UNIT 3 Part 2 Learning About Language（同步练习）-【学而思·PPT课件分层练习】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（人教版）

Part 2　Learning About Language & Using Language 基础过关练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.We listened to the unbelievable news with a 　　　　　(mix) of surprise and horror.  2.When David struggled to cross the finishing line, a storm of cheers and 　　　　　(applaud) erupted from the people present.  3.(2025浙江1月)This platform is not only reserved for 　　　　　(profession) cooks, but also for those willing to discover new experiences.  4.The year 2024 saw the successful launch of China's Shenzhou-19 　　　　　(man) spacecraft.  5.In a sense, many parents see their children as an 　　　　　(extend) of themselves.  6.The most attractive point of GPS is its nearly 100% 　　　　　(cover) on the planet.  Ⅱ.单元语法专练 1.(2021浙江1月写作)被选中代表全体学生向新西兰的学生表示热烈欢迎是我的荣幸。(for引出不定式的逻辑主语) It is an honor 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　to extend a warm welcome to students from New Zealand on behalf of all the students.  2.人们呼吁政府采取有效的措施来减少社区暴力。(measure) People call on the government 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 community violence.  3.据说他已经被一所名牌大学录取了。(admit) He is said 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 a famous university.  4.(2023新课标Ⅱ)该项目旨在帮助学生发展科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。(aim) The program 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.  5.(2025广东潮州期中)透过火车窗户,他惊讶地看到薄雾笼罩的山峰和清澈的蓝色湖泊。 Through the train window, he 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 the misty mountain peaks and the clear blue lake.(读后续写—景色描写)  6.我们匆忙赶到飞机场,却被告知由于台风,航班被推迟了。(不定式作结果状语) We hurried to the airport, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 that the flight had been put off due to the typhoon.  7.减少工业污染和净化水需要共同的努力。(joint) It took 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 the industrial pollution and clean the water.  8.(2025新课标Ⅱ)这关乎围绕拥有充实的生活意味着什么去解决问题。那些孩子拥有梦想,学校可以通过为孩子们提供一个学习和成长的途径,让那些梦想保持鲜活。 It's about problem-solving around what it means 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　. Those kids have dreams. School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.  9.如果家长未能设定限制,孩子们的游戏成瘾就不能完全怪他们。(blame) Children 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 for their game addiction when parents fail to set limits.  10.与此同时,所有这些经历之后,我发现增强与邻居之间的信任关系极其重要。(vital;bond) 　　　　, after all these experiences, I 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　with the neighbours. 能力提升练  Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2025江苏盐城五校联盟月考) The ocean covers approximately 70% of the Earth's surface. It's the largest living space on our planet, and there's more life there than anywhere else on Earth. Through exploration, we're learning more about its biological, chemical, physical, and geological(地质的) aspects. Exploration leads to discovery, but before we can truly explore, we must map the seafloor. Seafloor mapping provides a sense of what may lie beneath and guides decisions about where to explore. While the entire seafloor has been mapped using data collected from satellites, these data provide only a general picture of what's there. Detail is limited on these maps, so some important geographical features like seamounts and objects like shipwrecks(沉船) remain unseen. By June 2024, 26.1% of the global seafloor had been mapped with modern high-resolution(高分辨率的) technology, usually fixed on ships, which can reveal the seafloor in greater detail. While 54% of the seafloor beneath U.S. waters had been mapped by modern standards, the nation possesses the seafloor area larger than the land area of all 50 states. Thus, there's still a lot of the seafloor left to be mapped at high resolution. More is known about the seafloor than the species that call the ocean home. Seafloor maps can provide information about potential habitats, but they can't identify species on the seafloor or provide information about how they interact with each other and their environments. Scientists estimate there may be between 700,000 and 1 million species in the ocean. Meanwhile, roughly two-thirds of these species have yet to be discovered or officially described, with almost 2,000 new species accepted by the scientific community each year. We have a great deal more to learn about our ocean and what lives in it, but progress is being made. We learn more and more each year. But the ocean will never be fully explored. Earth is constantly changing, and it's important to understand these changes given the importance of the ocean in our everyday lives. 1.Why is seafloor mapping important for exploring the ocean?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.It reveals all objects on the seafloor.　　 B.It shows the seafloor in greater detail. C.It guides decisions about where to sail.　　 D.It provides a general picture of the earth. 2.Why is the seafloor beneath U.S. waters mentioned in paragraph 3? A.To stress the further task of mapping the seafloor. B.To explain the standards of mapping the seafloor. C.To illustrate the geographical features of the seafloor. D.To highlight the significance of mapping the seafloor. 3.What can we learn from the seafloor maps? A.The quality of the water.　　B.The marine environment. C.The homes of sea species.　　D.The endangered sea species. 4.What is the best title for the text? A.How can the seafloor be mapped?　　 B.What species are living in the ocean? C.Why is it important to exploit the ocean?　　 D.How much of the ocean has been explored? Ⅱ.七选五 (2025山东泰安阶段测试) Oceans are an appealing target for renewable energy production. Waves produce 32,000 terawatt-hours of natural energy per year—by comparison, the entire world uses around 23,000 terawatt-hours of energy every year. The advantages of wave power are clear. 　1　 Turbines produce electricity through the power of waves, making them a completely pollution-free, renewable energy source. And the amount of kinetic energy in a wave is so huge that the energy is used to produce electricity. There is also a lot of potential because many countries have access to an ocean that can help power their electricity systems. Also, waves are hardly interrupted and almost always on the move. 　2　  But the disadvantages of wave energy are serious too. Building factories or installing electrical wires directly on the beach might prove challenging. 　3　 Local fishing zones could be affected or the factories could lead to more coastal erosion. High costs are a problem too. Wave power is a rising energy technology in the early stages of development, so calculating the costs is difficult. 　4　 Because constant movement can lead to more damage, wave energy factories will most likely need regular and costly maintenance.  　5　 For many ocean-bordering countries, wave energy will be a great addition to the renewable energy mix. The bottom line is that wave power has enormous global potential. However, the industry needs more funding and research to finalize the technologies involved so that countries can begin adding wave energy to their renewable energy source list.  A.Wave energy still needs to be explored. B.They are not affordable to many countries. C.Despite the challenges, there is a future of wave energy. D.Wave energy does not give off greenhouse gases when produced. E.They can cause damage to sea life and the surrounding ecosystems. F.Maintenance of the factories in moving saltwater is very expensive. G.This makes electricity from wave energy a more reliable energy source. 1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　  Ⅲ.完形填空 (2024湖南湘楚名校月考) In May 1869, John Wesley Powell, a former Union Army major who had lost most of his right 　1　 in the Battle of Shiloh, led 10 　2　 in launching four heavy wooden boats loaded to the gunwales with 10 months of supplies.  Three of the boats were made of oak, more suitable for cruising lakes than busting through rapids. None of the men were 　3　 boatmen. The one-armed captain of the crew had maps with gaps in them. 　4　, it was the grandest expedition since Lewis and Clark. Meanwhile, over 500 rapids and 1,000 miles of 　5　 currents awaited them.  Though Powell had boats custom-made for the 　6　, they were heavy. He recruited men who knew how to 　7　 in the wilderness but had never navigated(横越) a river. He packed so much food that it 　8　 sank the boats from the start.  Much of the journey was spent 　9　 boats damaged while portaging around rapids and carving new oars out of driftwood. Food was lost or spoiled, game was scarce, and Powell went inland to 　10　 with the Indians for food. The expedition spent days in 　11　 water and 46-degree heat. Three men deserted the cause along the way. The crew slept on boulders(巨石)and 　12　 wet clothing the next morning. And most of the time, they had no idea what lay ahead. But at the end of the arduous(艰难的)journey, they had successfully 　13　 the challenges and mapped a wilderness previously labeled as “territory unknown”. As the West expanded, Powell's maps would be 　14　.  Beauty is in the living of life, in looking beyond the challenges to the 　15　 of the small moments we achieve—sometimes against all odds.  1.A.leg　　B.arm C.ear　　D.finger 2.A.explorers　　B.soldiers C.heroes　　D.boatmen 3.A.merciful　　B.greedy C.experienced　　D.honest 4.A.Still　　B.Otherwise C.Thus　　D.And 5.A.remote　　B.quiet C.unknown　　D.vast 6.A.tour　　B.journey C.strait　　D.fleet 7.A.live　　B.hunt C.hide　　D.survive 8.A.nearly　　B.already C.mostly　　D.never 9.A.making　　B.handling C.rowing　　D.repairing 10.A.talk　　B.discuss C.fight　　D.negotiate 11.A.shallow　　B.freezing C.violent　　D.polluted 12.A.pulled in　　B.pulled up C.pulled on　　D.pulled at 13.A.adapted to　　B.stuck to C.saw to　　D.got to 14.A.reliable　　B.priceless C.measurable　　D.considerable 15.A.strength　　B.attempt C.position　　D.wonder 答案与分层梯度式解析 Part 2　Learning About Language & Using Language 基础过关练 Ⅰ.1.mixture　考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词a和空后的介词of判断此处应该填名词mixture。句意:我们怀着惊恐交加的心情收听了这则难以置信的新闻。 2.applause　考查名词。句中“cheers and 　　　”为并列结构,需用名词与cheers(欢呼声)对应;applaud的名词形式为applause(掌声),为不可数名词。故填applause。句意:当戴维艰难地跨过终点线时,现场人群爆发出如雷的欢呼声和掌声。  3.professional　考查形容词。此处作定语,修饰名词cooks(厨师),故填形容词professional,意为“职业的,专业的”。句意:这个平台不仅面向专业的厨师,也面向那些愿意探索新体验的人。 知识拓展　　cook除了用作动词,意为“烹饪”,还可以用作名词,意为“厨师”。而cooker虽然以“-er”结尾,却不表示人,而表示“厨灶,炉具”。 4.manned　考查形容词。manned spacecraft意为“载人航天器”。故填形容词manned。 5.extension　考查名词。根据前面的冠词an和后面的介词of可知此处应用名词,故填extension。句意:从某种意义上说,许多父母把他们的孩子看作他们自身的延伸。 6.coverage　考查名词。句意:全球定位系统最吸引人的点是它在地球上达到了近100%的覆盖。设空处表示“覆盖范围”,故填名词coverage。 Ⅱ.1.for me to be chosen　2.to take effective measures to reduce　3.to have been admitted to/into　4.aims to help students develop　5.was astonished/surprised to see 6.only to be told　7.joint effort(s) to reduce　8.to have a full life;to learn and grow　9.aren't completely to blame　10.Meanwhile;found it vital to bond 能力提升练 Ⅰ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明海底测绘在海洋探索中的重要性、海底测绘的进展与局限及人类对海洋物种认知的不足。 【高频词汇】　1.approximately adv.大约　2.in detail详细地　3.identify vt.识别;发现　4.interact with与……互动;与……相互作用　5.a great deal大量;许多 6.illustrate vt.说明;阐明　7.significance n.重要性 【熟词生义】　1.map 熟义:n.地图　生义:vt.绘制……的地图　2.picture 熟义:n.图像;图画　生义:n.情况;局面 【差距词汇】　geographical adj.地理的 长难句While the entire seafloor has been mapped using data, these data provide only a general   译文:尽管整个海底的地图已使用卫星收集的数据完成测绘,但这些数据只能呈现出海底的大致情况。 1.B　细节理解题。第二段提到,海底测绘能让人们了解海底可能存在什么,并为确定探索区域提供决策依据,且利用卫星数据绘制的海底地图仅提供海底的大致情况,一些重要的地理特征(如海底山)和物体(如沉船)仍不能被看见。而第三段提到部分海底已通过现代高分辨率技术完成测绘,能够更细致地展现海底状况(can reveal the seafloor in greater detail)。所以海底测绘的重要性在于提供海底更详细的信息,为探索奠定基础。故选B。 2.A　推理判断题。第三段第二、三句提到,美国54%的海底已按现代标准完成测绘,但美国的海底面积比所有50个州的陆地面积都要大,隐含的意思是:即便如此,仍有大量高分辨率测绘工作待完成。A项“强调更进一步的海底测绘任务”符合语境,通过美国案例说明“虽有进展,但任务仍艰巨”的现状。故选A。 易错归因　　本题容易误选D项,第三段作者的逻辑是:即使美国海底的测绘程度(54%)高于全球水平(26.1%),但由于其海底面积巨大,剩余未测绘的部分仍然很多。最终落脚点是“仍有大量工作要做”,即强调“进一步的测绘任务”。而本段并未讨论“海底测绘为什么重要”。 3.C　细节理解题。第四段第二句中的“Seafloor maps can provide information about potential habitats”指出海底地图可提供海洋物种可能的栖息地的信息。C项“海洋物种的家园”中的homes与habitats对应。故选C。 4.D　主旨大意题。全文围绕海底测绘的进展与局限、人类对海洋物种认知的不足展开,核心问题是海洋探索的程度如何。文章通过提供数据、事实和科学估计来支持观点,并强调了继续探索和研究海洋的必要性。D项“海洋已被探索了多少?”涵盖“测绘比例”“物种发现”这两个核心内容,符合主旨。故选D。 易错归因　　本题容易误选C项。全文围绕“海洋探索”展开,主要说明了海底测绘的意义、现状和人类对海洋生物的认知不足。文章关键词是 “exploration(探索)”“mapping(测绘)”“discovery(发现)”,强调的是对海洋的认知和了解,而非“开发(exploit)”。故C项“为什么开发海洋很重要?”不符合文章主旨。 Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了波浪发电的优势、缺点以及发展前景。 【高频词汇】　1.appealing adj.吸引人的　2.renewable adj.可再生的　3.by comparison比较起来　4.have access to可使用;可接近;可进入　5.interrupt vt.使中断,使暂停 6.calculate v.计算　7.enormous adj.巨大的 【差距词汇】　1.turbine n.汽轮机,涡轮机 2.kinetic energy 动能　3.erosion n.侵蚀,腐蚀 长难句However, the industryneedsmore funding and research  to finalize the technologies) source list.  译文:然而,该行业需要更多的资金和研究来最终确定所涉及的技术,以便各国能够开始在它们的可再生能源清单中加上波浪能。 1.D　细节句。根据上文“The advantages of wave power are clear.(波浪能的优势显而易见。)”可知,D选项“波浪能在产生时不会释放温室气体”承接上文,具体说明波浪能的环保优势,符合语境,故选D。 2.G　细节句。 上文谈到,波浪发电还有很大的潜力,因为许多国家都能利用海洋为它们的电力系统提供动力。而且,波浪几乎不会中断,几乎总是在运动。G项“这使得波浪能发的电成为一种更可靠的能源”承接上文,说明其结果,符合语境。故选G。 3.E　细节句。设空处上文谈到波浪能的缺点也令人担心。直接在海滩上建造工厂或架电线可能具有挑战性。下文谈到当地的捕鱼区可能会受到影响或者工厂会导致更多的海岸侵蚀。上下文都是在讲波浪发电的不利方面,E项“它们会对海洋生物和周围的生态系统造成损害”与上下文意思一致,都是在讲波浪能的不利方面。故选E。 4.F　细节句。上文谈到,高昂的成本也是一个问题,波浪能是一项处于发展早期阶段的新兴能源技术,因此计算成本是困难的。下文讲了由于不断的运转会导致更多的损坏,波浪能工厂很可能需要定期和昂贵的维护。F项“在流动的盐水中的工厂的维护成本非常高”与上下文都是成本方面的问题,符合语境,故选F。 易错归因　　本题容易误选B项,因为B项也与成本有关。B项主要有两个问题:一是代词They的指代无处落地;二是“很多国家支付不起”与前面的“计算成本是困难的”也是矛盾的,既然不好计算成本,何谈支付不起呢? 5.C　主旨句。 设空处位于段首,后文谈到波浪能在全球范围内具有巨大的潜力,但各个国家能够使用波浪能还有赖于这个行业需要做的一些工作。故C项“尽管存在挑战,但波浪能还是有未来的”能够统领下文,符合语境,故选C。 Ⅲ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了1869年5月,失去右臂的前联邦军少校约翰·威斯利·鲍威尔率领10名队员,乘坐四艘满载10个月补给的重型木船进行探险的故事。尽管面临重重困难,如急流、船只破损、食物短缺等,他们仍坚持完成了探险,成功绘制了此前未知的区域的地图。 【高频词汇】　1.supplies n.补给,补给品　2.expedition n.探险(队)　3.carve v.雕刻　4.previously adv.以前地,先前地 【熟词生义】　1.major 熟义:adj.主要的　生义:n.少校 2.game 熟义:n.游戏;比赛　生义:n.野禽,野味;猎物 3.desert 熟义:n.沙漠　生义:vt.遗弃;背弃 4.cause 熟义:n.原因　生义:n.事业 【差距词汇】　1.rapids n.急流　2.custom-made adj.定制的　3.recruit v.招募;吸收(新成员)　4.portage v.陆路搬运　5.oar n.桨　6.driftwood n.漂流木 1.B　根据第二段中的“The one-armed captain”可知,鲍威尔只有一条胳膊,所以这里指失去了大部分右臂(arm)。故选B项。 2.A　根据第三段中“He recruited men who knew how to 　7　 in the wilderness”及第四段中的“expedition(探险队)”可推知,鲍威尔一行人要完成的是一次探险,故招募的人是懂得如何在荒野中生存的探险者(explorers)。故选A项。  易错归因　　本题易误选D项,原因是第二段提到了“None of the men were 　3　 boatmen.”,但根据第三段的“He recruited men who knew how to 　7　 in the wilderness but had never navigated a river.”可排除D项。  3.C　根据第三段中“but had never navigated a river”可知,这些人不懂得如何横越河流,所以鲍威尔招募的不是有经验的(experienced)船员。故选C项。 4.A　上文陈述了鲍威尔的探险队面临的成员不专业、地图不完整的问题,下文“it was the grandest expedition since Lewis and Clark”却肯定其意义,并把这次探险与刘易斯和克拉克的探险相提并论,上下文有转折关系。副词still意为“但,不过”,符合语境。故选A项。 5.C　根据第四段的“The expedition spent days in 　11　 water”和“And most of the time, they had no idea what lay ahead.”可知,鲍威尔一行人的航行充满未知的(unknown)水流。故选C项。  6.B　根据第四段中“Much of the journey”和“the arduous journey”可知,用journey表示长途旅程,journey为原词复现。故选B项。 tour强调观光。 7.D　根据下文“but had never navigated a river”可推知,上下文是转折关系,这些人知道如何在荒野中生存下来(survive),但从未横越过河流。故选D项。 8.A　根据上文“He packed so much food”可知,鲍威尔带了如此多的食物,以至于险些(nearly)把船弄沉。故选A项。 9.D　根据下文的“boats damaged”可知,要修理(repairing)受损的船只。故选D项。 10.D　根据前文“Food was lost or spoiled, game was scarce”可知他们的食物丢失或变质了,也很少有野味可寻,所以下文“Powell went inland to 　10　 with the Indians for food”应是鲍威尔去内陆与印第安人协商(negotiate)获得食物。故选D项。  11.B　根据下文的“46-degree heat”和“Three men deserted the cause along the way.”可推知,句中描述的是探险队经历的极端环境,结合选项,freezing water“冰冷的水”可与热形成对比,符合语境。故选B项。 12.C　根据前文提到的船员在石头上睡觉可推断第二天早上应穿上(pulled on)衣服。故选C项。pull in吸引;pull up(使车)停下;pull at抓住并不断拉扯。 13.A　根据上文的“successfully”可推知,他们最终成功适应了(adapted to)面临的种种挑战。故选A项。stick to坚持;see to照料;get to到达。 14.B　根据上文“mapped a wilderness previously labeled as ‘territory unknown’”可知,鲍威尔绘制了此前未知的区域的地图,所以他的地图将是无价(priceless)之宝。故选B项。 15.D　句意:美丽在于生命的存在,在于超越挑战,去发现我们所实现的微小时刻的奇迹——有时会凶多吉少。设空处位于文中最后一句,对全文进行升华。根据语境可知应选D项。 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $