Unit 3 Environmental Protection Reading and Thinking-分层同步练习-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

Reading and Thinking 一、必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.Exhausted and 　　　(饥饿的),Tony and his brother decided to find a hotel for the night. 2.Changing that 　　　　　　　(趋势) requires rapidly and greatly reducing fossil fuel use and finding ways to remove more carbon from the atmosphere.  3.Bathed in the harmonious atmosphere,Ben was inspired to s　　　　　　 the opportunity to pursue his own dreams.  4.Every individual can make a difference by choosing green transportation methods,which can effectively reduce the amount of carbon dioxide r　　　　　 into the atmosphere.  5.The live concert is being b　　　　　　 on the music channel right now,attracting a large number of viewers.  Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.A newly developed disposable paper battery promises to make a big impact 　　　　　　　　single-use electronics.  2.Micro-tourism refers 　　　　　　short-distance travel where people drive two or three hours to a nearby destination and spend two or three days.  3.While some waste plastic is recycled,much of it is burnt to produce electricity,resulting 　　　　　　carbon emissions that drive climate change.  4.The formation time of the moon is important as only after that Earth became a(n) 　　　　　　　(habitat) planet.  5.As the important source of water,the glaciers’ change is crucial to the region’s 　　　　　　　(sustain) development.  6.We need to take 　　　　　　　(comprehend) measures to combat climate change,such as planting more trees,improving energy efficiently,and cutting down on carbon dioxide emissions. 7.During the Spring Festival,visitors dressed in new Chinese-style clothing have 　　　　　　(frequent) been spotted at popular tourist attractions.  8.Cycling,which can be done individually as well as in groups,has largely been free from 　　　　　　　(restrict).  Ⅲ.单句写作 1.毫无疑问,森林砍伐对生物多样性和生态系统产生了不利影响。 　　　　　　　　　　　　 deforestation has a bad impact on biodiversity and ecosystem. 2.塑料袋不仅对海洋生物有害,而且还导致了土地污染。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,but they also contribute to land pollution.  3.工业活动对空气质量产生影响,影响着人类健康和生态系统。 Industrial activities 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,affecting human health and ecosystem.  4.个人应当通过节约能源和回收利用来承担减少碳足迹的责任。 Individuals should 　　　　　　　　　　　　reducing their carbon footprint by conserving energy and recycling.  5.如果没有适当的废物管理实践,我们的海洋会因塑料废弃物而遭受更严重的污染。 Without proper waste management practices,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 with plastic waste.  Ⅳ.阅读微写作 请再读“CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLD’S ATTENTION”,注意文中的单词、短语和句型,并完成下列练习。 Activity 1　单句写作 1.近年来,气候变化的趋势越来越明显。(trend) In recent years,　　　　　　　　　　　　 has become more and more obvious.  2.化石燃料的过度使用导致大量温室气体排放,特别是二氧化碳的释放。(emission,release) The over-use of fossil fuels leads to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　of greenhouse gases,especially 　　　　　　of carbon dioxide.  3.冰川正在以惊人的速度融化,许多物种由于生态系统受损而挨饿。(starve) Glaciers are melting at an alarming rate,and 　　　　　　　　　　　　due to the damaged ecosystem.  4.要实现可持续发展,我们必须采取全面行动。(sustainable,comprehensive) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,we must 　　　　　　　　　　　　.  5.我们应该抓住每一个机会,通过使用清洁能源代替化石燃料来减少我们的碳足迹。(seize,footprint) We should 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　by using clean energy instead of fossil fuels. 6.只有这样,我们才能保护环境,确保子孙后代有一个更美好的未来。(only引导的部分倒装句) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and ensure a better future for generations to come. Activity 2　选取上面至少4个句子组成一篇不少于80词的短文(注意使用恰当的衔接词)             二、能力素养提升练 Ⅴ.阅读理解 (2025·山东青州一中高二月考) Sharanya,14,an eighth grader from Challenger School,built a solar-powered trash-collecting robot,which will play a vital role in taking care of the environment. Volunteering in local city cleanups,Sharanya was always saddened to see tons of rubbish still out there after hours’ hard work.“People do have very limited time and resources,but robots don’t.They’ll collect double the amount and work for longer hours,” Sharanya says.“I learned from a science journal that solar panels moving to always face the sun collect more energy than stationary ones.So I determined to design a trash-collecting robot powered by a sun-tracking solar panel.” However,Sharanya had no experience in robotics,so it was a completely new experience.She firmly believed there’s no instant way to success and that it’s just a process of trial and error.Throughout the project,she studied operating instructions repeatedly and had to use tons of power tools and cut pieces of metal to certain lengths.Her dad would come to her rescue whenever she accidentally burned a wire.“It’s difficult to follow the scientific method,but sticking to this and changing just one variable at a time gets you the best results,” Sharanya says. Sharanya’s robot has trash and recycling bins and moves with motorized wheels.The device’s front and back have object-detecting sensors.One end of the robot has a rubbish-collecting moveable arm with a pan to gather objects and drop them into the trash or recycling bins.This pan also contains a metal-detecting sensor to sort metal recyclables into the appropriate place.A solar panel sits at the robot’s other end,extended into the air.Attached to it is a light-tracking device that follows the sun,enabling the solar panel to move accordingly. In tests,the sun-tracking solar panel generated more power than a stationary one over six hours.And the robot correctly identified an object every time it was presented.It picked up items and accurately classified aluminum cans as recyclables 80 percent of the time.Sharanya is confident that the robot will soon sort plastic and glass by striking the items and detecting the difference in their frequencies. 1.What led Sharanya to intend a sun-tracking solar panel for the robot? A.Her survey findings. B.The knowledge she acquired. C.Her social experiences. D.The extra courses she attended. 2.What does paragraph 3 focus on concerning Sharanya? A.What contributed to her success. B.Why she didn’t fear failure. C.Whether goals counted in her work. D.How she was financially supported. 3.What may be the function of the object-detecting sensors? A.To identify colors. B.To locate metal materials. C.To discover garbage. D.To analyze moving routes. 4.What does the author mainly want to say in the last paragraph? A.The robot needs retesting. B.The robot reached no desired effect. C.The robot enjoys wide popularity. D.The robot faces a promising prospect. Ⅵ.七选五 (2025·浙江杭州高二期中) Trash-eating Robots It has become common knowledge that our oceans are filled with garbage.Broken objects,used plastic bottles and so on fill our beaches and cover the ocean floor.　1　 Many individuals and organizations are working to remove the garbage and recent technological developments have given them a new tool to do so:trash-eating robots.  Robots of various shapes have been designed to collect garbage that they find floating in the ocean.For example,the French company IADYS has developed what it calls the jellyfishbot.　2　 It is remotely controlled and can clean up to 1,000 square meters per hour.It contains a net that can hold up to 30 liters.The jellyfishbots’ small size and ability to be easily controlled make them ideal for cleaning up crowded areas such as ports.  　3　 Designed for use on rivers,the Interceptor looks like a boat with a conveyor belt that picks up trash.A shallow barrier attached to the Interceptor guides floating trash to the conveyor belt,but fish can swim under it safely.Once a sensor indicates that the dustbins are full,the Interceptor automatically sends a text message to onshore operators.　4　  Most of the garbage in the oceans comes down rivers.　5　 Hence the Interceptor helps a lot to stop pollution before it enters the ocean.The Interceptor is completely solar-powered and operates on its own,which minimizes the need for human involvement.  Robots are able to clean up large amounts of garbage without humans struggling with beach cleanup by hand.Hopefully,they can be a big part of the solution to ocean pollution. A.It isn’t just about removing the garbage from oceans. B.Immense damages are being caused to ocean creatures. C.If all goes well,they’re hoping to expand the number of the robot. D.This small robot gathers up everything it encounters,including oil. E.To keep the oceans clean,new garbage must be stopped from getting there. F.Then the garbage will be collected and sent to local waste management facilities. G.For more open areas,a larger robot called the Interceptor has a similar function. 知识积累卡 一、重点单词 1.sad adj.　　　　　　　　　　　　→sadness n.　　　　　　　　　　　　→sadden vt.　　　　　　　　　  2.accident n.　　　　　　　　　　→accidental adj.　　　　　　　　　→accidentally adv.　　　　　　　　  3.involve vt.　　　　　　　　　　　　→involved adj.　　　　　　　　→involvement n.　　　　　　　  二、词块速记 trial and error 　　　　　　　  三、经典句式背诵 1.She firmly believed there’s no instant way to success and that it’s just a process of trial and error. 句意:____________________________________________________  2.Attached to it is a light-tracking device that follows the sun,enabling the solar panel to move accordingly. 句意:____________________________________________________  参考答案 Ⅰ.1.starving　2.trend　3.seize　4.released　5.broadcast Ⅱ.1.on　2.to　3.in　4.habitable　5.sustainable 6.comprehensive　7.frequently　8.restriction Ⅲ.1.There is no doubt that　2.Not only do plastic bags harm marine life　3.have an impact on air quality　4.take responsibility for　5.our oceans would be even more polluted Ⅳ.Activity 1 1.the trend of climate change 2.a large amount of emission;the release 3.many species are starving 4.To achieve sustainable development;take comprehensive action 5.seize every opportunity to reduce our carbon footprint 6.Only in this way can we protect our environment Activity 2 In recent years,the trend of climate change has become more and more obvious.The over-use of fossil fuels leads to a large amount of emission of greenhouse gases,especially the release of carbon dioxide.Glaciers are melting at an alarming rate,and many species are starving due to the damaged ecosystem. To achieve sustainable development,we must take comprehensive action.We should seize every opportunity to reduce our carbon footprint by using clean energy instead of fossil fuels.Only in this way can we protect our environment and ensure a better future for generations to come. Ⅴ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了14岁的Sharanya建造了一个太阳能垃圾收集机器人,该机器人将在保护环境方面发挥至关重要的作用。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I learned from a science journal that solar panels moving to always face the sun collect more energy than stationary ones.So I determined to design a trash-collecting robot powered by a sun-tracking solar panel.”可知,Sharanya在一本科学杂志上了解的知识使她打算为机器人设计一个阳光追踪太阳能电池板。故选B项。 2.A　主旨大意题。根据第三段“However,Sharanya had no experience in robotics,so it was a completely new experience.She firmly believed there’s no instant way to success and that it’s just a process of trial and error.Throughout the project,she studied operating instructions repeatedly and had to use tons of power tools and cut pieces of metal to certain lengths.Her dad would come to her rescue whenever she accidentally burned a wire.‘It’s difficult to follow the scientific method,but sticking to this and changing just one variable at a time gets you the best results,’ Sharanya says.”可知,这段主要讲Sharanya的不断的坚持和尝试导致了她的成功。故选A项。 3.C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“One end of the robot has a rubbish-collecting moveable arm with a pan to gather objects and drop them into the trash or recycling bins.This pan also contains a metal-detecting sensor to sort metal recyclables into the appropriate place.”可知,metal-detecting sensor 是用来发现、收集金属的,而object-detecting sensors应该是用来发现、收集垃圾这样的物件的。故选C项。 4.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段“In tests,the sun-tracking solar panel generated more power than a stationary one over six hours.And the robot correctly identified an object every time it was presented.It picked up items and accurately classified aluminum cans as recyclables 80 percent of the time.Sharanya is confident that the robot will soon sort plastic and glass by striking the items and detecting the difference in their frequencies.”可知,作者最后一段想说明该机器人前景广阔。故选D项。 Ⅵ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了海洋垃圾问题严重,介绍了垃圾收集机器人及其应用。 1.B　根据上文“It has become common knowledge that our oceans are filled with garbage.Broken objects,used plastic bottles and so on fill our beaches and cover the ocean floor.”可知,海洋垃圾问题严重,再根据下文“Many individuals and organizations are working to remove this garbage and recent technological developments have given them a new tool to do so:trash-eating robots.”可知,人们正在采取措施,使用垃圾处理机器人来处理海洋垃圾。本空应承上启下,强调海洋垃圾问题严重的结果是海洋生物正在遭受巨大的破坏,并引出下文人们正在采取措施。B项承上启下,符合题意。故选B项。 2.D　根据上文“Robots of various shapes have been designed to collect garbage that they find floating in the ocean.For example,the French company IADYS has developed what it calls the jellyfishbot.”可知,上文介绍了水母机器人的设计目的和开发者,下文“It is remotely controlled and can clean up to 1,000 square meters per hour.It contains a net that can hold up to 30 liters.”进一步介绍了水母机器人的功能和特点。本空应重点说明水母机器人的主要功能,D项说明了水母机器人的主要功能,即收集遇到的垃圾,包括石油,能承上启下,符合题意。故选D项。 3.G　根据下文“Designed for use on rivers,the Interceptor looks like a boat with a conveyor belt that picks up trash.”可知,本段介绍的是另一种机器人——拦截者,它是在河流上使用的。本空应介绍拦截者这种机器人的使用,G项说明了拦截者的使用场景和功能,能引出下文,符合题意。故选G项。 4.F　根据上文“Once a sensor indicates that the dustbins are full,the Interceptor automatically sends a text message to onshore operators.”可知,拦截者会在垃圾桶满时自动通知岸上的操作员,本空应该介绍接下来会发生什么。F项说明了垃圾被收集并处理的后续步骤,能承接上文,符合题意。故选F项。 5.E　根据上文“Most of the garbage in the oceans comes down rivers.”可知,海洋中的垃圾主要来自河流,下文“Hence the Interceptor helps a lot to stop pollution before it enters the ocean.”进一步说明了拦截者的作用。本空应承上启下,强调拦截者必须阻止主要来自河流的新的垃圾进入海洋,E项承上启下,符合题意。故选E项。 知识积累卡 一、1.难过的;令人悲痛的　悲伤;难过　使悲伤;使难过　2.事故;偶然的事　意外的;偶然的　意外地;偶然地　3.包含;需要;使参加　参与的;投入的　参与 二、反复实验 三、1.她坚信成功没有捷径,只是一个试错的过程。 2.附带的还有一个跟踪太阳的光追踪装置,使太阳能电池板能够相应地移动。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $