Unit2 Section B 讲义2025-2026学年人教版英语七年级下册

英语学科教师辅导讲义 学员姓名： 科目：英语 授课日期及时段 年 月 日 教学内容 ( T—七下Unit 2 No Rules, No Order ) Section B 词形百变 1. unhappy (adj.) 不快乐的→__________ (adv.) 不快乐地→__________(adj.) 快乐的 2. awful (adj.) 糟糕的；讨厌的→___________(adv.) 可怕地；非常 3. person (n.) 人→________ (adj.) 个人的；私密的 4. build (v.) 创建；建造→____________(n.) 建筑物→___________(n.)身材→___________ v.（过去式） 5. relax (v.) 放松；休息→___________(adj.) 放松的；舒适的→___________(adj.) 令人放松的 6. advice (n.) 建议；意见→__________ (v.) 建议 7. understand (v.) 理解；领会→___________ (adj.) 有理解力的；有洞察力的 8. untidy (adj.) 不整洁的→___________ (adj.) 整洁的 必背短语 1. make sb’s / the bed 整理床铺；铺床 2. either…or… 要么…要么… 3. practice doing sth. 练习做某事 4. hang out with sb. 和某人一起闲逛 5. focus on… 集中注意于… 6. think about 思考；考虑 7. give sb. some advice on sth. 就某事给某人建议 8. advise doing sth. 建议做某事 9. advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 10. take one’s advice 听从某人的建议 11. be unhappy with 对···不满意的 【知识点讲解】 1. I have to hurry to school because I can’t be late for school. 【用法详解】 hurry v. “赶紧，匆忙”；hurry n. “赶紧、匆忙”。 【常用词组】hurry to do sth. 匆忙做某事 hurry to+地方 匆忙去某地 in a hurry 匆忙；急切 hurry up 快点、赶快 例：I go to school in a hurry without having breakfast. 【典例】1. —You’re ________. Where are you going? —To the bus station. The bus is leaving very soon. A．in the end B．in fact C．in a hurry D．in public 2. ________! Our parents are waiting for us at the school gate. A．Stand up B．Hurry up C．Pick up D．Look up 【答案】CB 2. But they can help you to become a better person. 【用法详解】 ①become〔连系动词〕“变成；成为”，后接名词或形容词作表语，其过去式为became. 例：She becomes very happy when she gets the gift. I want to become a doctor when I grow up. ②better adj. & adv. “更好的/地；较好的/地”，是good或well的比较级 例：This picture is very good, but that one is better. Tom sings very well, but Jim sings even better. 3. I know it’s hard, but rules can help to make the world better. 【用法详解】 ①hard adj. “困难的”，相当于difficult；也可译为“坚固的、结实的、努力的、猛烈的” 例：It’s hard for me to work out the problem. 【拓展】hard 与hardly 区别 hard也可为副词，译为“努力地、猛烈地”。 hardly意思是“几乎不”，表“否定”含义。 例：It's raining hard now，I can hardly go out. 现在正在下大雨,我几乎不能出去。 ②make在此处为动词，译为“使成为”，也可译为“制作” 例：make a cake 做蛋糕 【常见用法】make sb. do sth. “使某人做某事” The story make me cry. make sb./sth. + 形容词 “使某人/某事处于某种状态” The story makes me happy. make sb./sth. + 名词 “使某人成为…” We made him our monitor. 【典例】1. My mum makes me ________ my room at once. A．to clean B．cleaning C．to cleaning D．clean 2．There is a big window in the living room, and it makes the room very ________. A．dark B．bright C．small D．dirty 【答案】DB 4. You can also think about the things you can do! 你也可以想想你能做的事情！ 【用法详解】 think about“思考；考虑”；about是介词，其后可跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。 例：I am thinking about what to eat for lunch. 我在考虑午饭吃什么。 I'm thinking about going to Beijing. 我正在考虑去北京。 【拓展】think of与think about 意为“考虑；对…有某种看法”时，可以互换。think of还可意为“想起” 例：What do you think of/about the book? She had to think of the poor grandmother. 5. Don’t fight with your classmates.不要和你的同学打架。 【用法详解】 fight v. 打架；战斗；过去式“fought”，fight也可作名词，译为“打架” 【固定词组】fight with sb. 和某人打架 fight against sb. 和某人作战 fight for... 为...而斗争 例：My grandfather fought against the Fascists in Spain. 我的祖父在西班牙与法西斯作战。 They are fighting for the peace. 他们正在为和平而战。 【语法讲解】 语法1——祈使句 一、定义 用于表达请求、命令、建议、禁止等的句子叫祈使句。祈使句一般省略主语。句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。肯定结构常以动词原形开头。 例：Go and wash your hands.（命令） Be quiet, please.（请求） Practice the guitar every day. 每天练习吉他。（劝告） 【补充】 （1）有时将主语you表示出来是为了加强语气或表示“不高兴”、“厌烦”、“鄙视”等情绪。 例：You, get out of here! 你，从这里出去！ （2）表示礼貌，常在句首或句末加please 例：Please stand up. 或 Stand up, please. 二、句型 类型 句型结构 示例 Do型 （表示行为的动词原形） 肯定：动词原型＋其他 Open the door! Sit down! 否定：Don’t＋动词原型＋其他 Don’t open the door! Don’t eat in classroom! Be型 肯定：Be＋adj. Be quiet! Be careful! 否定：Don’t＋be ＋adj. Don’t be quiet! Don’t be late! let型 肯定：let sb. do sth. Let me help you. 否定：Don’t let sb do sth. / Let sb. not do sth. Don’t let him go. Let him not go. 【注意】表示禁止，常用于标语的否定祈使句：No doing! / No＋可数名词复数/不可数名词！ No smoking! = Don’t smoke! No photos! = Don’t take photos! 【典例】 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. ________ (open) the door, Sara. 2. ________ (not be) late for our family dinner. 3. No ________ (talk) in the library! 4. Please ________ (not play) computer games so much, Jim! 5. Be ________ (care)! The knife may hurt you. 6. —Tom, （not）draw on the wall. —Sorry, I won't do it again. 7. Mary, let's______ (go) home now. 8. —May I take some pictures here? —Sorry, you mustn't. Please look at the sign. It says “No,______(photo)”. 9. Boys and girls, ________ (be) quiet! Class begins! 10. Let him_________ (not) open the door. It's too cold. 【答案】1. Open 2. Don’t be 3. talking 4. don’t play 5. careful 6.don't 7.go 8.photos 9.be 10.not 语法2——情态动词can/must/have to 用法：情态动词不能单独作谓语动词，必须和动词原形一起构成谓语。 一、can的用法 can作为情态动词，意为＂能；会＂，表示某人或某物具备的能力，还可用来提出请求，没有人称和数的变化，后面直接接动词原形。下面来看一下它的具体用法。 1. 表示有能力做某事，意为＂能；会＂。有时可与“be able to do sth.”互换。 I can speak English.我会讲英语。来 2. 表示许可，意为＂可以＂，是may在非正式场合的替代词，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。否定形式cannot (can't)意为“不能，不可以”，语气比must not(mustn't)弱。 You can sit here.你可以坐在这儿。 You can't put the sugar first. 你不能先放糖。(没有禁止的含义) 3. 情态动词can表示推测，意为＂可能＂，常用语否定句、疑问句中。 It can’t be a cat. It has a short tail. 它不可能是猫，它有一个短尾巴。 【拓展】一般情况下，以can开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用can，否定回答用can't。 例：—Can I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗? —Yes, you can. 是的,你可以。 —No, you can't. 不,你不可以。 二、must的用法 1. must表示主观义务，意思是＂应该，必须＂，其否定式mustn’t，表示禁止，意为＂不应该，不准＂，是强有力的劝告或命令。 例：We must get there before five o’clock. You mustn’t break the rules. Must I pay now? 【拓展】由must引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn't/don't have to,表示“不必,没有必要” —Must I stay here after school? —Yes, you must. —No, you needn’t / don’t have to. 2. must表示推测，意为“一定，必定”，(只用于肯定句中)。 He must be our headmaster. 3、 have to的用法 表示客观要求，意为“不得不；必须”；指除此之外，别无选择。使用have to应注意以下几点： （1）have to后接动词原形，意为＂必须做……；不得不做……＂。 We have no food home, you have to go and get some, Tom. （2）have to 有人称、数和时态的变化，其第三人称单数形式为has to。 She has to help her mom make dinner. There’s no bus here, so we had to walk home. （3）含有have to, has to的句子需分别借助动词do, does构成疑问句或否定句。 Do they have to go now? You don’t have to go if you don’t want to. 【辨析】must与have to 区别 例句 must侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务去做某事； have to侧重于客观需要，含有“不得不”之意。 You must be back before 10 o'clock. (叮嘱或命令) You have to be back before 10 o'clock because the train is to leave at 10:05. (客观需要) 否定形式不同 You mustn't say things like that. 你千万别说那样的话。 You don't have to say things like that. 你不必说那样的话。 must没有人称、时态和数的变化，而have to有。 The old man has to live alone because his son works in another city. 【典例】 一、填空 1. I ________ (can) play basketball with you. I have too much homework to do. 2. —Can your parents ________ (speak) English? —Yes, they can. 3. You can ________ (swim) in the swimming pool with your friends at the weekend. 4. Slow down, please. You ________ (must) ride so fast in the streets. 5. We have to ________ (put) on our seat belts when we’re in a car. 【答案】1. can’t 2. speak 3. swim 4. mustn’t 5. put 二、根据句意，用must或have to填空。 1. Jim, you ________ wear your clothes by yourself every morning. 2. —______ I read the book in the reading room? —No, you don’t ______. 3. There is no bus now. I ______ go back home on foot. 4. —Must I finish my homework today? —Yes, you ______. 5. —Mum, can I get up late at the weekend? —Sure. You don’t ______ get up early. 【答案】1. must 2. Must;have to 3. have to 4. must 5. have to ( C : 题型练习 ) 一、根据句意及首字母提示填写单词。 1. I feel _____________ (糟糕的) today. I don't want to go to the music club. 2. My cousin wants to b___________ a vet(兽医) when she grows up. 3. Teamwork shows the s__________ of our class. 4. My dad plans to ________ (建造) a small bookshelf in my bedroom. 5. My brother __________ (练习) basketball for an hour every afternoon. 6. I can't ________ (理解) this math problem. Can you help me? 7. Jack is an excellent p____________. We all like to study with him. 8. P____________ makes perfect. 9. I hope to speak English __________ (更好地) this term. 10. You can r________ yourself by listening to soft music after work. 11. Your a_________ is helpful. I'll follow it to solve the problem. 12. If you are too busy on w________, you can relax at home on weekends. 13. Sam can't sing. He can't dance e___________. 【答案】terrible; become; spirit; build; practices; understand; person; Practice; better; relax; advice; weekdays; either 二、单项选择 1. My bike is broken, ________ I ________ buy a new one. A．or; must B．or; have to C．so; must D．so; have to 2. There will be a test soon, so the students have to practice _________ basketball more. A．playing B．to play C．play D．plays 3. — Let’s ________ to the movies! — I’m sorry. I must finish ________ my homework first. A．go; do B．going; doing C．go; doing D．going; do 4. __________ good care of your pet, or it will get sick. A．Take B．To take C．Taking D．Took 5. —Hi, Gao Jing! I’m so happy ________ you. —Me too. Come in and ________ my parents. A．see; to meet B．to see; to meet C．seeing; meet D．to see; meet 6. Frank ________ be interested in Chinese folk music, for he has spent 20 years studying it. A．must B．mustn’t C．could D．couldn’t 7. —Must I clean the pigsty(猪舍) now? — ________. You can do it later. A．Yes, you need B．No, you needn’t C．Yes, you must D．No, you mustn’t 8. He ________ go to the market himself because he can buy things online. A．have to B．has to C．don’t have to D．doesn’t have to 9. —I want to improve my English. What's your ____? —You can read English stories every day. A. news B. advice C. help D. information 10. —Why is Tom so ____? —Because he lost his new notebook. A. awful B. absent C. unhappy D. playful 11. I can't play the guitar, and I can't play the piano ____. A. either B. too C. also D. only 12. —How do you usually ____ yourself on weekends? —I often go to the park with my family. A. feed B. relax C. wish D. take 13. You can't watch TV now. You need to ____ on your homework. A. look after B. pick up C. focus D. look for 14. We must ____ home before 9:00 p.m. on school nights. A. leave B. arrive C. change D. notice 15. Our parents say these rules are ____ because they help us grow. A. boring B. important C. dangerous D. scary 16. We should get ____ well with our classmates. A. in B. on C. at D. for 17. Alice feels unhappy because there are __________ rules in her life. A. too much B. too many C. much too D. many too 18. The _______ activity makes lots of people _________ when they are tired. A. relaxing; relaxing B. relaxing; relaxed C. relaxed; relaxed D. relaxed; relaxing 【答案】DACAD ABDBC ABCBB BBB 三、用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空 follow advice happy tidy good help 1. I'm now __________ after I drink some coffee. 2. It can be difficult __________ many rules. 3. Could you give me some_________ about it? 4. Lisa's books are here and there. Her room is _________. 5. These rules are very __________ in making our world a better place. 6. If you feel you can listen to __________ music. 【答案】better; to follow; advice; untidy; helpful; happy 四、单句语法填空 1. Tommy can't go shopping with his mother, so he is __________ (happy). 2. I think you can know the school rules much _________ (well). 3. Can you give me some _________ (advice) on how to learn music well? 4. The room is so __________ (tidy). Please clean it. 5. After doing his homework, David often ________ (relax) with his friends. 6. The teacher asks us to focus on ___________ (listen) carefully in class. 7. My English teacher tells me to practice __________ (speak) every day. 【答案】unhappy; better; advice; untidy; relaxes; listening; speaking 课后巩固 一、语法填空 There are lots of rules at Sally’s school. She agrees（同意）with some of 1. ________（they）. For example, they can’t arrive late 2. ________ school. They can’t run in 3. ________ hallway, and they can’t eat in class. They must 4. ________（go）to the dining hall to have lunch. All these 5. ________（rule）are okay for Sally because they help students become better. But there are some rules that make Sally 6. ________（happy）. For example, at her school they have to wear uniforms and they can’t wear jeans. She thinks jeans are good and they’re cool. Sally also has to 7. ________（follow）some rules at home. For example, if she wants 8. ________（watch）TV, she has to finish her homework 9. ________（one）. And she can’t hang out with her friends on school nights, that is, from Monday to Friday. She has to clean her room every week 10. ________ it is dirty. Luckily, she doesn’t have to take out the trash. She thinks it’s awful. 【答案】1. them 2. for 3. the 4. go 5. rules 6. unhappy 7. follow 8. to watch 9. first 10. because 二、阅读理解 【答案】ABDAC 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $