精品解析：北京中国人民大学附属中学2025-2026学年度第二学期高三2月开学考英语试题

人大附中2026届高三2月自主复习检测练习 英 语 2026年2月 说明：本试卷共8页，共100分；考试时间90分钟；请在答题卡上填写个人信息，并将条形码贴在答题卡的相应位置上。 第一部分：知识运用 (共两节，30分) 第一节 (共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A father and son went to the kite flying festival. The young son became very happy seeing the sky filled with colorful kites. He asked his father to get him a kite and a thread with a roller so he could fly a kite too. So, the father went to the shop at the park where the festival was being held. He purchased kites and a roll of thread for his son. The son started to fly a kite. Soon, his kite ____1____ high up in the sky. The son said, “Father, it seems that the thread is holding up a kite from flying higher. If we cut off the thread, the kite will be ____2____ and will go flying even higher. Can we cut it off?” So, the father cut the thread from a roller. The kite started to go a little higher. That made the son very ____3____. But then, slowly, the kite started to come down. And soon it fell down on the terrace of the unknown building. The young son was surprised and asked his father, “Father, I thought that after cutting off the thread, the kite could freely fly higher. But why did it fall down?” The father explained, “Son, at the ____4____ of life that we live in, we often think there are some things we are tied to and that they are ____5____ us from going higher. The thread was not holding the kite from going higher, but it was helping it stay higher when the wind slowed down and when the wind ____6____, you helped the kite go up higher in a proper direction through the thread. And when we cut the thread, it fell down without the ____7____ you were providing for the kite through the thread.” The son realized his mistake. Sometimes we feel that we can ____8____ quickly and reach new heights if we were not tied up with our family, our home. But we ____9____ to realize that our family, our loved ones help us survive the tough time in our lives with their support and encourage us to reach higher heights in life. They are not ____10____ us, but are supporting us. Never let go of them. 1. A. arrived B. reached C. returned D. left 2. A. free B. light C. tight D. loose 3. A. upset B. anxious C. happy D. depressed 4. A. weight B. place C. height D. quality 5. A. preventing B. banning C. protecting D. tracking 6. A. raised up B. set up C. speeded up D. put up 7. A. trust B. evidence C. flight D. support 8. A. progress B. attach C. absorb D. propose 9. A. promise B. attempt C. happen D. fail 10. A. bullying B. laughing C. holding D. pushing 第二节 (共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The “loong”, commonly referred to as the Chinese dragon, is a legendary creature, deeply embedded in Chinese culture, mythology, and folklore. Unlike its Western counterpart, ____11____ is often portrayed as a malevolent and destructive force, the loong symbolizes power, excellence, good fortune, and harmony in Chinese traditions. It is revered as a national totem and is often associated with natural phenomena such as rain, storms, and water, ____12____ (reflect) its role as a bringer of life and prosperity. The loong ____13____ (be) a central motif in Chinese civilization for thousands of years, influencing art, literature, festivals, and cultural practices. Its enduring significance ____14____ (continue) to captivate people worldwide, making it a symbol of Chinese heritage and cultural pride. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The best way to create lasting change in your life is through habits. Habits keep you going even when motivation fades. The key ____15____ success is to start small and stay consistent. Big goals lead to burnout, so begin with tiny, ____16____ (manage) actions — like a short daily walk instead of a full run. Once these simple habits become automatic, you can gradually build more. Over time, these small changes layer together to shape your lifestyle, turning actions into part of ____17____ you are. The real power lies in steady, natural growth, making long- term progress easier. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 We usually link wisdom to age, ____18____ time alone doesn’t bring it — experience may boost judgment but also breed prejudice or overconfidence. Unlike intelligence or expertise, wisdom is hard ____19____ (identify) : it shows in hesitation, silence and cautious inaction instead of decisive words and deeds. Philosophers across ages all valued wisdom as rational practice in reality rather than abstract brilliance. Modern life urges quick decisions and confident speech, contrary to wisdom’s demand for pause, revision and acceptance of reality. Though wisdom is quiet, belatedly recognized, we should pursue it, for life ____20____ (have) forward while understood backward. 第二部分：阅读理解 (共两节，38分) 第一节 (共14小题；每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Expecting to travel abroad but lacking a loose budget? Interested in meaningful volunteering programs but worried about issues like your security or working conditions? Here comes a right place for you — Kindred Spirit Elephant Sanctuary (保护区) . Highlights ◆Volunteering with elephants and bringing them back into their natural habitat ◆Making a difference in the conservation efforts to save elephants living under awful conditions ◆Helping teach English to the communities and raising awareness about the captive (圈养的) elephant situation ◆Wandering the forests and observe elephant’s natural behaviors in their home environment Our Sanctuary Our sanctuary has rescued 5 elephants from the tourism industry and we have now brought them home to live out their lives in the forest, in semi-wild conditions. We need volunteers to help us keep these elephants happy and healthy in their natural habitat. With volunteer support, we hope to return more elephants to the forest soon. Your tasks ◆Performing research with other group members on the natural elephant behaviors and the surrounding forest ◆Taking part in community projects such as teaching English at the school and to other locals ◆Carrying out litter pick-ups with the kids to educate on waste management Your Rough Schedule: Day 1: Pickup from Chiang Mai at 9 am. Travel through a national park and stunning mountains until you arrive in our unique village. Meet your homestay family and the other volunteers, and immerse yourself in hill tribe culture. Day 2: Wake up early to hike in the forest and find our elephants. Spend the morning recording and learning about these amazing animals and their natural behaviors. Return to the village in the late afternoon and take part in our community & camp & teaching projects. Day 3: Another early start to hike to observe our elephants one last time. Return to Chiang Mai in the afternoon. 21. Which of the following is a feature of volunteer work at the sanctuary? A. Looking after captive elephants with the locals. B. Seeking and observing elephants in natural forests. C. Helping rescue elephants living in the poor environment. D. Teaching people to conserve elephants’ natural habitat. 22. According to the passage, volunteers should _________. A. participate in anti-poverty projects B. have the ability to go hiking C. master local languages and know about tribe culture D. undertake research into wild elephants independently 23. Where does this text most probably come from? A. A vacation brochure. B. A travel diary. C. A geographical essay. D. An educational website B My father loved lists. Over 25 years, he recorded 539 books he read and 322 episodes of Booknotes on C-SPAN, which he watched every Sunday night. He also kept grocery lists for his mini-fridge — Pepsi, coffee, heavy cream — and daily tasks. These notes filled small notebooks, always near his reading chair. He wrote them until December 31, 2004, when cancer stopped him. After his death, I gathered the notebooks into a box. For years, I couldn’t bear to open them. Born in 1927 in Lowell, Massachusetts, my father was the son of a leather factory worker and grandson of an Irish immigrant who cleaned horse manure from the streets. Despite his humble beginnings, he was brilliant. After a summer in the leather factory, he graduated high school at 16 and went on to Boston College. He served in World War II and later earned degrees in physics. Then he worked at MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory, moved his family from Lowell to Boston, and sent his kids to private colleges. It seemed he had left Lowell behind — but not so. Deep down, he saw himself simply as a working-class Lowell kid who had just read a lot of books. He didn’t travel much, and didn’t feel the need. When I asked if he regretted not seeing the world, he defended himself: “I’ve sailed the Atlantic in stormy winds, climbed the Himalayas, and stared down wild animals.” Then he added, “I read.” Books were his world. From them, he learned to survive landslides, shark attacks, and even gorilla attacks. He had what he called “a rich inner life” — and it was true. Shortly before his death, he opened a small purple notebook and began one last list. It described details from 1930s Lowell — things lost in time. Twenty years later, I found it. In his flowing handwriting, Dad reached back to Lowell — a time long gone, now captured only in memory. Lost and only in memory — that was how I was experiencing Dad now. Squinting my eyes, I saw not just the city he loved, but the quiet, extraordinary man I called Dad. 24. Why are the details of the father’s lists mentioned in Paragraph 1? A. To imply his fear of forgetting. B. To show his love for literature and cuisine. C. To reveal his reliance on control. D. To reflect his ordered and thoughtful life. 25. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean? A. He stayed humble and rooted. B. He struggled with his identity. C. His success originated from his roots. D. He felt torn about his background. 26. What does the father’s quote in Paragraph 3 mainly reveal? A. His dream of global travel. B. His pride in inner journeys. C. His desire for real adventure. D. His escape from physical world. 27. What is the main theme of the passage? A. Pursuit and action. B. Loss and regret. C. Ambition and escape. D. Memory and identity. C Predictive coding, a theory originally developed in neuroscience and machine learning, is changing our understanding of the human brain. It proposes that the brain is not a simple receiver of sensory information but an active “prediction machine”. Instead of processing every detail from the beginning, our brains constantly make models of the world and guess what we will see, hear, or feel next. The difference between these predictions and the actual sensory input — termed the “prediction error”— is the only information the brain needs to change its internal models. This efficient system explains why we can easily recognize a friend’s face in a crowd or understand a sentence even with background noise. However, this smart efficiency comes with cognitive trade-offs. A core idea of predictive coding is that perception is in its nature a controlled false image, heavily shaped by what we already believe. This can lead to built-in biases. For instance, in a famous experiment, participants shown a not clear image of a bicycle were later more likely to wrongly recognize similar but not present objects like unicycles, because their brain’s prediction — based on the common idea “wheeled vehicle”— was stronger than the unclear sensory data. Such findings challenge the simple view of perception as an objective camera, suggesting instead that what we “see” is a best guess made by our neural system. The effects go beyond optical illusions (视觉幻觉) into social cognition. Research shows that stereotypes and cultural expectations work as powerful prior beliefs within the predictive coding system. When we meet someone from a group we have ideas about, our brain may reduce prediction errors by ignoring information that goes against our expectations, thereby making stronger pre-existing biases. This neural way of working provides a physical basis for “confirmation bias,” showing how our search for cognitive efficiency can accidentally continue social misunderstandings. Importantly, the brain’s predictive system is not a fixed fate. Neuroplasticity (神经可塑性) makes sure that with continued, attention-driven contact to new and opposite evidence, the brain’s models can be changed. This is the scientific basis of learning and mindfulness practices. By purposely paying attention to prediction errors — those moments when reality surprises us — we can make our internal models change, leading to more correct perceptions and less prejudice. Thus, predictive coding not only explains the beginnings of our biases but also shows a way toward overcoming them, describing the mind as a changing, changeable system rather than a fixed recorder of reality. 28. According to the predictive coding theory, the primary function of the “prediction error” is to _________. A. generate entirely new sensory models from scratch B. create persistent illusions that dominate our perception C. act as the main source of sensory information the brain receives D. serve as the only signal for the brain to correct its internal predictions 29. The experiment involving the unclear bicycle image is mentioned to illustrate _________. A. the superiority of human visual processing B. how prior beliefs can change perceptual judgment C. the difficulty in recognizing uncommon objects D. the complete unreliability of human senses 30. Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the passage? A. Prediction and Perception: How the Brain Constructs Reality B. The Passive Brain: A Receiver of Information C. The End of Stereotypes: A Neuroscience Perspective D. Sensory Overload: The Brain’s Processing Challenge D Public distrust of scientists has developed partly from the blurring of boundaries between science and technology, between discovery and manufacture. Most governments, perhaps all governments, justify public spending on scientific research in terms of the economic benefits the scientific enterprise has brought in the past and will bring in the future. Politicians remind their voters of the splendid machines “our scientists” have invented, the new drugs to relieve old disorders, and the new surgical equipment and techniques by which previously unmanageable conditions may now be treated and lives saved. At the same time, the politicians demand of scientists that they tailor their research to “economics needs”, and that they give higher priority to research proposals that are “near the market” and can be translated into the greatest return on investment in the shortest time. Dependent on politicians for much of their funding, scientists have little choice but to comply. Like the rest of us, they are members of a society that rates the creation of wealth as the greatest possible good. Many have reservations, but keep them to themselves in what they consider as a climate hostile to the pursuit of understanding for its own sake and the idea of an inquiring, creative spirit. In such circumstances no one should be too hard on people who are suspicious of conflicts of interest. When we learn that the distinguished professor assuring us of the safety of a particular product holds a consultancy with the company making it, we cannot be blamed for wondering whether his fee might cloud his professional judgment. Even if the professor holds no consultancy with any firm, some people may still distrust him because of his association with those who do, or at least wonder about the source of some of his research funding. This attitude can have damaging effects. It questions the integrity of individuals working in a profession that honors intellectual honesty as the supreme virtue, and plays into the hands of those who would like to discredit scientists by representing them as corruptible. This makes it easier to dismiss all scientific pronouncements, but especially those made by the scientists who present themselves as “experts”. The scientist most likely to understand the safety of a nuclear reactor, for example, is a nuclear engineer, and a nuclear engineer is most likely to be employed by the nuclear industry. If a nuclear engineer declares that a reactor is unsafe, we believe him, because clearly it is not to his advantage to lie about it. If he tells us it is safe, on the other hand, we distrust him, because he may well be protecting the employer who pays his salary. 31. What is the chief concern of most governments when it comes to scientific research? A. The reduction of public expenditure. B. Quick economic returns. C. The budget for a research project. D. Support from the voters 32. Why won’t scientists complain about the government’s policy concerning scientific research? A. They realize they work in an environment hostile to the pure pursuit of knowledge. B. They think compliance with government policy is in the interests of the public. C. They are accustomed to keeping their opinions to themselves. D. They know it takes patience to win support from the public. 33. People are suspicious of the professional judgment of scientists because _________. A. their pronouncements often turn out to be wrong B. some of them do not give priority to intellectual honesty C. sometimes they hide the source of their research funding D. they could be influenced by their link with the project concerned 34. The author says that public distrust of scientists can have damaging effects because _________. A. it may wear out the enthusiasm of scientists for independent research B. scientists themselves may doubt the value of their research findings C. people will not believe scientists even when they tell the truth D. it makes things difficult for scientists to seek research funds 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The anxiety about the consequences of generative AI is mounting. Kristalina Georgieva, head of IMF, has warned of a job-crushing “tsunami”. Jamie Dion, a leading figure in American finance, says governments should ban lay-offs if it “saves society”. Yet so far labor markets seem untroubled. In America the number of white-collar jobs has gone up by 3 million since ChatGPT was launched, while blue-collar jobs have stayed flat. ____35____ It excels at some tasks but then confidently spouts nonsense in others. This unpredictability means companies need to spend time working out where to apply AI. Moreover, business processes don’t change overnight. Electricity was first harnessed commercially in the 1880s, but took 40 to 50 years to generate productivity gains in factories. ____36____ This friction should be good news for those worrying about the speed of technological change. The time intervals between invention and diffusion can be used to work out how to help those most at the risk of being displaced. ____37____ AI tools could make these roles more productive, profitable and even more enjoyable: think of a doctor liberated from paperwork. And new technology tends to create jobs. Already there is a rise in white-collar jobs that are so new they have no label in the statistics. Yet some roles also look dangerously exposed to automation. Much back-office work involves simple tasks and following a script. Young people in entry-level positions are often asked to crunch data, or summarize reports — precisely the sort of things AIs excel at. What to do? Unlike factory work or mining, back-office and entry-level jobs are not concentrated in company towns. ____38____ But governments must also encourage movement by keeping labor markets flexible, rather than barred lay-offs. Education will need a major update to include AI instruction and the complementary skills it demands. The biggest mistake would be to stop hiring young people altogether. That would choke off the pipeline for future talent and rob businesses of AI natives. ____39____ They should provide fewer repetitive, low-skill tasks and more work centered on judgment and critical analysis. They should also offer speedier rotations across the business so young employees gain insights that AI cannot replicate. Disruption and job losses will be unavoidable. Such is the nature of technological progress. But there is still time to cushion the blow. It should not be wasted. A. The course of AI is uncertain, obviously. B. New opportunities should therefore be easier to find. C. One reason for the slow impact of AI technology is its “uneven skill set”. D. Instead, companies should rethink the type of work they offer young people. E. Many jobs require skills that are hard to automate, such as judgment or empathy. F. Employment has risen even in areas that have been keen adopters, such as coding. G. This time, too, companies must think about how to encourage workers to use AI and mitigate the problems it poses. 第三部分：书面表达 (共两节，32分) 第一节 (共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 With society’s high pressures to achieve, it’s understandable that individuals prefer to hide their weak points—but doing so comes at a cost. I learned that lesson when I participated in a hiking expedition. As a new hiker, I struggled. The trip was difficult to me even without needing to carry my heavy camping packs. I was slowed down, yet I refused to tell my teammates in hopes that I would seem perseverant. To my delight and surprise, one of the more active members requested that we stop for a break. I quickly realized I wasn’t the only one hiding my weaknesses after noticing the rest of the team’s apparent relief. For many of us, authenticity, or behaving as one’s true self in daily life, is quite challenging. As social beings, we’ve learned to adapt and fit into our environment, making it challenging to display who we are at times. Yet, the advantage of authenticity is evident, driving its recent popularity among thought leaders. Authenticity even improved my hiking experience—the moment my group admitted to our shortcomings was when we started working better as a team. So, can being ourselves not only help us work better, but help those who workaround us? The truth is, it can. Researchers have found that not only did authentic workers have higher work engagement and lower work tiredness, but their teammates had the same results, regardless of whether they were genuine themselves. The results suggest that the benefits of authenticity go beyond the individual, and spread to teammates as well. So, we can improve our teammates’ work behavior by merely being ourselves. Why does authenticity boost our teammates? This is because authentic teammates do not prioritize protecting themselves at the cost of their work or relationships. Instead, they recognize the interests of both themselves and others when making decisions. This allows those they work with to feel safe while being themselves at work. By focusing lesson appearing hard-working in hopes to get ahead—and more on trying to be better all-around individuals—authentic teammates can make a great impact on their work environment. 40. How did the author feel when one team member asked for a rest during the hiking? _______________________________________________________________ 41. Why is it hard for people to display their true selves? _______________________________________________________________ 42. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why. Authentic workers feel safe by being then selves at work, so authenticity boosts their teammates. _______________________________________________________________ 43. Apart from what is mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s) do you think authenticity can bring to us?(In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________ 第二节 (20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国笔友 Jim 在来信中提到，他对你们在寒假期间进行的“分组学习” (group study) 很感兴趣。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括： 1. 介绍你们分组学习的具体情况 (如小组构成、学习方式等) ； 2. 谈谈你的个人收获或感受 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 题目已给出，不计入总词数。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人大附中2026届高三2月自主复习检测练习 英 语 2026年2月 说明：本试卷共8页，共100分；考试时间90分钟；请在答题卡上填写个人信息，并将条形码贴在答题卡的相应位置上。 第一部分：知识运用 (共两节，30分) 第一节 (共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A father and son went to the kite flying festival. The young son became very happy seeing the sky filled with colorful kites. He asked his father to get him a kite and a thread with a roller so he could fly a kite too. So, the father went to the shop at the park where the festival was being held. He purchased kites and a roll of thread for his son. The son started to fly a kite. Soon, his kite ____1____ high up in the sky. The son said, “Father, it seems that the thread is holding up a kite from flying higher. If we cut off the thread, the kite will be ____2____ and will go flying even higher. Can we cut it off?” So, the father cut the thread from a roller. The kite started to go a little higher. That made the son very ____3____. But then, slowly, the kite started to come down. And soon it fell down on the terrace of the unknown building. The young son was surprised and asked his father, “Father, I thought that after cutting off the thread, the kite could freely fly higher. But why did it fall down?” The father explained, “Son, at the ____4____ of life that we live in, we often think there are some things we are tied to and that they are ____5____ us from going higher. The thread was not holding the kite from going higher, but it was helping it stay higher when the wind slowed down and when the wind ____6____, you helped the kite go up higher in a proper direction through the thread. And when we cut the thread, it fell down without the ____7____ you were providing for the kite through the thread.” The son realized his mistake. Sometimes we feel that we can ____8____ quickly and reach new heights if we were not tied up with our family, our home. But we ____9____ to realize that our family, our loved ones help us survive the tough time in our lives with their support and encourage us to reach higher heights in life. They are not ____10____ us, but are supporting us. Never let go of them. 1. A. arrived B. reached C. returned D. left 2. A. free B. light C. tight D. loose 3. A. upset B. anxious C. happy D. depressed 4. A. weight B. place C. height D. quality 5. A. preventing B. banning C. protecting D. tracking 6. A. raised up B. set up C. speeded up D. put up 7. A. trust B. evidence C. flight D. support 8. A. progress B. attach C. absorb D. propose 9. A. promise B. attempt C. happen D. fail 10. A. bullying B. laughing C. holding D. pushing 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了父子放风筝悟出的人生道理。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，他的风筝升到了高空。A. arrived到达（通常与at/in连用）；B. reached到达（及物动词，可直接接宾语）；C. returned返回；D. left离开。根据后文“high up in the sky”可知，此处指风筝到达了高空，reach 可直接接地点或高度。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我们剪断线，风筝就会自由了，会飞得更高。A. free自由的；B. light轻的；C. tight紧的；D. loose松的。根据后文“and will go flying even higher”可知，儿子认为剪断线风筝就自由了。故选A。 【3题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这让儿子非常高兴。A. upset沮丧的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. happy高兴的；D. depressed抑郁的。根据前文“The kite started to go a little higher.”可知，风筝飞得更高了，儿子应该是高兴的。故选C。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们生活的这个高度，我们常常认为有一些东西束缚着我们，阻止我们飞得更高。A. weight重量；B. place地方；C. height高度；D. quality质量。根据后文“we often think there are some things we are tied to and that they are us from going higher.”可知，此处用风筝的高度比喻人生高度，与后文“go higher”呼应。故选C。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们生活的这个高度，我们常常认为有一些东西束缚着我们，阻止我们飞得更高。A. preventing阻止；B. banning禁止；C. protecting保护；D. tracking追踪。根据前文“we often think there are some things we are tied to”以及后文“us from going higher.”可知，此处指一些东西阻止我们飞得更高，prevent sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”。故选A。 【6题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：线并没有阻止风筝飞得更高，而是当风速减慢时帮助它保持在高空，当风速加快时，你通过线帮助风筝朝正确的方向飞得更高。A. raised up举起；B. set up建立；C. speeded up加速；D. put up张贴。根据后文“you helped the kite go up higher in a proper direction through the thread”可知，此处指风速加快时风筝更容易升高。故选C。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们剪断线时，风筝在没有你通过线提供的支撑的情况下掉了下来。A. trust信任；B. evidence证据；C. flight飞行；D. support支撑。根据前文“but it was helping it stay higher when the wind slowed down”可知，线给风筝提供了支撑，与后文家人的支持呼应。故选D。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时候，我们觉得如果我们不被家庭、家所束缚，我们就能迅速进步，达到新的高度。A. progress进步；B. attach依附；C. absorb吸收；D. propose提议。根据后文“reach new heights”可知，此处指迅速进步。故选A。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们没有意识到，我们的家人、我们所爱的人用他们的支持帮助我们度过生活中的艰难时期，并鼓励我们在生活中达到更高的高度。A. promise承诺；B. attempt尝试；C. happen发生；D. fail失败，未能(做到)。根据前文转折词“But”及后文“to realize that our family, our loved ones help us survive the tough time in our lives with their support and encourage us to reach higher heights in life”可知，此处指我们没有意识到家人的支持对我们的重要性，fail to do sth.“未能做某事”。故选D。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们不是在束缚我们，而是在支持我们。A. bullying欺负；B. laughing嘲笑；C. holding握住，束缚；D. pushing推。根据前文“The thread was not holding the kite from going higher”及“Sometimes we feel that we can quickly and reach new heights if we were not tied up with our family, our home.”可知，与前文“holding the kite”呼应，此处表示束缚、拖住。故选C。 第二节 (共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The “loong”, commonly referred to as the Chinese dragon, is a legendary creature, deeply embedded in Chinese culture, mythology, and folklore. Unlike its Western counterpart, ____11____ is often portrayed as a malevolent and destructive force, the loong symbolizes power, excellence, good fortune, and harmony in Chinese traditions. It is revered as a national totem and is often associated with natural phenomena such as rain, storms, and water, ____12____ (reflect) its role as a bringer of life and prosperity. The loong ____13____ (be) a central motif in Chinese civilization for thousands of years, influencing art, literature, festivals, and cultural practices. Its enduring significance ____14____ (continue) to captivate people worldwide, making it a symbol of Chinese heritage and cultural pride. 【答案】11. which 12. reflecting 13. has been 14. continues 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍中国龙的文化内涵与象征意义及世界影响。 【11题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：与西方文化中常常被描绘成邪恶和破坏性力量的龙不同，在中国传统中，中国龙象征着权力、卓越、好运与和谐。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是its Western counterpart，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它被尊为国家的图腾，常与雨、风暴和水等自然现象联系在一起，反映了它作为生命和繁荣带来者的角色。空处作状语，与主句为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填reflecting。 【13题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：几千年来，龙一直是中华文明的核心主题，影响着艺术、文学、节日和文化习俗。根据时间状语for thousands of years可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语为单数，助动词用has。故填has been。 【14题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：它持久的意义继续吸引着全世界的人们，使其成为中国遗产和文化自豪感的象征。句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为单数意义，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填continues。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The best way to create lasting change in your life is through habits. Habits keep you going even when motivation fades. The key ____15____ success is to start small and stay consistent. Big goals lead to burnout, so begin with tiny, ____16____ (manage) actions — like a short daily walk instead of a full run. Once these simple habits become automatic, you can gradually build more. Over time, these small changes layer together to shape your lifestyle, turning actions into part of ____17____ you are. The real power lies in steady, natural growth, making long- term progress easier. 【答案】15. to 16. manageable 17. who 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了培养习惯是实现生活持久改变的最佳方式，强调从微小、易管理的行动开始，坚持下去就能让小改变逐步塑造生活方式，实现长期进步。 【15题详解】 考查介词。句意：成功的关键是从小处着手并保持始终如一。“the key to sth.”为固定搭配，意为“……的关键”，to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词辑，故填to。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：远大的目标会导致倦怠，所以从微小、易管理的行动开始——比如每天短时间散步，而不是全程跑步。修饰名词actions用形容词，manage的形容词形式是manageable，意为“易管理的，可处理的”，故填manageable。 【17题详解】 考查宾语从句连接词。句意：随着时间的推移，这些微小的改变层层叠加，塑造你的生活方式，将行动转化为你的一部分。本空引导宾语从句，从句中缺少表语，且指代人，需用连接词who引导，故填who。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 We usually link wisdom to age, ____18____ time alone doesn’t bring it — experience may boost judgment but also breed prejudice or overconfidence. Unlike intelligence or expertise, wisdom is hard ____19____ (identify) : it shows in hesitation, silence and cautious inaction instead of decisive words and deeds. Philosophers across ages all valued wisdom as rational practice in reality rather than abstract brilliance. Modern life urges quick decisions and confident speech, contrary to wisdom’s demand for pause, revision and acceptance of reality. Though wisdom is quiet, belatedly recognized, we should pursue it, for life ____20____ (have) forward while understood backward. 【答案】18. but 19. to identify 20. is had 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章指出智慧不随年龄自然而来，而是应该在生活中追求智慧。 【18题详解】 考查连词。句意：我们通常认为智慧与年龄有关，但仅仅时间本身并不能带来智慧。空处应用连词，连接两个并列句，由句意可知，两句之间为转折关系，故应用并列连词but。故填but。 【19题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：与智力或专业知识不同，智慧是难以识别的。identify为动词，表示“识别、确认”，由谓语动词is可知，空处应用其非谓语动词形式；固定结构“主语+be hard to do”中，动词不定式to do为主动表被动，与主语之间构成动宾关系，故wisdom is hard to identify表示“智慧是难以被识别的”，符合句意。故填to identify。 【20题详解】 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：尽管智慧是默默无闻的，且往往是在事后才被人们所认识，但我们仍应去追寻它。因为生活是在向前推进的同时，才得以被我们在事后理解的。动词have在句中作谓语，have life forward表示“向前生活”，结合understood可知，have与life为被动关系，且谓语为单数；根据上句谓语动词is和句意可知，该句表示客观事实，应用一般现在时。故填is had。 第二部分：阅读理解 (共两节，38分) 第一节 (共14小题；每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Expecting to travel abroad but lacking a loose budget? Interested in meaningful volunteering programs but worried about issues like your security or working conditions? Here comes a right place for you — Kindred Spirit Elephant Sanctuary (保护区) . Highlights ◆Volunteering with elephants and bringing them back into their natural habitat ◆Making a difference in the conservation efforts to save elephants living under awful conditions ◆Helping teach English to the communities and raising awareness about the captive (圈养的) elephant situation ◆Wandering the forests and observe elephant’s natural behaviors in their home environment Our Sanctuary Our sanctuary has rescued 5 elephants from the tourism industry and we have now brought them home to live out their lives in the forest, in semi-wild conditions. We need volunteers to help us keep these elephants happy and healthy in their natural habitat. With volunteer support, we hope to return more elephants to the forest soon. Your tasks ◆Performing research with other group members on the natural elephant behaviors and the surrounding forest ◆Taking part in community projects such as teaching English at the school and to other locals ◆Carrying out litter pick-ups with the kids to educate on waste management Your Rough Schedule: Day 1: Pickup from Chiang Mai at 9 am. Travel through a national park and stunning mountains until you arrive in our unique village. Meet your homestay family and the other volunteers, and immerse yourself in hill tribe culture. Day 2: Wake up early to hike in the forest and find our elephants. Spend the morning recording and learning about these amazing animals and their natural behaviors. Return to the village in the late afternoon and take part in our community & camp & teaching projects. Day 3: Another early start to hike to observe our elephants one last time. Return to Chiang Mai in the afternoon. 21. Which of the following is a feature of volunteer work at the sanctuary? A. Looking after captive elephants with the locals. B. Seeking and observing elephants in natural forests. C. Helping rescue elephants living in the poor environment. D. Teaching people to conserve elephants’ natural habitat. 22. According to the passage, volunteers should _________. A. participate in anti-poverty projects B. have the ability to go hiking C. master local languages and know about tribe culture D. undertake research into wild elephants independently 23. Where does this text most probably come from? A. A vacation brochure. B. A travel diary. C. A geographical essay. D. An educational website 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章是Kindred Spirit大象保护区的志愿者招募信息。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段Highlights中的“Making a difference in the conservation efforts to save elephants living under awful conditions(为保护生活在恶劣环境下的大象做出了贡献。)”和Our Sanctuary中的“Our sanctuary has rescued 5 elephants from the tourism industry and we have now brought them home to live out their lives in the forest, in semi-wild conditions.(我们的保护区已经从旅游业中解救了 5 头大象，并且现在已将它们带回森林中生活，让它们在半野生的环境中生活。)”可知，保护去志愿者工作的一个特点就帮助拯救生活在恶劣环境中的大象。故选C。 【22题详解】 推理判断题。根据Your Rough Schedule中的“Travel through a national park and stunning mountains until you arrive in our unique village.(穿过国家公园和壮丽的山脉，直到抵达我们独特的村庄。)”、“Wake up early to hike in the forest and find our elephants.(早起去森林徒步，找到我们的大象。)”和“Another early start to hike to observe our elephants one last time. Return to Chiang Mai in the afternoon.(清晨再次早起徒步，最后一次观察我们的大象。下午返回清迈。)”可推知，作为一名志愿者，应该具有连续几天徒步旅行的能力。故选B。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Expecting to travel abroad but lacking a loose budget? Interested in meaningful volunteering programs but worried about issues like your security or working conditions? Here comes a right place for you — Kindred Spirit Elephant Sanctuary (保护区) .(想要出国旅行却没有宽松的预算？对有意义的志愿者项目感兴趣却担心安全或工作条件等问题？这里有一个适合你的地方——志同道合大象保护区。)”可知，出国旅游或是作志愿者一般都是假期可以进行的活动，故本文可能出自一个假日宣传册。故选A。 B My father loved lists. Over 25 years, he recorded 539 books he read and 322 episodes of Booknotes on C-SPAN, which he watched every Sunday night. He also kept grocery lists for his mini-fridge — Pepsi, coffee, heavy cream — and daily tasks. These notes filled small notebooks, always near his reading chair. He wrote them until December 31, 2004, when cancer stopped him. After his death, I gathered the notebooks into a box. For years, I couldn’t bear to open them. Born in 1927 in Lowell, Massachusetts, my father was the son of a leather factory worker and grandson of an Irish immigrant who cleaned horse manure from the streets. Despite his humble beginnings, he was brilliant. After a summer in the leather factory, he graduated high school at 16 and went on to Boston College. He served in World War II and later earned degrees in physics. Then he worked at MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory, moved his family from Lowell to Boston, and sent his kids to private colleges. It seemed he had left Lowell behind — but not so. Deep down, he saw himself simply as a working-class Lowell kid who had just read a lot of books. He didn’t travel much, and didn’t feel the need. When I asked if he regretted not seeing the world, he defended himself: “I’ve sailed the Atlantic in stormy winds, climbed the Himalayas, and stared down wild animals.” Then he added, “I read.” Books were his world. From them, he learned to survive landslides, shark attacks, and even gorilla attacks. He had what he called “a rich inner life” — and it was true. Shortly before his death, he opened a small purple notebook and began one last list. It described details from 1930s Lowell — things lost in time. Twenty years later, I found it. In his flowing handwriting, Dad reached back to Lowell — a time long gone, now captured only in memory. Lost and only in memory — that was how I was experiencing Dad now. Squinting my eyes, I saw not just the city he loved, but the quiet, extraordinary man I called Dad. 24. Why are the details of the father’s lists mentioned in Paragraph 1? A. To imply his fear of forgetting. B. To show his love for literature and cuisine. C. To reveal his reliance on control. D. To reflect his ordered and thoughtful life. 25. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean? A. He stayed humble and rooted. B. He struggled with his identity. C. His success originated from his roots. D. He felt torn about his background. 26. What does the father’s quote in Paragraph 3 mainly reveal? A. His dream of global travel. B. His pride in inner journeys. C. His desire for real adventure. D. His escape from physical world. 27. What is the main theme of the passage? A. Pursuit and action. B. Loss and regret. C. Ambition and escape. D. Memory and identity. 【答案】24. D 25. A 26. B 27. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者回忆父亲生前记录的各类清单，展现父亲对生活的认真态度，同时借父亲虽离开故乡却始终心怀故土，以及父亲对阅读和内心世界的热爱，探讨了记忆与身份认同的主题。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“My father loved lists. Over 25 years, he recorded 539 books he read and 322 episodes of Booknotes on C-SPAN, which he watched every Sunday night. He also kept grocery lists for his mini-fridge — Pepsi, coffee, heavy cream — and daily tasks. These notes filled small notebooks, always near his reading chair. (我父亲喜欢列清单。在25多年的时间里，他记录了自己读过的539本书，以及每周日晚上在C-SPAN上观看的322集《书话》。他还为他的迷你冰箱列了食品杂货清单——百事可乐、咖啡、浓奶油——以及日常任务。这些笔记填满了小笔记本，总是放在他读书的椅子旁边)”可知，作者详细描述父亲各类清单的内容和持久性，是为了展现父亲生活有序、思维缜密、富有条理的特点。故选D项。 【25题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Despite his humble beginnings, he was brilliant. After a summer in the leather factory, he graduated high school at 16 and went on to Boston College. He served in World War II and later earned degrees in physics. Then he worked at MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory, moved his family from Lowell to Boston, and sent his kids to private colleges. (尽管他出身卑微，但他很聪明。在皮革厂度过一个夏天后，他16岁高中毕业，随后进入波士顿学院。他参加了第二次世界大战，后来获得了物理学学位。然后，他在麻省理工学院的林肯实验室工作，把家从洛厄尔搬到了波士顿，并送孩子上私立大学)”和“Deep down, he saw himself simply as a working-class Lowell kid who had just read a lot of books. (在他的内心深处，他只是把自己看作是一个读了很多书的洛厄尔工人阶级的孩子)”可知，父亲虽然取得了成功，但他内心深处仍然认为自己是一个来自洛厄尔的工人阶级的孩子。由此可推知，尽管父亲取得了世俗意义上的成功，但他内心依然保持谦逊，并深深认同自己的出身根源。故划线句子的意思是“他仍然保持谦逊并深深认同自己的出身”。故选A项。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“When I asked if he regretted not seeing the world, he defended himself: “I’ve sailed the Atlantic in stormy winds, climbed the Himalayas, and stared down wild animals.” Then he added, “I read.” Books were his world. From them, he learned to survive landslides, shark attacks, and even gorilla attacks. He had what he called “a rich inner life” — and it was true. (当我问他是否后悔没有去看看世界时，他为自己辩护道：“我在暴风中横渡过大西洋，攀登过喜马拉雅山，还以目光逼退过野生动物。”然后他补充道：“我读书。”书就是他的世界。从书中，他学会了在山体滑坡、鲨鱼袭击，甚至大猩猩袭击中生存下来。他拥有他所谓的“丰富的内心生活”——这是真的)”可知，父亲的回应表明他通过阅读实现了精神上的冒险与探索，并为此感到自豪，这揭示了他对内心精神旅程的自豪。故选B项。 【27题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“In his flowing handwriting, Dad reached back to Lowell — a time long gone, now captured only in memory. Lost and only in memory — that was how I was experiencing Dad now. (父亲用他流畅的笔迹，回到了洛厄尔——那段早已逝去的时光，如今只能在记忆中捕捉。失去，只在记忆中——这就是我现在对父亲的感受)”可知，文章通过作者回忆父亲生前记录的各类清单，展现父亲对生活的认真态度，同时借父亲虽离开故乡却始终心怀故土，以及父亲对阅读和内心世界的热爱，探讨了记忆与身份认同的主题。故选D项。 C Predictive coding, a theory originally developed in neuroscience and machine learning, is changing our understanding of the human brain. It proposes that the brain is not a simple receiver of sensory information but an active “prediction machine”. Instead of processing every detail from the beginning, our brains constantly make models of the world and guess what we will see, hear, or feel next. The difference between these predictions and the actual sensory input — termed the “prediction error”— is the only information the brain needs to change its internal models. This efficient system explains why we can easily recognize a friend’s face in a crowd or understand a sentence even with background noise. However, this smart efficiency comes with cognitive trade-offs. A core idea of predictive coding is that perception is in its nature a controlled false image, heavily shaped by what we already believe. This can lead to built-in biases. For instance, in a famous experiment, participants shown a not clear image of a bicycle were later more likely to wrongly recognize similar but not present objects like unicycles, because their brain’s prediction — based on the common idea “wheeled vehicle”— was stronger than the unclear sensory data. Such findings challenge the simple view of perception as an objective camera, suggesting instead that what we “see” is a best guess made by our neural system. The effects go beyond optical illusions (视觉幻觉) into social cognition. Research shows that stereotypes and cultural expectations work as powerful prior beliefs within the predictive coding system. When we meet someone from a group we have ideas about, our brain may reduce prediction errors by ignoring information that goes against our expectations, thereby making stronger pre-existing biases. This neural way of working provides a physical basis for “confirmation bias,” showing how our search for cognitive efficiency can accidentally continue social misunderstandings. Importantly, the brain’s predictive system is not a fixed fate. Neuroplasticity (神经可塑性) makes sure that with continued, attention-driven contact to new and opposite evidence, the brain’s models can be changed. This is the scientific basis of learning and mindfulness practices. By purposely paying attention to prediction errors — those moments when reality surprises us — we can make our internal models change, leading to more correct perceptions and less prejudice. Thus, predictive coding not only explains the beginnings of our biases but also shows a way toward overcoming them, describing the mind as a changing, changeable system rather than a fixed recorder of reality. 28. According to the predictive coding theory, the primary function of the “prediction error” is to _________. A. generate entirely new sensory models from scratch B. create persistent illusions that dominate our perception C. act as the main source of sensory information the brain receives D. serve as the only signal for the brain to correct its internal predictions 29. The experiment involving the unclear bicycle image is mentioned to illustrate _________. A. the superiority of human visual processing B. how prior beliefs can change perceptual judgment C. the difficulty in recognizing uncommon objects D. the complete unreliability of human senses 30. Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the passage? A. Prediction and Perception: How the Brain Constructs Reality B. The Passive Brain: A Receiver of Information C. The End of Stereotypes: A Neuroscience Perspective D. Sensory Overload: The Brain’s Processing Challenge 【答案】28. D 29. B 30. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了预测编码理论，该理论认为大脑是一个主动的“预测机器”，通过预测与实际感官输入之间的差异来不断调整和优化其内部模型，同时探讨了这一理论在认知偏差、社会认知以及神经可塑性方面的应用和影响。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The difference between these predictions and the actual sensory input — termed the “prediction error” — is the only information the brain needs to change its internal models. (这些预测与实际感官输入之间的差异——被称为“预测误差”——是大脑改变其内部模型所需的唯一信息。)”可知，根据预测编码理论，“预测误差”的主要功能是作为大脑修正其内部预测的唯一信号。故选D项。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“A core idea of predictive coding is that perception is in its nature a controlled false image, heavily shaped by what we already believe. This can lead to built-in biases. For instance, in a famous experiment, participants shown a not clear image of a bicycle were later more likely to wrongly recognize similar but not present objects like unicycles, because their brain’s prediction — based on the common idea “wheeled vehicle” — was stronger than the unclear sensory data. Such findings challenge the simple view of perception as an objective camera, suggesting instead that what we “see” is a best guess made by our neural system. (预测编码理论的核心观点认为，感知本质上是一种受控的虚假影像，深受我们既有信念的影响。这种机制可能导致固有的认知偏差。例如，在一个著名实验中，参与者观看了一张模糊的自行车图片后，更容易错误地识别出类似但实际未出现的物体(如独轮车)。这是因为他们大脑基于“带轮交通工具”这一常见概念作出的预测，比模糊的感官输入更加强烈。这类发现挑战了“感知如同客观摄像机”的简单观点，转而揭示出我们所“看见”的其实是神经系统作出的最佳推测。)”可知，参与者因大脑基于“带轮子的车辆”这一常见概念进行预测，而更可能错误识别独轮车。这个例子是为了说明先前的信念(如常见概念)如何改变知觉判断。故选B项。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Predictive coding, a theory originally developed in neuroscience and machine learning, is changing our understanding of the human brain. It proposes that the brain is not a simple receiver of sensory information but an active “prediction machine”. (预测编码，这一最初在神经科学和机器学习领域发展起来的理论，正在改变我们对人类大脑的理解。它提出大脑不是感官信息的简单接收者，而是一个主动的“预测机器”。)”可知，文章主要介绍了预测编码理论，核心观点是大脑通过主动预测(而非被动接收)来构建我们对现实的感知(perception)，并详细阐述了这一过程如何运作、可能带来的偏见以及改变的可能性。A项“Prediction and Perception: How the Brain Constructs Reality (预测与感知：大脑如何构建现实)”是最佳标题。故选A项。 D Public distrust of scientists has developed partly from the blurring of boundaries between science and technology, between discovery and manufacture. Most governments, perhaps all governments, justify public spending on scientific research in terms of the economic benefits the scientific enterprise has brought in the past and will bring in the future. Politicians remind their voters of the splendid machines “our scientists” have invented, the new drugs to relieve old disorders, and the new surgical equipment and techniques by which previously unmanageable conditions may now be treated and lives saved. At the same time, the politicians demand of scientists that they tailor their research to “economics needs”, and that they give higher priority to research proposals that are “near the market” and can be translated into the greatest return on investment in the shortest time. Dependent on politicians for much of their funding, scientists have little choice but to comply. Like the rest of us, they are members of a society that rates the creation of wealth as the greatest possible good. Many have reservations, but keep them to themselves in what they consider as a climate hostile to the pursuit of understanding for its own sake and the idea of an inquiring, creative spirit. In such circumstances no one should be too hard on people who are suspicious of conflicts of interest. When we learn that the distinguished professor assuring us of the safety of a particular product holds a consultancy with the company making it, we cannot be blamed for wondering whether his fee might cloud his professional judgment. Even if the professor holds no consultancy with any firm, some people may still distrust him because of his association with those who do, or at least wonder about the source of some of his research funding. This attitude can have damaging effects. It questions the integrity of individuals working in a profession that honors intellectual honesty as the supreme virtue, and plays into the hands of those who would like to discredit scientists by representing them as corruptible. This makes it easier to dismiss all scientific pronouncements, but especially those made by the scientists who present themselves as “experts”. The scientist most likely to understand the safety of a nuclear reactor, for example, is a nuclear engineer, and a nuclear engineer is most likely to be employed by the nuclear industry. If a nuclear engineer declares that a reactor is unsafe, we believe him, because clearly it is not to his advantage to lie about it. If he tells us it is safe, on the other hand, we distrust him, because he may well be protecting the employer who pays his salary. 31. What is the chief concern of most governments when it comes to scientific research? A. The reduction of public expenditure. B. Quick economic returns. C. The budget for a research project. D. Support from the voters 32. Why won’t scientists complain about the government’s policy concerning scientific research? A. They realize they work in an environment hostile to the pure pursuit of knowledge. B. They think compliance with government policy is in the interests of the public. C. They are accustomed to keeping their opinions to themselves. D. They know it takes patience to win support from the public. 33. People are suspicious of the professional judgment of scientists because _________. A. their pronouncements often turn out to be wrong B. some of them do not give priority to intellectual honesty C. sometimes they hide the source of their research funding D. they could be influenced by their link with the project concerned 34. The author says that public distrust of scientists can have damaging effects because _________. A. it may wear out the enthusiasm of scientists for independent research B. scientists themselves may doubt the value of their research findings C. people will not believe scientists even when they tell the truth D. it makes things difficult for scientists to seek research funds 【答案】31. B 32. A 33. D 34. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要分析公众不信任科学家的原因、背后的利益冲突，以及这种不信任带来的破坏性后果。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Most governments, perhaps all governments, justify public spending on scientific research in terms of the economic benefits the scientific enterprise has brought in the past and will bring in the future.(大多数政府，也许所有政府，都以科学事业过去和未来带来的经济效益来证明公共科研支出的合理性。)”和“At the same time, the politicians demand of scientists that they tailor their research to “economics needs”, and that they give higher priority to research proposals that are “near the market” and can be translated into the greatest return on investment in the shortest time. (与此同时，政客们要求科学家们根据“经济需要”调整研究，优先考虑那些“贴近市场”、能在最短时间内转化为最大投资回报的研究方案。)”可知，大多数政府在科研方面最关心的是快速的经济回报。故选B项。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Many have reservations, but keep them to themselves in what they consider as a climate hostile to the pursuit of understanding for its own sake and the idea of an inquiring, creative spirit.(许多科学家心存保留意见，但他们将这些意见藏在心里，因为他们认为当前环境不利于为求知而求知，也不利于探索和创新精神。)”可知，科学家不抱怨政府科研政策是因为他们意识到自己身处不利于纯粹追求知识的环境。故选A项。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When we learn that the distinguished professor assuring us of the safety of a particular product holds a consultancy with the company making it, we cannot be blamed for wondering whether his fee might cloud his professional judgment.(当我们得知向我们保证某产品安全的著名教授在生产该产品的公司担任顾问时，我们怀疑他的报酬是否会影响他的专业判断，这无可厚非。)”可知，人们怀疑科学家的专业判断是因为他们可能受到与相关项目联系的影响。故选D项。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“This makes it easier to dismiss all scientific pronouncements, but especially those made by the scientists who present themselves as “experts”. (这使得人们更容易无视所有科学声明，尤其是那些自称“专家”的科学家发表的声明。)”和“If he tells us it is safe, on the other hand, we distrust him, because he may well be protecting the employer who pays his salary.(另一方面，如果他告诉我们反应堆是安全的，我们就不信任他，因为他很可能在保护支付他薪水的雇主。)”可知，作者认为公众对科学家的不信任会产生破坏性影响，因为即使科学家说的是真话，人们也不会相信。故选C项。 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The anxiety about the consequences of generative AI is mounting. Kristalina Georgieva, head of IMF, has warned of a job-crushing “tsunami”. Jamie Dion, a leading figure in American finance, says governments should ban lay-offs if it “saves society”. Yet so far labor markets seem untroubled. In America the number of white-collar jobs has gone up by 3 million since ChatGPT was launched, while blue-collar jobs have stayed flat. ____35____ It excels at some tasks but then confidently spouts nonsense in others. This unpredictability means companies need to spend time working out where to apply AI. Moreover, business processes don’t change overnight. Electricity was first harnessed commercially in the 1880s, but took 40 to 50 years to generate productivity gains in factories. ____36____ This friction should be good news for those worrying about the speed of technological change. The time intervals between invention and diffusion can be used to work out how to help those most at the risk of being displaced. ____37____ AI tools could make these roles more productive, profitable and even more enjoyable: think of a doctor liberated from paperwork. And new technology tends to create jobs. Already there is a rise in white-collar jobs that are so new they have no label in the statistics. Yet some roles also look dangerously exposed to automation. Much back-office work involves simple tasks and following a script. Young people in entry-level positions are often asked to crunch data, or summarize reports — precisely the sort of things AIs excel at. What to do? Unlike factory work or mining, back-office and entry-level jobs are not concentrated in company towns. ____38____ But governments must also encourage movement by keeping labor markets flexible, rather than barred lay-offs. Education will need a major update to include AI instruction and the complementary skills it demands. The biggest mistake would be to stop hiring young people altogether. That would choke off the pipeline for future talent and rob businesses of AI natives. ____39____ They should provide fewer repetitive, low-skill tasks and more work centered on judgment and critical analysis. They should also offer speedier rotations across the business so young employees gain insights that AI cannot replicate. Disruption and job losses will be unavoidable. Such is the nature of technological progress. But there is still time to cushion the blow. It should not be wasted. A. The course of AI is uncertain, obviously. B. New opportunities should therefore be easier to find. C. One reason for the slow impact of AI technology is its “uneven skill set”. D. Instead, companies should rethink the type of work they offer young people. E. Many jobs require skills that are hard to automate, such as judgment or empathy. F. Employment has risen even in areas that have been keen adopters, such as coding. G. This time, too, companies must think about how to encourage workers to use AI and mitigate the problems it poses. 【答案】35. C 36. G 37. E 38. B 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要分析生成式AI对就业市场的影响，解释其冲击未显现的原因，并给出企业与政府应对建议。 【35题详解】 根据前文“Yet so far labor markets seem untroubled. In America the number of white-collar jobs has gone up by 3 million since ChatGPT was launched, while blue-collar jobs have stayed flat.(然而到目前为止，劳动力市场似乎并未受到困扰。自ChatGPT推出以来，美国的白领岗位增加了300万个，而蓝领岗位保持不变。)”以及后文“It excels at some tasks but then confidently spouts nonsense in others.(它在某些任务上表现出色，但在其他任务上却会自信地胡说八道。)”可知，前文说明AI未冲击就业市场，后文解释AI能力不均衡，此空应说明AI影响缓慢的原因是其技能不均衡，C选项“One reason for the slow impact of AI technology is its “uneven skill set”.(人工智能技术影响缓慢的一个原因是它的“技能不均衡”。)”承上启下，符合语境。故选C项。 【36题详解】 根据前文“Moreover, business processes don’t change overnight. Electricity was first harnessed commercially in the 1880s, but took 40 to 50 years to generate productivity gains in factories.(此外，业务流程不会一夜之间改变。电力在19世纪80年代首次被商业利用，但花了40到50年才在工厂中实现生产力提升。)”可知，前文以电力为例说明技术普及需要时间，此空应说明企业也需思考如何应对AI，G选项“This time, too, companies must think about how to encourage workers to use AI and mitigate the problems it poses.(这一次，企业也必须思考如何鼓励员工使用人工智能并缓解其带来的问题。)”承接前文内容，符合语境。故选G项。 【37题详解】 根据后文“AI tools could make these roles more productive, profitable and even more enjoyable: think of a doctor liberated from paperwork.(人工智能工具可以让这些岗位更高效、更有收益，甚至更有趣：想想一位从文书工作中解脱出来的医生。)”可知，后文举例说明可以用AI提升有些工作的质量，此空应点明很多工作需要难以自动化的技能，E选项“Many jobs require skills that are hard to automate, such as judgment or empathy.(许多工作需要难以自动化的技能，比如判断力或同理心。)”引出后文举例，符合语境。故选E项。 【38题详解】 根据前文“What to do? Unlike factory work or mining, back-office and entry-level jobs are not concentrated in company towns.(该怎么办？与工厂工作或采矿不同，后勤和初级岗位并不集中在企业城镇。)”可知，前文说明这类工作分布分散，此空应说明因此更容易找到新机会，B选项“New opportunities should therefore be easier to find.(因此新的机会应该更容易找到。)”承接前文内容，符合语境。故选B项。 【39题详解】 根据前文“The biggest mistake would be to stop hiring young people altogether. That would choke off the pipeline for future talent and rob businesses of AI natives.(最大的错误是完全停止雇年轻人。这将切断未来人才的来源，并剥夺企业的人工智能原生代。)”以及后文“They should provide fewer repetitive, low-skill tasks and more work centered on judgment and critical analysis.(他们应该提供更少的重复性、低技能任务，更多以判断力和批判性分析为中心的工作。)”可知，前文反对停止雇年轻人，后文给出企业做法，此空应说明企业应重新思考给年轻人的工作类型，D选项“Instead, companies should rethink the type of work they offer young people.(相反，企业应该重新思考他们为年轻人提供的工作类型。)”承上启下，符合语境。故选D项。 第三部分：书面表达 (共两节，32分) 第一节 (共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 With society’s high pressures to achieve, it’s understandable that individuals prefer to hide their weak points—but doing so comes at a cost. I learned that lesson when I participated in a hiking expedition. As a new hiker, I struggled. The trip was difficult to me even without needing to carry my heavy camping packs. I was slowed down, yet I refused to tell my teammates in hopes that I would seem perseverant. To my delight and surprise, one of the more active members requested that we stop for a break. I quickly realized I wasn’t the only one hiding my weaknesses after noticing the rest of the team’s apparent relief. For many of us, authenticity, or behaving as one’s true self in daily life, is quite challenging. As social beings, we’ve learned to adapt and fit into our environment, making it challenging to display who we are at times. Yet, the advantage of authenticity is evident, driving its recent popularity among thought leaders. Authenticity even improved my hiking experience—the moment my group admitted to our shortcomings was when we started working better as a team. So, can being ourselves not only help us work better, but help those who workaround us? The truth is, it can. Researchers have found that not only did authentic workers have higher work engagement and lower work tiredness, but their teammates had the same results, regardless of whether they were genuine themselves. The results suggest that the benefits of authenticity go beyond the individual, and spread to teammates as well. So, we can improve our teammates’ work behavior by merely being ourselves. Why does authenticity boost our teammates? This is because authentic teammates do not prioritize protecting themselves at the cost of their work or relationships. Instead, they recognize the interests of both themselves and others when making decisions. This allows those they work with to feel safe while being themselves at work. By focusing lesson appearing hard-working in hopes to get ahead—and more on trying to be better all-around individuals—authentic teammates can make a great impact on their work environment. 40. How did the author feel when one team member asked for a rest during the hiking? _______________________________________________________________ 41. Why is it hard for people to display their true selves? _______________________________________________________________ 42. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why. Authentic workers feel safe by being then selves at work, so authenticity boosts their teammates. _______________________________________________________________ 43. Apart from what is mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s) do you think authenticity can bring to us?(In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. He felt happy and surprised./He felt relieved. 41. Because people have learned to adapt and fit into their environment. 42. Authentic workers feel safe by being themselves at work, so authenticity boosts their teammates. Authentic workers make their workmates feel safe. 43. When we are authentic, we become more trustworthy, empathetic, and better able to connect with others. Additionally, authenticity can increase our overall well-being, as living in alignment with our true selves can lead to a greater sense of purpose, meaning, and fulfillment in life. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍在社会压力巨大的情况下，个人倾向于隐藏自己的弱点是可以理解的，但这样做是有代价的。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“To my delight and surprise, one of the more active members requested that we stop for a break. I quickly realized I wasn’t the only one hiding my weaknesses after noticing the rest of the team’s apparent relief.(令我又惊又喜的是，一个比较活跃的成员要求我们停下来休息一下。在注意到团队中其他人明显松了一口气后，我很快意识到我并不是唯一一个隐藏自己弱点的人。)”可知，在徒步旅行时，当有一位队员要求休息时，作者感到又惊又喜；同时根据下一句，团队中有人明显松了一口气可知，作者也感到放松了。故答案为He felt happy and surprised./He felt relieved。 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“For many of us, authenticity, or behaving as one’s true self in daily life, is quite challenging. As social beings, we’ve learned to adapt and fit into our environment, making it challenging to display who we are at times.(对我们中的许多人来说，在日常生活中，真实或表现出真实的自我是相当具有挑战性的。作为社会生物，我们已经学会了适应和融入我们的环境，有时展示我们内心是一个挑战。)”可知，我们之所以不愿意展示真实的自我是因为我们已经学会了适应和融入我们的环境。故答案为Because people have learned to adapt and fit into their environment。 【42题详解】 考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段“This is because authentic teammates do not prioritize protecting themselves at the cost of their work or relationships. Instead, they recognize the interests of both themselves and others when making decisions. This allows those they work with to feel safe while being themselves at work.(这是因为真诚的队友不会以牺牲自己的工作或人际关系为代价来优先保护自己。相反，他们在做决定时认识到自己和他人的利益。这让他们的同事在做自己的时候感到安全。)”可知，真诚的员工在工作中会认识到自己和他人的利益，这会让他们的同事感到安全。因此判断“Authentic workers feel safe by being themselves at work, so authenticity boosts their teammates.”中的“feel safe”是错误的，应该是真诚的员工让同事感到安全。故答案为Authentic workers feel safe by being themselves at work, so authenticity boosts their teammates. Authentic workers make their workmates feel safe。 【43题详解】 开放题。要求考生谈谈真实性还能给我们带来什么好处，考生言之有理即可。参考答案为When we are authentic, we become more trustworthy, empathetic, and better able to connect with others. Additionally, authenticity can increase our overall well-being, as living in alignment with our true selves can lead to a greater sense of purpose, meaning, and fulfillment in life。 第二节 (20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国笔友 Jim 在来信中提到，他对你们在寒假期间进行的“分组学习” (group study) 很感兴趣。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括： 1. 介绍你们分组学习的具体情况 (如小组构成、学习方式等) ； 2. 谈谈你的个人收获或感受 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 题目已给出，不计入总词数。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Jim, I'm delighted to share with you our group study during the winter vacation. We formed groups of five to six students with different strengths. Each group had a leader. We studied in various ways. Sometimes we discussed difficult problems via video calls, sharing different ideas and perspectives. Other times, we assigned tasks to each member, like making summaries or preparing presentations, and then reported back to the group. For me, group study has been a great experience. It has not only improved my learning efficiency but also enhanced my communication and cooperation skills. Working with classmates in different groups broadened my horizons and taught me how to learn from others. What about your study experiences? I'm eager to hear from you. Best regards, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于书信类，要求考生以李华的身份给英国笔友Jim回信，介绍寒假期间“分组学习”的具体情况，并分享个人的收获或感受。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 高兴的：delighted → pleased 各种各样的：various → diverse 提高：improve → boost 增强：enhance → strengthen 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：We formed groups of five to six students with different strengths. 拓展句：We formed groups of five to six students who had different strengths. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Sometimes we discussed difficult problems via video calls, sharing different ideas and perspectives.（运用现在分词短语“sharing different ideas and perspectives”作伴随状语） 【高分句型2】It has not only improved my learning efficiency but also enhanced my communication and cooperation skills.（运用not only... but also... 结构） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $