in harmony with nature until we realize　2.with her legs crossed　3.①An old man sits by the window　②By the window sits an old man 能力提升练 Ⅰ.1.walking　考查现在分词。设空处位于连词While后,此处为时间状语从句的省略形式,省略了主语和be动词,动词walk和主语the policeman之间为逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词,完整形式为“While he was walking along the street”。 2.who　考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词a man,设空处在从句中作主语,指人,故用who。 3.appointment　考查名词。设空处作表语,根据前面的an可知,设空处应用名词单数,appointment表示“约定”。 4.agreed　考查动词的时态。此处陈述的是过去发生的事情,结合语境可知,应用一般过去时。 5.exactly　考查副词。设空处作状语,故用副词。 6.the　考查冠词。此处的man指代上文出现的a tall man,表示特指,应用定冠词,故填the。 7.had been put　考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语ten minutes before可知设空处表示的动作发生在told表示的动作之前,应用过去完成时;put sb. under arrest表示“逮捕某人”,put与从句主语he之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,故填had been put。 8.that　考查主语从句。分析该句结构可知,It为形式主语,设空处引导的从句是真正的主语,从句意思和结构完整,故用that引导。 9.wanted　考查过去分词。设空处在句中作后置定语,修饰criminal,动词want(通缉)与criminal之间为被动关系,应用过去分词,故填wanted。 10.to arrest　考查动词不定式。get sb. to do sth.为固定用法,意为“让某人做某事”,故填to arrest。 Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者18岁生日后的成长感悟。 【高频词汇】　1.obey v.遵守;顺从　2.attend v.经常去;出席　3.donation n.捐赠　4.approval n.赞成,同意;批准,认可　5.currently adv.目前,当前　6.steady adj.稳定的;稳步的 【差距词汇】　1.subtle adj.不易察觉的;不明显的 2.tempt v.引诱,怂恿 1.instantly　考查副词。设空处作状语,表示“立刻”,应用副词。故填instantly。 2.stepped　考查时态。根据空前的and可知,设空处与had closed并列作谓语,也应用过去完成时,and后省略了had。故填stepped。 3.But　考查连词。前后文为转折关系,应用连词but,位于句首,首字母大写。故填But。 4.lessons　考查名词的数。lesson为可数名词,空前没有限定词,设空处应用复数形式。故填lessons。 5.being　考查动名词。设空处作介词of的宾语,应用动名词。故填being。 6.stronger　考查形容词比较级。结合上文more aware of可知,此处含有与过去作对比的意思,设空处应用strong的比较级。故填stronger。 7.will be signing　考查时态。sign在此处作动词,表示“签署”。根据this time tomorrow可知,本句描述将来正在进行的动作,应用将来进行时。故填will be signing。 8.a　考查冠词。此处泛指“一个重大的决定”,应用不定冠词,且big为辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 9.me　考查代词。设空处作动词viewed的宾语,应用宾格。故填me。 10.that　考查同位语从句。设空处引导同位语从句,解释说明doubt的内容,从句结构意思完整,应用that引导。there is no doubt that...表示“毫无疑问……”。故填that。 Ⅲ. A ◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。74岁的救生员Chris Lewis获得了吉尼斯世界纪录,文章回顾了他的职业生涯及救援经历。 【高频词汇】　1.award v.授予 n.奖,奖品　2.complete v.完成,结束 adj.完全的,全部的　3.local authority n.地方政府　4.memorable adj.难忘的,值得纪念的　5.take place 发生　6.combination n.结合,联合;结合体,联合体 【熟词生义】　title　熟义:n.标题,名称　生义:n.称号,头衔 【差距词汇】　1.fighting fit adj.非常强健的 2.consecutively adv.连续地　3.badge n.徽章;标记;象征 4.patrol n.& v.巡逻,巡查　5.spring tide大潮　6.hurl v.猛扔,猛摔;大声说出(辱骂或斥责等) 1.B　推理判断题。根据题干关键信息“training of the RNLI”可将答案定位至第二段。第二段提到(英国)皇家全国救生艇协会的救生员需要通过艰难的测试,这些测试对Lewis来说比较容易,因为整个冬季,他每个月都在海里游3,000米。由此可推知,本段提及(英国)皇家全国救生艇协会的训练主要是为了体现Lewis为成为该协会救生员所付出的努力以及他卓越的能力。故选B。 2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知,1965年,一名警察发现Lewis喜欢游泳,于是建议他拿到救生徽章。第二年,16岁的他便开始志愿当救生员。由此可知,正是这位警察的建议使得Lewis开启了他的救生员生涯。故选D。 3.C　推理判断题。根据第四段Lewis说的话可知,当他刚开始做救生员的时候,(英国)皇家全国救生艇协会的装备只有一件T恤、泳裤、泳帽和一根救援棒,幸运的话,还有一件外套。由此可推知,之前的救生装备比较落后,救援工作比较艰难。故选C。 4.A　词义猜测题。根据上文“One of them was being hurled into a rock with severe cuts.(其中一人正被抛到一块岩石上,身上有多处严重的伤口。)”以及下文“by the waves”可推知,此处指另外两个孩子被海浪反复撞击。由此猜测,画线短语knocked around意为“反复撞击”。故选A。 B ◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章详细阐述了撒谎的众多危害。 【高频词汇】　1.make sense有道理,讲得通　2.make up编造　3.on the spot当场　4.be aware of意识到 5.in charge of负责,掌管　6.keep...in mind记住,牢记 7.specific adj.具体的;特定的　8.(be) related to与……相关　9.view...as...把……视为…… 【差距词汇】　goodwill n.善意;信誉 5.C　主旨大意题。第一段提到通过对人坦诚,你不仅增加了善意,而且还节省了大量的脑力,因为当你说真话时,你的大脑不必做任何不寻常的事情。你只要思考你想说什么,然后说出来。由此可知这一段主要是关于诚实的好处。故选C。 6.D　推理判断题。第二段首句是本段主旨句,即撒谎需要付出更多的努力。下文提到学生撒谎的目的是举例来说明该主旨。故选D。 7.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Working memory keeps...put them in long-term storage.”可知,工作记忆只会把一些事情记住一小段时间,它只能在你使用的时候短暂地储存东西,而不能长期储存。由此可知,工作记忆只能储存信息一小段时间。故选B。 8.B　主旨大意题。第一段介绍了诚实的好处,第二、三、四段从不同角度说明撒谎的危害。由此可知,本文主要介绍了说谎的有害影响。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $