北京市海淀区首都师范大学附属中学2025-2026学年第二学期开学练习高三英语试卷

首都师大附中2025-2026学年第二学期开学练习 高三英语 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have ____1____ the course earlier than she did. Her ____2____ came because she was carrying a competitor across the finish line. As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her race when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She stopped to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with ____3____. She couldn’t. Bailey then ____4____ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____5____ attention. Once there, Lenoue was ____6____ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme ____7____ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help. As for Bailey, she is more confused about why her act is considered a big ____8____. “She was just crying. I couldn’t leave her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.” Although the two young women were strangers before the ____9____, they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race, but the ____10____ of human kindness won the day. 1. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished 2. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse 3. A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice 4. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down 5. A. medical B. public C. constant D. equal 6. A. interrupted B. assessed C. identified D. appreciated 7. A. hunger B. pain C. cold D. tiredness 8. A. game B. problem C. lesson D. deal 9. A. ride B. test C. meet D. show 10. A. secret B. display C. benefit D. exchange 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Recently, President Xi Jinping ____11____ (call) for solid steps to promote high-quality development in the new year, deepen reform and opening-up across the board, and deliver prosperity for all. Xi made the remarks when delivering his 2026 New Year message in Beijing ____12____ China Media Group and the Internet. Showing confidence in China’s growth next year, which marks the beginning of the 15th Five-Year Plan(2026-30) period, Xi expressed the nation’s commitment to ____13____ (work) with all countries to advance global peace and development. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Strengthening the rule of law in science and technology ____14____ (be) a strategic task in advancing China’s path to modernization. ____15____ (keep) pace with AI’s rapid advancement, experts have advocated for the technology’s parallel development and governance over the past few years. Zhu Wei, an associate professor at China University of Political Science and Law, highlighted the ____16____ (necessary) of using legal tools to regulate fast-developing AI. He praised government rules to manage AI use and the ____17____ (revise) Cybersecurity Law for including AI content. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The exhibition Red Memory Engraved in Thangka, ___18___ documents the history of Luhuo County in Sichuan Province, drew wide attention. It ___19___ (divide) into five thematic sections, and ___20___ makes it stand out is its perfect combination of traditional thangka art and red cultural heritage, featuring works showcasing the Red Army’s stay in Luhuo, earthquake relief efforts, modern Tibetan life, and pieces inspired by local folk songs. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The Beauty of Math In maths, the sequence is defined as an ordered list of numbers that follow a specific pattern. The numbers presented in the sequence are called the terms. The Fibonacci sequence (斐波那契数列) is one of its type where each number is the sum of the two that precede it. It starts from 1 and 1, given by 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, and so on. Its general formula is: Humans have probably known about this numerical sequence for millennia: it can be first found in medieval Indian mathematics. In the 13th century, the Italian mathematician Leonardo of Pisa, also known as Fibonacci, introduced the Arabic Numerals which replaced Roman Numerals, and carried out a thought experiment: he wanted to figure out the growth of an idealized (biologically unrealistic) rabbit population, assuming that a single newly born pair of rabbits (one male, one female) are put in a field, and that each pair produces one new pair (one male, one female) every month from the second month onwards. The result of this experiment is shown in Picture 1 Is there a magic equation to the universe? Probably not, but there are some pretty common ones that we find over and over in the natural world. The Fibonacci numbers must be a typical example. When we take any two successive (one after the other) Fibonacci numbers, their ratio is very close to the Golden Ratio, which is approximately 0.618, as shown in Table 1. In fact, the bigger the pair of Fibonacci numbers, the closer the approximation. Let us try a few: When we make squares with those widths and make a quarter turn in each of the square, we get a nice spiral (as shown in Picture 2), which we call Fibonacci spiral. Look at the array of seeds in the center of a sunflower and you’ll notice what looks like spiral patterns curving left and right. Amazingly, if you count these spirals, your total will be a series of Fibonacci numbers. You can decipher spiral patterns in pine-cones, pineapples and cauliflower that also reflect the Fibonacci sequence in this manner. Such a spiral can actually be found in more places in nature, from the curve of a nautilus shell to the twist of a typhoon or hurricane. What a coincidence! Table1 The Fibonacci sequence and the Golden Ratio are not just mathematical curiosities — they offer a fascinating connection between figures and reality. Sometimes a coincidence is just a coincidence, but coincidence is really beautiful! 21. If {an} represents the Fibonacci sequence, which of the following equations will be WRONG? A. B. C. D. 22. What can we learn about the Fibonacci sequence? A. It originated from ancient India. B. More examples are needed to prove it. C. No flower’s petal number breaks the sequence D. Fibonacci found it via an experiment on rabbits. 23. Which statement is the author probably in favor of? A. There is absolutely no magic equation to the universe. B. The natural world is dominated by mathematical patterns. C. Mathematics is one of the windows into the beauty of nature. D. A chain of evidence can prove the laws in this objective world. B “No,” Mama Lil said it plain and simple. “I haven't never heard of no girls to be doing that. Bebe, you need to be getting yourself a real summer job, something civilized.” I’d been living with Mama Lil since I was six, when my own mama and daddy were killed in an apartment building fire. Lillian Johns was my mom’s mother. Everybody on our street called her Mama Lil and that was what I called her too. I had been butting heads with her ever since I could remember. And the older I got, the more at odds we were and the more conflicts we experienced. For weeks I’d been asking Mama Lil to let me join the youth renovation team. It was a group of kids who had been chosen by city officials to work with engineers to help repair the Brooklyn Bridge. The project would last the summer and pay good money. It would help me get to college, where I wanted to study engineering. But for Mama Lil, the thing that made her the most stubborn this time, was exactly my dream of becoming an engineer. In some respects, Mama Lil was right. It was true that there weren’t many black women engineers. But I wanted to build bridges more than anything. “Let me go, Mama Lil,” I begged softly. Mama Lil sat as still as a statue. “Mama Lil,” I said carefully, “if you don’t sign the bridge project permission form, I will sign it myself. Nobody will know the difference.” The next morning, Mama Lil’s eyes looked red-tired. “I’m going to the bridge,” I said firmly. “I know, Bebe,” she said. From her housedress pocket, she took out a pen and signed the form. “Bebe, that bridge is lucky to have you,” she said. I hugged Mama Lil good and hard, smiling big, right at her. … Ahead, in the distance, stood the Brooklyn Bridge. This was the best spot to see the bridge. I’d come to this corner and studied the bridge a million times. And on every one of those times, I was taken with what I’d come to call Brooklyn Belle. At night, Belle was dressed in tiny light. On a cloudless night like this one, she was a sight like no other in the whole city. Jeweled in light. Beautiful. I had drawn Belle in the high-noon light, at sunset, on snowy days, and on foggy twilight mornings... I was proud of my drawings, but with each page they showed a sad truth about Belle: She needed repair. That bridge renovation project needed me; and I needed it, in more ways than I could count. 24. What can we learn from the story? A. Bebe lost her parents in the bridge project. B. Bebe liked to draw the bridge on winter mornings. C. Bebe and Mama Lil often got into arguments with each other. D. Bebe called her grandma Mama Lil because she was her mom’s mother. 25. By mentioning the name “Brooklyn Belle”, the author intends to help readers ______. A. recall the history of the bridge B. appreciate the bridge’s beauty C. ignore the damage to the bridge D. imagine the bridge’s future look 26. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Dreams truly know no boundaries. B. Elders always make the best decisions. C. Conflict usually resolves itself in the end. D. Pride wins out but makes things more difficult. C We have been defending humanities for many decades now, but the crisis of the humanities only grows. In the face of declining student interest and mounting political scrutiny (审查), universities and colleges are increasingly putting humanities departments on the chopping block. As a humanist, I am prepared to admit that I do not know what the value of the humanities is. I once asked the best teacher I ever had why she no longer taught her favorite novel, and she said that she stopped teaching a book when she found she was no longer curious about it. The humanistic spirit is, fundamentally, an inquisitive one. In contrast, defenses of the humanities are not - and cannot be - conducted in an inquisitive spirit, because a defensive spirit is inimical to an inquisitive one. Defensiveness is, it must be admitted, an understandable response when the chopping block is brought out and you need to explain why you shouldn’t be on it, which requires their participants to pretend to know things that they do not actually know. Nonetheless, we should be alert to the danger of becoming accustomed to putting our worst foot forward. An atmosphere of urgency and calls for immediate action are hostile to fields of study like literature and philosophy that require a reflective mood, and the pretense (假装) of knowing what one doesn’t actually know is hostile to forms of inquiry that demand an open mind. A defensive mindset also encourages politicization. If the study of literature or philosophy helps to fight sexism or to promote democracy — and everyone agrees that sexism is bad, and democracy is good-then you have your answer as to why we shouldn’t cut funding for the study of literature or philosophy. Politicization is a way of arming the humanities for its political battles, but it comes at an intellectual cost. Why is sexism so bad? Why is democracy so good? Politicization silences these and other questions, whereas the function of the humanities is to raise them. Humanists are not alone in their ignorance about the purpose of their disciplines. But scientists are under a lot less pressure to explain why they exist because the society at large believes itself to already have the answer to that question. If at some point I am called on to defend the study of Homer or Descartes at some official hearing, I will do my best, but I will not run to battle; the battle will have to come to me. The task of humanists is to invite, to welcome, to excite, to engage. And when we let ourselves classrooms but also in our public-self presentation, we find we don’t need to defend or prove anything: We are irresistible. 27. What is the main concern regarding the crisis in humanities? A. Students’ lack of interest in studying humanities courses. B. People’s little knowledge regarding the purpose of humanities. C. The mounting political scrutiny faced by humanities departments. D. The pressure on humanists to argue for the value of their disciplines. 28. What does the word “inimical” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. contrary. B. relevant. C. sensitive. D. immune. 29. What can be inferred about a defensive mindset? A. It is the worst action to take in the face of the crisis. B. It leads to a compromise on human’s intellectual depth. C. It requires a reflective mood on the study of humanities. D. It brings about a lower chance of survival for humanities. 30. Which of the following might the author most probably agree? A. Humanities may not need any defense. B. Science is more useful than humanities. C. The future of humanities remains cloudy. D. The battle of humanities is a hard one to fight. D In over 25 years, DeSimone has spun his research findings into commercial gold by launching several businesses. As a faculty member at the University of North Cai’olina, he provided scientific advice and held equity in the businesses. But he has never actually managed his companies. His employers bar him from simultaneously holding an academic post and an executive position. The dual roles can present huge conflicts. Conflicts of interest (COIs)occur when an individual’s personal interests—family, friendships, financial, or social factors—could compromise his or her judgment, decisions, or actions in the workplace, and it makes sound career sense to think about how to manage them. Researchers should disclose potential or existing conflicts across all aspects of academic life. In most places, COI management runs on an honor system. Researchers decide which financial holdings and relationships to disclose to university administrators. Journals and funders adopt a similar system when they ask authors and peer reviewers about potential conflicts related to manuscript or grant approvals. Most research institutions offer training to help faculty members to understand what constitutes a potential or existing conflict. Administrators then decide whether the interest presents a conflict, and whether that conflict can be handled. If so, they create a management plan to address it. If not, researchers must abandon the work, partner with researchers at other institutions, or leave their university. Perception plays a part in defining a potential conflict, warns Walt, a chemist at Tufts University. Investigators who develop a technology in the laboratory and then transfer it to their company could create a conflict of interest in the eyes of their students, Walt says. But the potential conflict can be avoided by drafting a licensing agreement that bars discoveries from automatically being transferred to the investigator’s company. Walt created such an arrangement to assure his students that they weren’t actually working for his private companies. Relationships can pose conflicts when conference organizers are choosing speakers. Members of the American Society for Human Genetics program committee, which selects abstracts and talks for their annual meeting, must recuse(要求回避)themselves from considering talks by, for example, researchers at their current and past institutions, close collaborators and those with whom they have personal or familial ties. Even differing points of view can play a part. Scacheri, a geneticist who chairs the committee, says that members who have disagreed personally with potential speakers might also be obliged to recuse themselves: “If you feel like you can’t be an impartial (公正的)reviewer, that is considered a COI.” Handling COIs can be burdensome. COI managers emphasize that the goal is not to suppress innovation, but to expose potential conflicts so that they can be managed. “Nothing about the process is meant to be prohibitive,” says Grewal, a COI officer at MIT. Her institution wants to enable good science and the betterment of humanity. “During that process,” she says, “if you make some money, that’s good as well.” 31. The example of DeSimone in Paragraph 1 is used mainly to________. A. raise a question B. report a finding C. introduce a topic D. present a theory 32. To better deal with COIs,________. A. researchers have to quit their job at the university B. researchers should report the conflicts that possibly exist C. institutions need to monitor the staff’s career and relationships D. institutions should train researchers to create management plans 33. What can we learn from the passage? A. Grewal considers COI management exhausting and costly. B. Walt arranged to transfer discoveries at his lab to his companies. C. Conference organizers should avoid inviting unqualified speakers. D. Scacheri believes personal viewpoints may impact a reviewer’s decision. 34. What can we infer from the passage? A. COIs can be defined depending on interpretations. B. COIs benefit scientific innovation and better humanity. C. COIs arise primarily due to the pursuit of financial gains. D. COIs can be got rid of by promoting fairness in workplaces. 第二节 七选五（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Sustainability over Style From the 1950s onwards, as companies increasingly switched to using plastic, competition accelerated and packaging became the best way to signal a distinct identity. ____35____ Just 10 percent of plastic packaging is recycled globally. There is a simple yet powerful way to improve both plastics recycling and reuse — make brands use similar packaging for products in the same category. Let’s take recycling first. Even with decades of consumer education and investment in infrastructure, it is too expensive to sort much plastic packaging into individual subtypes. Pigments (色素)can’t be eliminated and sorting by colour is expensive, so much coloured plastic gets downcycled into grey pipes or building material. ____36____ If product categories followed uniform guidelines for plastic type, colour, labels and adhesives, recyclers could cheaply recover far more material. This could finally make recycling economically viable and help achieve the dream of “circularity”, in which a new bottle is made from an old one. The case for standardised reuse systems is as compelling. Reuse systems based on standardised packaging and shared infrastructure could capture 40 percent of the market, versus 2 percent under a fragmented approach, according to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation. Standardised packaging may sound like an attack on capitalism to some, but brands already produce similar packaging for milk jugs in the UK and for toothpaste tubes in many countries. ____37____ Brands could still use labels, washable inks, embossing and other techniques to differentiate themselves. Admittedly, it is hard to imagine rivals like Procter & Gamble and Unilever voluntarily agreeing to put their shampoo in the same-coloured bottles. But as data amounts about the billions of dollars lost each year from single-use plastics that are burned or landfilled — and research sheds more light on the health risks linked to thousands of poorly studied chemicals in plastics — brands may find their corner is harder to defend. ____38____ In Europe and other parts of the world, policy is already requiring reuse targets and the use of more recycled content. Standardised packaging offers brands a path to meet such goals while avoiding a jump in complexity and costs. Similar shampoo bottles won’t solve everything, of course. But such changes increasingly look like good business sense. ____39____ A. Increasingly, brands may not have a choice. B. Meanwhile, reusable packaging remains rare. C. Standardisation could dramatically improve things. D. Without them, truly circular packaging remains a distant dream. E. And standardised packaging wouldn’t mean that all products have to be identical. F. But as brands added complexities, the already fragile economics of plastics recycling collapsed. G. They could also still use their own shapes and sizes of packaging, so long as these don’t make sorting difficult. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题2分，42题3分，43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 What makes some people incapable of apologizing even when they’re clearly in the wrong? People who cannot apologize often have deep feelings of low self-worth. When their delicate ego(自我) cannot absorb the blow of admitting they were wrong, their defense mechanisms kick in—they may place blame and even argue about basic facts to prevent the threat of having to lower themselves by offering an apology. Unfortunately, many of us mistakenly interpret these people’s defensiveness as a sign of psychological strength. That’s because outwardly they appear to be tough individuals who refuse to back down. But this doesn’t show that they’re strong—it shows that they’re weak. Admitting that we’re wrong is emotionally uncomfortable and painful to our sense of self. In order to take responsibility and apologize, our self-worth needs to be strong enough to absorb that discomfort. Indeed, if our self-worth is higher and more stable, we can tolerate the temporary discomfort that such an admission involves—without the walls around our ego falling down. But if our self-worth is seemingly high but actually breakable, that discomfort can go through our defensive walls and score a direct hit to our ego. Indeed, the more fixed one’s defense mechanisms are, the more delicate the ego they’re protecting. The mistake we often make when faced with someone who’s habitually incapable of apologizing is to become angry and try to win our argument with them. But the sad reality is that we can never win. In these situations, the best we can do is make our points as calmly and as convincingly as we can and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive—like when they disagree with the facts, come up with silly excuses or turn to mean remarks. 40. Why can’t some people apologize? 41. What do many people mistakenly think of a non-apologizer’s defensiveness? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ►When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to express your anger and make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible. 43. In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, what else can you do if your friend refuses to apologize to you? (In about 40 words) 第二节 作文（共20分） 44. 你校即将举办以“Craftsmanship in China”为主题的英文演讲活动。请你结合自身生活实际写一篇演讲稿，内容包括： 1.工匠事迹； 2.自身感悟， 注意：词数100左右； Dear all, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thanks for listening! 首都师大附中2025-2026学年第二学期开学练习 高三英语 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 【1~10题答案】 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. B 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 【11~13题答案】 【答案】11. has called 12. through##via 13. working B 【14~17题答案】 【答案】14. is 15. To keep 16. necessity 17. revised C 【18~20题答案】 【答案】18. which 19. is divided 20. what 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A 【21~23题答案】 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C B 【24~26题答案】 【答案】24. C 25. B 26. A C 【27~30题答案】 【答案】27. D 28. A 29. B 30. A D 【31~34题答案】 【答案】31. C 32. B 33. D 34. A 第二节 七选五（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 【35~39题答案】 【答案】35. F 36. C 37. E 38. A 39. D 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题2分，42题3分，43题5分，共12分） 【40~43题答案】 【答案】40. Because they often have deep feelings of low self-worth, 41. They think of it as a sign of psychological strength. 42. When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to express your anger and make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible. When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive. 43. 言之有理即可。 第二节 作文（共20分） 【44题答案】 【答案】Possible version 1: Dear all, Today, I’d like to talk about craftsmanship in China through the story of Tu Youyou. For decades, she and her team studied ancient Chinese medical texts, testing 380 extracts from 200 herbs before finding artemisinin. Even when experiments failed repeatedly, she never gave up, refining each step with extreme care. In our fast-paced world, her spirit reminds us that true progress comes from slow, steady effort. As young people, we need to embrace this mindset: instead of chasing quick results, we should dive deep into our studies and passions, just like Tu Youyou did. Let’s honor her legacy by becoming “craftsmen” of our own lives. Thanks for listening! Possible version 2: Dear all, When we speak of Chinese craftsmanship, Fan Jinshi is a name that shines brightly. For over 50 years, she has dedicated herself to protecting the Mogao Grottoes, treating every mural and statue like a fragile treasure. She once spent months restoring a single faded mural, using traditional techniques to match its original colors, believing that these relics carry our history — we must guard them with the care of a craftsman. This is the core of craftsmanship: lifelong dedication, meticulous attention to detail, and a deep respect for heritage. As students, we can embody this spirit by approaching our studies with the same rigor — whether analyzing a poem or solving a problem, we should strive for precision and persistence. Let’s take Fan Jinshi as our role model and become “craftsmen” of our own paths, preserving and advancing what matters most. Thanks for listening! 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $