Unit 1 Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（同步练习）-【学而思·PPT课件分层练习】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（外研版）

Unit 1　Looking forwards Part 1　Starting out & Understanding ideas 基础过关练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.(2024北京)The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe 　　　　　 (ultimate) consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable.  2.One of their 　　　　　 is to win the world championship, which makes them 　　　　　 athletes. (ambition)  3.I have been in 　　　　　with a fashion　　　　　and have learnt more news about designer clothes and cosmetics. (correspond)   4.Some young people like reading 　　　　　 books, from which they can have a better understanding of the important cultural relics and 　　　　　 sites.(history)   5.(2021上海1月)With the massive invasion of industrialization and urbanization, people were forced 　　　　　(move) away from nature.   6.(2025福建宁德开学考)After a year of recovering at home, she signed up for a course with the ambition 　　　　　 (become) a painter.  7.(2024新课标Ⅱ) 　　　　　 disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems are forgotten once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.  8.(2025新课标Ⅱ) Our study showed that there 　　　　　 a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who 　　　　 in plant-rich workplaces.(be)  Ⅱ.选词填空(其中有一项多余) take action; compared to; take a leaf from one􀆳s book; by contrast; in the face of; come one􀆳s way Unfortunately, I failed in the public speaking contest last weekend. However, I wouldn􀆳t throw in the towel—after all, I knew opportunities would not 1.　　　　　　 without effort. 2.　　　　　　 this setback, I chose to 3.　　　　　　 immediately. I analyzed my shortcomings, practiced in front of a mirror, and sought feedback from teachers. When seeing peers tackle problems with courage, I 4.　　　　　　 and embraced challenges head-on. 5.　　　　　　　　, those who shrink back will only find difficulties growing, proving that bravery is the key to shaping our life path.  Ⅲ.完成句子 1.(2022全国乙写作) 结果是,当谈到英语学习时,学生们更喜欢娱乐的方式而不是传统的方式。(turn out;when) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 students favor the entertaining ways over the traditional ones 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.   2.(2025天津3月写作)如图表所示,中国的图书馆访问量显著增加,从2014年的7.2亿人次增加到了2024年的14亿人次。(定语从句;rise) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, there is a remarkable 　　　　 　　　　 library visits across China, soaring from 720 million in 2014 to 1.4 billion in 2024.  3.As soon as he saw the videos, he felt that the memories of his boyhood came flooding back.(句型转换) →　　　　 　　　　 the videos, he felt that the memories of his boyhood came flooding back.   →　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 /　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 the videos, he felt that the memories of his boyhood came flooding back. (读后续写—心理描写)  能力提升练 Ⅰ.课文语法填空 It is known that having plans for the future is no guarantee 　1　 they will come true. As for this, some people are 　2　 (fortunate) than others.  The American author, Ernest Hemingway, born in 1899, had an 　3　(ambitious) to write from early boyhood. The moment he left high school, he joined a local newspaper as a trainee reporter. He decided to write one story about each thing he knew about. 　4　(set) himself this goal, he wrote novels and short stories based on his personal experiences. His novel The Old Man and the Sea 　5　(win) the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953.   In contrast, Arthur Conan Doyle had 　6　(original) worked as a doctor. After Sherlock Holmes made him famous, Doyle gave up medicine and devoted himself entirely 　7　 writing. He wanted to become known for his historical novels, so he killed off the famous detective in a novel 　8　(publish) in 1893. However, fans of Holmes were so angry that Doyle was forced 　9　(bring) Holmes back from the dead.  Though the two men were successful at last, their paths to success were different. So,　10　 difficulties you might encounter, learn from the two authors and be prepared for the unexpected.  1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　   6.　　　　　　　7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　　9.　　　　　　　10.　　　　　　   Ⅱ.语法填空 (2024陕西西安学业考试) Tay grew up working beside his father and brother in a kitchen. While his dad cooked, Tay would do the dishes and help 　1　 other work. Years later, after his dad and brother had passed away, Tay made up his mind that he would honor their legacy (遗产) of bringing 　2　 (smile) to people through food! The only problem was that he had no idea how to cook.  Instead of 　3　 (give) up, Tay began watching tutorials (学习指南) on the Internet 　4　 (careful). With efforts to study online, Tay and his wife Sarah were able to open a restaurant of their own ultimately. They cooked by 　5　 (they) and provided numerous people with delicious barbecue classics.  Up till now, the restaurant 　6　 (offer) jobs to more than 60 people in their community, and thousands of people have been there 　7　 (get) a taste of Tay􀆳s cooking! “I never pictured all this happening. You can dream but to see things fall into place is 　8　 (excite),” Tay said. At present, he no longer needs tutorials to help improve his cooking skills, but he won􀆳t forget this unique teacher.  “First, I ran from it, and then it was a hobby, and then it just fell into place. When you􀆳re really doing 　9　 you love to do, it makes sense,” Tay added. What 　10　 beautiful way to honor his father and brother!  1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　   6.　　　　　　　7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　　9.　　　　　　　10.　　　　　　   Ⅲ.阅读理解 A (2025广东深圳市盐田高级中学月考) While I was a medical student, the adaptability I learned from my parents in my boyhood was tested by the chaos of a series of events in Lebanon. Many people, including my parents, lost their life savings due to economic crises. Despite all that, I remained focused and completed my degree. Ultimately, it was my turn to leave home in search of a brighter future. I arrived in Utah as a postdoctoral fellow, hoping to gain research experience to back my application to US medical residency programs. However, research proved far more challenging than I expected. In medicine, I was trained to diagnose (诊断) and treat patients, with clear and often immediate outcomes. The lab was a different world—experiments took time to set up, data had to be carefully analyzed, and results often didn􀆳t come out as expected. One set of experiments failed entirely at first—then took months of controlling one variable after another to get running. And I faced new challenges, including leading projects and guiding students. All these helped me a lot in many aspects, especially in my determination on the research path. Yet some people around me provided vital support. A postdoc taught me the importance of note taking, technicians helped me design experiments, and my advisers expressed faith in my ability to complete projects. Sharing meals and laughter with colleagues as we explored Salt Lake City created a sense of belonging that enriched both my work and life. And my memories of Lebanon and the adaptability of its people strengthened my resolve. Initially, I viewed my postdoctoral position as a stepping stone to my medical career. But now, 2 years into it, I am seriously considering becoming a physician-scientist. This transition will bridge my past and future, enabling me to stay grounded in the values that shaped me while accepting the potential and complexities of research. I don􀆳t know whether or when I􀆳ll return to Lebanon, but the lessons I learned there will be with me for life. 1.What is the function of paragraph 1? A.To inspire deeper thinking. B.To present an argument. C.To make a comparison. D.To tell the background. 2.What can we learn from the author􀆳s postdoctoral career? A.Barriers could be avoided. B.Challenges fueled growth. C.Clinical work was relaxing. D.Diagnosis was stress-free. 3.How did the author become more adaptable? A.By building social bonds and recalling. B.By using the self-directed learning method. C.By reflecting upon his past and present. D.By reading touching stories of Lebanon. 4.What is the best title for the text? A.Economic Crises and Career Choices B.Lab Challenges and Clinical Practice C.Medical Research Is Harder than Clinical Work D.Adaptability and Support Help Reshape the Life Path B (2025天津市第一中学期中) The psychological term “valence weighting bias” (效价权重偏差) describes people􀆳s tendency to adapt in new circumstances by drawing more strongly from either their positive or negative attitudes—or rather, whether negative or positive internal “signals” carry the most weight in guiding people􀆳s final behavior. Studies led by Russell Fazio and Javier Granados Samayoa from The Ohio State University found links between a negative-leaning attitude and procrastination, and that it􀆳s possible to shift the weighting bias and reverse (逆转) the tendency to delay a task. In the study, 147 college students participated in a program allowing them to accumulate course credits for engaging in a research program. Those who thought it was an awful thing to do put off starting. The study also explored whether students􀆳 measures of self-control influenced task-related behaviors—how students characterized their level of motivation about the research program, and if that affected whether students got an early start. Results showed that the combination of negative weighting bias and self-reported low motivation for effective self-control was linked to students􀆳 putting off research program participation by getting started later in the semester. Then the students in the program who were self-reported procrastinators and who scored high for negative weighting bias were asked to join in another study. Researchers then inspired one group in a way that led participants to weigh up positive and negative signals in a more balanced way. This shift caused the students to accumulate credit hours more quickly than the group whose negative weighting bias and low self-control reliably predicted their delay. “If somebody is more motivated and able to think more about it, that might bring other considerations that weaken the influence of the valence weighting bias,” researchers said. Negative weighting bias can have a positive effect on behavior, though. These researchers have also found evidence that a negative weighting bias may help people be more realistic when they􀆳re asking themselves, “Have I studied enough for this test?” “It􀆳s better to be more objectively balanced than to be at either extreme,” Fazio said. “But the situation where a particular valence weighting bias is likely to be problematic is going to vary.” 5.What can we know about valence weighting bias? A.It is used in modern technology. B.It influences people􀆳s mental health. C.It directs what people do variously. D.It leads to delays in carrying out tasks. 6.Which group of students would start participating earlier in the first study? A.Students who were reported to lack motivation. B.Students who drew more strongly from positivity. C.Students who were aware of valence weighting bias. D.Students who wanted to improve their self-discipline. 7.What does the experiment in paragraph 4 indicate? A.Higher scores lead to higher motivation. B.Negative weighting bias can be changed. C.Participants need encouragement from researchers. D.Conducting experiments properly and reliably is crucial. 8.What is the main idea of the passage? A.Valence weighting bias can be problematic in particular situations. B.Procrastination is primarily caused by people􀆳s negative weighting bias. C.Negative weighting bias should be minimized to overcome procrastination. D.Valence weighting bias shapes behavior through positive or negative attitudes. 答案与分层梯度式解析 Part 1　Starting out & Understanding ideas 基础过关练 Ⅰ.1.ultimately　考查副词。句意:18世纪的哲学家康德认为,宇宙最终由不可知的物自体构成。分析句子成分可知,此处修饰谓语动词,应用副词作状语。故填ultimately。 2.ambitions;ambitious　考查名词的数和形容词。句意:他们的理想之一是赢得世界冠军,这使他们成为有雄心的运动员。由第一空前面的One of和形容词性物主代词their可知,第一空应用复数名词,故填ambitions。分析句子成分可知,第二空作定语,修饰athletes,应用形容词,故填ambitious。 3.correspondence;correspondent　考查名词。句意:我一直和一位时尚记者通信,了解了更多关于名牌服装和化妆品的消息。由第一空前的in和空后的with及语境可知,此处使用的是固定搭配in correspondence with...,表示“与……通信”,故第一空填correspondence。结合语境和第二空前的a fashion可知,第二空指的是人,表示“记者”,且为单数,故第二空填correspondent。 4.historical;historic　考查形容词。句意:一些年轻人喜欢阅读有关历史的书籍,从中他们可以更好地了解重要的文化遗物和历史遗迹。根据两空后的“books”和“sites”可知,两空都用形容词作定语。结合语境可知,第一空表示“有关历史的”,应用形容词historical;第二空表示“历史上著名的”,应用形容词historic。 易错归因 　　此题易弄混historical和historic,原因是没有准确掌握两个形容词的不同意义。historical表示“(有关)历史的;有关历史研究的;历史学的”,通常涉及历史、史学、过去的事实;而historic表示“历史性的,历史上重要的/著名的”,强调事物本身具有的重大历史意义。 5.to move　考查动词不定式。句意:随着工业化和城市化的大规模侵入,人们被迫远离自然。be forced to do sth.为固定搭配,表示“被迫做某事”,其中不定式作主补。故填to move。 6.to become　考查动词不定式。句意:在家休养一年后,她怀揣着成为画家的志向报名参加了一门课程。分析句子结构可知,设空处作抽象名词ambition的后置定语,因此用不定式。故填to become。 7.Whatever　考查连词。句意:无论意大利的生活可能有什么样的缺点,一旦你坐下来与朋友和家人一起享用大餐,这些问题都会被遗忘。分析句子结构可知,“　　　　 disadvantages life in Italy might have”为设空处引导的让步状语从句;结合句意可知,设空处修饰disadvantages,表示“无论什么样的”,且设空处位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Whatever。  学科思维 　　whatever在引导状语从句或名词性从句时,如果表示“无论什么”,可作主语、宾语、表语;如果表示“无论什么样的”,常作定语,修饰后面的名词。 类比启发 　　“特殊疑问词+-ever”形式的词(如whatever、whoever、however、whenever、wherever等)可引导让步状语从句,也可引导名词性从句。仅在让步状语从句中该类词可转换为“no matter+特殊疑问词”,如whatever可转换为no matter what。 8.was;were　考查时态和主谓一致。句意:我们的研究表明,在植物丰富的工作场所工作的人,其病假率降低了 30%。根据语境和句中的showed可知,that引导的宾语从句要用一般过去时。第一空使用了there be句型,谓语要和后面的主语“a 30% decrease in...”保持一致,主语是单数形式,故第一空填was。第二空是who引导的定语从句的谓语动词,关系代词who代替先行词people在定语从句中作主语,先行词为复数名词,谓语动词也要用复数形式,故第二空填 were。 Ⅱ.1.come my way　2.In the face of　3.take action 4.took a leaf from their book　5.By contrast Ⅲ.1.It turns out that; when it comes to English learning 2.As the chart shows; rise in 3.On/Upon seeing; Immediately/Directly/Instantly he saw; The moment/instant/minute he saw 能力提升练 Ⅰ.1.that　考查同位语从句。句意:众所周知,对未来有所计划并不能保证它们会实现。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,设空处后为完整句子,意思完整且不缺少成分,“they will come true”为guarantee的具体内容,由此推断设空处引导同位语从句,故填that。 2.more fortunate　考查形容词比较级。句意:关于这一点,一些人比其他人更幸运。根据空后的than可知,本空应用形容词fortunate的比较级形式。 3.ambition　考查名词。句意:美国作家欧内斯特·海明威生于1899年,从少年时代早期起他的理想就是写作。根据空前的不定冠词an可知本空应用名词单数形式,此处表示“追求的目标,理想”,故填ambition。 4.Having set　考查现在分词的完成式。句意:在为自己设定了这个目标之后,他根据他的亲身经历写了长篇小说和短篇小说。句中已有谓语wrote且逗号前后没有连词连接,则设空处应用非谓语动词形式。本空在句中作状语,句子主语he和动词set之间为主动关系,应用现在分词形式,且set表示的动作在wrote表示的动作之前发生,故本空应用现在分词的完成式Having set。 5.won　考查时态。句意:他的小说《老人与海》于1953年获得普利策小说奖。设空处作谓语,根据时间状语in 1953可知,本空应用一般过去时。 6.originally　考查副词。句意:相比之下,阿瑟·柯南·道尔原先是一名医生。本空修饰谓语had worked,应用副词作状语,表示“原来,起初”,故填originally。 7.to　考查介词。句意:在夏洛克·福尔摩斯使道尔成名后,道尔便放弃了医学,全身心地致力于写作。devote oneself to意为“致力于,献身于”,故本空应用介词to。 8.published　考查过去分词。句意:……所以他在1893年出版的一部小说中除掉了这位著名的侦探。本句中so连接前后两个并列分句;so后的分句中已有谓语动词killed且该分句中没有连词,则设空处应用非谓语动词形式。由句意及句子结构可知本空修饰名词novel,novel和publish之间为逻辑上的被动关系,故本空应用过去分词作后置定语。 9.to bring　考查不定式。句意:然而,福尔摩斯的粉丝们如此愤怒以至于道尔被迫使福尔摩斯起死回生。be forced to do sth.意为“被迫做某事”,故本空应用不定式形式。 10.whatever　考查让步状语从句。句意:所以,不管你可能遇到什么困难,都要向这两位作家学习,为应对意外做好准备。根据语境和句子结构可知设空处引导让步状语从句,表示“无论什么”,根据空后的difficulties可知,本空应用whatever。 Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Tay在亲人去世后,决定尊重他们的遗志,通过食物把微笑带给人们。不会做菜就上网自学,Tay通过自学成功开办了餐馆,为人们提供美味的食物,并为社区的人提供了工作。Tay以这种美好的方式来纪念他的父亲和哥哥。 【高频词汇】　1.pass away去世　2.honor v.信守,尊重 3.fall into place (情况)豁然开朗;(计划或事件)按所希望的方式发生　4.unique adj.独特的;独一无二的 5.make sense 有意义 【熟词生义】　picture 熟义:n.图片;照片　生义:v.想象,设想 1.with　考查介词。句意:Tay会在爸爸做饭的时候洗碗并帮忙做其他工作。help with sth.为固定搭配,表示“帮忙做某事”。故填with。 2.smiles　考查名词的数。根据动词bringing和空后的介词to可知,设空处应用名词作宾语;smile作名词时表示“微笑”,为可数名词,空前没有限定词修饰,要用其复数形式。故填smiles。 3.giving　考查动名词。句意:Tay没有放弃,而是开始仔细观看网上的教程。根据介词短语Instead of可知,设空处要用动名词作宾语。故填giving。 4.carefully　考查副词。分析句子可知,设空处修饰动词watching,应用副词作状语。故填carefully。 5.themselves　考查反身代词。句意:他们亲自下厨,为很多人提供了美味的烧烤经典。分析句子可知,设空处作宾语,与主语They所指一致,应用反身代词。by oneself表示“独自,靠自己”。故填themselves。 6.has offered　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,这家餐厅已经为他们社区的六十多个人提供了工作,成千上万的人已经去过那里以品尝Tay烹饪的食物!分析句子可知,and连接两个并列分句,设空处为前一分句的谓语动词,结合时间状语“Up till now”可知,用现在完成时。前一分句的主语the restaurant是第三人称单数,与offer之间为主动关系,故填has offered。 7.to get　考查动词不定式。句意同上。根据and后的分句中的谓语动词have been可知,设空处应为非谓语动词。结合句意可知,设空处作目的状语,表示“去那里是为了品尝……”,应用动词不定式。故填to get。 8.exciting　考查形容词。句意:我从没想过会发生这样的事。你可以去梦想,但看到事情顺利进行才是令人激动的……。分析句子可知,设空处作表语;主语为不定式短语“to see things fall into place”,结合语境可知设空处表示该不定式短语的性质,表示“令人激动的”,应用形容词exciting作表语,故填exciting。 9.what　考查宾语从句。句意:当你真正在做你喜欢做的事情时,这是有意义的……。分析句子可知,“　9　 you love to do”为设空处引导的宾语从句,作doing的宾语,设空处在从句中作do的宾语,表示“……的事情”,故填what。  10.a　考查冠词。句意:这是多么美好的纪念他父亲和哥哥的方式啊!分析句子可知,该句为感叹句,结构为“What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词”,根据该结构可知设空处应用不定冠词限定名词短语beautiful way,表示“一种美好的方式”;beautiful以辅音音素开头,故填a。 Ⅲ.A ◎语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。作者在博士后阶段遇到挑战,但同时也提升适应能力并获得周围人的支持,这促使作者重新思考职业规划,从而重塑人生。 【高频词汇】　1.adaptability n.适应性　adaptable adj.能适应的　2.economic crisis 经济危机　3.challenging adj.有挑战性的　challenge n.& v.挑战　4.determination n.决心　5.a sense of belonging一种归属感　6.initially adv.最初 【熟词生义】　1.bridge熟义:n.桥,纽带　生义:v.结合(极为不同的两者)　2.shape 熟义:n.形状　生义:v.塑造,影响……的发展 【差距词汇】　1.postdoctoral adj.博士后的　postdoc n.博士后学生　2.residency n.居住;高级专科住院医生实习期　3.variable n.变量;可变因素 1.D　推理判断题。结合第一段首尾句可知,当作者还是一名医科学生时,作者小时候从父母那里学到的适应能力在黎巴嫩一系列混乱事件中受到了考验,尽管如此,作者仍然保持专注,完成了学位。由此可知,第一段介绍了作者的家庭背景、成长环境及后来面临的困境。结合第二段首句“最终,该我离开家去寻找更光明的未来了。”可推断,第一段是为后文讲述其职业发展做铺垫。故选D。 学科思维 　　文章第一段常见的写作手法及作用:1.使用名言、引语、例子等引出文章主题。2.开篇点题,表达作者的态度或引出所介绍的内容。3.提供背景信息,为后文发展做铺垫。4.通过有趣或富有悬念的开头吸引读者的兴趣。 2.B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“However, research proved far more challenging...The lab was a different world...One set of experiments failed entirely at first...And I faced new challenges...”可知,作者在博士后阶段遇到许多挑战;结合第二段最后一句“All these helped me a lot in many aspects, especially in my determination on the research path.”可知,这些挑战促使作者成长,增强了其在研究道路上的决心。故选B。 类比启发 　　该类试题需联系上下文相关信息,并对多个句子进行归纳总结和推理判断,有时甚至需要跨段落搜集信息,综合分析后方可得出答案。 3.A　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Yet some people around me provided vital support.”和后面身边人支持作者的多个例子以及最后一句“And my memories of Lebanon and the adaptability of its people strengthened my resolve. (我对黎巴嫩的回忆以及那里人民的适应能力增强了我的决心。)”可知,作者通过建立社交联系(同事的支持)和回忆黎巴嫩的经历(家庭与成长背景的影响)提升了适应能力。故选A。 4.D　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章围绕作者的成长经历展开,第一段强调作者从父母那里学到的适应能力(adaptability),第三段提到周围人的支持(support),最后一段指出这些因素促使作者重新思考职业道路,考虑成为医师科学家(physician-scientist)。全文核心在于“适应能力”和“他人的支持”如何改变人生轨迹。所以D项Adaptability and Support Help Reshape the Life Path (适应能力与支持帮助重塑人生道路)精准概括了文章主旨。故选D。 B ◎语篇解读　 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了效价权重偏差(valence weighting bias),即个人倾向于采取积极态度还是消极态度来适应新环境或者新的工作任务,为解释拖延任务行为提供了新角度。俄亥俄州立大学的研究发现了消极态度和拖延之间的联系,并且有可能改变权重偏差,逆转拖延任务的趋势。 【高频词汇】　1.tendency n.趋势,倾向　2.draw v.获取,得出;吸引　3.accumulate v.积累　4.engage in参加 5.motivation n.动力,积极性　motivated adj.有积极性的,主动的　6.score v.得分　7.balanced adj.均衡的;客观公正的　8.weaken v.减弱,(使) 虚弱 【差距词汇】　1.procrastination n.拖延　procrastinator n.拖延者　2.characterize v.是……的特征;描述 3.problematic adj.成问题的,造成困难的 5.C　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,心理学术语“效价权重偏差”描述了人们在新环境中的适应倾向,他们会更多地依据自身的积极或消极态度来做出反应,也可以理解为究竟是负面还是正面的内在“信号”在指导人们的最终行为方面更具影响力。由此可知,“效价权重偏差”指导人们做各种各样的事情。故选C。 6.B　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“Those who thought it was an awful thing to do put off starting.”和最后一句“...the combination of negative weighting bias and...was linked to students􀆳 putting off...by getting started later in the semester.”可知,认为这是一件糟糕的事情的人、对此持消极态度的人会推迟参与。由此可推断,认为这是一件好的事情的人、对此持积极态度的人会早参与。结合第一段中的“drawing more strongly from either their positive or negative attitudes”可知,在第一项研究中,如果学生们更加积极乐观,他们会更早开始参与。故选B。 7.B　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知,那些自我报告为拖延者且在负面权重偏差方面得分较高的学生参与了另一项研究,在该研究中,研究人员对其中一组人员施以某种影响,使他们能够更平衡地权衡正面和负面的信息,而这种转变导致这组学生比另一组学生更快地积累学分。也就是说,这两组学生都是负面权重偏差类的,其中一组通过干预得到了改变。由此可知,第四段中的实验说明负面权重偏差可以改变。故选B。 8.D　主旨大意题。 第一段对心理学术语“效价权重偏差”进行了解释,结合第二段与其相关的研究主题“研究发现了消极态度和拖延之间的联系,并且有可能改变权重偏差,逆转拖延任务的趋势”及下文的研究介绍可概括,文章从“效价权重偏差”方面解释了拖延任务的行为。因此,这篇文章的主旨是“效价权重偏差通过积极或消极态度塑造行为”。故选D。 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $