Unit1 Time to relax动词不定式讲解与练习-2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

动词不定式讲解与练习 动词不定式的用法 一、动词不定式的构成 动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”。 (1)肯定式：to+动词原形It's nice to meet you. (2)否定式：not to+动词原形He told me not to leave this room. 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留动词的语义特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语，如to make new friends、to reach the top much faster等。 二、动词不定式的用法 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。此处重点呈现动词不定式作宾语、状语和宾语补足语三种用法。 1.动词不定式作宾语 (1)动词不定式跟在及物动词后作宾语，这种形式很常见。 I have decided to study hard.我已经决定要刻苦学习。 常见的这类动词有begin, choose, continue, decide, expect, fail, forget, hate, help, hope, learn, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prefer, pretend, promise, refuse, try, want, wish, determine, afford, agree, start, like等。 (2)在find, think后跟不定式时，常用it代替，而将真正宾语，即不定式放在后面。 I find it not easy to achieve one's goal.我发现实现一个人的目标并不容易。 2.不定式作状语 (1)作目的状语 不定式作目的状语可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。但用在句中表示目的时前面不能用逗号，强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to/so as to+动词原形，但so as to不用于句首。 To make friends easily, you need to be very kind.要想很容易地交朋友，你需要友善。 (2)作结果状语 ①不定式作结果状语时多表示出乎意料的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。作结果状语的不定式通常用一般式，为了表示强调可在不定式前加上only。 I rushed to the station, only to find the train had already gone. 我匆忙赶到火车站，却发现火车已经开走了。 ②不定式作结果状语还常用于 so… as to…, such… as to…, enough to…, too… to…等结构中。 She was so late as to miss half of the lecture.她来得如此晚以至于错过了一半的演讲。 (3)作原因状语 不定式与情感类形容词连用时，大多表示原因，用来作原因状语。这类形容词主要有 happy, kind, surprised, frightened, shocked, glad, delighted, disappointed 等。 They were surprised to be informed of the news.被告知这一消息他们感到吃惊。 3.不定式作宾语补足语 (1)不定式作宾语补足语很常见，结构为：动词+ sb to do sth,这样的动词有 tell, ask, want, allow, get, encourage 等。 The teacher advised us to have a rest first.老师建议我们先休息一下。 (2)有一些动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带 to，这种动词主要有两类：一类是感官动词，如 see、 hear、 watch、 feel、 notice等；另一类是使役动词，如 let、 make、 have 等。 My mum made me clean the house. =I was made to clean the house by my mum. 我妈妈让我把房间打扫干净。 【温馨提示】 help(帮助)后作宾语补足语的动词不定式可带 to,也可不带 to,即 help sb (to) do sth He often helps his parents (to) do their housework.他经常帮助他父母做家务。 三、动词不定式的特殊用法 1.“疑问词+不定式”结构 动词不定式可以与 what, which, when, where, how 等连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语等。 How to finish the work on time is a problem.如何按时完成任务是个问题。 【温馨提示】 why 不能用于“疑问词+不定式”结构。 2.不定式的省略 (1)感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾语补足语时省略 to(注意被动语态中 to应加上)。 (2)在介词 but, except(除了……)前，若有实义动词 do，作宾语的不定式则省略 to；若无 do，则 to不能省略。 (3)两个或多个不定式短语表示并列关系时，后面的 to 可以省略；如果两个或多个不定式短语表示对比关系时，则保留 to。 (4)下列句型常省略 to may as well do sth 最好还是做…… had better do sth 最好做某事 do nothing but do sth 别无选择只好做某事 can't help but do sth 禁不住做某事 Why not do sth?为何不做某事？ prefer to do ... rather than do ... 宁愿做……而不愿做…… would rather do ... than do ... 宁愿做……而不愿做…… 夯基达标 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. They went there __________ (climb) Mount Tai. 2. Although it rained heavily, he still decided __________ (send) his child to basketball practice. 3. Schools need volunteers __________ (help) children to read. 4. Mr Brown made his students __________ (write) letters in English. 5. The teachers are still talking about where __________ (hold) the concert. 二、根据汉语提示完成句子 1.他们经常去公园呼吸新鲜空气。 They often go to the park _______ _______ _______ fresh air.(take) 2.为了实现我们的梦想，我们应该努力学习，决不放弃。 _______ _______ _______ _______, we should study hard and never give up.(achieve) 3.这本连环漫画书足够有趣而吸引了很多学生。 The comic strip is _______ _______ _______ _______ many students.(attract) 4.他太兴奋了以至于一句话也说不出来。 He was _______ _______ _______ _______ a word.(say) 5.我们老师教了我们如何在比赛中保持冷静。 Our teacher taught us _______ _______ _______ calm in the game.(stay) 能力提升 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Hobbies bring joy to our life. They help us 1. _________ (relax) and learn new things. Let me tell you about some hobbies that students often love. Many students choose 2. _________ (play) sports in their free time. They think it's fun to run or play basketball with friends. Some even decide 3. _________ (join) school teams to practise more. Listening to music is also popular. Some students love to listen to pop songs, while others enjoy learning 4. _________ (play) instruments. They hope 5. _________ (show) their talent in school concerts. Reading is a great hobby too. Students like to find interesting books in the library. They love 6. _________ (read) stories that make them laugh or think. Some even start 7. _________ (write) their own diaries. Finally, many students try 8. _(make) art. They draw pictures or paint landscapes 9. _________ (express) their feelings. It's wonderful to see how creative they can be! Hobbies help us grow and discover our interests. So don't be afraid 10. _________ (try) something new—you might find your favourite hobby! Keys 一．1.to climb 2.to send 3.to help 4.write 5.to told 二．1.to take in 2.To achieve our dreams 3.interesting enough to attract 4.too excited to say 5.how to stay 三．1.to relax 2.to play 3.to join 4.to play 5.to show 6.to read 7.to write 8.to make 9.to express 10.to try 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $