精品解析：辽宁沈阳市和平区沈阳市回民中学2025-2026学年高二下学期期初考试英语试题

沈阳市回民中学2024级高二下学期期初考试 英语 试卷满分：150分 时间：120分钟 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. What will the speakers do for Bobby? A. Take him to go rock climbing. B. Buy him a pair of sports shoes. C. Increase his pocket money. 2. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. On the phone. B. In the park. C. At the repair shop. 3. What is the woman doing now? A. Watching TV. B. Flying a kite. C. Observing birds. 4. What are the speakers mainly discussing? A. A dance. B. A piece of music. C. A space project. 5. Why did Mr. Harper quit starring in the TV series? A. He is seriously ill. B. He is not satisfied with the pay. C. He needs to attend to a family member. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6 Which of the following clothes was bought from a second-hand store? A. The black coat. B. The black shirt. C. The purple shirt. 7. What does the woman suggest Mike do with his old clothes in the end? A. Throw them away directly. B. Take them to a clothing store. C. Donate them to a charity. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. Which area is newly included in the updated document? A. England. B. Scotland. C. Wales. 9. What are visitors no longer permitted to do in zoos? A. Touch sea animals. B. Feed birds. C. Feed elephants. 10. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Colleagues. B. Husband and wife. C. Zookeeper and visitor. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. What did David just finish checking? A. The track. B. The awards area. C. The sound system. 12. Where is the medical station located? A. Near the finish line. B. Beside the awards table. C. Next to the long jump area. 13. What is Mr. Evans doing? A. Testing the microphone. B. Preparing bottled water. C. Adjusting the high jump bar. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14. How did Ava contribute to charity? A. She challenged herself to cycle 57 miles. B. She gave the elderly encouraging notes. C. She organized a litter-picking project. 15. Which school won the Kind School Award? A. Newland House School. B. Lincolnshire Primary School. C. East Hunsbury Primary School. 16. What prize will Miss Jo receive? A. A picnic table. B. A£50 gift card. C. 6-year membership of a magazine. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What percentage of American AI users show politeness to AI search engines? A. About 25%. B. About 33%. C. About 67%. 18. What were participants in the second group asked to do in the experiment? A. List things they were grateful for. B. Record their daily problems. C. Keep a regular journal. 19. Who wrote the book The How of Happiness? A. Robert Emmons. B. Sonja Lyubomirsky. C. Michael McCullough. 20. What is the speaker’s attitude towards being polite to AI? A. Favorable. B. Critical. C. Uncertain. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Institute of Psychology (心理研究所) 1141 Cumberland Avenue, Pittsburgh June 12th Volunteers are wanted for a study trying to find out the effect of aging on cognition (认知). Everyone’s cognition is characterised by “thinking styles”. Recent research has shown that older people use different thinking styles than younger people. The aim of this study is to investigate what these differences are, and to discover what are responsible for these differences. People from adult age groups will take part in the study. We are particularly eager to attract people between50 and 70, and especially men of this age, because usually fewer people in this group volunteer. If you choose to take part, you will be asked to complete a set of questionnaires and take an assessment at the institute. The assessment takes about 60 minutes, and includes computer and pen-and-paper puzzles (智力游戏) and tasks. For this, you can schedule a time that suits you. Volunteers will be repaid $40 for their time. If you think you might be interested in this project, we would like to hear from you. Contact Kylie Riordan at kylie-r@ google.com or on 302-555-6773. Dear Kylie, I would like to take part in your study. I took part in another cognition study at your institute six weeks ago, so I have some ideas of the kind of things I need to do. However, since it is now mid-September, you may have finished your study. If you do want me, I’m free on most weekends. I also want to know if you’ll pay travel costs. In the last study, they did not, but they said they were thinking of doing so in the future. If I take the train, it’ll cost me $5. Looking forward to hearing from you. Yours, Melody cranberry 1. What is the study mainly about? A. Why people age. B. Why older people dislike volunteering. C. What determines people’s thinking styles. D. What effect aging has on cognition. 2. What are volunteers required to do? A. Pass a health assessment. B. Fill out some questionnaires. C Pay $40 for the test. D. Visit the institute at the appointed time. 3. What can we learn about Melody? A. She had experience in cognition study. B. She was unsatisfied with her last study. C. She was usually unavailable on weekends. D. She wanted to get her travel fee back. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了心理研究所招募志愿者进行一项关于衰老对认知影响的研究，以及一位名叫Melody的人的回信。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一个表格第一段中“Volunteers are wanted for a study trying to find out the effect of aging on cognition (认知).(招募志愿者进行一项研究，试图找出衰老对认知的影响。)”可知，这项研究主要是关于衰老对认知的影响。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一个表格第三段中“If you choose to take part, you will be asked to complete a set of questionnaires and take an assessment at the institute.(如果你选择参加，你将被要求完成一套问卷，并在研究所进行评估。)”可知，志愿者需要填写一些问卷。故选B。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二个表格第二段中“I took part in another cognition study at your institute six weeks ago, so I have some ideas of the kind of things I need to do.(六周前我参加了你们研究所的另一项认知研究，所以我对需要做的事情有一些了解。)”可知，Melody有过认知研究的经验。故选A。 B Many people confuse hard-working people with workaholics (工作狂). How could a person tell that he/ she is a workaholic? A workaholic works long hours, at the expense of personal relationships and health. When not working, they’re thinking about work. Work influences their mood: When work is going well, they’re up; when work is going less well, they’re down. Working, or simply being busy, can be a hard habit to break. When workaholics aren’t busy working — or doing something to promote their work — they feel anxious and guilty. They hang onto jobs for dear life and do everything they can to make sure they’re essential. There is a link between health problems and workaholism. Just because work itself is a respectable pursuit doesn’t mean that an addiction to it is any less damaging than other sorts of addictions. A number of studies show that workaholism has been associated with a wide range of health problems, such as anxiety and heart disease. Besides health problems, being a workaholic brings other negative effects as well. A study published in the American Journal of Family Therapy found that working too much negatively influenced an employee’s marriage. This isn’t surprising, since if you’re married to your work it can be difficult to be married to anything or anyone else. There have also been studies looking at the influence of workaholic parents on their children and the news isn’t good. Adult children of workaholic fathers experienced more depression and anxiety and a weaker sense of self. However, there are also many positive aspects to working hard and to an increasing devotion to career. Hard work can bring great rewards. For many, it’s how they develop feelings of self-worth, confidence and purpose. If you have a workaholic in your life you might point out the things he or she is missing out on while at work, whether it’s a child’s soccer game, a good book, or a yoga class. Seek to understand why the person feels the need to work so much and support them in finding a solution. 4. What can we learn about workaholics from paragraph 1? A. They put work in the first place. B. They can balance life and work well. C. They are under pressure from work. D. They win respect from their workmates. 5. What are paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly about? A. Reasons for being workaholics. B. Ways to deal with work addiction. C. The potential harm of workaholism. D. The difference between hard-working people and workaholics. 6. What can we do to help workaholics in life? A. Force them to join in family activities. B. Reward them for their hard work. C. Help them find self-worth and confidence. D. Try to understand and support them. 7. What is the author’s attitude toward working hard? A. Doubtful. B. Objective. C. Negative. D. Curious. 【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了工作狂的特征、危害以及如何对待工作狂和努力工作的态度。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“A workaholic works long hours, at the expense of personal relationships and health. When not working, they’re thinking about work. Work influences their mood: When work is going well, they’re up; when work is going less well, they’re down.(工作狂长时间工作，以牺牲人际关系和健康为代价。不工作时，他们会想着工作。工作影响他们的情绪：当工作进展顺利时，他们情绪高涨；当工作进展不太顺利时，他们情绪低落)”可知，工作狂把工作放在第一位。故选A。 【5题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“There is a link between health problems and workaholism.(健康问题和工作狂之间有联系)”以及第四段中“Besides health problems, being a workaholic brings other negative effects as well.(除了健康问题，成为工作狂还会带来其他负面影响)”可知，第三和第四段主要讲述了工作狂的潜在危害。故选C。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Seek to understand why the person feels the need to work so much and support them in finding a solution.(试着理解为什么这个人觉得有必要工作这么多，并支持他们找到解决方案)”可知，我们可以试着理解和支持工作狂来帮助他们。故选D。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, there are also many positive aspects to working hard and to an increasing devotion to career. Hard work can bring great rewards. For many, it’s how they develop feelings of self-worth, confidence and purpose.(然而，努力工作和越来越投身于事业也有很多积极的方面。努力工作可以带来巨大的回报。对许多人来说，这是他们培养自我价值感、自信和目标感的方式)”可知，作者既提到了工作狂的危害，也提到了努力工作的积极方面，因此作者对努力工作的态度是客观的。故选B。 C Beneath the forest floor lies an intricate hidden world that scientists are only beginning to understand. This isn’t a world of roots and dirt, but a vast, interconnected network of fungus (真菌). Known as mycelium (菌丝体), these thread-like structures form symbiotic (共生) relationships with trees, creating what has been dubbed the “Wood Wide Web.” For decades, ecologists viewed trees as solitary individuals competing for sunlight and soil resources. However, groundbreaking research by scientists like Suzanne Simard has revealed a much more complex reality. Through the mycelium, trees are able to exchange nutrients, water, and even chemical signals with one another. A dying tree, for instance, might offload its remaining carbon reserves through the fungal network to its younger neighbors, giving them a survival boost. Conversely, a tree under attack by insects can send out warning signals through the network, prompting nearby trees to produce defense chemicals. This discovery has fundamentally shifted our understanding of forest ecosystems. Forests are not simply collections of individual trees; they are super-organisms. The fungal network acts as a central nervous system, connecting the whole community. Older, larger trees, often called “hub trees” or “mother trees,” serve as the central nodes of this network, with hundreds of connections to other trees. When a mother tree is damaged or logged, it can disrupt the flow of resources and information to the younger trees it supports, weakening the resilience of the entire forest. The implications of this research extend beyond ecology. Some technologists are now looking at mycelium networks as a source of inspiration for designing more resilient and efficient communication networks. Unlike our current centralized internet, which can be vulnerable to targeted attacks, a fungal-style network is decentralized. If one connection fails, information can simply reroute through countless other pathways. By mimicking nature’s time-tested designs, we might be able to build a better, stronger internet. In essence, the “Wood Wide Web” reminds us that nature often operates on principles of cooperation and interdependence, rather than just survival of the fittest. As we face global challenges like climate change and cybersecurity threats, looking to the wisdom beneath our feet might be a surprisingly fruitful approach. 8. What did ecologists traditionally believe about trees? A. They communicated through fungus. B. They existed as independent competitors. C. They formed super-organisms with fungus. D. They shared resources for mutual benefits. 9. How does the “mother tree” function within the forest network? A. It absorbs nutrients only for its own growth. B. It competes with younger trees for sunlight. C. It acts as a central hub for resource distribution. D. It sends warning signals to insects attacking it. 10. Why do technologists find mycelium networks inspiring? A. Because they are faster than modern computers. B. Because they are centralized and easy to control. C. Because they demonstrate a decentralized structure. D. Because they can survive without any connections. 11. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce a new discovery about forest communication. B. To argue against the theory of survival of the fittest. C. To explain how to build a better internet network. D. To compare tree roots with fungal threads. 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. C 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家发现森林中树木之间通过菌丝体网络进行交流和资源共享，形成了一个复杂的“森林互联网”，并探讨了这一发现对生态学和技术的启示。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“For decades, ecologists viewed trees as solitary individuals competing for sunlight and soil resources.(几十年来，生态学家一直把树木视为争夺阳光和土壤资源的独立个体)”可知，几十年来，生态学家认为树木是独立的个体，相互竞争阳光和土壤资源。故选B项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Older, larger trees, often called “hub trees” or “mother trees,” serve as the central nodes of this network, with hundreds of connections to other trees. When a mother tree is damaged or logged, it can disrupt the flow of resources and information to the younger trees it supports, weakening the resilience of the entire forest.(年长、较大的树木，通常被称为“枢纽树”或“母树”，是这个网络的中心节点，与其他树木有数百个连接。当母树受损或被砍伐时，它会破坏它所支撑的幼树获取资源和信息的流动，削弱整个森林的恢复力)”可知，“母树”在森林网络中作为资源分配的中心枢纽。故选C项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Some technologists are now looking at mycelium networks as a source of inspiration for designing more resilient and efficient communication networks. Unlike our current centralized internet, which can be vulnerable to targeted attacks, a fungal-style network is decentralized. If one connection fails, information can simply reroute through countless other pathways.(一些技术人员现在正将菌丝体网络视为设计更具弹性和高效通信网络的灵感来源。与我们当前容易受到针对性攻击的集中式互联网不同，真菌风格的网络是去中心化的。如果一个连接失败，信息可以通过无数其他路径重新路由)”可知，技术人员发现菌丝体网络令人鼓舞是因为它们展示了去中心化的结构。故选C项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Beneath the forest floor lies an intricate hidden world that scientists are only beginning to understand. This isn’t a world of roots and dirt, but a vast, interconnected network of fungus (真菌). Known as mycelium (菌丝体), these thread-like structures form symbiotic (共生) relationships with trees, creating what has been dubbed the “Wood Wide Web.”(在森林地表之下，有一个错综复杂的隐藏世界，科学家们才刚刚开始了解它。这不是一个由树根和泥土组成的世界，而是一个庞大的、相互连接的真菌网络。这些线状结构被称为菌丝体，与树木形成共生关系，形成了所谓的“森林互联网”)”可知，文章主要介绍了科学家发现森林中树木之间通过菌丝体网络进行交流和资源共享，形成了一个复杂的“森林互联网”，所以A项“To introduce a new discovery about forest communication.(介绍一项关于森林交流的新发现)”是文章的主要写作目的。故选A项。 D The wisdom of the crowd is a phenomenon where the average estimate of a group of individuals often turns out to be more accurate than that of any single expert. However, a new study suggests that this collective intelligence can be significantly enhanced by a simple adjustment: allowing the crowd to talk. Researchers from the University of Chicago and the University of California, Berkeley, conducted an experiment to test the power of structured discussion. They gathered participants and asked them to estimate facts, such as the number of murders in Chicago last year or the population of Illinois. First, individuals made their own anonymous guesses. Then, they were divided into small groups to discuss the questions and agree on a shared estimate. Finally, after the discussion, the individuals were again asked to provide their own personal, private estimates. The results, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, were striking. The researchers found that the “average of the averages” generated by the small discussion groups was significantly more accurate than the average of all the initial individual estimates. The discussion seemed to iron out extreme errors and distill a more accurate collective judgement. Why does this work? When people discuss, they share information and arguments. A person with a wildly inaccurate guess might be persuaded by the group’s collective reasoning to adjust their view. Conversely, someone with a partially correct insight can share it, influencing the group’s final answer. This social learning process corrects individual biases. “The group discussion allows people to realize, ‘Oh, I didn’t think of that factor,’” explained one of the lead researchers. “They are pooling their cognitive resources.” Interestingly, the benefits of discussion didn’t stop with the group’s consensus. Even after the conversation ended, when individuals revised their own private estimates, these revised guesses were also more accurate than their original ones. The knowledge gained during the discussion stuck with them, leading to a lasting improvement in their individual judgment. This finding challenges the traditional view of the “wisdom of the crowds,” which typically relies on independent, non-social estimates. It suggests that a little bit of conversation can go a long way in making us all a little bit wiser. 12. What is the traditional view of the “wisdom of the crowds”? A. It requires participants to be experts. B. It is based on independent and isolated judgments. C. It is less accurate than the estimate of a single expert. D. It works best when crowds are divided into small groups. 13. How was the experiment conducted to test the effect of discussion? A. By comparing individual guessed with group-informed estimates. B. By asking groups to compete against each other for accuracy. C. By having experts evaluate the accuracy of group estimates. D. By analyzing the decision-making process in real-life juries. 14. What does the underlined word “distill” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. To confuse. B. To complicate. C. To extract the best. D. To ignore the details. 15. What can be concluded from the last paragraph about the effect of discussion? A. It only improves the accuracy of the group consensus. B. It has a lasting positive impact on individual judgment. C. It makes individuals doubt their original knowledge permanently. D. It proves that traditional wisdom of crowds is completely wrong. 【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了群体讨论能提升“群体智慧”的准确性及其原因。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“This finding challenges the traditional view of the “wisdom of the crowds,” which typically relies on independent, non-social estimates.(这一发现挑战了传统的“群体智慧”观点，传统观点通常依赖于独立的、非社交性的估计)”可知，传统的群体智慧基于独立、孤立的判断。故选B。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“First, individuals made their own anonymous guesses. Then, they were divided into small groups to discuss the questions and agree on a shared estimate. Finally, after the discussion, the individuals were again asked to provide their own personal, private estimates.(首先，个人做出自己的匿名猜测。然后，他们被分成小组讨论问题，并就共同的估计达成一致。最后，在讨论结束后，参与者再次被要求给出个人独立的估计)”以及第三段中“The researchers found that the “average of the averages” generated by the small discussion groups was significantly more accurate than the average of all the initial individual estimates.(研究人员发现，小型讨论小组产生的“平均平均值”比所有初始个人估计的平均值要准确得多)”可知，实验是通过比较个人猜测与小组得出的估计来测试讨论的效果的。故选A。 【14题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“The discussion seemed to iron out extreme errors and distill a more accurate collective judgement.(讨论似乎消除了极端错误，并distill更准确的集体判断)”可知，讨论似乎消除了极端错误，并提炼出更准确的集体判断，因此distill在此处的意思是“提炼出最好的”。故选C。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Interestingly, the benefits of discussion didn’t stop with the group’s consensus. Even after the conversation ended, when individuals revised their own private estimates, these revised guesses were also more accurate than their original ones. The knowledge gained during the discussion stuck with them, leading to a lasting improvement in their individual judgment.(有趣的是，讨论的好处并不止于小组的共识。即使在讨论结束后，当个人修改他们自己的私人估计时，这些修改后的猜测也比原来的更准确。在讨论中获得的知识一直伴随着他们，导致他们的个人判断得到持久的改善)”可知，讨论对个人判断有持久的积极影响。故选B。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Give Back to the Community: Simple Acts Make a Difference Volunteering is a great way to make a positive impact on the world around us. Not only does it provide an opportunity to help others, but it allows us to connect with our community and create meaningful relationships with those we serve. ____16____. Here are some tips to help you find your passion and get involved in your community. Explore your interests ____17____. There are countless volunteer opportunities in every community, so finding something that matches your interests can make the experience more fulfilling. Consider your skills and experience, as well as your hobbies and personal values. Research local organizations Look for local organizations that match your interests and values. Research their mission statement, programs, and volunteer opportunities to find a good fit. Attend events or meetings to learn more about the organization. ____18____. Check with your local community center or volunteer center for a directory of volunteer opportunities. ____19____. You don’t have to commit to a long-term volunteer project right away. Start with a minor project or event to get a feel for the organization and their mission. This can also help you determine what type of volunteer work you enjoy and what you want to do more of in the future. Be consistent Consistency is key when it comes to volunteering. Find an opportunity that fits your schedule and commit to it on a regular basis. It can help the organization plan and manage their resources. ____20____. A. Start small B. Commit fully C. Discover what work they do in the community D. Think about your passions and the causes you care about E. We can investigate the organizations to make sure they are attractive F. And it can also help you build relationships with the people you serve G. Finding the right volunteer opportunity can be the first step in making a difference. 【答案】16. G 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. F 【解析】 【导语】本文为说明文，主要针对参与社区志愿者活动提出了四条建议，包括：发现自己的兴趣，研究当地相关机构，从小项目做起以及坚持不懈，旨在帮助人们更好地为社区做出贡献。 【16题详解】 由上文“Volunteering is a great way to make a positive impact on the world around us. Not only does it provide an opportunity to help others, but it allows us to connect with our community and create meaningful relationships with those we serve. (志愿服务是对我们周围的世界产生积极影响的好方法。它不仅提供了一个帮助他人的机会，而且还使我们能够与社区建立联系，并与我们所服务的人建立有意义的关系)”和下文“Here are some tips to help you find your passion and get involved in your community. (这里有一些建议可以帮助你找到你的激情，并参与到你的社区中来)”可知，上文谈及志愿者工作的益处，下文则提到本文将介绍一些如何帮助你找到你的激情，参与到社区工作中，由此推断此处可能会说找到热情所在的必要性，G项“Finding the right volunteer opportunity can be the first step in making a difference. (找到恰当的志愿者工作机会是开始的第一步)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选G。 【17题详解】 由下文“There are countless volunteer opportunities in every community, so finding something that matches your interests can make the experience more fulfilling. Consider your skills and experience, as well as your hobbies and personal values. (每个社区都有无数的志愿者机会，所以找到符合你兴趣的东西会让你的经历更充实。考虑你的技能和经验，以及你的爱好和个人价值观。)”可知，本段主要介绍了找到自己的兴趣点，考虑你的技能和经验，以及你的爱好和个人价值观。本空应强调人们要思考自己所热爱和关心的，D项“Think about your passions and the causes you care about (想想你的热衷的事情和关心的事业)”能引出下文，符合语境。故选D。 【18题详解】 由上文“Look for local organizations that match your interests and values. Research their mission statement, programs, and volunteer opportunities to find a good fit. Attend events or meetings to learn more about the organization. (寻找符合你兴趣和价值观的当地组织。研究他们的使命宣言、项目和志愿者机会，以找到合适的匹配。参加活动或会议，以更多地了解组织)”可知，上文建议人们参加一些活动或会议来更好地了解该机构，本空应强调人们了解组织时要了解什么，C项“Discover what work they do in the community (弄清他们在社区做些什么工作)”鼓励读者去了解这些组织在社区中所做的工作，以便更好地选择适合自己的组织，能承接上文，符合语境。故选C。 【19题详解】 本题位于第四段小标题处，是本段内容的高度凝练，由下文“You don’t have to commit to a long-term volunteer project right away. Start with a minor project or event to get a feel for the organization and their mission. This can also help you determine what type of volunteer work you enjoy and what you want to do more of in the future. (您不必立刻承诺参与长期的志愿服务项目。可以从一个小型项目或活动开始，以了解该组织及其使命。这也有助于您确定自己喜欢哪种类型的志愿工作以及未来想做更多什么类型的工作。)”可知，本段建议人们在选择项目时要从小事做起，避免一开始就参与一些长期的项目，A项“Start small (从小事做起)”能概括本段主旨，符合语境。故选A。 【20题详解】 由上文“Consistency is key when it comes to volunteering. Find an opportunity that fits your schedule and commit to it on a regular basis. It can help the organization plan and manage their resources. (在志愿服务中，一致性至关重要。找到一个符合您日程安排机会，并定期投入其中。这不仅有助于组织更好地规划和管理资源)”可知，上文陈述一致性对组织的好处，本空应强调一致性对个人的好处，F项“And it can also help you build relationships with the people you serve (它还可以帮助你与你所服务的人建立关系)”此处与前文构成语义递进关系，能承接上文，符合语境。故选F。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Borneo is home to some of the most extraordinary wildlife. Several years ago, I decided to go there for a visit. A local person offered to be my guide, which was a great ____21____ for me. One day, my guide turned off the smooth road and took me across a rough hillside instead. We picked our way carefully when ____22____ a charming flower popped into my view among those stones. Oh, dear! More than ____23____, I bent down and put my nose practically inside the flower’s core. ____24____ to my surprise, it was only one of the ____25____ during the trip. As I____26____ the end of my trip, there was still something I had yet to see. We planned to ____27____ the most feared creature there, the saltwater crocodile, which can grow to a ____28____ of six metres or more. When we shone a flashlight towards the muddy shore, little sounds ____29____ in the darkness as if something unseen underwater had broken the _____30_____. Taking a second look, we spotted two greedy _____31_____ just above the water line. As we drew near, it moved and we saw clearly it was a crocodile. With great _____32_____, we neared it and finally could _____33_____ its true dimensions. It was a baby-no more than 0.6 meter long. Aha, whatever, I could now report to the folks back home, who had never been to Borneo, that I had _____34_____ a hungry crocodile in the wild and lived to tell the tale. The world out there is so _____35_____. Why not step outdoors and enjoy the wonders nature offers to you? 21. A. award B. bonus C. reward D. salary 22. A. suddenly B. literally C. definitely D. intimately 23. A. alarmed B. concerned C. pleased D. upset 24. A. Nevertheless B. Besides C. Instead D. Therefore 25. A. desires B. motivations C. highlights D. destinations 26. A. summarized B. approached C. valued D. suspected 27. A. hold onto B. pick up C. reflect on D. hunt for 28. A. width B. size C. height D. length 29. A. emerged B. paused C. continued D. declined 30. A. mud B. surface C. ground D. shore 31. A. legs B. mouths C. eyes D. teeth 32. A. caution B. envy C. ease D. annoyance 33 A. give out B. make out C. turn out D. let out 34. A. challenged B. chased C. terrified D. encountered 35. A. astonishing B. heartbreaking C. fascinating D. educational 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者前往婆罗洲旅行，偶遇奇花、寻找鳄鱼，感受大自然迷人魅力的经历。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位当地人主动提出做我的向导，这对我来说是一大意外收获。A. award 奖品；B. bonus 意外收获；C. reward 报酬；D. salary 薪水。根据前文“A local person offered to be my guide”可知，有人主动当向导是意外的好事。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们小心地前行，突然一朵迷人的小花出现在石头间。A. suddenly 突然；B. literally 确实；C. definitely 肯定地；D. intimately 亲密地。根据前文“We picked our way carefully”和后文“popped into my view”可知，花朵是突然出现的。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我欣喜若狂，弯下腰几乎把鼻子伸进花蕊里。A. alarmed 惊恐的；B. concerned 担心的；C. pleased 高兴的；D. upset 难过的。根据前文“a charming flower popped into my view”可知，作者看到花非常开心。故选C项。 【24题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，令我惊讶的是，这只是旅途中的亮点之一。A. Nevertheless 然而；B. Besides 此外；C. Instead 相反；D. Therefore 因此。根据前文与后文“it was only one of the highlights during the trip”可知，上下文之间表示转折关系。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，令我惊讶的是，这只是旅途中的亮点之一。A. desires 愿望；B. motivations 动力；C. highlights 亮点；D. destinations 目的地。根据后文“there was still something I had yet to see”可知，这次旅行还有其他精彩的经历，所以这朵奇花只是旅途中的亮点之一，故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我接近旅行尾声时，还有些东西没看到。A. summarized 总结；B. approached 接近；C. valued 重视；D. suspected 怀疑。根据后文“the end of my trip”可知，此处指的是旅行快要结束。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们计划去寻找那里最令人害怕的生物——咸水鳄。A. hold onto 抓住；B. pick up 捡起；C. reflect on 反思；D. hunt for 寻找。根据前文“there was still something I had yet to see”可知，他们要去寻找鳄鱼。故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种鳄鱼可以长到6米甚至更长的长度。A. width 宽度；B. size 尺寸；C. height 高度；D. length 长度。根据后文“six metres or more”可知，此处指体长。故选D项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们用手电筒照向泥泞岸边时，黑暗中传来了细微的声音。A. emerged 出现；B. paused 暂停；C. continued 继续；D. declined 下降。根据前文“shone a flashlight towards the muddy shore”可知，声音在黑暗中出现。故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：好像水下有看不见的东西打破了水面。A. mud 泥浆；B. surface 表面；C. ground 地面；D. shore 岸边。根据前文“underwater”可知，是打破了水面。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：再一看，我们发现水面上方有两只贪婪的眼睛。A. legs 腿；B. mouths 嘴；C. eyes 眼睛；D. teeth 牙齿。根据前文“spotted”和后文的“just above the water line”可知，看到的是眼睛。故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们非常小心地靠近它。A. caution 小心；B. envy 嫉妒；C. ease 轻松；D. annoyance 恼怒。根据前文“the most feared creature”可知，靠近鳄鱼要十分谨慎。故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：终于能看清它的真实大小。A. give out 分发；B. make out 看清、弄清楚；C. turn out 结果是；D. let out 发出。根据前文“neared it”可知，靠近后能看清楚。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我可以告诉家乡的人们，我在野外遇到了一条饥饿的鳄鱼，并且活着讲述了这个故事。A. challenged 挑战；B. chased 追逐；C. terrified 使害怕；D. encountered 遇到。根据前文“Taking a second look, we spotted two greedy ______ just above the water line.”可知，作者遇到了鳄鱼。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：外面的世界如此迷人。A. astonishing 令人惊讶的；B. heartbreaking 令人心碎的；C. fascinating 迷人的；D. educational 有教育意义的。根据后文“enjoy the wonders nature offers”可知，世界充满奇妙，十分迷人。故选C项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The UNESCO on Wednesday inscribed Spring Festival, social practices of the Chinese people in celebration of the traditional new year, on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The decision ____36____ (make) during the 19th session of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, taking place in Paraguay from Dec.2 to 7. The committee recognized the festival for ____37____ (it) wide array of rituals (仪式) ____38____ unique cultural elements that engage all of Chinese society. UNESCO highlighted that the Spring Festival,____39____ (mark) the start of the traditional Chinese Lunar New Year, involves various social practices, including prayers for good fortune and family reunions. It also ____40____ (feature) activities planned by elders and festive public events organized by communities. According to UNESCO’s documentation, the knowledge and customs ____41____ (associate) with the Spring Festival are passed ____42____ informally within families and communities, as well as formally through the education system. China’s vice minister of Culture and Tourism, Rao Quan, ____43____ led the Chinese delegation at the UNESCO session, expressed gratitude for the ____44____ (recognize). He stressed that the Spring Festival is China’s most important traditional holiday, symbolizing the Chinese people’s hopes for ____45____ better life, strong ties to family and country, and the values of harmony between humans and nature. 【答案】36. was made 37. its 38. and 39. marking 40. features 41. associated 42. down 43. who 44. recognition 45. a 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。联合国教科文组织将春节列入人类非物质文化遗产名录，强调其丰富的文化元素和社会实践，体现了中国人民对家庭、自然和谐及美好生活的向往。 【36题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：这一决定是在12月2日至7日于巴拉圭举行的联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产保护政府间委员会第19届会议上作出的。此空作谓语动词，主语decision与make为被动关系，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时被动语态，主语是The decision，be动词使用was。故填was made。 【37题详解】 考查代词。句意：委员会认可该节日拥有广泛的仪式和独特的文化元素，使全体中国社会参与。此处修饰名词短语，应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。 【38题详解】 考查连词。句意：委员会认可该节日拥有广泛的仪式和独特的文化元素，使全体中国社会参与。此处表示并列关系，连接名词短语wide array of rituals和unique cultural elements，应用and。故填and。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：联合国教科文组织指出，标志着中国传统农历新年开端的春节，包含各类社会习俗，包括祈福与家庭团圆。此空作非谓语动词，Spring Festival与mark为主动关系，应用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填marking。 【40题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：它还以长辈策划的活动和社区组织的节日公共活动为特色。此空作谓语动词，主语It(指代the Spring Festival)与feature为主动关系，句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语it为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填features。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：根据联合国教科文组织的记载，与春节相关的知识和习俗，在家庭和社区内部非正式地传承，同时也通过教育体系正式传承。此空作非谓语动词，knowledge and customs与associate为被动关系，应用过去分词associated作后置定语。故填associated。 【42题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：根据联合国教科文组织的记载，与春节相关的知识和习俗，在家庭和社区内部非正式地传承，同时也通过教育体系正式传承。固定搭配pass down，表示“传承、流传”，符合语境。故填down。 【43题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：中国文化和旅游部副部长饶权率领中国代表团出席会议，对此认可表示感谢。此空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Rao Quan，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 【44题详解】 考查名词。句意：中国文化和旅游部副部长饶权率领中国代表团出席会议，对此认可表示感谢。前面有定冠词the修饰，应用名词形式，recognition，表“认可”，为不可数名词，作介词后宾语，符合语境。故填recognition。 【45题详解】 考查冠词。句意：他强调，春节是中国最重要的传统节日，象征着中国人民对更美好生活的向往、对家国的深厚情感，以及人与自然和谐共生的理念。此处泛指“一种更好的生活”，且better以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假如你是李华，你的英国好友Eric酷爱音乐创作并刚跟你分享了他的新歌“Dancer”，现请你给他写一邮件以表欣赏，内容要点包括： （1）所听及感受； （2）期待更多作品。 注意： （1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Eric, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Li Hua 【答案】Dear Eric, Thank you so much for sharing with me your new song — Dancer. You know, it’s always exciting to witness your creativity coming to life. I’ve just listened to the song and I have to say “I am blown away”. The melody is so catchy, and the lyrics are deeply emotional. I could feel the passion you put into your music. It’s amazing how you manage to convey such strong feelings through your work. Undoubtedly, Dancer is another testimony to your special talent for music composition. Keep up the fantastic work, Eric! And let me know when you have another song ready — I’ll be your biggest fan! Best regards, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求以李华身份写邮件欣赏Eric新歌，表达感受并期待更多作品。 【详解】1.词汇积累 深情的：emotional → sentimental 令人惊叹的：amazing → astonishing 热情：passion → enthusiasm 才能：talent → gift 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Undoubtedly, Dancer is another testimony to your special talent for music composition. 拓展句：There is no doubt that dancer is another testimony to your special talent for music composition. 【点睛】【高分句型1】It’s amazing how you manage to convey such strong feelings through your work.（运用了how引导的主语从句） 【高分句型2】And let me know when you have another song ready — I’ll be your biggest fan!（运用了when引导的时间状语从句） 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It was Christmas again. From the living room window, I watched my younger brother Roy climb out of the driver’s seat. His arrival brought me joy but also that familiar feeling of guilt torturing me every Christmas. The memory went back to the time when we were kids. Our parents had little money, and even at Christmas we expected little. Then one December, after my father’s work injury, an insurance settlement brought an unexpected fortune, which meant the most special Christmas with real presents for the first time in my nine-year-old life. I knew exactly what I wanted: the cowgirl boots from every advertisement. Momma and Daddy put up our first real tree. Brightly wrapped gifts started to appear underneath it. But I only had eyes for a long box with my name on it, just the right size for boots. Every glimpse sent my heart racing. It was the Christmas I’d always dreamed of — until I ruined it. Alone at home one afternoon, I secretly opened the box. Then my heart sank. Inside were no boots. In a desperate, unforgivable anger, I tore into other presents, one after another. Still no boots! That evening, I heard my father yelled: “How could you?” Roy was being blamed. Sadly, he was too young and afraid to say anything for himself. I also stayed silent, too ashamed and afraid to tell even Roy the truth. Then Christmas came, and I couldn’t share my family’s excitement when we sat cross-legged around the tree. “No use pretending you haven’t seen what’s inside,” Daddy said when Roy tore into a gift. I’d ruined Christmas for myself and for Roy, too. For decades, I carried the secret. I never shook a gift box before Christmas, and I feared opening presents with Roy nearby. But years later, that Christmas evening, over after-dinner coffee, I found myself alone with my brother. Now is your chance, I thought. Come clean. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “Roy, I have something to tell you,” I said. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Understandingly, Roy looked at me with a big smile on his face. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Possible answer: “Roy, I have something to tell you,” I said. His eyes met mine, and I saw his concern. “Do you remember that Christmas we got presents because of Dad’s insurance settlement?” Roy frowned as if he had to think hard to remember. “Oh, sure. I haven’t thought about that for ages.” I took a deep breath and let it all out. “I have a confession. I was the one who opened the gifts. I let you take the blame. I’m so sorry. I was afraid of how mad you’d be if I admitted the truth, and as time went on, it only got harder. Can you ever forgive me?” I held my breath, waiting for his reaction. Understandingly, Roy looked at me with a big smile on his face. “We have to admit that fear makes cowards of us all,” he said with a smile, “so it is no big deal but a childhood experience.” He leaned over and hugged me. “I forgive you. You shouldn’t have carried that all these years.” His words echoed in my mind, and the heaviness lifted from my shoulders. I thought the Christmas of the insurance settlement had the potential for being the most special Christmas ever, and truly it was, but in a different way. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，文章讲述圣诞节来临，作者望着弟弟归来，心中满是愧疚。回忆儿时家境贫寒，那年圣诞家中获保险赔偿，她盼着牛仔靴礼物，私拆礼盒发现不是后怒拆其他礼物，弟弟却因此背锅。她因羞愧隐瞒真相，这份秘密折磨了她数十年，多年后终于决定向弟弟坦白。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容““罗伊，我有件事要跟你说。” 我开口道。”可以预测续写这段主要内容：作者向罗伊提起儿时那特殊的圣诞，坦承是自己私拆礼物让他背锅并致歉，内心忐忑等待他的回应。 ②由第二段首句内容“罗伊满脸笑意，眼神里满是理解地望着我。”可以预测续写这段主要内容：罗伊含笑谅解作者，坦言恐惧皆会怯懦，拥抱并宽慰我，他的话让我卸下多年心结，那年圣诞也因此别样特别。 2.续写线索：作者向罗伊道出真相——寻求原谅——罗伊含笑谅解作者——作者卸下多年心结——作者感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①看见：see/spot/catch sight of ②回忆起：remember/recall ③打开：open/unfold 情绪类 ①害怕：fear/dread/scare ②生气的：mad/annoyed/angry 【点睛】[高分句型1] Do you remember that Christmas we got presents because of Dad’s insurance settlement?（运用了that引导的宾语从句） [高分句型2] I was the one who opened the gifts. （运用了who引导的定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 沈阳市回民中学2024级高二下学期期初考试 英语 试卷满分：150分 时间：120分钟 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. What will the speakers do for Bobby? A. Take him to go rock climbing. B. Buy him a pair of sports shoes. C. Increase his pocket money. 2. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. On the phone. B. In the park. C. At the repair shop. 3. What is the woman doing now? A. Watching TV. B. Flying a kite. C. Observing birds. 4. What are the speakers mainly discussing? A. A dance. B. A piece of music. C. A space project. 5. Why did Mr. Harper quit starring in the TV series? A. He is seriously ill. B. He is not satisfied with the pay. C. He needs to attend to a family member. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Which of the following clothes was bought from a second-hand store? A. The black coat. B. The black shirt. C. The purple shirt. 7. What does the woman suggest Mike do with his old clothes in the end? A. Throw them away directly. B. Take them to a clothing store. C. Donate them to a charity. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. Which area is newly included in the updated document? A. England. B. Scotland. C. Wales. 9. What are visitors no longer permitted to do in zoos? A. Touch sea animals. B. Feed birds. C. Feed elephants. 10. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Colleagues. B. Husband and wife. C. Zookeeper and visitor. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. What did David just finish checking? A. The track. B. The awards area. C. The sound system. 12. Where is the medical station located? A. Near the finish line. B. Beside the awards table. C. Next to the long jump area. 13. What is Mr. Evans doing? A. Testing the microphone. B. Preparing bottled water. C. Adjusting the high jump bar. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14. How did Ava contribute to charity? A. She challenged herself to cycle 57 miles. B. She gave the elderly encouraging notes. C. She organized a litter-picking project. 15. Which school won the Kind School Award? A. Newland House School. B. Lincolnshire Primary School. C. East Hunsbury Primary School. 16. What prize will Miss Jo receive? A. A picnic table. B. A£50 gift card. C. 6-year membership of a magazine. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What percentage of American AI users show politeness to AI search engines? A. About 25%. B. About 33%. C. About 67%. 18. What were participants in the second group asked to do in the experiment? A. List things they were grateful for. B. Record their daily problems. C. Keep a regular journal. 19. Who wrote the book The How of Happiness? A. Robert Emmons. B. Sonja Lyubomirsky. C. Michael McCullough. 20. What is the speaker’s attitude towards being polite to AI? A. Favorable. B. Critical. C. Uncertain. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Institute of Psychology (心理研究所) 1141 Cumberland Avenue Pittsburgh June 12th Volunteers are wanted for a study trying to find out the effect of aging on cognition (认知). Everyone’s cognition is characterised by “thinking styles”. Recent research has shown that older people use different thinking styles than younger people. The aim of this study is to investigate what these differences are, and to discover what are responsible for these differences. People from adult age groups will take part in the study. We are particularly eager to attract people between50 and 70, and especially men of this age, because usually fewer people in this group volunteer. If you choose to take part, you will be asked to complete a set of questionnaires and take an assessment at the institute. The assessment takes about 60 minutes, and includes computer and pen-and-paper puzzles (智力游戏) and tasks. For this, you can schedule a time that suits you. Volunteers will be repaid $40 for their time. If you think you might be interested in this project, we would like to hear from you. Contact Kylie Riordan at kylie-r@ google.com or on 302-555-6773. Dear Kylie, I would like to take part in your study. I took part in another cognition study at your institute six weeks ago, so I have some ideas of the kind of things I need to do. However, since it is now mid-September, you may have finished your study. If you do want me, I’m free on most weekends. I also want to know if you’ll pay travel costs. In the last study, they did not, but they said they were thinking of doing so in the future. If I take the train, it’ll cost me $5. Looking forward to hearing from you Yours, Melody cranberry 1 What is the study mainly about? A. Why people age. B. Why older people dislike volunteering. C. What determines people’s thinking styles. D. What effect aging has on cognition. 2. What are volunteers required to do? A. Pass a health assessment. B. Fill out some questionnaires. C. Pay $40 for the test. D. Visit the institute at the appointed time. 3. What can we learn about Melody? A. She had experience in cognition study. B. She was unsatisfied with her last study. C. She was usually unavailable on weekends. D. She wanted to get her travel fee back. B Many people confuse hard-working people with workaholics (工作狂). How could a person tell that he/ she is a workaholic? A workaholic works long hours, at the expense of personal relationships and health. When not working, they’re thinking about work. Work influences their mood: When work is going well, they’re up; when work is going less well, they’re down. Working, or simply being busy, can be a hard habit to break. When workaholics aren’t busy working — or doing something to promote their work — they feel anxious and guilty. They hang onto jobs for dear life and do everything they can to make sure they’re essential. There is a link between health problems and workaholism. Just because work itself is a respectable pursuit doesn’t mean that an addiction to it is any less damaging than other sorts of addictions. A number of studies show that workaholism has been associated with a wide range of health problems such as anxiety and heart disease. Besides health problems, being a workaholic brings other negative effects as well. A study published in the American Journal of Family Therapy found that working too much negatively influenced an employee’s marriage. This isn’t surprising, since if you’re married to your work it can be difficult to be married to anything or anyone else. There have also been studies looking at the influence of workaholic parents on their children and the news isn’t good. Adult children of workaholic fathers experienced more depression and anxiety and a weaker sense of self. However, there are also many positive aspects to working hard and to an increasing devotion to career. Hard work can bring great rewards. For many, it’s how they develop feelings of self-worth, confidence and purpose. If you have a workaholic in your life you might point out the things he or she is missing out on while at work, whether it’s a child’s soccer game, a good book, or a yoga class. Seek to understand why the person feels the need to work so much and support them in finding a solution. 4. What can we learn about workaholics from paragraph 1? A. They put work in the first place. B. They can balance life and work well. C. They are under pressure from work. D. They win respect from their workmates. 5. What are paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly about? A. Reasons for being workaholics. B. Ways to deal with work addiction. C. The potential harm of workaholism. D. The difference between hard-working people and workaholics. 6. What can we do to help workaholics in life? A. Force them to join in family activities. B. Reward them for their hard work. C. Help them find self-worth and confidence. D. Try to understand and support them. 7. What is the author’s attitude toward working hard? A. Doubtful. B. Objective. C. Negative. D. Curious. C Beneath the forest floor lies an intricate hidden world that scientists are only beginning to understand. This isn’t a world of roots and dirt, but a vast, interconnected network of fungus (真菌). Known as mycelium (菌丝体), these thread-like structures form symbiotic (共生) relationships with trees, creating what has been dubbed the “Wood Wide Web.” For decades, ecologists viewed trees as solitary individuals competing for sunlight and soil resources. However, groundbreaking research by scientists like Suzanne Simard has revealed a much more complex reality. Through the mycelium, trees are able to exchange nutrients, water, and even chemical signals with one another. A dying tree, for instance, might offload its remaining carbon reserves through the fungal network to its younger neighbors, giving them a survival boost. Conversely, a tree under attack by insects can send out warning signals through the network, prompting nearby trees to produce defense chemicals. This discovery has fundamentally shifted our understanding of forest ecosystems. Forests are not simply collections of individual trees; they are super-organisms. The fungal network acts as a central nervous system, connecting the whole community. Older, larger trees, often called “hub trees” or “mother trees,” serve as the central nodes of this network, with hundreds of connections to other trees. When a mother tree is damaged or logged, it can disrupt the flow of resources and information to the younger trees it supports, weakening the resilience of the entire forest. The implications of this research extend beyond ecology. Some technologists are now looking at mycelium networks as a source of inspiration for designing more resilient and efficient communication networks. Unlike our current centralized internet, which can be vulnerable to targeted attacks, a fungal-style network is decentralized. If one connection fails, information can simply reroute through countless other pathways. By mimicking nature’s time-tested designs, we might be able to build a better, stronger internet. In essence, the “Wood Wide Web” reminds us that nature often operates on principles of cooperation and interdependence, rather than just survival of the fittest. As we face global challenges like climate change and cybersecurity threats, looking to the wisdom beneath our feet might be a surprisingly fruitful approach. 8. What did ecologists traditionally believe about trees? A. They communicated through fungus. B. They existed as independent competitors. C. They formed super-organisms with fungus. D. They shared resources for mutual benefits. 9. How does the “mother tree” function within the forest network? A. It absorbs nutrients only for its own growth. B. It competes with younger trees for sunlight. C. It acts as a central hub for resource distribution. D. It sends warning signals to insects attacking it. 10. Why do technologists find mycelium networks inspiring? A. Because they are faster than modern computers. B. Because they are centralized and easy to control. C. Because they demonstrate a decentralized structure. D. Because they can survive without any connections. 11. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce a new discovery about forest communication. B. To argue against the theory of survival of the fittest. C. To explain how to build a better internet network. D. To compare tree roots with fungal threads. D The wisdom of the crowd is a phenomenon where the average estimate of a group of individuals often turns out to be more accurate than that of any single expert. However, a new study suggests that this collective intelligence can be significantly enhanced by a simple adjustment: allowing the crowd to talk. Researchers from the University of Chicago and the University of California, Berkeley, conducted an experiment to test the power of structured discussion. They gathered participants and asked them to estimate facts, such as the number of murders in Chicago last year or the population of Illinois. First, individuals made their own anonymous guesses. Then, they were divided into small groups to discuss the questions and agree on a shared estimate. Finally, after the discussion, the individuals were again asked to provide their own personal, private estimates. The results, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, were striking. The researchers found that the “average of the averages” generated by the small discussion groups was significantly more accurate than the average of all the initial individual estimates. The discussion seemed to iron out extreme errors and distill a more accurate collective judgement. Why does this work? When people discuss, they share information and arguments. A person with a wildly inaccurate guess might be persuaded by the group’s collective reasoning to adjust their view. Conversely, someone with a partially correct insight can share it, influencing the group’s final answer. This social learning process corrects individual biases. “The group discussion allows people to realize, ‘Oh, I didn’t think of that factor,’” explained one of the lead researchers. “They are pooling their cognitive resources.” Interestingly, the benefits of discussion didn’t stop with the group’s consensus. Even after the conversation ended, when individuals revised their own private estimates, these revised guesses were also more accurate than their original ones. The knowledge gained during the discussion stuck with them, leading to a lasting improvement in their individual judgment. This finding challenges the traditional view of the “wisdom of the crowds,” which typically relies on independent, non-social estimates. It suggests that a little bit of conversation can go a long way in making us all a little bit wiser. 12. What is the traditional view of the “wisdom of the crowds”? A. It requires participants to be experts. B. It is based on independent and isolated judgments. C. It is less accurate than the estimate of a single expert. D It works best when crowds are divided into small groups. 13. How was the experiment conducted to test the effect of discussion? A. By comparing individual guessed with group-informed estimates. B. By asking groups to compete against each other for accuracy. C. By having experts evaluate the accuracy of group estimates. D. By analyzing the decision-making process in real-life juries. 14. What does the underlined word “distill” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. To confuse. B. To complicate. C. To extract the best. D. To ignore the details. 15. What can be concluded from the last paragraph about the effect of discussion? A. It only improves the accuracy of the group consensus. B. It has a lasting positive impact on individual judgment. C. It makes individuals doubt their original knowledge permanently. D. It proves that traditional wisdom of crowds is completely wrong. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Give Back to the Community: Simple Acts Make a Difference Volunteering is a great way to make a positive impact on the world around us. Not only does it provide an opportunity to help others, but it allows us to connect with our community and create meaningful relationships with those we serve. ____16____. Here are some tips to help you find your passion and get involved in your community. Explore your interests ____17____. There are countless volunteer opportunities in every community, so finding something that matches your interests can make the experience more fulfilling. Consider your skills and experience, as well as your hobbies and personal values. Research local organizations Look for local organizations that match your interests and values. Research their mission statement, programs, and volunteer opportunities to find a good fit. Attend events or meetings to learn more about the organization. ____18____. Check with your local community center or volunteer center for a directory of volunteer opportunities. ____19____. You don’t have to commit to a long-term volunteer project right away. Start with a minor project or event to get a feel for the organization and their mission. This can also help you determine what type of volunteer work you enjoy and what you want to do more of in the future. Be consistent Consistency is key when it comes to volunteering. Find an opportunity that fits your schedule and commit to it on a regular basis. It can help the organization plan and manage their resources. ____20____. A. Start small B. Commit fully C. Discover what work they do in the community D. Think about your passions and the causes you care about E. We can investigate the organizations to make sure they are attractive F. And it can also help you build relationships with the people you serve G. Finding the right volunteer opportunity can be the first step in making a difference. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Borneo is home to some of the most extraordinary wildlife. Several years ago, I decided to go there for a visit. A local person offered to be my guide, which was a great ____21____ for me. One day, my guide turned off the smooth road and took me across a rough hillside instead. We picked our way carefully when ____22____ a charming flower popped into my view among those stones. Oh, dear! More than ____23____, I bent down and put my nose practically inside the flower’s core. ____24____, to my surprise, it was only one of the ____25____ during the trip. As I____26____ the end of my trip, there was still something I had yet to see. We planned to ____27____ the most feared creature there, the saltwater crocodile, which can grow to a ____28____ of six metres or more. When we shone a flashlight towards the muddy shore, little sounds ____29____ in the darkness as if something unseen underwater had broken the _____30_____. Taking a second look, we spotted two greedy _____31_____ just above the water line. As we drew near, it moved and we saw clearly it was a crocodile. With great _____32_____, we neared it and finally could _____33_____ its true dimensions. It was a baby-no more than 0.6 meter long. Aha, whatever, I could now report to the folks back home, who had never been to Borneo, that I had _____34_____ a hungry crocodile in the wild and lived to tell the tale. The world out there is so _____35_____. Why not step outdoors and enjoy the wonders nature offers to you? 21. A. award B. bonus C. reward D. salary 22. A. suddenly B. literally C. definitely D. intimately 23. A. alarmed B. concerned C. pleased D. upset 24. A. Nevertheless B. Besides C. Instead D. Therefore 25. A. desires B. motivations C. highlights D. destinations 26. A. summarized B. approached C. valued D. suspected 27. A. hold onto B. pick up C. reflect on D. hunt for 28. A. width B. size C. height D. length 29. A. emerged B. paused C. continued D. declined 30. A. mud B. surface C. ground D. shore 31. A. legs B. mouths C. eyes D. teeth 32. A. caution B. envy C. ease D. annoyance 33. A. give out B. make out C. turn out D. let out 34. A. challenged B. chased C. terrified D. encountered 35. A. astonishing B. heartbreaking C. fascinating D. educational 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The UNESCO on Wednesday inscribed Spring Festival, social practices of the Chinese people in celebration of the traditional new year, on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The decision ____36____ (make) during the 19th session of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, taking place in Paraguay from Dec.2 to 7. The committee recognized the festival for ____37____ (it) wide array of rituals (仪式) ____38____ unique cultural elements that engage all of Chinese society. UNESCO highlighted that the Spring Festival,____39____ (mark) the start of the traditional Chinese Lunar New Year, involves various social practices, including prayers for good fortune and family reunions. It also ____40____ (feature) activities planned by elders and festive public events organized by communities. According to UNESCO’s documentation, the knowledge and customs ____41____ (associate) with the Spring Festival are passed ____42____ informally within families and communities, as well as formally through the education system. China’s vice minister of Culture and Tourism, Rao Quan, ____43____ led the Chinese delegation at the UNESCO session, expressed gratitude for the ____44____ (recognize). He stressed that the Spring Festival is China’s most important traditional holiday, symbolizing the Chinese people’s hopes for ____45____ better life, strong ties to family and country, and the values of harmony between humans and nature. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假如你是李华，你的英国好友Eric酷爱音乐创作并刚跟你分享了他的新歌“Dancer”，现请你给他写一邮件以表欣赏，内容要点包括： （1）所听及感受； （2）期待更多作品。 注意： （1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Eric, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It was Christmas again. From the living room window, I watched my younger brother Roy climb out of the driver’s seat. His arrival brought me joy but also that familiar feeling of guilt torturing me every Christmas. The memory went back to the time when we were kids. Our parents had little money, and even at Christmas we expected little. Then one December, after my father’s work injury, an insurance settlement brought an unexpected fortune, which meant the most special Christmas with real presents for the first time in my nine-year-old life. I knew exactly what I wanted: the cowgirl boots from every advertisement. Momma and Daddy put up our first real tree. Brightly wrapped gifts started to appear underneath it. But I only had eyes for a long box with my name on it, just the right size for boots. Every glimpse sent my heart racing. It was the Christmas I’d always dreamed of — until I ruined it. Alone at home one afternoon, I secretly opened the box. Then my heart sank. Inside were no boots. In a desperate, unforgivable anger, I tore into other presents, one after another. Still no boots! That evening, I heard my father yelled: “How could you?” Roy was being blamed. Sadly, he was too young and afraid to say anything for himself. I also stayed silent, too ashamed and afraid to tell even Roy the truth. Then Christmas came, and I couldn’t share my family’s excitement when we sat cross-legged around the tree. “No use pretending you haven’t seen what’s inside,” Daddy said when Roy tore into a gift. I’d ruined Christmas for myself and for Roy, too. For decades, I carried the secret. I never shook a gift box before Christmas, and I feared opening presents with Roy nearby. But years later, that Christmas evening, over after-dinner coffee, I found myself alone with my brother. Now is your chance, I thought. Come clean. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “Roy, I have something to tell you,” I said. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Understandingly, Roy looked at me with a big smile on his face. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $