UNIT 10 LESSON 1 HOW CLOSELY CONNECTED ARE WE（同步练习）-【学而思·PPT课件分层练习】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版）

Part 2　LESSON 1 HOW CLOSELY CONNECTED ARE WE? 基础过关练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.(2025浙江杭州学军中学期末)The 　　　　(理论) of relativity, proposed by Einstein, has greatly influenced the development of modern physics.  2.The distribution center where he works receives thousands of 　　　　(包裹) every day.   3.(2024新课标Ⅰ)It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic 　　　　(习语).  4.(2025新课标Ⅱ)Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply 　　　　(链) industries.   Ⅱ.选词填空(其中有一项多余) sort out; no more than; refer to; in the middle of; be based on 1.When we were 　　　　　　 the lake, a strong wind came all of a sudden.  2.For more information, please 　　　　　　 our website.  3.(2025安徽省淮北市第一中学期末)The movie 　　　　　　 a true story that happened in the 19th century.  4.(2024山东菏泽期中)Basically, the article can be summarized in three sentences, 　　　　　　 60 words.   Ⅲ.单句语法填空 1.Researchers selected 60 adults and 　　　　　(random) split them into three groups of 20.   2.You'll have to play better than that if you really want to make an 　　　　　(impress) on us.  3.The sales figures won't　　　　　(release) until sometime next month.  4.(2025新课标Ⅰ)One evening, I picked up the phone and left him a voice message, apologizing 　　　　　 my behavior and asking if we could meet.  Ⅳ.单元语法专练 1.(2025八省联考改编)Participants—72 healthy male and female adults—　　　　　(ask) to perform a computer test that challenged their visual and spatial learning.  2.My house 　　　　　(decorate) when you visited Beijing last time, so I didn't invite you to my home.  3.I remember well that the witness 　　　　　(question) by a journalist at that time.  4.When they came out of the mall, they discovered that their new car 　　　　　 (steal).   5.This was the second time international sporting events 　　　　　(broadcast) live in this remote mountain village.   6.The thief 　　　　　(trap) in the river for five hours, so he looked pale and exhausted.   7.He was told that the secret document 　　　　　 (transport) to safety.  Ⅴ.完成句子 1.直到那时,大多数人才意识到正常的生活是多么宝贵。(强调句型) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 most people realized how valuable the normal life was.   2.My left foot is seriously injured, so I can't go with you as planned.(句式升级;with的复合结构) →　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, I can't go with you as planned.   能力提升练 Ⅰ.课文语法填空 　　“Six Degrees of Separation” refers to the theory that any person on Earth can 　1　(connect) to any other person through a chain of no more 　2　 five other people. Up to now, it has experienced some stages that are as follows:   In　3　 1950s, two scientists attempted 　4　(prove) the theory mathematically, but failed. In 1967, Stanley Milgram tried using a new method to test the theory, 　5　(call) it the “small-world problem”. In 2001, Columbia University tried to recreate Milgram's experiment on the Internet 　6　(know) as the “Columbia Small-world Project”. In 2011, an experiment at the University of Milan 　7　(analyse) the relationship between 721 million social media 　8　(user) and found that 92 percent were connected by only four stages, or five degrees of separation.  Above all, think about it for a minute: How might you be connected to the driver of the bus you 　9　(regular) take or the person 　10　 delivers your parcels?  1.　　　　　　2.　　　　　　3.　　　　　　4.　　　　　　5.　　　　　  6.　　　　　　7.　　　　　　8.　　　　　　9.　　　　　　10.　　　　　  Ⅱ.语法填空 (2025江苏连云港期中) Youth volunteers make a difference Students of a Nanjing senior high school brought joy to 　1　 elderly and brightened up their day by volunteering at a local nursing home last weekend. The nursing home, located on a housing estate(住宅区), has more than 150 senior citizens, some of 　2　 are over 90 years old.  Though it was the first time many of the students　3　(take) part in a volunteer program like this, they were eager 　4　(share) various interesting topics with the residents, such as how to use mobile phones and the network. After lunch the residents and the young volunteers amused 　5　(them) with varieties of interesting art 　6　(activity) which included Chinese paintings and calligraphy. They enjoyed each other's company so much that Su Ming, 16, said he hoped to return to the nursing home 　7　(regular) to spend time with 　8　 seniors that he made friends with.  Wang Hong, the program organizer, said, “I　9　(be) concerned that the students and the senior residents wouldn't get along easily, but it turned out to be the exact opposite. I can say that today's activities have been 　10　(influence) in the lives of the residents as well as the students.”  1.　　　　　2.　　　　　3.　　　　　4.　　　　　5.　　　　  6.　　　　　7.　　　　　8.　　　　　9.　　　　　10.　　　　  Ⅲ.阅读理解 A (2024湖南天壹名校联盟联考) For 85 years, the Harvard Study of Adult Development has tracked an original group of 724 men and more than 1,300 of their male and female descendants(后代) over three generations, asking thousands of questions and taking hundreds of measurements to find out what really keeps people healthy and happy. Through all the years of studying these lives, one crucial factor stands out for the consistency and power of its bond to physical health, mental health and longevity: good relationships. In 2008, researchers telephoned the wives and husbands of Harvard Study couples in their 80s every night for eight nights. Researchers spoke to each partner separately and asked them a chain of questions about their days. On days when these men and women spent more time in the company of others, they were happier. Like most older people, those in the Harvard Study experienced day-to-day rises and falls in their levels of physical pain and health difficulties. But researchers found that the people who were in more satisfying relationships were cushioned(缓冲) somewhat from these ups and downs of the mood—their happiness did not decline as much on the days when they had more pain. Put simply, their happy marriages seemed to have a protective effect. Elizabeth Gillespie, a therapist of couples, stated that although most of us found that our experience of relationships might be hard, and at times, impossible, it is essential to our well-being. Today we live in much more complicated environments, so meeting our social needs presents different challenges. We might be sitting on a gold mine of vitality that we are not paying attention to, because it is hidden by the shiny appeal of smartphones or pushed to the side by work demands. 1.What's the purpose of the Harvard Study of Adult Development? A.To study their lives over three generations. B.To reveal the secret of health and well-being. C.To track the descendants of an original group. D.To study the relationship between health and happiness. 2.How did the researchers carry out the study? A.By working with other researchers. B.By tracking specific groups of people. C.By helping participants with social difficulties. D.By comparing the results from different people. 3.Why did the author mention the examples in Paragraph 4? A.To prove the bond between health and longevity. B.To introduce the concept of physical pain and health difficulties. C.To show the unhappy marriages' negative impact on elders' mood. D.To support the satisfying relationships' positive impact on people's lives. 4.According to Elizabeth Gillespie, what is essential to our well-being? A.Having good social connections. B.Decreasing pains and difficulties. C.Overcoming ups and downs of the mood. D.Experiencing rises and falls of physical health. B (2025山东济南开学考试) Are you an open book, your face broadcasting every passing emotion, or more of a poker face, not showing what you are feeling? Scientists at Nottingham Trent University (NTU) say that wearing your heart on your face could actually give you a significant social advantage. 　　The study, led by Eithne Kavanagh, a research fellow at NTU's School of Social Sciences, involving over 1,300 participants, noticed striking variations in how much people moved their faces during conversations. Importantly, this expressiveness emerged as a stable individual quality. People displayed similar levels of facial expressiveness across different contexts, with different social partners, and even over time periods up to four months. 　　The researchers say that facial expressiveness is linked to personality, with more agreeable individuals displaying more lively faces. Facial expressiveness can also translate into concrete social benefits. In a negotiation task, more expressive individuals are more likely to secure a larger slice of a reward. The researchers suggest that for agreeable folks, dynamic facial expressions may serve as a tool for building good relationship and smoothing over conflicts. Across the board, the results point to facial expressiveness serving an “affiliative(亲和的) function”, or a social glue that develops liking and smoother interactions. 　　Expressiveness is also linked to being seen as more “readable”, suggesting that a lively face makes one's intentions and mental states easier for others to decipher. Beyond the frequency of facial movements, people who employ facial expressions more strategically to suit social goals, such as looking friendly in a greeting, are also more well-liked. 　　The findings challenge the “poker face” common belief that a still and unemotional appearance is always most advantageous. Instead, they suggest that for most people, allowing one's face to mirror inner states and intentions can invite warmer reactions. As the researchers conclude, “Being facially expressive is socially advantageous.” So, next time you catch yourself making lines on your forehead, or flashing a smile, you know that your face just might be working overtime on your behalf. 5.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about concerning the study? A.Its impact.　　　 B.Its findings.　　　 C.Its limitations.　　　D.Its significance. 6.What can facial expressiveness serve as in negotiation settings? A.A way to frighten competitors. B.A method of hiding personalities. C.A tool for showing personal quality. D.A strategy to settle disagreement. 7.What does the underlined word “decipher” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A.Copy.　　　B.Overlook.　　　C.Interpret.　　　D.Remember. 8.What will the author advise based on the findings of the study? A.Always wearing a still face. B.Learning to be an open book. C.Speaking out inner emotions. D.Forcing a smile through tears. 答案与分层梯度式解析 Part 2　LESSON 1 HOW CLOSELY CONNECTED ARE WE? 基础过关练 Ⅰ.1.theory　2.parcels　3.phrases　4.chain Ⅱ.1.in the middle of　2.refer to　3.is based on　4.no more than Ⅲ.1.randomly　考查副词。设空处修饰动词split,应用副词作状语,故填randomly。句意:研究人员选取了60名成年人,把他们随机分成3组,每组20人。 2.impression　考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词an可知,设空处用名词,make an impression on sb.意为“给某人留下印象”。句意:如果你真的想给我们留下好印象,你就得弹得比那更好。 3.be released　考查被动语态。句子主语The sales figures与所给提示词release之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;且空前为won't,故填be released。句意:销售数据要到下个月的某个时候才会公布。 4.for　考查介词。apologize for sth.表示“为某事道歉”,故填for。句意:一天晚上,我拿起电话给他留了一条语音留言,为我的行为道歉,并询问我们是否可以见面。 Ⅳ.1.were asked　考查一般过去时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意:参与者——72 名健康的成年男女——被要求进行一项电脑测试,该测试考验他们的视觉和空间学习能力。根据语境和challenged可知,此处叙述的是过去的事情,ask在此处表示“要求”,与句子的主语Participants(复数)之间为被动关系,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were asked。 2.was being decorated　考查过去进行时的被动语态及主谓一致。句意:上次你游览北京的时候我的房子正在装修,所以我没有邀请你来我家。根据从句“when you visited Beijing last time”和语境可知此处应用过去进行时,表示过去某个时间正在发生的事,且主语My house与decorate之间为被动关系,所以用过去进行时的被动语态。主语为第三人称单数形式,故填was being decorated。 3.was being questioned　考查过去进行时的被动语态及主谓一致。句意:我清楚地记得那个证人当时正被一名新闻记者询问。根据时间状语“at that time”可知此处表示在过去某个时刻正在发生的动作,应用过去进行时,且the witness与question之间为被动关系,应用过去进行时的被动语态。从句主语the witness为第三人称单数形式,故填was being questioned。 4.had been stolen　考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意:当他们从商场出来的时候,他们发现他们的新车已经被偷了。分析句子可知,设空处在that引导的宾语从句中作谓语,宾语从句的主语为their new car,与steal之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;结合主句的时态及句意可知,steal表示的动作发生在discovered表示的动作之前,表示过去的过去,应用过去完成时。故填had been stolen。 5.had been broadcast　考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意:这是国际体育赛事第二次在这个偏远的山村进行现场直播。固定句型This was the second time that...意为“这是第二次……”,that从句应用过去完成时,that可以省略;international sporting events与broadcast之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填had been broadcast。 6.had been trapped　考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意:这个小偷被困在河里五个小时了,所以他看起来苍白而疲惫。根据句子结构可知,so为并列连词,连接两个并列分句,so前的分句为简单句,缺谓语,则设空处为谓语。主语The thief与trap之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;根据时间状语“for five hours”及“he looked pale and exhausted”可知,looked表示的动作发生在过去,设空处表示的动作发生在looked表示的动作之前,应用过去完成时。故填had been trapped。 7.had been transported　考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意:他被告知秘密文件已被运到安全的地方。主句时态为一般过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词表示的动作先于主句的谓语动词表示的动作发生,故从句应用过去完成时;且从句主语the secret document与所给提示词transport之间为被动关系,故应用过去完成时的被动语态。 Ⅴ.1.It was not until then that　2.With my left foot seriously injured 能力提升练 Ⅰ.1.be connected　考查被动语态。分析句子结构可知,从句主语any person on Earth与所给提示词connect之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;空格处位于情态动词can之后,应用动词原形。故填 be connected。 2.than　考查介词。no more than意为“仅仅,只不过”,符合语境。故填than。 3.the　考查冠词。in the 1950s表示“在20世纪50年代”,为固定用法。故填the。 4.to prove　考查动词不定式。attempt后常接动词不定式作宾语,attempt to do sth.意为“试图做某事”。故填to prove。 5.calling　考查现在分词。句中已有谓语tried,空格处应用非谓语动词;句子主语Stanley Milgram与call之间为逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词。故填calling。 6.known　考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词,所以此处应用非谓语动词;空格处和后面的as the...一起作后置定语,修饰名词短语Milgram's experiment,且与该名词短语之间为被动关系,应用过去分词。故填known。 7.analysed　考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,and连接两个并列的谓语部分,空格处为前一部分的谓语,根据前面的时间状语In 2011和后一部分的谓语动词found可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填analysed。 8.users　考查名词复数。根据空前的721 million可知,空格处应用名词复数。故填users。 9.regularly　考查副词。空格处修饰动词take,应用副词作状语。故填regularly。 10.who/that　考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,修饰先行词the person,从句缺少主语且先行词指人,应用关系代词who或that引导定语从句。故填who或that。 Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了南京一所高中的学生在当地一家养老院做志愿者,给老人带来欢乐的故事。 【高频词汇】　1.volunteer n.志愿者 v.自愿做　2.brighten up 使增添乐趣;使高兴;使变亮　3.various adj.各种各样的　4.turn out 结果是　5.opposite n.相反;对立的人或物 长难句 原句　Though it was the first time many of the students had taken part in a volunteer program like this, they were eager to share various interesting topics with the residents, such as how to use mobile phones and the network. 分析　本句为主从复合句。Though引导让步状语从句;“how to use...”为“疑问词+不定式”结构。 译文　虽然很多学生是第一次参加像这样的志愿者项目,但他们渴望与居民分享各种有趣的话题,比如如何使用手机和网络。 1.the　考查冠词。句意:上周末,南京一所高中的学生在当地一家养老院做志愿者,给老人们带来了欢乐,使他们一天心情愉快。分析句子成分并结合句意可知,此处指“老年人”,空格处和后面的形容词elderly一起作介词to的宾语,“the+形容词”表示一类人。故填the。 2.whom　考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知,“some of 　　　”引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词senior citizens,先行词指人,空格处作介词of的宾语,应用关系代词whom。some of whom在定语从句中作主语。故填whom。  3.had taken　考查动词的时态。It was the first time (that)...为固定句型,that从句常用过去完成时。故填had taken。 4.to share　考查动词不定式。be eager to do sth.意为“渴望做某事”,为固定结构。故填to share。 5.themselves　考查代词。空格处作动词amused的宾语,指代the residents and the young volunteers,表示“他们自己”,应用反身代词。故填themselves。 6.activities　考查名词复数。空格处作介词with的宾语,应用名词;根据空前的varieties of和空后的Chinese paintings and calligraphy可知,表示的活动不止一种,空格处应用名词复数。故填activities。 7.regularly　考查副词。设空处修饰动词return,应用副词。故填regularly。 8.the　考查冠词。此处特指“他交的这些老年朋友”,应用定冠词the。故填the。 9.was　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境和后面的wouldn't和turned可知,此处描述过去的情况,应用一般过去时;主语为 I,故填was。 10.influential　考查形容词。分析句子成分可知,空格处作表语,应用形容词;be influential in 意为“在……方面有影响”。故填influential。 Ⅲ.A ◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。哈佛大学成人发展研究项目表明良好的人际关系对身心健康至关重要。 【高频词汇】　1.development n.发展;成长　2.original adj.原来的,起初的;独创的;原作的 n.原件,原稿　3.stand out突出　4.separately adv.分别地;分离地　5.in the company of和……在一起　6.demand n.要求 【差距词汇】　1.consistency n.连贯性,一致性　2.longevity n.长寿　3.vitality n.生命力,活力 长难句 原句　We might be sitting on a gold mine of vitality that we are not paying attention to, because it is hidden by the shiny appeal of smartphones or pushed to the side by work demands. 分析　本句为主从复合句。that引导定语从句,修饰先行词a gold mine of vitality;because引导原因状语从句。 译文　我们可能正坐在一座我们一直没有注意的有活力的金矿上,因为它被智能手机闪亮的吸引力遮住了,或者被工作需求推到一边。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“to find out what really keeps people healthy and happy”可知,哈佛大学成人发展研究项目的目的是揭示健康和幸福的秘诀。故选B。 2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“researchers telephoned the wives and husbands of Harvard Study couples in their 80s”可知,研究者通过追踪特定群体来实施研究。故选B。 3.D　推理判断题。第二段提到良好的人际关系是影响身体健康、精神健康和长寿的一个重要因素,第四段是对第二段主题的具体例证,作者通过研究来展示满意关系如何改善人们的生活,尤其是在面对健康挑战时能起到保护作用。选项D准确捕捉了这一目的,因为例子直接证明了满意关系能缓冲负面情绪,提升幸福感。故选D。 4.A　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“although most of us found that our experience of relationships might be hard, and at times, impossible, it is essential to our well-being”可知,Elizabeth Gillespie 认为拥有好的社交关系对健康至关重要。故选A。 B ◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明,丰富的面部表情在社交中具有显著优势:促进关系建立和顺畅交流。 【高频词汇】　1.smooth over调解;缓和　2.conflict n.冲突;矛盾　3.strategically adv.战略性地;策略上地　4.challenge v.向……挑战;质疑　5.advantageous adj.有利的;有好处的　6.conclude v.推断出;得出结论 【熟词生义】　fellow 熟义:n.小伙子;同事　生义:n.研究生 【差距词汇】　1.expressiveness n.表现力　2.negotiation n.谈判;磋商　3.across the board全面;整体 5.B　主旨大意题。根据第二段“The study...noticed striking variations in how much people moved their faces during conversations...”可知,本段主要在讲这项研究的发现。故选B。 6.D　推理判断题。根据题干中的“negotiation”可定位至第三段。由第三段中的“In a negotiation task, more expressive individuals are more likely to secure a larger slice of a reward...for agreeable folks, dynamic facial expressions may serve as a tool for building good relationship and smoothing over conflicts.”可推测,面部表情在谈判环境中能作为一种解决分歧的策略。故选D。 7.C　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“Expressiveness is also linked to being seen as more ‘readable’,”可知,丰富的表情更“可读”,即更容易被理解和解读,所以“一张生动的脸更容易被人解读意图和精神状态”。画线词decipher与interpret意思相近,意为“解读”。故选C。 8.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The findings challenge...Instead, they suggest that for most people, allowing one's face to mirror inner states and intentions can invite warmer reactions.”可知,对于大多数人来说,让自己的脸反映内心状态和意图可以招来更友好的反应;结合第一段中的“Are you an open book, your face broadcasting every passing emotion”可推测,作者建议我们要做一个易于了解的人,通过面部表情表达自己的情感和意图。故选B。 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 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