Unit 1 Career talks语法被动语态精讲&专项练习-2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册

外研八年级Unit 1 Career talks语法被动语态精讲&专项练习 一、语态概述 英语中有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。 • 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者 ——“把” 字句 • 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者 ——“被” 字句 例句： • He opened the door. → 他把门打开了。（主动语态） • The door was opened by him. → 这扇门被他打开了。（被动语态） 二、被动语态的时态及结构 被动语态基本结构：主语 + be 动词 + 过去分词 • 所有时态和数的变化都体现在 be 动词上 • 过去分词（done）保持不变 时态 / 情态 be 动词形式 过去分词 一般现在时 am/is/are done 一般过去时 was/were done 一般将来时 will/shall be done 现在进行时 am/is/are being done 过去进行时 was/were being done 现在完成时 has/have been done 过去完成时 had been done 过去将来时 would be done 情态动词 can/should/may/must be done 三、主动语态变被动语态的方法 以 We speak English. 为例： 1. 找主宾：找到主语（We）和宾语（English） 2. 换位置： ◦ 主变宾：主语变为宾语，前面加 by（by us） ◦ 宾变主：宾语变为新主语（English） 3. 动词变 be done： ◦ 时态：与主动句时态一致 ◦ 数：根据新主语确定 be 动词的单复数 4. 其他词不变：保留地点、时间等状语 例句： • 主动：They make the bikes in the factory. • 被动：The bikes are made by them in the factory. 四、高频考点 1. 时态保持一致 ◦ I repaired my computer. → My computer was repaired. 2. 动词短语的被动语态不能丢介词 / 副词 ◦ His best friend often looks after him. → He is often looked after by his best friend. 3. 感官 / 使役动词变被动，不定式要加 to ◦ 感官动词：hear, see, watch, notice ◦ 使役动词：make, let ◦ 例句：Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes. → He was made to wash the dishes. 4. 双宾语动词变被动，加 to/for ◦ 加 to：give, bring, pass, lend, write, show ◦ 加 for：buy, choose, get ◦ 例句：She gave me a book. → A book was given to me by her. 5. 主动形式表被动意义 ◦ ① 感官系动词（look, sound, taste, smell, feel）：The soup tastes delicious. ◦ ② 不及物动词（open, lock, write, read, sell, cut, drive）：The book sells well. ◦ ③ be worth doing：The book is worth reading. ◦ ④ want/need/require + doing = want/need/require + to be done：The room needs cleaning. 6. 常用被动句型 ◦ It is said that… 据说… ◦ It is reported that… 据报道… ◦ It is believed that… 人们相信… ◦ It is thought that… 大家认为… 英语被动语态专项测试卷 考点一：被动语态的基本结构与时态转换 一、单项选择题（每题 5 分，共 50 分） 1. A new hospital ______ in our hometown next year. A. builds B. is built C. will be built D. will build 2. Many books ______ to the children in the countryside every year. A. send B. are sent C. were sent D. are sending 3. The old building ______ down last week. A. is pulled B. was pulled C. pulls D. pulled 4. Look! The room ______ by the workers. A. is being cleaned B. cleans C. is cleaning D. was cleaned 5. The homework ______ before 6 o'clock yesterday. A. has been finished B. had been finished C. finished D. was finishing 6. This kind of machine ______ in China. A. makes B. is made C. made D. is making 7. The bridge ______ now. A. is being repaired B. repairs C. is repaired D. was repaired 8. The work ______ soon. A. will be finished B. finishes C. is finished D. will finish 9. The letter ______ by her for three days. A. has been kept B. keeps C. was kept D. is keeping 10. The car ______ by my father yesterday evening. A. washes B. is washed C. was washed D. washing 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空（每题 5 分，共 50 分） 1. The window ______ (clean) by me every morning. 2. The letter ______ (write) by her now. 3. The bridge ______ (build) last year. 4. The homework ______ (finish) before we go home. 5. Many trees ______ (plant) in our school every spring. 6. The book ______ (read) by many people since last year. 7. The room ______ (not clean) yesterday. 8. The problem ______ (solve) by us soon. 9. The flowers ______ (water) by my grandmother every day. 10. The work ______ (do) by them at that time. 考点二：主动语态变被动语态的规则 一、将下列主动语态句子改写为被动语态（每题 10 分，共 50 分） 1. We speak English in our school. 2. They produce cars in this factory. 3. She gave me a gift on my birthday. 4. He makes the boy clean the room. 5. People all over the world speak English. 二、将下列被动语态句子改写为主动语态（每题 10 分，共 50 分） 1. The bike is ridden by him every day. 2. The letter was sent by her to her friend. 3. The room is being cleaned by the students. 4. The work has been finished by them. 5. The tree was planted by my uncle. 考点三：特殊动词的被动语态 一、单项选择题（每题 6 分，共 60 分） 1. He was seen ______ basketball on the playground just now. A. play B. to play C. played D. playing 2. The boy was made ______ his homework first. A. do B. to do C. doing D. done 3. This kind of cloth ______ well. A. sells B. is sold C. sell D. selling 4. The book is worth ______. A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads 5. The room needs ______. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 6. We should take good care of the old people. The old people should ______ good care of. A. take B. be taken C. taken D. taking 7. I often hear her ______ in the next room. A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sung 8. They gave him a prize. He ______ a prize. A. gave B. was given C. is given D. gives 9. The soup ______ delicious. A. tastes B. is tasted C. tasting D. taste 10. The pen ______ smoothly. A. writes B. is written C. writing D. write 二、完成句子（每题 8 分，共 40 分） 1. 他经常被看到在图书馆看书。 He is often ______ ______ books in the library. 2. 这个房间需要打扫。 This room ______ ______. 3. 这本书值得一读。 This book ______ ______ ______. 4. 老人被好好照顾了。 The old man ______ ______ good care of. 5. 老师让我们抄写课文。 We ______ ______ ______ copy the text by the teacher. 考点四：被动语态的特殊句型与易错点 一、单项选择题（每题 7 分，共 70 分） 1. It is said that the famous singer ______ to our city next week. A. will invite B. will be invited C. invited D. is invited 2. It is believed that he ______ the exam. A. passes B. will pass C. was passed D. is passed 3. The bridge ______ in 1998. A. was built B. is built C. builds D. built 4. Many new buildings ______ in our city in the past ten years. A. have been built B. are built C. were built D. build 5. The problem ______ yet. A. hasn't solved B. hasn't been solved C. didn't solve D. wasn't solved 6. It is reported that a new park ______ next year. A. will open B. will be opened C. is opened D. opens 7. The window ______ by the boy yesterday. A. broke B. was broken C. breaks D. is broken 8. This machine ______ in China. A. makes B. is made C. made D. making 9. It is thought that he ______ a good student. A. is B. was C. be D. being 10. The letters ______ by the postman every morning. A. are delivered B. deliver C. delivered D. are delivering 二、句型转换（每题 15 分，共 30 分） 1. People speak English all over the world. （改为被动语态） English ______ ______ by people all over the world. 2. We will finish the work soon. （改为被动语态） The work ______ ______ ______ soon. 参考答案 考点一 一、1.C 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.A 9.A 10.C二、1.is cleaned 2.is being written 3.was built 4.will be finished 5.are planted 6.has been read 7.wasn't cleaned 8.will be solved 9.is watered 10.was being done 考点二 一、1.English is spoken in our school. 2.Cars are produced in this factory. 3.I was given a gift on my birthday (by her). 4.The boy is made to clean the room (by him). 5.English is spoken by people all over the world.二、1.He rides the bike every day. 2.She sent the letter to her friend. 3.The students are cleaning the room. 4.They have finished the work. 5.My uncle planted the tree. 考点三 一、1.B 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.A二、1.seen; to read 2.needs; cleaning 3.is; worth; reading 4.was; taken 5.were; made; to 考点四 一、1.B 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.A二、1.is; spoken 2.will; be; finished 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $