Unit 3 Sea Exploration Learning About Language 复习动词不定式 课件 -2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

XB4U3. Grammar Review of the infinitive 复习不定式 1 At the end of the class, you will be able to: summarize and apply the infinitives in specific context. reinforce the rules of infinitives through various exercises. use the infinitive verb correctly and appropriately. Learning Objectives 2 不定式的形式 主动形式 被动形式 时间特征 一般式 不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生 eg: I am eager to see you again. 进行式 / 不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生 eg: They are said to be studying psychology. 完成式 不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前 eg: He is said to have translated the book into English. to do to be done to have been done to be doing to have done 否定形式：not/never to do 1. I plan (attend) the meeting tomorrow. 2. He seems (think) deeply, without noticing me overpassing him. 3. She pretended (read) the book when her teacher asked about it, even though she had only glanced at the cover. 4. The airport_________________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 5. He claimed (treat) in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday. Exercise to attend to be thinking to have read to have been badly treated to be completed 不定式的 句法功能 1. To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations. 2. Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east. 3. Merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals. 4. To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today. 5. The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas. 主语 宾语补足语 状语 主语 表语 Read the following sentences and analyze what functions the colored part serves as in each sentence. 6. This will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange. 7. There are still many other places left to explore. 8. China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic. 9. There is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects. 10. The need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future. 宾语 定语 状语 定语 定语；定语 1.作定语（attribute) 6.作表语(predicative) 2.作状语(adverbial) 动词不定式 4.作宾补(object complement) 5.作主语（subject) 3.作宾语（object) to do 做定语 1. 抽象名词后（ability, ambition, attempt, chance, courage, desire, decision等） 2. 序数词、形容词最高级和the last/the only/the next等后或被这些词修饰的名词后 5. 用在 have … to do 和 there be 中 4. 当定语表示未来的还没做的动作时 位置: 3. 代词one和不定代词后(nothing，something等) 用法: 逻辑主语: 放在被修饰名词或代词后面 所修饰的名词或代词 目的状语: 原因状语: 结果状语: sb＋be＋adj. ＋to do ...(表情绪或心理活动的adj) to do, in order to do, so as to do （不放句首 ） 1. enough to do， 2. too...to do...， 3. so/such... as to do 4. only/never to do 1. 不定式only to do与doing作结果状语的区别： only to do: 意想不到的结果 v-ing: 顺理成章的结果 2.“主语 + be + 形容词 + to do” 不定式的主动形式表被动意义。用于此结构的形容词 有：easy, difficult, important, nice, pleasant, hard 等； 且不定式和句子的主语是动宾关系。 to do 做状语 位置： 用法： 较灵活，句首，句中，句末 注意 事项 1. 当主语是方法与建议、目标与计划、 梦想与愿望、职责的名词时 2. 以What引导的主语从句 eg: What he wants is to solve the problem. 3. 主语包含定语从句且先行词为代词all 或主语被only, first, one, least , 最高级修饰 eg: All he wanted was to be left alone. 位置 功能 用法 注意事项 位于系动词后 说明或解释主语的内容 to do和v-ing作表语的区别： to do: 一次性、具体的 、将要发生的动作 doing: 习惯性、抽象的 、经常发生的动作 eg: The man’s job is painting walls. Her dream is to be an artist. to do 做表语 1. 位于句首，在谓语之前。（谓单） 2. It 作形式主语, 真主不定式后置 1. 疑问词+to do 构成不定式短语，作主语 It takes/costs/requires/ makes sb/sth...to do sth It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth. It is + n. + (for sb.) to do sth. 位置: To err is human. 注意事项 to do 做主语 2. to do和 v-ing作主语的区别： to do: 一次性、具体的 、将要发生的动作 doing: 习惯性、抽象的 、经常发生的动作 Where to hold the meeting is still unknown. 1. 位于谓语之后。 2. It 作形式宾语, 真宾不定式后置 1. 疑问词+to do 构成不定式短语，作宾语 主语 + find / think / feel / make / consider / believe +it + adj / n + to do sth 位置: I don’t expect to meet you here. 注意事项 to do 做宾语 2. 熟记 to do和 v-ing作宾语的固搭 Have you decided what to do next? （熟记固搭：常用to do作宾语的动词 口诀：P创新52） 位于宾语之后。 位置: to do 做宾补 用法: 1. 命令、教导、要求、意向、允许、警告等意义的动词后可接动词不定式作宾语补足语 ask / tell / invite / advise / allow / order / encourage / expect / force / wish / beg sb to do sth 2. 表示意见、认可、判断、料想、声明等意义的 动词后的宾语补足语常是“to be”形式 believe / consider / declare / find / prove / suppose / think sb/sth to be... 1）动词 + 宾语（sb./sth.) + to do sth. 2）动词+宾语+不带to的不定式 一感二听三让四看半帮助，主动不to 被动to 3）with/without+宾语+宾补 动词+宾语+不带to的不定式 感官动词 使役动词 一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 四看：see, notice, watch, observe 三让：let, make, have ◆但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原： They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree. The boy was seen _______ suddenly from the tree. + sb do sth （不带to） to fall 半帮助：help 不定式 主动表被动 主动形式表被动意义的不定式 ! 01 1.主语＋be + adj.+ to do 能用于此句型的形容词有：difficult , easy, comfortable, fit, hard, pleasant, nice, good, interesting, heavy, dangerous, etc. ★ The question is very easy to answer. ★ The morning air is so good to breathe. 02 03 2. 动词不定式与疑问代词连用时 For a period of time，as a young athlete，I didn’t know what to do. 3. be to blame The driver was to blame for this car accident happening last night. 04 05 4. too...to... 太...以至于... The box is too heavy for the little boy to lift. 5. there be 句型 动词不定式用主动式或被动式均可，一般用主动形式表示被动意义 There is nothing to worry/to be worried about. 不定式的 练习检测 1.He asked each villager that received the machine _________ (use) it and train an inheritor (继承者) of the local weaving technique. (2024·山东烟台一模) 2.Today in Weifang，there are virtually no limitations on the shapes or sizes of kites，which can be made ________________ (represent) people’s ideals and desires. (2024·湖北5月省考) 3.I feel I have a new mission ____________ (shoulder)，even after China wins its battle to reduce poverty.(2024·山东烟台二模) to use to represent to shoulder 创新P54 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 4.The ground floor tends ____________ (use) as storage space for firewood and farming equipment.(2024·湖南邵阳二模) 5.That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%，and she plans ____________ (continue) the practice.(2022·浙江1月卷) 6.A visually－challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an，as a first step ____________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.(2022·全国甲卷) 7.Mary’s sister，Frances Todd Wallace，often came over ____________ (plant) flowers in the front yard.(2021·浙江6月卷) to be used to continue to journey to plant 8.He convinced the police department __________ (allow) him ____________ (set) up a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.(天津7月卷) 9.They are said _________________ (study) psychology now. 10.The snow seemed ___________________ (blow) from the top of the mountain. to allow to set to be studying to have been blown Far out in the ocean, where the water is as clear as glass, lives the Sea King, The ocean is too deep ___________ (measure). We may imagine there is nothing except yellow sand under the sea, but actually it is not rare _______ (see) the most unique flowers and plants __________ (dance) in the fast-moving water. In the deepest spot of all stands the Sea King’s castle, which has walls of coral and a roof _________ (form) of beautiful shells. The mother of the king, a wise woman who is proud _____________ (be) born into the royal family, takes care of his six daughters. Among the six sea-princesses, the youngest is the prettiest. Read the beginning of The Little Mermaid and use the proper forms of the verbs in brackets to fill in the blanks. What do you think happens next? to measure to see dancing formed to have been 教材P29 E3 Although she has delicate skin like a rose-leaf and eyes as blue as the deepest sea, she has no feet but a fish tail just like her sisters. The most common way for the princesses ________ (play) all day long is _________________ (swim) in the halls of the castle or among the flowers growing out of the walls, feeding and touching the fish ____________ (swim) up to their hands through the windows. They seem _________________ (not worry) about anything, except for the youngest, who .. to play to swim/swimming swimming not to worry $$