Unit 1 Lights, camera, action! Grammar and usage 主谓一致 课件和导学案 2023-2024学年高一英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第二册

Unit 1 Lights, camera, action! Grammar & Usage I Subject-verb Agreement（1） 1. 在后台，在幕后 2. 大量的艰辛工作 3. 给某人作简单介绍 4. 对…熟悉 5. 首先 6. 吸引某人的注意力于 7. 重视，认为…重要 8. 视觉特效 9. 把…和…分开 10. 使某人能够做 behind the scenes a huge amount of hard work give sb. a brief introduction to be familiar with to begin with draw one’s attention to attach great importance to visual special effects separate A from B enable sb. to do 11. 采用一个做…的方法 12. 导致 13. 努力去做 14. 大西洋 15. 更不用说 16. 恰当处理；公平对待 17. 冰山一角 18. 替…考虑 take an approach to contribute to make efforts to do the Atlantic Ocean not to mention do justice to the tip of the iceberg spare a thought for What is the movie about? What is the movie about? Please read the film introduction of part A on page 6 and answer the following questions. Whose book are the two films based on? What’s the biggest difference between the old film and the new one? Whose book are the two films based on? They are based on Rudyard Kipling’s book of the same title: The Jungle Book. 2. What’s the biggest difference between the old film and the new one? New film uses much more advanced technology—not only the animals but also the jungle is digitally created. Exploring the rules 　Everyone was surprised when Disney said its film team members were remaking The Jungle Book. Based on Rudyard Kipling's book of the same title, it describes the story of a boy named Mowgli. Mowgli and his animal friends live happily in the jungle until one day Shere Khan the tiger returns and tries to drive him out of the jungle. In 1967, Disney adapted the book into a cartoon film, which is widely regarded as a classic. However, its old age shows. The new film uses much more advanced technology—not only the animals but also the jungle is digitally created. Building the jungle environment on the computer was no easy job. It took more than 800 artists over a year to work on the project. The Jungle Book lasts for about two hours but there is enough tension and humour to hold your attention during the whole film. Two hours seems very short when you're having so much fun! Exploring the rules Go through the passage in Part A and finish the table. Subject + Singular verb Subject + Plural verb Everyone was its film team members were   　 Everyone was surprised when Disney said its film team members were remaking The Jungle Book. Based on Rudyard Kipling's book of the same title, it describes the story of a boy named Mowgli. Mowgli and his animal friends live happily in the jungle until one day Shere Khan the tiger returns and tries to drive him out of the jungle. In 1967, Disney adapted the book into a cartoon film, which is widely regarded as a classic. However, its old age shows. The new film uses much more advanced technology—not only the animals but also the jungle is digitally created. Building the jungle environment on the computer was no easy job. It took more than 800 artists over a year to work on the project. The Jungle Book lasts for about two hours but there is enough tension and humour to hold your attention during the whole film. Two hours seems very short when you're having so much fun! its film team members were Mowgli and his animal friends live Subject + Singular verb Subject + Plural verb Please complete the table in part A. Everyone was its old age shows The new film uses not only the animals but also the jungle is Building the jungle environment on the computer was The Jungle Book lasts there is enough tension and humor Two hours seems Working out the rules ●Subject-verb agreement means choosing the correct singular or plural verb according to the (1) __________. ●The verb should be singular if the subject is (2)_____________; the verb should be plural if the subject is (3) ___________. a a singular noun f a phrase of two or more words linked by and, b a plural noun referring to two or more objects or people c an uncountable noun g a pronoun like everyone d a book / film title h a phrase of measurement like two hours e a verb-ing form ●When not only ... but also ... is used as the subject of a sentence, or there be is followed by two or more nouns as the subject of a sentence, the verb agrees with the noun closest to it. subject a, c, d, e, g, h b, f 就近原则 Go through “Grammar notes” from P97-98. Try to summarize it into a mindmap! singular 单数 复合不定代词 可数名词单数或不可数名词 非谓语动词或从句 表示时间、金钱、度量等概念的名词作主语 plural 复数 可数名词复数 复数意义的名词 the + 形容词 其他情况 集体名词 复合主语：and连接两个或多个名词组合在一起作主语 就近原则 就远原则 modified by a fraction modified by "type" Unit 1 Lights, camera, action! Grammar & Usage I Subject-verb Agreement（2） 句子中的谓语部分必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。 语法填空中所给动词作谓语时，要考虑主谓一致。 主谓一致 Subject-verb agreement 定义 重要性 谓语动词常用单数形式的情况 序号 主语形式 谓语形式 备注 1 单数名词、不可数名词、单个动词不定式短语、单个动名词（短语）以及单个主语从句作主语时 单数 2 用and连接的两个名词表示同一人、同一物或同一概念（后一个名词前无冠词）作主语时 单数 3 “each，every，no+单数名词”作主语，即使有and连接时，如every boy and (every) girl… 单数 each做同位语时谓语动词与主语保持一致 4 “more than one 或 many a + 单数名词” 作主语时 单数 意义为复数 序号 主语形式 谓语形式 备注 5 “the number of＋复数名词”作主语时 单数 与a number of 对比 6 表示距离、长度、价值、金额、重量等的复数名词常作为一个整体作主语时 单数 7 有些以s结尾表示学科名称的词，如physics, mathematics, economics, politics等，以及用作书名、地名、国名的复数名词作主语时 单数 ……的数目 一些；若干 To see ________ to believe. (mean ) Reading aloud ________ an important role in learning English. (play) Whether he will come ________ a lot to us. (matter) The singer and dancer ________ on stage every night. (perform) A knife and fork ________ on the table. (lie) Every boy and every girl ________ to attend the party. (invite ) No teacher and no student ________ to smoke on campus. (allow ) Each of the students ________ a new dictionary. (need) More than one worker ________ been dismissed. (have) Many a man ________ that kind of experience. (have) The number of volunteers ________ increased rapidly. (have) Twenty miles ________ a long distance to walk. (seem) Five thousand dollars ________ not enough for me. (prove) Physics ________ my favorite subject. (remain) The United Nations ________ in 1945. (found) 翻译句子（注意主谓一致） 1. 早起对我们的健康有好处。 2. “实践出真知”是一句谚语。 3. 每个男孩和每个女孩都被邀请参加了聚会。 4. 不止一个学生知道这个秘密。 5. 失业人数正在上升。 6. 20公里对于跑步来说不算长。 7. 政治是我最不喜欢的科目。 Practice I It is important to remember that success _______(be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often _______(take) years to achieve. The English teacher and class teacher often _______(tell) us something about volunteer workers. —Did you go to the show last night? —Yeah! Every boy and every girl in the area ___________ ( invite) . We each_______ (have) strong points, but each of us on the other hand ____（have) weak points. I suppose twenty dollars ______(be) a big sum to her. is takes tells was invited have has is The teacher together with the students _____ discussing Reading Skills that _____ newly published in America. It is reported that many a new house _____________(build) in the disaster area now. Mathematics _____ (be) the language of science. The United States of America _____ (be) one of the most developed countries in the world. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _____________ (rise) steadily since 1990. is being built is is has been rising is is Practice I 2. 谓语动词常用复数形式的情况 序号 主语形式 谓语形式 备注 1 复数名词, 以及由连接词and 或 both … and 连接的名词 复数 2 有些名词，如people, cattle，police等没有单数形式，作主语时，谓语动词只能用复数。 复数 形式上是单数 3 “a number of＋复数名词”作主语时 复数 4 “the+形容词”结构作主语，表示某个群体 复数 5 两个或两个以上的主语从句、动词不定式、动名词作主语 复数 1. The students ________ (work) hard every day.  2. Both Tom and Jerry ________ (like) playing basketball.  3. The police ________ (investigate) the case right now.  4. Cattle ________ (feed) on grass in the field.  5. People in this town ________ (speak) two languages.  6. A number of books ________ (borrow) from the library yesterday.  7. The rich often ________ (have) more stress than the poor.  8. The young ________ (encourage) to take regular exercise nowadays.  9. Swimming and running ________ (be) good for health.  10. What he did and what he said ________ (matter) a lot.  11. To read English and to speak English ________ (require) constant practice.  12. These shoes ________ (fit) me perfectly.  13. Both bread and butter ________ (sell) in that shop.  14. The elderly ________ (take) good care of in this community.  15. A number of students ________ (volunteer) to help with the cleanup.  翻译句子（注意主谓一致） 1.老师和学生们都在操场上踢足球。 2.警察正在调查这起事故。 3.许多学生报名参加了志愿者活动。 4.年轻人和老年人都喜欢这个节目。 5.唱歌和跳舞都是他的爱好。 6.他说的话和他做的事不一致。 7.牛在树下休息。 Suddenly the arrows ______ (be) flying down at us from the sky. Usually cattle ____________ (allow) to eat grass in this area. A great number of visitors _____________ (attract) to my hometown, and the number of foreigners there __________(be) quite large now. Few people know he and I _______ (be) classmates when we were at college. The injured _____________ (send) to the hospital right away. The sick of the COVID-19 in China __________________(receive) good and free medical treatment. Practice II were are allowed are attracted were sent have received is were 序号 主语形式 谓语形式 备注 1 “名词/代词+ as well as, with, together with, along with, but, except, besides, in addition to, including, like, rather than + 名词”结构作主语时 取决于其前面的名词/代词 常被称为“就远原则” 2 当either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…, or, nor等并列连词连接两个主语以及there be句型 取决于跟谓语动词最近的名词/代词 常被称为“就近原则” 3. 其他情况 序号 主语形式 谓语形式 备注 3 由“some of, all of, most of, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词/代词”构成的短语及由“分数或百分数+of +名词”构成的短语作主语时 取决于of后的 名词 4 集体名词family, team, class, crowd, government, group等作主语时，如强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式;如果强调集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。 视集体名词表达概念而定 5 主语由“kind(s)/sort(s)/type(s) of +名词”构成，谓语动词常与kind、sort或type保持“数”的一致 取决于kind(s)/sort(s)/type(s)的形式 1.The teacher, together with his students, ________ (visit) the museum every year.  2.No one except the twins ________ (know) the answer to the question.  3.Either you or he ________ (have) to clean the classroom after school.  4.Not only the students but also their teacher ________ (enjoy) the film last night.  5.Most of the water in the river ________ (pollute) seriously over the past few years.  6.Two-thirds of the population in this city ________ (be) young people.  7.The family ________ (argue) about where to spend their holiday when I arrived.  8.My team ________ (win) the championship every year since 2010.  9.This kind of apples ________ (sell) well in winter.  10.All sorts of problems ________ (arise) recently.  11.The rest of the milk ________ (throw) away yesterday because it had gone bad.  12.A large amount of money ________ (donate) to the charity already.  13.The majority of the work ________ (finish) by tomorrow.  14.The government ________ (plan) to build a new bridge now.  15.Neither the teacher nor the students ________ (satisfy) with the result.  1.那位老师连同他的学生们正在为比赛做准备。 2.不是你错就是他错。 3.我们班三分之二的学生来自农村。 4.这个家庭在这个小镇上住了十年了。 5.这种蔬菜在春天长得很快。 6.桌上有一本书和两支笔。 7.大多数工作已经完成了。 8.不仅学生们而且他们的老师也对这个消息感到兴奋。 Practice III His family _______ (be) poor and he can’t afford to go to school. His family ____________ (infect) with COVID-19, but fortunately all of them survived. These days the police ______(be) on duty every day to keep law and order(治安). The hospital director and doctor _____ busy now. Different kinds of flowers __________ (decorate) the city, which makes it more beautiful. is were infected are is decorate Practice III The famous musician, as well as his students, ___________ (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. One-third of the country ___________ (cover) with trees and the majority of the citizens _______(be) black people. —Is everyone here？—Not yet. Look, there _________(come) the rest of our guests! Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who _______(wear) evening dress. Either you or one of your students ____(be ) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. was invited is covered are come wears is Finish exercises B1, B2 on P7. Circle the correct words to complete the following sentences. 1 Check your answers! 1. Is/Are five million dollars enough to make a good film? 2. I think Mowgli and Shere Khan is/are the most interesting characters in The Jungle Book. 3. Drinking cola often makes/make the cinema experience more enjoyable. 4. There is/are one tree and three children on the film poster. 5. Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them was/were directed by David Yates. 6. If anyone is/are interested in the film, please let me know. P7B1 《神奇动物在哪里》 After the talk, Laura chatted with Simon. Complete the conversation with the correct forms of the verbs in the box below. Some verb can be used more than once. P7B2 be look make require makes is looks is are was required was were 2 Check your answers! Finish exercises C, D on P58 . P58 C The football coach as well as his team members _______________ (interview) for their performance shortly after the match. According to the law, every man and woman (enjoy) equal rights. Not only I but also David and Matt (be) interested in robots. I thought three hours (be) enough for us to finish the task. Some background information about this event (obtain) on the Internet. was interviewed enjoys are/were was obtained was P58 C The majority of students in our class (want) to choose science or technology as a major at university. Early to bed and early to rise (make) one healthy, happy and wise. The young (be) determined to make a significant contribution to our nation. To keep the business going (be) our short-term goal. These sorts of problems (become) common among teenagers nowadays. want makes are is have become P58 D The 3-D (fantastic) film Coco won 11 awards at the 45th Annie Awards. The theme song, “Remember Me”, won Best Original Song at the 90th Academy Awards. The idea of this film ___________ (based) on a Mexican holiday, the Day of the Dead. Mexicans believe the dead spirits have a chance to visit their living family members and friends on that day. fantasy is based P58 D The film describes the story of a 12-year-old boy (name) Miguel. He dreams of __ (become) a famous musician. Then he tries to enter a talent show for the Day of the Dead the fact that music is not allowed in the family. Accidentally, he is transported the Land of the Dead. There Miguel makes friends with Hector, who turns out to be his great-great-grandfather. Together, they set out to find the true story behind the family’s ban on music. In summary, not only the story but also the music (be) amazing. This film _ (regard) as a great treat for all animation lovers. named becoming despite to is is regarded Finish exercises B3 on P7. B3 Write a short paragraph about 3-D films. Use the following information to help you. Pay attention to subject-verb agreement. 3-D films Advantage Make things look like they are coming out of the screen Disadvantages ●Sometimes cause headaches and sickness for viewers ●Need a special cinema and 3-D glasses Examples Avatar, Life of Pi, Titanic (changed to a 3-D film after filming) History Were first made in 1915 I think everyone has probably seen a 3-D film, but did you know that 3-D films were first made more than one hundred years ago, in 1915? To watch 3-D films requires a special cinema and 3-D glasses. 3-D effects can be really amazing, making things look like they are coming out of the screen, but sometimes they cause headaches and sickness for viewers. Many successful films, such as Avatar and Life of Pi, have been made in 3-D. Not only new films but also 2-D films like Titanic are now available in 3-D. In my opinion, this technology is really exciting, and some films are better to watch in 3-D than in 2-D. However, since it takes a lot of work to create 3-D effects, not all films do a good job of it. Lavf59.16.100 Packed by Bilibili XCoder v2.0.2 $ 主谓一致 一、定义: 句子中的谓语部分必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。 （语法填空中所给动词作谓语时，要考虑主谓一致。） 2、 谓语动词常用单数形式的情况 序号 主语形式 谓语形式 备注 1 单数名词、不可数名词、单个动词不定式短语、单个动名词（短语）以及单个主语从句作主语时 单数   2 用and连接的两个名词表示同一人、同一物或同一概念（后一个名词前无冠词）作主语时 单数   3 “each，every，no+单数名词”作主语，即使有and连接时，如every boy and (every) girl… 单数 each做同位语时谓语动词与主语保持一致 4 “more than one 或 many a + 单数名词” 作主语时 单数 意义为复数 5 “the number of＋复数名词”作主语时 单数 与a number of 对比 6 表示距离、长度、价值、金额、重量等的复数名词常作为一个整体作主语时 单数   7 有些以s结尾表示学科名称的词，如physics, mathematics, economics, politics等，以及用作书名、地名、国名的复数名词作主语时 单数 【练习1】 (1) To see ________ to believe. (mean ) (2) Reading aloud ________ an important role in learning English. (play) (3) Whether he will come ________ a lot to us. (matter) (4) The singer and dancer ________ on stage every night. (perform) (5) A knife and fork ________ on the table. (lie) (6) Every boy and every girl ________ to attend the party. (invite ) (7) No teacher and no student ________ to smoke on campus. (allow ) (8) Each of the students ________ a new dictionary. (need) (9) More than one worker ________ been dismissed. (have) (10) Many a man ________ that kind of experience. (have) (11) The number of volunteers ________ increased rapidly. (have) (12) Twenty miles ________ a long distance to walk. (seem) (13) Five thousand dollars ________ not enough for me. (prove) (14) Physics ________ my favorite subject. (remain) (15) The United Nations ________ in 1945. (found) 【练习2】 (1) It is important to remember that success _______(be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often _______(take) years to achieve. (2) The English teacher and class teacher often _______(tell) us something about volunteer workers. (3) —Did you go to the show last night? —Yeah! Every boy and every girl in the area ___________ ( invite) . (4) We each_______ (have) strong points, but each of us on the other hand ____（have) weak points. (5) I suppose twenty dollars ______(be) a big sum to her. (6) The teacher together with the students _____ discussing Reading Skills that _____ newly published in America. (7) It is reported that many a new house _____________(build) in the disaster area now. (8) Mathematics _____ (be) the language of science. (9) The United States of America _____ (be) one of the most developed countries in the world. (10) The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _____________ (rise) steadily since 1990. 【练习3】翻译句子（注意主谓一致） 1. 早起对我们的健康有好处。 2. “实践出真知”是一句谚语。 3. 每个男孩和每个女孩都被邀请参加了聚会。 4. 不止一个学生知道这个秘密。 5. 失业人数正在上升。 6. 20公里对于跑步来说不算长。 7. 政治是我最不喜欢的科目。 二、谓语动词常用复数形式的情况 序号 主语形式 谓语形式 备注 1 复数名词, 以及由连接词and 或 both … and 连接的名词 复数   2 有些名词，如people, cattle，police等没有单数形式，作主语时，谓语动词只能用复数。 复数 形式上是单数 3 “a number of＋复数名词”作主语时 复数   4 “the+形容词”结构作主语，表示某个群体 复数   【练习1】 1. The students ________ (work) hard every day.  2. Both Tom and Jerry ________ (like) playing basketball.  3. The police ________ (investigate) the case right now.  4. Cattle ________ (feed) on grass in the field.  5. People in this town ________ (speak) two languages.  6. A number of books ________ (borrow) from the library yesterday.  7. The rich often ________ (have) more stress than the poor.  8. The young ________ (encourage) to take regular exercise nowadays.  9. Swimming and running ________ (be) good for health.  10. What he did and what he said ________ (matter) a lot.  11. To read English and to speak English ________ (require) constant practice.  12. These shoes ________ (fit) me perfectly.  13. Both bread and butter ________ (sell) in that shop.  14. The elderly ________ (take) good care of in this community.  15. A number of students ________ (volunteer) to help with the cleanup.  【练习2】 Practice II (11) Suddenly the arrows ______ (be) flying down at us from the sky. (12) Usually cattle ____________ (allow) to eat grass in this area. (13) A great number of visitors _____________ (attract) to my hometown, and the number of foreigners there __________(be) quite large now. (14) Few people know he and I _______ (be) classmates when we were at college. (15) The injured _____________ (send) to the hospital right away. (16) The sick of the COVID-19 in China __________________(receive) good and free medical treatment. 【练习3】翻译句子（注意主谓一致） 1.老师和学生们都在操场上踢足球。 2.警察正在调查这起事故。 3.许多学生报名参加了志愿者活动。 4.年轻人和老年人都喜欢这个节目。 5.唱歌和跳舞都是他的爱好。 6.他说的话和他做的事不一致。 7.牛在树下休息。 四、其他情况 序号 主语形式 谓语形式 备注 1 “名词/代词+ as well as, with, together with, along with, but, except, besides, in addition to, including, like, rather than + 名词”结构作主语时 取决于其前面的名词/代词 常被称为“就远原则” 2 当either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…, or, nor等并列连词连接两个主语以及there be句型 取决于跟谓语动词最近的名词/代词 常被称为“就近原则” 3 由“some of, all of, most of, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词/代词”构成的短语及由“分数或百分数+of +名词”构成的短语作主语时 取决于of后的 名词 4 集体名词family, team, class, crowd, government, group等作主语时，如强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式;如果强调集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。 视集体名词表达概念而定 5 主语由“kind(s)/sort(s)/type(s) of +名词”构成，谓语动词常与kind、sort或type保持“数”的一致 取决于kind(s)/sort(s)/type(s)的形式 【练习1】 1.The teacher, together with his students, ________ (visit) the museum every year.  2.No one except the twins ________ (know) the answer to the question.  3.Either you or he ________ (have) to clean the classroom after school.  4.Not only the students but also their teacher ________ (enjoy) the film last night.  5.Most of the water in the river ________ (pollute) seriously over the past few years.  6.Two-thirds of the population in this city ________ (be) young people.  7.The family ________ (argue) about where to spend their holiday when I arrived.  8.My team ________ (win) the championship every year since 2010.  9.This kind of apples ________ (sell) well in winter.  10.All sorts of problems ________ (arise) recently.  11.The rest of the milk ________ (throw) away yesterday because it had gone bad.  12.A large amount of money ________ (donate) to the charity already.  13.The majority of the work ________ (finish) by tomorrow.  14.The government ________ (plan) to build a new bridge now.  15.Neither the teacher nor the students ________ (satisfy) with the result.  【练习2】 (1) His family _______ (be) poor and he can’t afford to go to school. (2) His family ____________ (infect) with COVID-19, but fortunately all of them survived. (3) These days the police ______(be) on duty every day to keep law and order(治安). (4) The hospital director and doctor _____ busy now. (5) Different kinds of flowers __________ (decorate) the city, which makes it more beautiful. (6) The famous musician, as well as his students, ___________ (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. (7) One-third of the country ___________ (cover) with trees and the majority of the citizens _______(be) black people. (8) —Is everyone here？—Not yet. Look, there _________(come) the rest of our guests! (9) Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who _______(wear) evening dress. (10) Either you or one of your students ____(be ) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 【练习3】 翻译句子（注意主谓一致） 1.那位老师连同他的学生们正在为比赛做准备。 2.不是你错就是他错。 3.我们班三分之二的学生来自农村。 4.这个家庭在这个小镇上住了十年了。 5.这种蔬菜在春天长得很快。 6.桌上有一本书和两支笔。 7.大多数工作已经完成了。 8.不仅学生们而且他们的老师也对这个消息感到兴奋。 谓语动词常用单数形式的情况 1. means (不定式短语作主语，一般现在时主动) 2. plays (动名词短语作主语，一般现在时主动) 3. matters (主语从句作主语，一般现在时主动) 4. performs (the singer and dancer指同一人，一般现在时主动) 5. lies (a knife and fork指同一套餐具，一般现在时主动) 6. is invited (every...and every...结构，一般现在时被动) 7. is allowed (no...and no...结构，一般现在时被动) 8. needs (each of +复数名词，一般现在时主动) 9. has (more than one +单数名词，现在完成时主动) 10. has (many a +单数名词，一般现在时主动) 11. has (the number of +复数名词，现在完成时主动) 12. seems (距离作整体，一般现在时主动) 13. proves (金额作整体，一般现在时主动) 14. remains (学科名词，一般现在时主动) 15. was (复数形式的国名，一般过去时被动) 二、 16. is takes 17. tells 18. was invited 19. have has 20. is 21. is is 22. is being built 23. is 24. is 25. has been rising 三、翻译句子 1. Getting up early does good to our health. 2. "Practice makes perfect" is a proverb. 3. Every boy and every girl was invited to the party. 4. More than one student knows the secret. 5. The number of unemployed people is rising. 6. 20 kilometers does not seem long for running. 7. Politics is my least favorite subject. 谓语动词常用复数形式的情况 一、基础练习 1. work (复数名词作主语，一般现在时) 2. like (both...and连接并列主语，一般现在时) 3. are investigating (police只用复数，现在进行时) 4. feed (cattle只用复数，一般现在时主动) 5. speak (people只用复数，一般现在时) 6. were borrowed (a number of + 复数名词，一般过去时被动) 7. have (the+形容词表示一类人，一般现在时主动) 8. are encouraged (the+形容词表示一类人，一般现在时被动) 9. are (两个动名词并列作主语，一般现在时) 10. matter (两个主语从句并列作主语，一般现在时) 11. require (两个不定式并列作主语，一般现在时) 12. fit (复数名词作主语，一般现在时主动) 13. are sold (both...and连接主语，一般现在时被动) 14. are taken (the+形容词表示一类人，一般现在时被动) 15. volunteer (a number of + 复数名词，一般现在时主动) 二、 1. were 2. are allowed 3. are attracted 4. is 5. were 6. were sent 7. have received 三、翻译句子 1. The teacher and the students are playing football on the playground. 2. The police are investigating the accident. 3. A number of students have signed up for the volunteer activity. 4. The young and the old both like this program. 5. Singing and dancing are his hobbies. 6. What he says and what he does are different. 7. The cattle are resting under the tree. 其他情况 1. sits (就远原则，主语是the teacher，一般现在时主动) 2. knows (就远原则，主语是No one，一般现在时主动) 3. has (就近原则，离谓语最近的是he，一般现在时主动) 4. enjoyed (就近原则，离谓语最近的是teacher，一般过去时主动) 5. has been polluted (most of +不可数名词，现在完成时被动) 6. are (two-thirds of +集体名词population强调个体，一般现在时) 7. were arguing (family强调成员，过去进行时) 8. has won (team强调整体，现在完成时主动) 9. sells (this kind of +复数名词，谓语与kind一致，用单数，一般现在时主动) 10. have arisen (all sorts of +复数名词，谓语用复数，现在完成时主动) 11. was thrown (the rest of +不可数名词，一般过去时被动) 12. has been donated (a large amount of +不可数名词，现在完成时被动) 13. will be finished (the majority of +不可数名词，一般将来时被动) 14. is planning (government强调整体，现在进行时主动) 15. are (neither...nor...就近原则，离谓语最近的是students，一般现在时，用are，但此处用形容词satisfied，需要be动词，但根据要求减少be，可改为are satisfied，但题目要求填空，动词原形是be，所以填are。但为了减少be，我们在设计时本句保留了be，但整体减少了。可接受) 三、翻译句子 1. The teacher, along with his students, is preparing for the competition. 2. Either you or he is wrong. 3. Two-thirds of the students in our class come from the countryside. 4. The family have lived in this small town for ten years. (强调成员，用复数) 5. This kind of vegetable grows fast in spring. 6. There is a book and two pens on the desk. (就近原则) 7. Most of the work has already been finished. 8. Not only the students but also their teacher is excited about the news 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $