Unit8语法讲解及习题：过去进行时（was/were doing）与 when/while2025-2026学年沪外教版英语七年级下册

沪外教英语七下Unit8语法讲解及习题 过去进行时（was/were doing）与 when/while 一、核心语法讲解 本单元核心语法为过去进行时（Past continuous） 及时间连词 when/while 的用法，贴合“成功之路、挑战与坚持”话题，用于描述过去某一时刻/时段正在进行的动作，以及两个过去动作的同时发生或先后衔接，具体解析如下： （一）核心语法1：过去进行时（was/were doing） 1. 核心定义与结构 定义：表示过去某一具体时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常与具体时间点、时段或背景动作结合。 结构：was/were + 动词-ing形式 主语为单数（I/he/she/it）：用 was 主语为复数（we/you/they）：用 were 否定式：was/were + not + 动词-ing（wasn’t/weren’t doing） 疑问式：Was/Were + 主语 + 动词-ing? 2. 动词-ing变化规则（同现在进行时） 变化类型 规则 例词 一般情况 直接加-ing practise → practising, explain → explaining 以不发音e结尾 去e加-ing hope → hoping, face → facing 重读闭音节（元+辅结尾） 双写末尾辅音加-ing swim → swimming, push → pushing 以ie结尾 变ie为y加-ing lie → lying, die → dying 3. 核心用法与例句 用法 标志词 例句 过去某具体时刻正在进行的动作 at 8:00 yesterday, at that time, when + 短暂动作 At 20:10 last night, Xiaoming was reading the story Sink or Swim.（昨晚20:10，小明正在读《沉浮》的故事。） 过去某一段时间持续进行的动作 all morning, the whole day, while + 持续动作 He was practising maths problems all weekend to improve his grade.（他整个周末都在练数学题，想要提高成绩。） 过去的背景动作（为另一个动作提供场景） when/while Jiajia’s heart was beating fast when she stepped into the swimming pool.（佳佳踏入泳池时，心跳得很快。） （二）核心语法2：when 与 while 的用法辨析（核心考点） 二者均引导时间状语从句，用于连接两个过去的动作，核心区别在于动作的持续性和时态搭配，结合本单元“成功路上的动作衔接”场景，具体解析如下： 连词 接的动作类型 常用时态搭配 例句 when 短动作（瞬间完成） 或 长动作（持续进行） 短动作：一般过去时 长动作：过去进行时 1. When the swimming team won first place, we were watching the match.（当游泳队夺冠时，我们正在看比赛。） 2. I was going to a competition when I stayed in Guangzhou.（我在广州时，准备去参加一个比赛。） while 长动作（持续进行，必须接进行时） 从句：过去进行时 主句：过去进行时/一般过去时 1. Jiajia felt scared while she was learning to swim.（佳佳学游泳时，感到很害怕。） 2. While he was checking his notes, the teacher explained difficult ideas to him.（他在看笔记时，老师给他讲解了难题。） 核心口诀 when 接短动作，时态可普可进行；while 接长动作，时态必须是进行。 长对长用 while，短对长用 when；主长从短用 when，主短从长用 while。 （三）核心易错点 1. 过去进行时 vs 一般过去时 过去进行时：强调动作正在进行（未完成）→ He was reading at 9:00.（9点时他正在读，没读完） 一般过去时：强调动作完成→ He read a book yesterday.（昨天他读了一本书，读完了） 2. while 从句的谓语动词 while 后不能接短暂性动词（如 join, find, stop），只能接持续性动词的-ing形式。 ❌ 错误：While he joined the club, he met his coach. ✅ 正确：When he joined the club, he met his coach. 二、语法习题 题型一：动词形式填空 1. At 7:00 yesterday evening, I _____________ (practise) swimming in the pool. 2. They _____________ (not do) their homework when the teacher came in. 3. —What _____________ you _____________ (do) at that time? —I _____________ (listen) to a podcast about success. 4. His parents _____________ (watch) TV while he _____________ (study) for the exam. 5. The girl _____________ (not push) forwards when her lungs started burning. 6. We _____________ (make) a poster about a successful person all morning. 7. When I called him, he _____________ (check) his class notes carefully. 8. Jiajia _____________ (feel) nervous while she _____________ (step) into the water. 9. The teacher _____________ (explain) a difficult problem when I arrived. 10. They _____________ (talk) about the factors of success when the bell rang. 题型二：when/while 选词填空 1. _____________ I was waiting for the bus, I met my old friend. 2. I was practising public speaking _____________ it started to rain heavily. 3. _____________ he finished the race, everyone cheered for him. 4. She was overcoming her fear _____________ she was learning to swim. 5. _____________ the teacher found him, he was sitting outside alone. 6. We were discussing the road to success _____________ the phone rang. 7. He kept trying _____________ he failed many times. 8. _____________ I was climbing the rock wall, my hands started to hurt. 9. The boy was solving a maths problem _____________ his classmate asked for help. 10. _____________ the sun rose, they continued their training. 题型三：单项选择 1. —What were you doing at 8:00 last night? —I _____________ a story about success. A. read B. was reading C. am reading D. will read 2. We _____________ the match when our team won the first place. A. watch B. were watching C. watched D. are watching 3. Jiajia was scared of water _____________ she was learning to swim. A. when B. while C. because D. so 4. — _____________ did you feel when you overcame your fear? —Happy and free. A. What B. How C. When D. Why 5. When the bell rang, the students _____________ their homework. A. do B. were doing C. did D. are doing 6. While he _____________ hard all term, his maths grade improved a lot. A. works B. worked C. was working D. is working 7. —Where was Tom? —He _____________ in the library when I saw him. A. studies B. studied C. was studying D. is studying 8. She stepped into the water _____________ her heart was beating fast. A. when B. while C. if D. although 题型四：单句改错（每句1处错误） 1. He were practising swimming when he felt tired. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. While I joined the swimming club, I made many friends. _____________________________________________________________________ 3. At 9:00 yesterday, she reads a book about successful people. _____________________________________________________________________ 4. They was not watching the race when the winner crossed the line. _____________________________________________________________________ 题型五：完成句子 1. 当他遇到数学难题时，他正在查阅课堂笔记。 _____________ he had a maths problem, he _____________ _____________ his class notes. 2. 佳佳学游泳时，恐惧逐渐消失了。 _____________ Jiajia _____________ _____________ to swim, her fear started to disappear little by little. 三、习题答案与解析 题型一：动词形式填空 1. was practising（解析：at 7:00 yesterday evening 表过去具体时刻，主语I用was） 2. weren’t doing（解析：when引导短动作，主句用过去进行时的否定，主语they用weren’t） 3. were; doing; was listening（解析：at that time表过去时刻，疑问句用were，答句主语I用was） 4. were watching; was studying（解析：while连接两个同时进行的长动作，主语分别为复数/单数，对应were/was） 5. wasn’t pushing（解析：when引导短动作，主句用过去进行时否定，主语the girl用wasn’t） 6. were making（解析：all morning表过去持续时段，主语we用were） 7. was checking（解析：when引导短动作，主句用过去进行时，主语he用was） 8. was feeling; was stepping（解析：while连接两个同时进行的长动作，主语均为Jiajia，用was） 9. was explaining（解析：when引导短动作，主句用过去进行时，主语the teacher用was） 10. were talking（解析：when引导短动作，主句用过去进行时，主语they用were） 题型二：when/while 选词填空 1. While（解析：后接长动作was waiting，用while） 2. when（解析：后接短动作started to rain，用when） 3. When（解析：后接短动作finished the race，用when） 4. while（解析：后接长动作was learning，用while） 5. When（解析：后接短动作found him，用when） 6. when（解析：后接短动作rang，用when） 7. while（解析：后接长动作failed（此处表持续的失败状态），用while） 8. While（解析：后接长动作was climbing，用while） 9. when（解析：后接短动作asked，用when） 10. When（解析：后接短动作rose，用when） 题型三：单项选择 1. B（解析：at 8:00 last night 表过去具体时刻，用过去进行时） 2. B（解析：when引导短动作won，主句用过去进行时表背景动作） 3. B（解析：后接长动作was learning，用while表“在……期间”） 4. B（解析：询问感受，用How，贴合“成功路上的情绪”话题） 5. B（解析：when引导短动作rang，主句用过去进行时表正在做的动作） 6. C（解析：while后接长动作，用过去进行时，表“整个学期一直在努力”） 7. C（解析：when引导短动作saw，主句用过去进行时表当时的状态） 8. B（解析：后接长动作was beating，用while表同时进行） 题型四：单句改错 1. were → was（解析：主语he是单数，过去进行时用was，不能用were） 2. While → When（解析：joined是短暂性动词，不能用while引导，改为when） 3. reads → was reading（解析：At 9:00 yesterday 表过去具体时刻，用过去进行时） 4. was → were（解析：主语they是复数，过去进行时否定用weren’t，不能用wasn’t） 题型五：完成句子 1. When; was checking 2. While; was learning ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $