焦点 03 阅读理解之议论文-备战2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训（江苏南通）

焦点03 阅读理解之议论文 备战2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训 【题型解析】 一、2026年南通中考英语议论文考试概况​ 2026年南通中考英语阅读理解中，议论文是核心题型之一（占比约30%），遵循《义务教育英语课程标准（2022年版）》要求，侧重逻辑分析、观点辩证及文化融合的考查。文本长度约250-350词，生词率控制在3%以内，逻辑严谨且观点具有辩证性（如“科技的双刃剑效应”“传统文化的现代传承”）。题型以细节题（30%）、推理判断题（40%）、主旨归纳题（20%）、词义猜测题（10%）为主，其中推理判断题为重点考查方向（需结合上下文推导作者态度或隐含结论）。 二、2026年中考英语议论文重难点分析​ 结合2025年改革方向及2026年命题趋势，议论文的核心重难点集中在以下板块： 1. 逻辑结构分析：论证方式与论点链的识别​ 论证方式：南通中考议论文常采用总分式（开头提出论点，中间分点论证，结尾总结）、层进式（从现象到本质，逐步深入）、驳论法（先反驳对立观点，再提出自身论点）。例如，2025年真题《论坚持的重要性》采用“总分式”：开头提出“坚持是成功的关键”，中间用“ series order effect ”“企业案例”“科学家年龄分析”分点论证，结尾总结“创造力源于坚持”。 论点链识别：需关注逻辑词（如“however/therefore/for example”）衔接的论点链（如“论点A→数据B→结论C”）。难点在于区分论点与论据（如“谷歌尝试22次失败才成功”是论据，用于支持“失败是可接受的”这一论点），易误将论据当作论点。 2. 观点态度推断：情感词与隐含立场的判断​ 情感词识别：作者态度常通过情感色彩词（如“remarkably beneficial”（显著有益）、“criticize its implementation”（批评其执行））或反问句（如“Is it ethical to use AI for surveillance?”（用AI监控是否道德？））表达。例如，2025年真题《社交媒体的利弊》中，“although it has a bad influence if we don’t use it properly, social media has done more good than harm”中的“although”表转折，强调作者对社交媒体的肯定态度（利大于弊）。 隐含立场判断：需结合上下文逻辑推导作者未直接表达的立场。例如，文中提到“Silicon Valley prizes youth over experience, believing that people under 35 are those who make changes happen”，但随后用“many businessmen succeed in their 40s and beyond”反驳，隐含作者对“硅谷推崇年轻”的否定态度。 3. 学术词汇与长难句：专业术语与复杂句式的理解​ 学术词汇：议论文中常出现主题相关术语（如环保类的“ecological balance”（生态平衡）、“zero waste community”（零浪费社区）；科技类的“AI ethics”（AI伦理）、“smart cities”（智慧城市）；文化类的“digital printing techniques”（数码印刷技术）、“intangible cultural heritage”（非物质文化遗产））。例如，2025年真题《千岛湖生态修复工程》中，“ecological restoration”（生态修复）是核心术语，需理解其含义才能把握文章主旨。 长难句理解：议论文多使用复合句（如含定语从句、状语从句的句式），需拆解句子主干（主谓宾）以提取关键信息。例如，“Although renewable energy is promoted to reduce carbon emissions, its high cost remains a barrier to widespread adoption”中，“Although”引导让步状语从句，主干为“its high cost remains a barrier”（其高成本仍是障碍），需理解“renewable energy”（可再生能源）与“carbon emissions”（碳排放）的关系。 4. 文化背景理解：本土与跨文化知识的融合​ 本土文化：南通中考议论文常融入江苏地域文化元素（如“南通蓝印花布的现代创新”“苏州园林的文化传承”“南京博物院的文物保护”），需积累相关术语（如“blue calico”（蓝印花布）、“Suzhou Garden”（苏州园林）、“Nanjing Museum”（南京博物院））。例如，2025年真题《南通蓝印花布的传承》中，“traditional craft”（传统工艺）与“modern design”（现代设计）的结合是核心话题，需理解“蓝印花布”的文化内涵才能回答相关问题。 跨文化对比：部分题目涉及中西文化对比（如“中西方环保政策差异”“传统节日与现代生活的融合”），需积累国际文化术语（如“Paris Agreement”（巴黎协定）、“Spring Festival”（春节）、“Christmas”（圣诞节））。例如，2025年真题《中西方节日对比》中，“family reunion”（家庭团聚）是春节的核心，而“gift-giving”（送礼物）是圣诞节的核心，需理解两者的文化差异才能回答“作者认为中西方节日的共同点是什么”这一问题。 三、2026年中考英语议论文解题步骤​ 针对议论文的重难点，采用“四步法”解题策略，可有效提升正确率： 1. 速读首尾段，抓中心论点​ 核心目标：快速把握文章主题与作者核心观点。 操作方法： 读首段：关注主题句（如“Creativity is hard to describe, but it comes from persistence”（创造力难以描述，但它源于坚持）），通常位于首段末句或第二句。 读尾段：关注总结句（如“So, the next time you’re stuck, remember: You’re more creative than you think you are”（所以，下次你遇到困难时，记住：你比自己想象的更有创造力）），通常是对中心论点的重申或升华。 示例：2025年真题《论坚持的重要性》首段提出“坚持是成功的关键”，尾段总结“创造力源于坚持”，中心论点明确。 2. 分析段落结构，识别论证方式​ 核心目标：理清论点与论据的关系，避免逻辑断层。 操作方法： 读段落首句：80%的段落首句是主题句（如“One key reason for this is the ‘series order effect’”（其中一个关键原因是“系列顺序效应”）），需标注并串联成逻辑链。 圈逻辑词：如“however”（转折）、“therefore”（因果）、“for example”（举例），这些词是论点切换的信号（如“however”后通常是作者的重要观点）。 示例：2025年真题《社交媒体的利弊》中，第二段首句“The greatest advantage is that we can connect with people much more easily”（最大的优势是我们能更轻松地与人联系）是主题句，后面用“for example”（例如）举“与朋友保持联系”的例子，属于“举例论证”。 3. 定位关键信息，解答细节题​ 核心目标：准确回答细节题（占比30%），避免“过度推断”。 操作方法： 读题干：标记关键词（如“series order effect”“Silicon Valley”），明确问题指向。 回原文：根据关键词定位原文句子（如“series order effect”位于第五段首句），逐词比对选项与原文（如选项“ It explains why failure is common and acceptable”（它解释了为什么失败是常见的和可接受的）与原文“Success can come when you have tried two, three, or even twenty-two times”（当你尝试两次、三次甚至二十二次时，成功就会到来）一致）。 示例：2025年真题《论坚持的重要性》中，细节题“ Which of the examples goes against the writer’s point of view?”（哪个例子违背了作者的观点？），关键词是“goes against”（违背），回原文定位“Silicon Valley prizes youth over experience, believing that people under 35 are those who make changes happen”，而作者观点是“坚持与年龄无关”，因此“Silicon Valley”（硅谷）是违背作者观点的例子。 4. 推导隐含逻辑，解答推理题​ 核心目标：准确回答推理题（占比40%），避免“主观联想”。 操作方法： 找逻辑链：如“数据A→现象B→作者观点C”（如“谷歌尝试22次失败→失败是可接受的→作者支持坚持”）。 用反推法：若原文说“反对某政策”，选项可能反向表述为“criticize its implementation”（批评其执行）（如2025年真题《垃圾分类政策》中，作者提到“some people oppose the policy because of its inconvenience”，反推作者对政策的态度是“中立但有保留”）。 示例：2025年真题《社交媒体的利弊》中，推理题“ What can we infer about the author’s attitude towards social media?”（我们能推断出作者对社交媒体的态度是什么？），原文提到“although it has a bad influence if we don’t use it properly, social media has done more good than harm”（尽管如果使用不当会有不良影响，但社交媒体带来的好处多于坏处），因此作者的态度是“肯定（利大于弊）”。 四、2026年中考英语议论文预测分析​ 结合2025年改革方向及2026年命题趋势，2026年南通中考议论文的命题趋势可概括为以下几点： 1. 主题预测：聚焦社会热点与地域文化​ 社会热点：环保（如“南通濠河生态修复”“垃圾分类政策”）、科技（如“AI在农业中的应用”“杭州亚运会智能场馆”）、文化传承（如“南通蓝印花布的现代创新”“宋韵文化的传播”）、社会热点（如“青少年心理健康”“双减政策下的校园活动”）是核心主题。例如，2026年可能考查“南通蓝印花布的传承”（结合传统工艺与现代设计）或“AI在农业中的应用”（结合科技与农业）。 地域文化：江苏特色元素（如“南通博物苑”“苏州园林”“南京云锦”）将成为高频考点，需积累相关术语（如“Nantong Museum”（南通博物苑）、“Suzhou Garden”（苏州园林）、“Nanjing Yunjin”（南京云锦））。 2. 题型预测：创新题型与跨学科融合​ 创新题型：多模态文本（如图表+议论文）（如“千岛湖碳排放数据+议论文”）、观点匹配题（如“将论点与学者观点配对”）、论证链条补全（如“补全缺失的论据或过渡句”）将成为新考点。例如，2026年可能给出“千岛湖2018-2024年水质变化图表”，要求考生结合图表写一篇关于“生态修复的效果”的议论文。 跨学科融合：地理（如“钱塘江潮汐成因”）、历史（如“良渚玉器制作工艺”）、科学（如“可再生能源的原理”）背景的议论文将增多，需具备跨学科知识（如“钱塘江潮汐是由月球引力引起的”）。 3. 难度预测：稳中有升，注重批判性思维​ 难度提升点：抽象论证（如“humanity’s survival depends on sustainable development”（人类的生存取决于可持续发展））、多视角对比（如“正方：AI有助于教育；反方：AI会导致学生依赖”）、长难句比例上升（如含定语从句的复合句）将成为难点。例如，2026年可能考查“AI在教育中的应用”（结合正反方观点），要求考生辩证分析（如“AI提高效率但存在隐私风险”）。 五、2026年中考英语议论文备考建议​ 针对上述重难点与预测趋势，提出以下备考建议： 1. 积累高频主题词汇，构建“主题词库”​ 分类积累：按环保、科技、文化、社会分类整理词汇（如环保类的“ecological balance”（生态平衡）、“zero waste”（零浪费）；科技类的“AI ethics”（AI伦理）、“smart cities”（智慧城市）；文化类的“intangible cultural heritage”（非物质文化遗产）、“traditional craft”（传统工艺））。 本土词汇：重点积累江苏地域文化词汇（如“blue calico”（蓝印花布）、“Suzhou Garden”（苏州园林）、“Nanjing Museum”（南京博物院）），避免因“文化词汇”陌生失分。 2. 强化逻辑训练，掌握“论证方式”​ 分析真题：精练2024-2025年南通中考议论文真题，标注逻辑词（如“however/therefore”）、论点句（如段落首句）、论据（如数据、例子），梳理文章逻辑链（如“论点→论据→结论”）。 思维导图：用思维导图梳理文章结构（如“中心论点→分论点1→论据1→分论点2→论据2→结论”），提升逻辑分析能力。 3. 提升长难句分析能力，拆解“句子主干”​ 每日精析：每天精析1-2句长难句（如“Although renewable energy is promoted to reduce carbon emissions, its high cost remains a barrier to widespread adoption”），标注主干（主谓宾）（如“its high cost remains a barrier”）和修饰成分（如定语从句、状语从句）（如“Although renewable energy is promoted to reduce carbon emissions”），提升句子理解能力。 总结句式：总结常见句式（如“It is...that...”（强调句）、“not only...but also...”（并列句）），提高句子拆解速度。 4. 关注社会热点与地域文化，积累“背景知识”​ 本土文化：阅读《南通文化英文小百科》《苏州园林文化》等资料，熟悉南通蓝印花布、苏州园林等地域文化的英文表达（如“blue calico”（蓝印花布）、“Suzhou Garden”（苏州园林））。 社会热点：阅读《21世纪英文报》《China Daily》等报纸，关注环保（如“濠河生态修复”）、科技（如“AI在农业中的应用”）、文化（如“宋韵文化的传播”）等热点话题，积累相关词汇（如“ecological restoration”（生态修复）、“AI in agriculture”（AI在农业中的应用））。 5. 限时模拟训练，提升“解题速度”​ 限时练习：每天完成1篇议论文阅读，限时8-10分钟（模拟考场节奏），培养“快速定位关键信息”的能力。 错题复盘：建立错题本，标注错误类型（如“逻辑断层”“过度推断”），分析原因（如“误将论据当作论点”），总结解题规律（如“关注转折词后的观点”）。 六、总结​ 2026年南通中考英语议论文侧重“逻辑分析、观点辩证及文化融合”的综合考查，重难点在于逻辑结构分析、观点态度推断、学术词汇与长难句理解、文化背景融合。解题关键是“四步法”（速读首尾段→分析段落结构→定位关键信息→推导隐含逻辑），备考重点是积累高频主题词汇、强化逻辑训练、提升长难句分析能力、关注社会热点与地域文化。 此外，需关注创新题型（如多模态文本）与跨学科融合（如地理、历史背景），积累相关背景知识与词汇，避免因“陌生话题”失分。只要掌握解题步骤与备考建议，就能在2026年中考英语议论文中取得好成绩。 【基础题】 A Do you like watching historical TV shows? Some parents worry that sometimes they are not true. Some teachers think watching them can make some students interested and that they will do more to find out the truth. What do students think of them? Zhang Jinshuo, 13: They can help us learn details (细节) of history. For example, from the history book, we may learn about the Three Kingdoms (三国). But by watching Romance of the Three Kingdoms, I get to know what happened among them. Jiang Chenming, 13: Many students are not interested in history. But they won’t mind watching historical TV shows because of famous actors and exciting stories. So I think it is a good way to increase students’ interest in learning history. Zhou Muhan, 13: We don’t have much time to watch historical shows. If we want to know something about history, we can read books. It saves time and we can practice reading at the same time. Zhao Kai, 13: In most historical TV shows, there are many love stories. I think it is not good for children. Also, in TV shows, heroes are often perfect. That is not real history. So I think that we should read history books to learn the true history. 1．How many students think it’s good to watch historical TV shows? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 2．Which is NOT true according to the passage? A．Zhang Jinshuo knows more about the Three Kingdoms by watching the shows. B．Jiang Chenming thinks students are interested in famous stars in the shows. C．Zhou Muhan thinks reading history books takes more of our study time. D．In Zhao Kai’s eyes, heroes are not perfect in real history. 3．The passage is mainly about ________. A．how students should learn history B．when students can watch TV shows C．whether students should read history books D．ideas on watching historical TV shows 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 【难度】0.85 【知识点】意见/建议、议论文 【导语】本文围绕“历史剧的价值”展开，呈现了四位13岁学生的多元观点：部分学生认为历史剧能补充历史细节、提升学习兴趣；另一部分学生则认为读历史书更高效、能接触到真实的历史，整体反映了青少年对历史剧的不同态度。 1．细节理解题。根据“Zhang Jinshuo, 13: They can help us learn details (细节) of history.”和“Jiang Chenming, 13: Many students are not interested in history...”可知，Zhang Jinshuo认为历史剧能帮助了解历史细节，是正面评价；Jiang Chenming认为历史剧能提升学生学习历史的兴趣，是正面评价。所以有2位学生认为看历史剧是好的。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Zhou Muhan, 13: We don’t have much time to watch historical shows. If we want to know something about history, we can read books. It saves time and we can practice reading at the same time.”可知，Zhou Muhan认为读历史书节省时间，而非花更多时间，C项表述错误。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇提出“学生对历史剧的看法是什么”的问题，随后四位学生分别发表了对历史剧的不同观点，因此主旨是“关于观看历史剧的不同看法”。故选D。 B AI is now part of our lives. Should we be polite to AI? Here are three kids' ideas. Aubrey, 14 I think we should say “please” and “thank you” to AI. Though AI can’t feel happy, politeness benefits us. AI is like a helper in our lives. We say “thanks” to people who help us. Why not do the same to AI? It reminds us to be thankful for the help we get, even from technology. Also, being polite to AI helps us keep good habits. When we say “Please tell me the answer” instead of just giving AI an order, we learn to be kind. Kindness can also improve relationships with classmates and teachers. In short, being polite to AI isn’t for AI, but for making us better. Ethan, 13 AI doesn’t have feelings. When I say “thanks”, my phone will not smile at me. When I say “please”, my computer will not work faster. We use AI because we want things done quickly. So why waste time saying more words? Sometimes, too many polite words can confuse (混淆) AI. For example, if you say, “Could you please make small changes to the text?” AI might make only tiny changes. So keep your communication with AI simple and clear. Don’t worry, AI will never get angry! Xiao Ziyu, 15 Whether to be polite to AI is a personal choice. AI doesn't have feelings like being happy or sad. So, saying “thanks” or “please” will not change how it works. But for people, using these words can help them be more polite in real life. So we can choose for ourselves. If we want to be fast and easy, just say our needs clearly. If we want to have a better communication experience, teach kids to act well, or build our own good habits, using polite words is a good and helpful choice. 1．Why does Aubrey think it is good to say “please” to AI? A．It can make AI work more quickly. B．AI can’t get our orders clearly if we are impolite. C．AI might get angry if people don't use polite words. D．It can help people develop polite habits in their lives. 2．In Ethan’s opinion, what might happen if you use too many polite words with AI? A．AI will refuse to help with your task. B．AI will become happier and work faster. C．AI might not understand the request clearly. D．AI will answer more kindly to polite requests. 3．According to Xiao Ziyu, when is it a good choice to use polite words with AI? A．When AI asks you to be polite. B．When you guide kids to talk politely. C．When AI can understand your feelings. D．When you want AI to complete tasks faster. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 【难度】0.85 【知识点】科学技术、议论文、意见/建议 【导语】本文展示了三位青少年对于“是否应该对AI讲礼貌”的不同观点，探讨了礼貌用语对人类自身习惯和沟通效率的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据Aubrey的观点“Also, being polite to AI helps us keep good habits... When we say ‘Please tell me the answer’ instead of just giving AI an order, we learn to be kind.”可知，对AI说“请”有助于人们在生活中养成礼貌的习惯。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据Ethan的观点“Sometimes, too many polite words can confuse AI. For example, if you say, ‘Could you please make small changes to the text?’ AI might make only tiny changes.”可知，过多的礼貌用语可能会让AI无法清晰理解请求。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据Xiao Ziyu的观点“If we want to have a better communication experience, teach kids to act well, or build our own good habits, using polite words is a good and helpful choice.”可知，在引导孩子礼貌交谈时，对AI使用礼貌用语是个好选择。故选B。 C Each of us has dreams and goals for our future. Our dream and goal make us study hard and make progress each day. But why do you still end up with nothing even if you have dreams and goals? What are the differences between successful (成功的) people and the dreamers? It’s their persistent (锲而不舍的) action. You will often find some of your lessons very hard. Try, keep trying and never give up. If you have a hard lesson today, try your best to learn it well and then you’ll be ready for a harder one tomorrow. This is the famous formula (公式) for success: Dream→Believe→Achieve. Most people have their dreams, and they believe they can realize their dreams. But they do nothing. They just imagine their dreams can come true. When they get tired of waiting and lose a lot, they get bored. They say angrily how terrible their life is. If you want to achieve your dreams and goals, you have to add one thing to your success formula: Dream→Believe→Act→Achieve. For me, action is the most important thing for success, and that’s to take persistent action. If you say, “I can’t do it” and give up, you can never do anything meaningful. However, “I’ll try” creates wonders (奇迹). There will be obstacles in our life. We must try to solve them. Success doesn’t fall down from the sky. Most successful people achieved their dreams because of their persistent action. Please remember: Persistent action can help you achieve your dreams and goals. 1．What does the writer ask us to do when we find our lessons very hard? A．Ask people for some help. B．Prepare for a harder one. C．Try and keep trying. D．Try to create wonders. 2．What does the writer add to the success formula to form the second one? A．Act. B．Achieve. C．Connect. D．Create. 3．What does the underlined word “obstacles” mean? A．Pleasant things. B．Difficult things. C．Useful things. D．Interesting things. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Believe You Can Do It B．Have an Important Dream C．Take Action for Your Dream D．Never Give up Your Goals 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【难度】0.85 【知识点】方法/策略、议论文 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了梦想和目标的实现需要持之以恒的行动，并提出了成功的核心公式：梦想→相信→行动→实现。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“Try, keep trying and never give up. If you have a hard lesson today, try your best to learn it well”可知，作者建议我们在遇到困难的功课时要尝试并不断努力。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第5段“If you want to achieve your dreams and goals, you have to add one thing to your success formula: Dream→Believe→Act→Achieve”可知，作者在第二个公式中加入的是“行动”。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第6段“There will be obstacles in our life. We must try to solve them.”可知，生活中会出现需要我们去解决的困难。因此，“obstacles”在这里表示“困难”的意思。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。文章反复强调仅有梦想和相信是不够的，最重要的是“persistent action”（持之以恒的行动）。因此，“为你的梦想采取行动”最能概括全文主旨。故选C。 【提升题】 A Tilly Norwood was introduced in October at the Zurich Film Festival. She first appeared in the short film AI Commissioner that came out in July. In fact, Tilly is not a real person. She is a product of artificial intelligence (AI). Even the film’s script was written by ChatGPT, an AI tool. This AI actress represents a new technology for Hollywood. She has been trained on the performances (表演) of hundreds of actors, without any pay. She learns how to act and speak from those performances. Tilly also started a debate (辩论) on what counts as art. We consider creativity to be a human quality. Art is generally understood as an expression of human experience. But Tilly’s performances come only from a database (数据库), not real creativity or life. Can this be compared to the art of real actors, which is built on years of hard work? Also, her future depends on how the audience (观众) feels. If audiences do accept AI actors, many human jobs could be changed. Lower-level acting roles might disappear. There will be less need for creative teams, like make-up, costume, lighting and set design, because AI doesn’t require them. Tilly is not a question of the future of Hollywood. It is a test of how much we value human creativity in our culture. AI is here, and some people will accept it. The risk is that if we prefer copying, we might change our culture in lasting ways. 1．How did Tilly Norwood learn to act? A．By working hard for years in life. B．By receiving training without any pay. C．By keeping on practising lower-level acting skills. D．By copying real actors’ performances from a database. 2．According to the passage, a ________ is most likely to be LESS needed if AI actors become popular. A．film director B．camera operator C．costume designer D．script writer 3．The passage is written mainly to ________. A．recommend readers to watch films acted by AI actors B．explain the advanced technology used to create AI actors C．introduce a famous new AI actress called Tilly Norwood D．discuss the situations and possible results brought by AI actors 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 【难度】0.65 【知识点】科学技术、议论文 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，围绕AI演员Tilly Norwood的出现展开讨论，探讨了AI对影视行业的影响、对“艺术”定义的挑战，以及可能带来的职业替代和文化危机。 1．细节理解题。根据“She has been trained on the performances (表演) of hundreds of actors, without any pay. She learns how to act and speak from those performances.”可知，Tilly是通过学习数据库中数百位真人演员的表演来学会表演的。选项D“通过从数据库中模仿真人演员的表演”符合文意。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“There will be less need for creative teams, like make-up, costume, lighting and set design, because AI doesn’t require them.”可知，如果AI演员流行起来，对创意团队（如化妆、服装、灯光和布景设计）的需求会减少。选项C“服装设计师”属于创意团队，因此最可能变得不那么需要。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。文章不仅介绍了AI演员Tilly，还深入讨论了AI对艺术定义的挑战、对影视行业职业的影响，以及人类可能面临的文化危机。选项D“讨论AI演员带来的情况和可能结果”全面概括了文章主旨。故选D。 B Do you sometimes feel too afraid to try new things? If you want to grow and get better, you need to take risks and challenge yourself. But your brain often tells you to stay safe. It might say, “Don’t bother trying something new.” Even when these thoughts aren’t reasonable, our anxiety (担心) can still win. Instead of thinking about the good things that could happen, we worry more about “What if something goes wrong?” Avoiding all risks might seem smart, but it can make you feel unhappy. The problem is that we often make decisions based on feelings, not facts. We think, “The more scared I feel, the riskier it is.” But feelings aren’t always reasonable. If we knew how to think about risks clearly, we’d know which risks are worth taking. For example, trying a new hobby like painting might feel scary at first, but it could bring you joy and new skills. Whether you’re afraid to change your job or too nervous to ask a friend for coffee, learning to take “good risks” can improve your life. Here are good ways to help. Balance feelings with facts. Many times, we think fear means something risky. But that’s not true. For example, driving a car feels safe because we do it every day, but giving a speech in public might make your heart beat fast. Yet the fact shows that car accidents are much more common than getting hurt while speaking! So before you avoid doing something scary, take three deep breaths and ask yourself,“What’s the real risk here?” Take steps to succeed. You can do many small things to lower risks. If you’re nervous about a test, make a study plan and review each day— this helps you feel more prepared. It’s okay to feel butterflies in your stomach when you try something new. Facing fear helps build your mental muscle, just like exercising builds physical muscle. So, taking smart risks helps you become mentally stronger. Each time you try something scary, you will learn to deal with uncertainty and anxiety. You’ll also get new skills and grow from mistakes. If you try out for a dance team and don’t make it, you can ask for the reason and then practise more. With practice, you’ll get better at facing risks, and your chances of success will rise. 1．Which of the following is TRUE according to the first two paragraphs? A．Avoiding risks is a smart way to stay happy. B．Taking risks requires us to trust our feelings. C．Our brain often tells us to face challenges bravely. D．Our feelings often influence us to make decisions. 2．What does the underlined phrase “build your mental muscle” mean in the last paragraph? A．Exercise your body to stay healthy B．Develop strength in your mind C．Think mainly about cheerful things. D．Avoid situations that make you afraid. 3．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Taking smart risks can push us forward. B．Trying many small things can reduce risks. C．Learning clearly about real risks can help a lot. D．Practising more can help deal with risks better. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】议论文、自我管理 【导语】本文主要探讨了面对新事物时的恐惧心理以及如何通过理性评估风险、采取小步骤行动来克服恐惧，从而促进个人成长和生活质量的提升。 1．细节理解题。根据“The problem is that we often make decisions based on feelings, not facts.”可知，我们的情感常影响决策。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Facing fear helps build your mental muscle, just like exercising builds physical muscle.”可知，面对恐惧能帮助“增强心理韧性”，正如运动锻炼身体肌肉，该短语比喻“增强心理韧性”。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。全文围绕“通过理性评估和逐步行动克服恐惧，从而成长”展开，重点落在“smart risks”的益处。故选A。 C Should Students Have Part-time Jobs?   In many countries, teenagers take part-time jobs to earn pocket money. However, opinions are divided on whether Chinese students should do the same.   Supporters say that a part-time job teaches time management. “When I worked in a bookshop last summer, I learned to plan my day carefully,” says 15-year-old Zhang Qi. Jobs can also help students discover their interests. Liu Mei, who helped in a pet hospital, realised she wanted to be a vet in the future. Moreover, earning one’s own money builds confidence.   On the other hand, opponents worry about safety. Some employers may hire students illegally and make them work long hours. Another concern is grades. “After I started tutoring a pupil on weekends, my maths score dropped by 15 points,” admits Li Hao. Finally, some parents fear that early contact with money may make children materialistic.   In my view, students can take jobs as long as three rules are followed: the work must be safe and legal; the time should not exceed eight hours a week; and parents and teachers must give guidance. With these conditions, part-time jobs can become valuable “social classrooms”. 1．What is the passage mainly about? A．How to find a suitable part-time job. B．Different views on students’ part-time jobs. C．The history of part-time work for teens. D．A list of safe part-time jobs for students. 2．Why does the writer mention Zhang Qi? A．To show jobs improve time-management skills. B．To prove bookshops are the best workplace. C．To explain why grades may drop. D．To encourage students to open bookshops. 3．Which of the following is an opponent’s opinion? A．Jobs help students discover interests. B．Working experience builds confidence. C．Long working hours may harm study. D．Earning money teaches independence. 4．What does the writer probably agree with? A．All students should work in pet hospitals. B．Part-time jobs are bad for teenagers. C．Grades matter more than work experience. D．Safe and limited jobs can benefit teens. 【答案】17．B 18．A 19．C 20．D 【难度】0.65 【知识点】议论文、青少年问题 【导语】本文主要讨论了学生是否应该从事兼职工作的不同观点。 1．主旨大意题。根据“However, opinions are divided on whether Chinese students should do the same. ”及全文可知，本文主要讨论了学生是否应该从事兼职工作的不同观点。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Supporters say that a part-time job teaches time management. ‘When I worked in a bookshop last summer, I learned to plan my day carefully,’”可知，作者提及张琦的例子是为了说明兼职能培养时间管理能力。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Another concern is grades. ‘After I started tutoring a pupil on weekends, my maths score dropped by 15 points,’ admits Li Hao. Finally”可知，反对者认为长时间工作可能影响学习。故选C。 4．观点态度题。根据“students can take jobs as long as three rules are followed ... part-time jobs can become valuable ‘social classrooms’.”可知，作者认为在安全、限时且有指导的前提下，兼职对青少年有益。故选D。 【拔高题】 A The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally done by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat (甜食), selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to get a second treat and various forms of success. As adults, in fact, we face “the marshmallow test” every day. We’re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets—all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers. We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed an ability to respond to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, greatly reducing the cost and effort involved in getting calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist (抑制) tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat. A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative (发展的) environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a system that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now constantly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our intake of calories, we also need to be more thoughtful about our intake of information, and refuse to accept the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively. 1．According to Paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ______. A．the calorie-poor world and our own desire for food B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs C．the food-rich world and our unchanged brains D．the attractive foods and our efforts to keep fit 2．What does the author suggest readers do? A．Use diverse information sources. B．Be selective consumers of information. C．Absorb new information readily. D．Protect the information environment. 3．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Later, the Better B．The Sad Truth about Early Humans C．Eat Less, Read More D．The Marshmallow Test for Adults 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】自我管理、议论文 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，通过对比儿童棉花糖实验与成年人面对信息诱惑的相似性，探讨了人类大脑对即时满足的原始需求与现代环境之间的冲突，并建议读者理性管理信息摄入。 1．推理判断题。根据“But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, greatly reducing the cost and effort involved in getting calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago”可知，我们重塑了周遭的世界，大幅降低了获取热量所需的成本与精力，但我们的大脑却仍和数千年前的状态别无二致，这造成了不匹配，即食物富足的世界与我们未曾改变的大脑之间存在着不匹配。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“we also need to be more thoughtful about our intake of information, and refuse to accept the temptation of the mental ‘junk food’”可知，我们需要更谨慎地选择信息摄入，拒绝精神“垃圾食品”。由此推知，作者建议读者成为有选择性的信息消费者。故选B。 3．最佳标题题。根据全文内容，文章指明了成年人每天都面临着“棉花糖测试”，不再是被甜食所诱惑，而是要面对信息诱惑的挑战，所以选项D“成年人棉花糖测试” 是最佳标题。故选D。 B With numbers of books and courses helping us develop self-discipline(自律), it seems quite obvious that self-discipline is highly valued. However, this may overstate the importance of being self-disciplined and make people worried. People with such worries are likely to push themselves harder and harder. Once their energy is burned out or their willpower breaks down, they will feel upset. In fact, being self-disciplined isn’t about leading a restrictive(约束的)lifestyle. Although it seems to be usually connected with self-control and willpower, it still has to be based on respect for one’s own free will and effective methods. Some people are caught in a “self-discipline trap(陷阱)” where they always work hard, and mistakes, failure and laziness are not allowed. Is this really the way we can improve ourselves, or is it a way to make things worse? Even though staying self-disciplined is beneficial for self-improvement, it’s never something everyone must do in life. How can we avoid being over self-restrained? Here are some ideas. Follow your own energy flow and limit. Going against it may produce unpleasant results. For example, sleeping for five hours and then forcing yourself to get up for a morning run. The harm caused by not getting enough sleep may outweigh the good brought by running. Follow your own heart. Information on the Internet has created a hidden competitive environment where many good examples lead the trends(潮流). People who see these are more likely to follow. Listen to your own voice instead of others. Think and decide whether it is what you truly want. Change your goals and expectations. Some who are over self-restrained may set unrealistic goals and expectations. They may never stop until it’s perfect, even though nothing could really be perfect. For example, losing 10 pounds in a week. It then easily goes into an unhealthy cycle where they always set goals but never reach them. Work smart instead of working hard. We might all have ever been stuck in a situation where, no matter how much effort we’ve made, the progress is slow. Have you found better ways to do it instead of just trying harder? For example, if I have a goal of learning 20 new words each day, I might follow the Forgetting Curve(遗忘曲线)to do it more effectively. 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The meaning of self-discipline. B．The ways to develop self-discipline. C．The effects of being self-disciplined. D．The reason for being self-disciplined. 2．To avoid being over self-restrained, we should ________. A．consider other people’s advice B．follow good examples on the Internet C．set up achievable goals and expectations D．raise our energy limit to get good results 3．Why does the writer use the example of learning new words in the last paragraph? A．To stress the value of working hard. B．To explain how effort influences progress. C．To suggest a good way of learning a language. D．To show the importance of finding effective methods. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】意见/建议、议论文 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了过度自我约束的危害以及如何避免过度自我约束的方法。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段首句“being self-disciplined isn’t about leading a restrictive(约束的)lifestyle”和尾句“Even though staying self-disciplined is beneficial for self-improvement, it’s never something everyone must do in life.”可知，本段主要讲了自律的含义。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段“Listen to your own voice instead of others.”可知，为了避免过的自我约束，我们应该遵从本心，A、B选项错误；根据第六段“Some who are over self-restrained may set unrealistic goals and expectations.”可知，为了避免过度的自我约束，我们应该设定恰当的目标和期望，C选项正确；根据第四段“Follow your own energy flow and limit. Going against it may produce unpleasant results”可知，D选项提升能力极限是错误的。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Have you found better ways to do it instead of just trying harder?”可知，找到合适的方法比努力工作更重要。根据“I might follow the Forgetting Curve(遗忘曲线)to do it more effectively”可知，作者想通过这个例子说明有效的方法很重要。故选D。 C Personally, there is nothing I love more than asking “stupid” questions, especially the ones that have no right answers. I remember once asking some kids what time it was, at home, in Singapore, and finally on the Moon. After a long silence, finally a shy girl ventured (试探地说) to say that it was “every time” followed by an energetic Einstein who shouted it was “no time”. Both kids shared that week’s Noble Prize because no humans live in that faraway world and time is created by humans. As a matter of fact, we are all good at asking questions by nature, but sadly as we age, we get used to the world around us and take things for granted. We became more results-oriented (注重结果的) and concentrate our efforts on success. If something is working, don’t fix it or worry about the cause; just relax and go with the flow. Common belief may work well, but that does not mean it is always right. Throughout history, it has been those who have questioned common belief and those who have challenged our common-sense ideas of the world that have been the ones to have brought about major progress in human civilization. In 500 BC, the ancient Greeks wondered whether the Earth was round because sailors on the sea had noticed that the farther south they went, the more different stars they saw in the sky. Why was the sky changing? Nearly 2,000 years later, the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei became interested in this question and ended up demonstrating the “crazy” concept of heliocentrism (日心说), in which the Sun lies at the center of the universe while the Earth circles around it at 30 kilometers per second. But if the Earth is spinning around so quickly, why aren’t we being thrown off of the surface of the planet? The answer to this question would not be clear for another century. People like routine, but past performance is no guarantee of future results. While those who challenge common belief tend to be subjected to abuse, the progress of humankind would have otherwise been impossible without these persistent people and their “stupid” questions. 1．What commonly happens to us when we grow older according to the author? A．We focus too much on process. B．We still refuse to relax and go with the flow. C．We start to challenge common-sense ideas of the world. D．We gradually lose the ability to question common belief. 2．What’s the correct order of the following statements? a. The ancient Greeks wondered whether the Earth was round. b. Galileo Galilei raised the concept of heliocentrism. c. We know about the concept of gravity. d. Sailors noticed something special. A．adcb B．adbc C．dabc D．dacb 3．Who might have solved the question “why aren’t we being thrown off of the surface of the planet?” A．An ancient Greek scientist living in 500 BC． B．Galileo Galilei living between 1564 and 1642. C．Isaac Newton living between 1643 and 1727. D．Albert Einstein living between 1879 and 1955. 4．How does the author develop his writing on the whole? A．By comparison and contrast B．By using supporting examples. C．By using time and space order. D．By generalization and definition. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】议论文、科普知识 【导语】 本文是议论文，主要谈论了提出“愚蠢”问题的重要性。尽管那些挑战普遍看法的人往往会遭受不好的待遇，但如果没有这些人和他们的“愚蠢”问题，人类也就不可能进步了。 1．推理判断题。根据“As a matter of fact, we are all good at asking questions by nature, but sadly as we age, we get used to the world around us and take things for granted.”以及“Common belief may work well, but that does not mean it is always right.”可知，这里提到随着年龄的增长，我们习惯了周围的世界，把一切都视为理所当然，因此推知我们逐渐失去了质疑共同信念的能力。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“In 500 BC, the ancient Greeks wondered whether the Earth was round because sailors on the sea had noticed that the farther south they went, the more different stars they saw in the sky. ”可知，水手们注意到了一些特别的事情，因此希腊人想知道地球是不是圆的；根据“Nearly 2,000 years later, the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei became interested in this question and ended up demonstrating the ‘crazy’ concept of heliocentrism (日心说),”可知，伽利略提出了“日心说”；根据“But if the Earth is spinning around so quickly, why aren’t we being thrown off of the surface of the planet? The answer to this question would not be clear for another century.”可知，后来人们知道了重力，因此选项C中的顺序是正确的。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“In 500 BC, the ancient Greeks wondered whether the Earth was round…the more different stars they saw in the sky.”；“Nearly 2,000 years later, the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei… and ended up demonstrating the ‘crazy’ concept of heliocentrism (日心说),”可知，伽利略在公元1500年左右提出“日心说”；根据“But if the Earth is spinning around so quickly, why aren’t we being thrown off of the surface of the planet? The answer to this question would not be clear for another century.”可知，对于为什么我们没有被甩出地球表面这个问题，是在伽利略提出“日心说”一个世纪后，即公元1600多年才弄清楚的，由此推知，生于1643年至1727年的艾萨克·牛顿可能是解决这个问题的人。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Throughout history…that have been the ones to have brought about major progress in human civilization.”；在第三段中“In 500 BC, the ancient Greeks…the more different stars they saw in the sky.”以及“the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei became interested in this question and ended up demonstrating the ‘crazy’ concept of heliocentrism (日心说),”通过例举古希腊人和意大利天文学家伽利略·伽利菜来说明正是质疑引领了人类文明的重大进步，由此可知作者是通过列举支撑例证的方式来展开写作的。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 焦点03 阅读理解之议论文 备战2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训 【题型解析】 一、2026年南通中考英语议论文考试概况​ 2026年南通中考英语阅读理解中，议论文是核心题型之一（占比约30%），遵循《义务教育英语课程标准（2022年版）》要求，侧重逻辑分析、观点辩证及文化融合的考查。文本长度约250-350词，生词率控制在3%以内，逻辑严谨且观点具有辩证性（如“科技的双刃剑效应”“传统文化的现代传承”）。题型以细节题（30%）、推理判断题（40%）、主旨归纳题（20%）、词义猜测题（10%）为主，其中推理判断题为重点考查方向（需结合上下文推导作者态度或隐含结论）。 二、2026年中考英语议论文重难点分析​ 结合2025年改革方向及2026年命题趋势，议论文的核心重难点集中在以下板块： 1. 逻辑结构分析：论证方式与论点链的识别​ 论证方式：南通中考议论文常采用总分式（开头提出论点，中间分点论证，结尾总结）、层进式（从现象到本质，逐步深入）、驳论法（先反驳对立观点，再提出自身论点）。例如，2025年真题《论坚持的重要性》采用“总分式”：开头提出“坚持是成功的关键”，中间用“ series order effect ”“企业案例”“科学家年龄分析”分点论证，结尾总结“创造力源于坚持”。 论点链识别：需关注逻辑词（如“however/therefore/for example”）衔接的论点链（如“论点A→数据B→结论C”）。难点在于区分论点与论据（如“谷歌尝试22次失败才成功”是论据，用于支持“失败是可接受的”这一论点），易误将论据当作论点。 2. 观点态度推断：情感词与隐含立场的判断​ 情感词识别：作者态度常通过情感色彩词（如“remarkably beneficial”（显著有益）、“criticize its implementation”（批评其执行））或反问句（如“Is it ethical to use AI for surveillance?”（用AI监控是否道德？））表达。例如，2025年真题《社交媒体的利弊》中，“although it has a bad influence if we don’t use it properly, social media has done more good than harm”中的“although”表转折，强调作者对社交媒体的肯定态度（利大于弊）。 隐含立场判断：需结合上下文逻辑推导作者未直接表达的立场。例如，文中提到“Silicon Valley prizes youth over experience, believing that people under 35 are those who make changes happen”，但随后用“many businessmen succeed in their 40s and beyond”反驳，隐含作者对“硅谷推崇年轻”的否定态度。 3. 学术词汇与长难句：专业术语与复杂句式的理解​ 学术词汇：议论文中常出现主题相关术语（如环保类的“ecological balance”（生态平衡）、“zero waste community”（零浪费社区）；科技类的“AI ethics”（AI伦理）、“smart cities”（智慧城市）；文化类的“digital printing techniques”（数码印刷技术）、“intangible cultural heritage”（非物质文化遗产））。例如，2025年真题《千岛湖生态修复工程》中，“ecological restoration”（生态修复）是核心术语，需理解其含义才能把握文章主旨。 长难句理解：议论文多使用复合句（如含定语从句、状语从句的句式），需拆解句子主干（主谓宾）以提取关键信息。例如，“Although renewable energy is promoted to reduce carbon emissions, its high cost remains a barrier to widespread adoption”中，“Although”引导让步状语从句，主干为“its high cost remains a barrier”（其高成本仍是障碍），需理解“renewable energy”（可再生能源）与“carbon emissions”（碳排放）的关系。 4. 文化背景理解：本土与跨文化知识的融合​ 本土文化：南通中考议论文常融入江苏地域文化元素（如“南通蓝印花布的现代创新”“苏州园林的文化传承”“南京博物院的文物保护”），需积累相关术语（如“blue calico”（蓝印花布）、“Suzhou Garden”（苏州园林）、“Nanjing Museum”（南京博物院））。例如，2025年真题《南通蓝印花布的传承》中，“traditional craft”（传统工艺）与“modern design”（现代设计）的结合是核心话题，需理解“蓝印花布”的文化内涵才能回答相关问题。 跨文化对比：部分题目涉及中西文化对比（如“中西方环保政策差异”“传统节日与现代生活的融合”），需积累国际文化术语（如“Paris Agreement”（巴黎协定）、“Spring Festival”（春节）、“Christmas”（圣诞节））。例如，2025年真题《中西方节日对比》中，“family reunion”（家庭团聚）是春节的核心，而“gift-giving”（送礼物）是圣诞节的核心，需理解两者的文化差异才能回答“作者认为中西方节日的共同点是什么”这一问题。 三、2026年中考英语议论文解题步骤​ 针对议论文的重难点，采用“四步法”解题策略，可有效提升正确率： 1. 速读首尾段，抓中心论点​ 核心目标：快速把握文章主题与作者核心观点。 操作方法： 读首段：关注主题句（如“Creativity is hard to describe, but it comes from persistence”（创造力难以描述，但它源于坚持）），通常位于首段末句或第二句。 读尾段：关注总结句（如“So, the next time you’re stuck, remember: You’re more creative than you think you are”（所以，下次你遇到困难时，记住：你比自己想象的更有创造力）），通常是对中心论点的重申或升华。 示例：2025年真题《论坚持的重要性》首段提出“坚持是成功的关键”，尾段总结“创造力源于坚持”，中心论点明确。 2. 分析段落结构，识别论证方式​ 核心目标：理清论点与论据的关系，避免逻辑断层。 操作方法： 读段落首句：80%的段落首句是主题句（如“One key reason for this is the ‘series order effect’”（其中一个关键原因是“系列顺序效应”）），需标注并串联成逻辑链。 圈逻辑词：如“however”（转折）、“therefore”（因果）、“for example”（举例），这些词是论点切换的信号（如“however”后通常是作者的重要观点）。 示例：2025年真题《社交媒体的利弊》中，第二段首句“The greatest advantage is that we can connect with people much more easily”（最大的优势是我们能更轻松地与人联系）是主题句，后面用“for example”（例如）举“与朋友保持联系”的例子，属于“举例论证”。 3. 定位关键信息，解答细节题​ 核心目标：准确回答细节题（占比30%），避免“过度推断”。 操作方法： 读题干：标记关键词（如“series order effect”“Silicon Valley”），明确问题指向。 回原文：根据关键词定位原文句子（如“series order effect”位于第五段首句），逐词比对选项与原文（如选项“ It explains why failure is common and acceptable”（它解释了为什么失败是常见的和可接受的）与原文“Success can come when you have tried two, three, or even twenty-two times”（当你尝试两次、三次甚至二十二次时，成功就会到来）一致）。 示例：2025年真题《论坚持的重要性》中，细节题“ Which of the examples goes against the writer’s point of view?”（哪个例子违背了作者的观点？），关键词是“goes against”（违背），回原文定位“Silicon Valley prizes youth over experience, believing that people under 35 are those who make changes happen”，而作者观点是“坚持与年龄无关”，因此“Silicon Valley”（硅谷）是违背作者观点的例子。 4. 推导隐含逻辑，解答推理题​ 核心目标：准确回答推理题（占比40%），避免“主观联想”。 操作方法： 找逻辑链：如“数据A→现象B→作者观点C”（如“谷歌尝试22次失败→失败是可接受的→作者支持坚持”）。 用反推法：若原文说“反对某政策”，选项可能反向表述为“criticize its implementation”（批评其执行）（如2025年真题《垃圾分类政策》中，作者提到“some people oppose the policy because of its inconvenience”，反推作者对政策的态度是“中立但有保留”）。 示例：2025年真题《社交媒体的利弊》中，推理题“ What can we infer about the author’s attitude towards social media?”（我们能推断出作者对社交媒体的态度是什么？），原文提到“although it has a bad influence if we don’t use it properly, social media has done more good than harm”（尽管如果使用不当会有不良影响，但社交媒体带来的好处多于坏处），因此作者的态度是“肯定（利大于弊）”。 四、2026年中考英语议论文预测分析​ 结合2025年改革方向及2026年命题趋势，2026年南通中考议论文的命题趋势可概括为以下几点： 1. 主题预测：聚焦社会热点与地域文化​ 社会热点：环保（如“南通濠河生态修复”“垃圾分类政策”）、科技（如“AI在农业中的应用”“杭州亚运会智能场馆”）、文化传承（如“南通蓝印花布的现代创新”“宋韵文化的传播”）、社会热点（如“青少年心理健康”“双减政策下的校园活动”）是核心主题。例如，2026年可能考查“南通蓝印花布的传承”（结合传统工艺与现代设计）或“AI在农业中的应用”（结合科技与农业）。 地域文化：江苏特色元素（如“南通博物苑”“苏州园林”“南京云锦”）将成为高频考点，需积累相关术语（如“Nantong Museum”（南通博物苑）、“Suzhou Garden”（苏州园林）、“Nanjing Yunjin”（南京云锦））。 2. 题型预测：创新题型与跨学科融合​ 创新题型：多模态文本（如图表+议论文）（如“千岛湖碳排放数据+议论文”）、观点匹配题（如“将论点与学者观点配对”）、论证链条补全（如“补全缺失的论据或过渡句”）将成为新考点。例如，2026年可能给出“千岛湖2018-2024年水质变化图表”，要求考生结合图表写一篇关于“生态修复的效果”的议论文。 跨学科融合：地理（如“钱塘江潮汐成因”）、历史（如“良渚玉器制作工艺”）、科学（如“可再生能源的原理”）背景的议论文将增多，需具备跨学科知识（如“钱塘江潮汐是由月球引力引起的”）。 3. 难度预测：稳中有升，注重批判性思维​ 难度提升点：抽象论证（如“humanity’s survival depends on sustainable development”（人类的生存取决于可持续发展））、多视角对比（如“正方：AI有助于教育；反方：AI会导致学生依赖”）、长难句比例上升（如含定语从句的复合句）将成为难点。例如，2026年可能考查“AI在教育中的应用”（结合正反方观点），要求考生辩证分析（如“AI提高效率但存在隐私风险”）。 五、2026年中考英语议论文备考建议​ 针对上述重难点与预测趋势，提出以下备考建议： 1. 积累高频主题词汇，构建“主题词库”​ 分类积累：按环保、科技、文化、社会分类整理词汇（如环保类的“ecological balance”（生态平衡）、“zero waste”（零浪费）；科技类的“AI ethics”（AI伦理）、“smart cities”（智慧城市）；文化类的“intangible cultural heritage”（非物质文化遗产）、“traditional craft”（传统工艺））。 本土词汇：重点积累江苏地域文化词汇（如“blue calico”（蓝印花布）、“Suzhou Garden”（苏州园林）、“Nanjing Museum”（南京博物院）），避免因“文化词汇”陌生失分。 2. 强化逻辑训练，掌握“论证方式”​ 分析真题：精练2024-2025年南通中考议论文真题，标注逻辑词（如“however/therefore”）、论点句（如段落首句）、论据（如数据、例子），梳理文章逻辑链（如“论点→论据→结论”）。 思维导图：用思维导图梳理文章结构（如“中心论点→分论点1→论据1→分论点2→论据2→结论”），提升逻辑分析能力。 3. 提升长难句分析能力，拆解“句子主干”​ 每日精析：每天精析1-2句长难句（如“Although renewable energy is promoted to reduce carbon emissions, its high cost remains a barrier to widespread adoption”），标注主干（主谓宾）（如“its high cost remains a barrier”）和修饰成分（如定语从句、状语从句）（如“Although renewable energy is promoted to reduce carbon emissions”），提升句子理解能力。 总结句式：总结常见句式（如“It is...that...”（强调句）、“not only...but also...”（并列句）），提高句子拆解速度。 4. 关注社会热点与地域文化，积累“背景知识”​ 本土文化：阅读《南通文化英文小百科》《苏州园林文化》等资料，熟悉南通蓝印花布、苏州园林等地域文化的英文表达（如“blue calico”（蓝印花布）、“Suzhou Garden”（苏州园林））。 社会热点：阅读《21世纪英文报》《China Daily》等报纸，关注环保（如“濠河生态修复”）、科技（如“AI在农业中的应用”）、文化（如“宋韵文化的传播”）等热点话题，积累相关词汇（如“ecological restoration”（生态修复）、“AI in agriculture”（AI在农业中的应用））。 5. 限时模拟训练，提升“解题速度”​ 限时练习：每天完成1篇议论文阅读，限时8-10分钟（模拟考场节奏），培养“快速定位关键信息”的能力。 错题复盘：建立错题本，标注错误类型（如“逻辑断层”“过度推断”），分析原因（如“误将论据当作论点”），总结解题规律（如“关注转折词后的观点”）。 六、总结​ 2026年南通中考英语议论文侧重“逻辑分析、观点辩证及文化融合”的综合考查，重难点在于逻辑结构分析、观点态度推断、学术词汇与长难句理解、文化背景融合。解题关键是“四步法”（速读首尾段→分析段落结构→定位关键信息→推导隐含逻辑），备考重点是积累高频主题词汇、强化逻辑训练、提升长难句分析能力、关注社会热点与地域文化。 此外，需关注创新题型（如多模态文本）与跨学科融合（如地理、历史背景），积累相关背景知识与词汇，避免因“陌生话题”失分。只要掌握解题步骤与备考建议，就能在2026年中考英语议论文中取得好成绩。 【基础题】 A Do you like watching historical TV shows? Some parents worry that sometimes they are not true. Some teachers think watching them can make some students interested and that they will do more to find out the truth. What do students think of them? Zhang Jinshuo, 13: They can help us learn details (细节) of history. For example, from the history book, we may learn about the Three Kingdoms (三国). But by watching Romance of the Three Kingdoms, I get to know what happened among them. Jiang Chenming, 13: Many students are not interested in history. But they won’t mind watching historical TV shows because of famous actors and exciting stories. So I think it is a good way to increase students’ interest in learning history. Zhou Muhan, 13: We don’t have much time to watch historical shows. If we want to know something about history, we can read books. It saves time and we can practice reading at the same time. Zhao Kai, 13: In most historical TV shows, there are many love stories. I think it is not good for children. Also, in TV shows, heroes are often perfect. That is not real history. So I think that we should read history books to learn the true history. 1．How many students think it’s good to watch historical TV shows? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 2．Which is NOT true according to the passage? A．Zhang Jinshuo knows more about the Three Kingdoms by watching the shows. B．Jiang Chenming thinks students are interested in famous stars in the shows. C．Zhou Muhan thinks reading history books takes more of our study time. D．In Zhao Kai’s eyes, heroes are not perfect in real history. 3．The passage is mainly about ________. A．how students should learn history B．when students can watch TV shows C．whether students should read history books D．ideas on watching historical TV shows B AI is now part of our lives. Should we be polite to AI? Here are three kids' ideas. Aubrey, 14 I think we should say “please” and “thank you” to AI. Though AI can’t feel happy, politeness benefits us. AI is like a helper in our lives. We say “thanks” to people who help us. Why not do the same to AI? It reminds us to be thankful for the help we get, even from technology. Also, being polite to AI helps us keep good habits. When we say “Please tell me the answer” instead of just giving AI an order, we learn to be kind. Kindness can also improve relationships with classmates and teachers. In short, being polite to AI isn’t for AI, but for making us better. Ethan, 13 AI doesn’t have feelings. When I say “thanks”, my phone will not smile at me. When I say “please”, my computer will not work faster. We use AI because we want things done quickly. So why waste time saying more words? Sometimes, too many polite words can confuse (混淆) AI. For example, if you say, “Could you please make small changes to the text?” AI might make only tiny changes. So keep your communication with AI simple and clear. Don’t worry, AI will never get angry! Xiao Ziyu, 15 Whether to be polite to AI is a personal choice. AI doesn't have feelings like being happy or sad. So, saying “thanks” or “please” will not change how it works. But for people, using these words can help them be more polite in real life. So we can choose for ourselves. If we want to be fast and easy, just say our needs clearly. If we want to have a better communication experience, teach kids to act well, or build our own good habits, using polite words is a good and helpful choice. 1．Why does Aubrey think it is good to say “please” to AI? A．It can make AI work more quickly. B．AI can’t get our orders clearly if we are impolite. C．AI might get angry if people don't use polite words. D．It can help people develop polite habits in their lives. 2．In Ethan’s opinion, what might happen if you use too many polite words with AI? A．AI will refuse to help with your task. B．AI will become happier and work faster. C．AI might not understand the request clearly. D．AI will answer more kindly to polite requests. 3．According to Xiao Ziyu, when is it a good choice to use polite words with AI? A．When AI asks you to be polite. B．When you guide kids to talk politely. C．When AI can understand your feelings. D．When you want AI to complete tasks faster. C Each of us has dreams and goals for our future. Our dream and goal make us study hard and make progress each day. But why do you still end up with nothing even if you have dreams and goals? What are the differences between successful (成功的) people and the dreamers? It’s their persistent (锲而不舍的) action. You will often find some of your lessons very hard. Try, keep trying and never give up. If you have a hard lesson today, try your best to learn it well and then you’ll be ready for a harder one tomorrow. This is the famous formula (公式) for success: Dream→Believe→Achieve. Most people have their dreams, and they believe they can realize their dreams. But they do nothing. They just imagine their dreams can come true. When they get tired of waiting and lose a lot, they get bored. They say angrily how terrible their life is. If you want to achieve your dreams and goals, you have to add one thing to your success formula: Dream→Believe→Act→Achieve. For me, action is the most important thing for success, and that’s to take persistent action. If you say, “I can’t do it” and give up, you can never do anything meaningful. However, “I’ll try” creates wonders (奇迹). There will be obstacles in our life. We must try to solve them. Success doesn’t fall down from the sky. Most successful people achieved their dreams because of their persistent action. Please remember: Persistent action can help you achieve your dreams and goals. 1．What does the writer ask us to do when we find our lessons very hard? A．Ask people for some help. B．Prepare for a harder one. C．Try and keep trying. D．Try to create wonders. 2．What does the writer add to the success formula to form the second one? A．Act. B．Achieve. C．Connect. D．Create. 3．What does the underlined word “obstacles” mean? A．Pleasant things. B．Difficult things. C．Useful things. D．Interesting things. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Believe You Can Do It B．Have an Important Dream C．Take Action for Your Dream D．Never Give up Your Goals 【提升题】 A Tilly Norwood was introduced in October at the Zurich Film Festival. She first appeared in the short film AI Commissioner that came out in July. In fact, Tilly is not a real person. She is a product of artificial intelligence (AI). Even the film’s script was written by ChatGPT, an AI tool. This AI actress represents a new technology for Hollywood. She has been trained on the performances (表演) of hundreds of actors, without any pay. She learns how to act and speak from those performances. Tilly also started a debate (辩论) on what counts as art. We consider creativity to be a human quality. Art is generally understood as an expression of human experience. But Tilly’s performances come only from a database (数据库), not real creativity or life. Can this be compared to the art of real actors, which is built on years of hard work? Also, her future depends on how the audience (观众) feels. If audiences do accept AI actors, many human jobs could be changed. Lower-level acting roles might disappear. There will be less need for creative teams, like make-up, costume, lighting and set design, because AI doesn’t require them. Tilly is not a question of the future of Hollywood. It is a test of how much we value human creativity in our culture. AI is here, and some people will accept it. The risk is that if we prefer copying, we might change our culture in lasting ways. 1．How did Tilly Norwood learn to act? A．By working hard for years in life. B．By receiving training without any pay. C．By keeping on practising lower-level acting skills. D．By copying real actors’ performances from a database. 2．According to the passage, a ________ is most likely to be LESS needed if AI actors become popular. A．film director B．camera operator C．costume designer D．script writer 3．The passage is written mainly to ________. A．recommend readers to watch films acted by AI actors B．explain the advanced technology used to create AI actors C．introduce a famous new AI actress called Tilly Norwood D．discuss the situations and possible results brought by AI actors B Do you sometimes feel too afraid to try new things? If you want to grow and get better, you need to take risks and challenge yourself. But your brain often tells you to stay safe. It might say, “Don’t bother trying something new.” Even when these thoughts aren’t reasonable, our anxiety (担心) can still win. Instead of thinking about the good things that could happen, we worry more about “What if something goes wrong?” Avoiding all risks might seem smart, but it can make you feel unhappy. The problem is that we often make decisions based on feelings, not facts. We think, “The more scared I feel, the riskier it is.” But feelings aren’t always reasonable. If we knew how to think about risks clearly, we’d know which risks are worth taking. For example, trying a new hobby like painting might feel scary at first, but it could bring you joy and new skills. Whether you’re afraid to change your job or too nervous to ask a friend for coffee, learning to take “good risks” can improve your life. Here are good ways to help. Balance feelings with facts. Many times, we think fear means something risky. But that’s not true. For example, driving a car feels safe because we do it every day, but giving a speech in public might make your heart beat fast. Yet the fact shows that car accidents are much more common than getting hurt while speaking! So before you avoid doing something scary, take three deep breaths and ask yourself,“What’s the real risk here?” Take steps to succeed. You can do many small things to lower risks. If you’re nervous about a test, make a study plan and review each day— this helps you feel more prepared. It’s okay to feel butterflies in your stomach when you try something new. Facing fear helps build your mental muscle, just like exercising builds physical muscle. So, taking smart risks helps you become mentally stronger. Each time you try something scary, you will learn to deal with uncertainty and anxiety. You’ll also get new skills and grow from mistakes. If you try out for a dance team and don’t make it, you can ask for the reason and then practise more. With practice, you’ll get better at facing risks, and your chances of success will rise. 1．Which of the following is TRUE according to the first two paragraphs? A．Avoiding risks is a smart way to stay happy. B．Taking risks requires us to trust our feelings. C．Our brain often tells us to face challenges bravely. D．Our feelings often influence us to make decisions. 2．What does the underlined phrase “build your mental muscle” mean in the last paragraph? A．Exercise your body to stay healthy B．Develop strength in your mind C．Think mainly about cheerful things. D．Avoid situations that make you afraid. 3．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Taking smart risks can push us forward. B．Trying many small things can reduce risks. C．Learning clearly about real risks can help a lot. D．Practising more can help deal with risks better. C Should Students Have Part-time Jobs?   In many countries, teenagers take part-time jobs to earn pocket money. However, opinions are divided on whether Chinese students should do the same.   Supporters say that a part-time job teaches time management. “When I worked in a bookshop last summer, I learned to plan my day carefully,” says 15-year-old Zhang Qi. Jobs can also help students discover their interests. Liu Mei, who helped in a pet hospital, realised she wanted to be a vet in the future. Moreover, earning one’s own money builds confidence.   On the other hand, opponents worry about safety. Some employers may hire students illegally and make them work long hours. Another concern is grades. “After I started tutoring a pupil on weekends, my maths score dropped by 15 points,” admits Li Hao. Finally, some parents fear that early contact with money may make children materialistic.   In my view, students can take jobs as long as three rules are followed: the work must be safe and legal; the time should not exceed eight hours a week; and parents and teachers must give guidance. With these conditions, part-time jobs can become valuable “social classrooms”. 1．What is the passage mainly about? A．How to find a suitable part-time job. B．Different views on students’ part-time jobs. C．The history of part-time work for teens. D．A list of safe part-time jobs for students. 2．Why does the writer mention Zhang Qi? A．To show jobs improve time-management skills. B．To prove bookshops are the best workplace. C．To explain why grades may drop. D．To encourage students to open bookshops. 3．Which of the following is an opponent’s opinion? A．Jobs help students discover interests. B．Working experience builds confidence. C．Long working hours may harm study. D．Earning money teaches independence. 4．What does the writer probably agree with? A．All students should work in pet hospitals. B．Part-time jobs are bad for teenagers. C．Grades matter more than work experience. D．Safe and limited jobs can benefit teens. 【拔高题】 A The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally done by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat (甜食), selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to get a second treat and various forms of success. As adults, in fact, we face “the marshmallow test” every day. We’re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets—all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers. We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed an ability to respond to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, greatly reducing the cost and effort involved in getting calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist (抑制) tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat. A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative (发展的) environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a system that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now constantly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our intake of calories, we also need to be more thoughtful about our intake of information, and refuse to accept the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively. 1．According to Paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ______. A．the calorie-poor world and our own desire for food B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs C．the food-rich world and our unchanged brains D．the attractive foods and our efforts to keep fit 2．What does the author suggest readers do? A．Use diverse information sources. B．Be selective consumers of information. C．Absorb new information readily. D．Protect the information environment. 3．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Later, the Better B．The Sad Truth about Early Humans C．Eat Less, Read More D．The Marshmallow Test for Adults B With numbers of books and courses helping us develop self-discipline(自律), it seems quite obvious that self-discipline is highly valued. However, this may overstate the importance of being self-disciplined and make people worried. People with such worries are likely to push themselves harder and harder. Once their energy is burned out or their willpower breaks down, they will feel upset. In fact, being self-disciplined isn’t about leading a restrictive(约束的)lifestyle. Although it seems to be usually connected with self-control and willpower, it still has to be based on respect for one’s own free will and effective methods. Some people are caught in a “self-discipline trap(陷阱)” where they always work hard, and mistakes, failure and laziness are not allowed. Is this really the way we can improve ourselves, or is it a way to make things worse? Even though staying self-disciplined is beneficial for self-improvement, it’s never something everyone must do in life. How can we avoid being over self-restrained? Here are some ideas. Follow your own energy flow and limit. Going against it may produce unpleasant results. For example, sleeping for five hours and then forcing yourself to get up for a morning run. The harm caused by not getting enough sleep may outweigh the good brought by running. Follow your own heart. Information on the Internet has created a hidden competitive environment where many good examples lead the trends(潮流). People who see these are more likely to follow. Listen to your own voice instead of others. Think and decide whether it is what you truly want. Change your goals and expectations. Some who are over self-restrained may set unrealistic goals and expectations. They may never stop until it’s perfect, even though nothing could really be perfect. For example, losing 10 pounds in a week. It then easily goes into an unhealthy cycle where they always set goals but never reach them. Work smart instead of working hard. We might all have ever been stuck in a situation where, no matter how much effort we’ve made, the progress is slow. Have you found better ways to do it instead of just trying harder? For example, if I have a goal of learning 20 new words each day, I might follow the Forgetting Curve(遗忘曲线)to do it more effectively. 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The meaning of self-discipline. B．The ways to develop self-discipline. C．The effects of being self-disciplined. D．The reason for being self-disciplined. 2．To avoid being over self-restrained, we should ________. A．consider other people’s advice B．follow good examples on the Internet C．set up achievable goals and expectations D．raise our energy limit to get good results 3．Why does the writer use the example of learning new words in the last paragraph? A．To stress the value of working hard. B．To explain how effort influences progress. C．To suggest a good way of learning a language. D．To show the importance of finding effective methods. C Personally, there is nothing I love more than asking “stupid” questions, especially the ones that have no right answers. I remember once asking some kids what time it was, at home, in Singapore, and finally on the Moon. After a long silence, finally a shy girl ventured (试探地说) to say that it was “every time” followed by an energetic Einstein who shouted it was “no time”. Both kids shared that week’s Noble Prize because no humans live in that faraway world and time is created by humans. As a matter of fact, we are all good at asking questions by nature, but sadly as we age, we get used to the world around us and take things for granted. We became more results-oriented (注重结果的) and concentrate our efforts on success. If something is working, don’t fix it or worry about the cause; just relax and go with the flow. Common belief may work well, but that does not mean it is always right. Throughout history, it has been those who have questioned common belief and those who have challenged our common-sense ideas of the world that have been the ones to have brought about major progress in human civilization. In 500 BC, the ancient Greeks wondered whether the Earth was round because sailors on the sea had noticed that the farther south they went, the more different stars they saw in the sky. Why was the sky changing? Nearly 2,000 years later, the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei became interested in this question and ended up demonstrating the “crazy” concept of heliocentrism (日心说), in which the Sun lies at the center of the universe while the Earth circles around it at 30 kilometers per second. But if the Earth is spinning around so quickly, why aren’t we being thrown off of the surface of the planet? The answer to this question would not be clear for another century. People like routine, but past performance is no guarantee of future results. While those who challenge common belief tend to be subjected to abuse, the progress of humankind would have otherwise been impossible without these persistent people and their “stupid” questions. 1．What commonly happens to us when we grow older according to the author? A．We focus too much on process. B．We still refuse to relax and go with the flow. C．We start to challenge common-sense ideas of the world. D．We gradually lose the ability to question common belief. 2．What’s the correct order of the following statements? a. The ancient Greeks wondered whether the Earth was round. b. Galileo Galilei raised the concept of heliocentrism. c. We know about the concept of gravity. d. Sailors noticed something special. A．adcb B．adbc C．dabc D．dacb 3．Who might have solved the question “why aren’t we being thrown off of the surface of the planet?” A．An ancient Greek scientist living in 500 BC． B．Galileo Galilei living between 1564 and 1642. C．Isaac Newton living between 1643 and 1727. D．Albert Einstein living between 1879 and 1955. 4．How does the author develop his writing on the whole? A．By comparison and contrast B．By using supporting examples. C．By using time and space order. D．By generalization and definition. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $