Unit 4 语法专项—动词不定式作宾语补足语 课件2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级上册

教学课件 外研版八年级上册 Unit 4 语法专项——动词不定式作宾语补足语 全解精讲+分层练习 1 学习目标 1.理解宾语补足语的定义，掌握动词不定式作宾补的核心结构与逻辑 2.熟记带to、不带to不定式作宾补的动词类型，掌握to的省略与还原规则 3.掌握help、find/think/believe等特殊动词的宾补用法，规避hope的用法误区 4.精准辨析宾语补足语与双宾语的区别，明确二者核心判断标准 语法定义：宾语补足语 宾补是补充说明宾语动作、状态、特征的必要句子成分，缺之则宾语含义不完整 核心结构：主语+谓语+宾语+to do sth. 核心逻辑：宾语是不定式动作的发出者，二者存在逻辑上的主谓关系 特殊情况：部分使役动词、感官动词后接不定式作宾补时，to可省略 例：The teacher asks us to study hard.（老师要求我们努力学习） 核心用法1：接带to的不定式作宾补的动词 核心结构：主语+该类动词+宾语+to do sth.，to不可省略 否定形式：主语+动词+宾语+not to do sth.，not必须置于to前，不可拆分 常见高频动词：ask、tell、want、expect、encourage、invite、allow 例1：She wants me to go shopping with her this weekend. 例2：I warn you not to touch the hot kettle on the table.（我警告你不要碰桌上的热水壶） 核心用法1：拓展动词及例句 拓展常用动词：teach、order、warn、advise，用法与基础动词完全一致 无论肯定、否定形式，to均为固定要求，不可省略 例1：The teacher teaches us to speak English fluently in class.（老师教我们在课堂上流利地说英语） 例2：The manager ordered us to finish the work before six o'clock.（经理命令我们六点前完成工作） 例3：He advised me not to give up learning English.（他建议我不要放弃学英语） 核心用法2：接不带to的不定式（使役动词） 使役动词表“使、让”含义，表迫使或让宾语发出某个具体动作 常考三大核心使役动词：make（使）、let（让）、have（使/让） 核心结构：主语+使役动词+宾语+do sth.，不定式必须省略to 用法要点：侧重强调宾语发出动作的完整过程，从开始到结束 例1：My mom makes me clean my bedroom every morning. 例2：Let him go to the office to get the notebook first. 例3：Dad had me buy some vegetables on his way home. 核心用法2：接不带to的不定式（感官动词） 五大感官动词：see、watch、hear、notice、feel（看/观/听/注意到/感觉） 核心结构：主语+感官动词+宾语+do sth.，不定式省略to 用法要点：强调亲眼看见、亲耳听到或实际感觉到的动作完整过程，表动作已完成 关键区别：后接doing表“动作正在进行”，接do表“动作全过程” 例1：I saw her dance in the square last night.（我昨晚看见她在广场跳舞） 例2：We heard him sing a folk song in the classroom just now.（我们刚才听到他在教室唱民谣） 关键规则：使役/感官动词的被动语态（to的还原） 核心规则：使役动词、感官动词用于被动语态时，原本省略的to必须还原 被动基本结构：原宾语+be+动词过去分词+to do sth. 用法要点：to的还原是考试高频易错点，被动句中切勿遗漏to 主动句：He made me do the housework after dinner. 被动句：I was made to do the housework after dinner by him. 主动句：People saw her run along the street. 被动句：She was seen to run along the street by people. 核心用法3：特殊动词（help）的宾补用法 help是宾补用法中的特殊动词，后接不定式作宾补时，to可省可不省 结构①：主语+help+宾语+to do sth.（书面规范形式） 结构②：主语+help+宾语+do sth.（口语简洁形式） 例1：I helped her to carry the heavy schoolbag to her classroom.（我帮她把沉重的书包搬到教室） 例2：She helps me learn math every weekend.（她每周帮我学数学） 核心用法3：特殊动词（find/think/believe） find、think、believe后接不定式作宾补有固定特殊结构，需牢记 核心结构：主语+find/think/believe+宾语+to be+形容词/名词 特殊规则：结构中的to be可省略，省略后句子表达更简洁，句意不变 用法要点：后接名词或形容词作补语时，需用to be连接，不可直接接 例1：We find him (to be) very honest and warm-hearted. 例2：I think this book (to be) very interesting and meaningful. 例3：They believe her (to be) a great English teacher in our school. 易混点辨析1：宾语补足语 vs 双宾语 判断核心：宾语与后续成分之间是否存在逻辑主谓关系 双宾语结构：主语+动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物） 双宾语特征：人和物均为动词的作用对象，二者之间无任何逻辑关系 宾补结构：主语+动词+宾语+to do/do sth. 宾补特征：宾语是后续不定式动作的发出者，二者存在逻辑主谓关系 例（双宾语）：My father gave me a new pen.（爸爸给了我一支新钢笔） 例（宾补）：My father asked me to use the new pen to write.（爸爸让我用这支新钢笔写字） 易混点辨析1：宾补与双宾语 对比延伸 双宾语常见动词：give、send、buy、pass、lend，均接“人+物”的固定结构，此类动词后无需动作补充，仅表示动词对两个对象的直接作用 宾补常见动词：ask、make、see、tell、want，均接“宾语+动作”的补充结构，此类动词后必须用动作补充说明宾语的行为，才能让句意完整、逻辑通顺 例1：She bought me a birthday gift.（双宾语：她给我买了一份生日礼物） 例2：She asked me to open the birthday gift carefully.（宾补：她让我小心地打开这份生日礼物） 易混点辨析2：hope的特殊用法（无宾补结构） 高频易错点：hope后绝对不能接“宾语（sb.）+to do sth.”的宾补结构，此用法为语法错误 hope的正确用法①：hope to do sth.，表主语自己希望做某事 hope的正确用法②：hope + that从句（that可省略），表希望别人做某事 用法要点：牢记hope无宾补用法，这是考试最易踩坑的知识点 例1：I hope to visit the Great Wall with my family this year.（我希望今年和家人去参观长城） 例2：I hope (that) you can go to the Great Wall with us. 易混点辨析2：hope用法 错误例句与正确改写 错误核心结构：hope+宾语+to do sth.，所有此结构的句子均为语法错误 错误例1：I hope you to come to my birthday party early.（×） 正确改写1：I hope (that) you can come to my birthday party early.（√） 错误例2：She hopes him to help her with her English homework.（×） 正确改写2：She hopes (that) he can help her with her English homework.（√） 错误例3：We hope them to win the basketball competition.（×） 正确改写3：We hope (that) they can win the basketball competition.（√） 即时小练1：to的省略与还原 1.The teacher tells us _________ (study) hard for the coming exam. 2.My mom made me _________ (wash) the dishes after dinner yesterday. 3.I saw them _________ (play) football on the playground after school. 4.He was made _________ (apologize) for his mistake in class. 5.I helped her _________ (carry) the heavy box to the classroom. to study wash play to apologize (to) carry hope用法与宾补判断 1.判断下列句子正误，错误的直接写出正确句子 ① I hope her to go to a good college in the future. ② We hope to have a good holiday during the summer vacation. 2.判断下列句子是双宾语结构还是宾补结构 ① My teacher gave me a new English book. ② My teacher told me to read the new English book every day. 错→I hope (that) she can go to a good college in the future. 对 双宾语结构 宾补结构 综合习题一：用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.Our teacher encourages us ______ (read) more classic books in our free time. 2.My father made me _________ (practice) the piano for an hour every day. 3.She asked me __________ (not be) late for school again next time. 4.I saw a little girl ______ (cry) in the corner of the street just now. 5.Let the children ______ (play) outside for a while after finishing homework. 6.He warned me ___________ (not touch) the broken glass on the ground. 7.The boss ordered the workers __________ (finish) the task by Friday. to read practice not to be cry play not to touch to finish 综合习题一：用所给动词的适当形式填空 8.I felt the ground ______ (shake) suddenly when I was walking on the road. 9.We expect them ______ (win) the basketball game tomorrow afternoon. 10.Mom had me ______ (wash) all the clothes yesterday evening. 11.She allows me _________ (use) her computer on weekends. 12.I helped her __________ (carry) the heavy box to her bedroom. 13.They found the movie ______ (be) very moving after watching it. 14.The teacher taught us ______ (solve) the math problems step by step. shake to win wash to use to carry to be to solve 综合习题二：按要求改写句子 1.He made me clean the classroom after school.（改为被动语态） 2.She told me to buy some bread in the shop downstairs.（改为否定句） 3.I heard her sing a beautiful pop song in the next room.（改为被动语态） 4.The teacher encourages us to study hard every day.（改为否定句） 5.Let’s go to the cinema to watch a movie this evening.（改为否定句） 6.He asked me to wait for him at the school gate. I was made to clean the classroom after school by him. She told me not to buy some bread in the shop downstairs. She was heard to sing a beautiful pop song in the next room by me. The teacher encourages us not to study hard every day. Let’s not go to the cinema to watch a movie this evening. What did he ask you to do? 综合习题二：按要求改写句子 7.I helped her (to) prepare for the English exam.（改为同义句，用help with） 8.They want us to join the school English club.（改为一般疑问句） 9.I find this book very interesting.（用不定式作宾补改写） 10.The teacher allowed us to use dictionaries in the English exam.（改为被动语态） 11.People saw him cross the busy street carefully.（改为被动语态） 12.She told the children to keep quiet in the library.（改为否定句） I helped her with her English exam preparation. Do they want us to join the school English club? I find this book to be very interesting. We were allowed to use dictionaries in the English exam by the teacher. He was seen to cross the busy street carefully by people. She told the children not to keep quiet in the library. 综合练习三：单项选择 1.My mother wants me ______ a walk after dinner every day. A. take B. to take C. taking 2.I watched them ______ basketball when I passed the playground. A. play B. to play C. playing 3.He was made ______ the work alone by his boss. A. do B. to do C. doing 4.We encourage students ______ more outdoor activities in spring. A. take part in B. to take part in C. taking part in 5.Let ______ help you with your English homework. A. I B. me C. my 6.She asked me ______ late again next time. A. not be B. don’t be C. not to be 7.I hope ______ my grandparents this summer holiday. A. visit B. to visit C. you to visit B A B B B C B 8.The teacher ordered us ______ our books at once when the class began. A. open B. to open C. opening 9.I helped her ______ her suitcase to the train station this morning. A. to carry B. carrying C. carries 10.I found the story in the book ______ very interesting. A. be B. to be C. being 11.She was heard ______ a beautiful song in the next room last night. A. sing B. to sing C. singing 12.My dad had me ______ my bike every weekend. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning 13.He warned us ______ near the dangerous river in the park. A. not go B. don’t go C. not to go 14.Do you want me ______ you with your math problems after class? A. help B. to help C. helping B A B B A C B 综合习题四：判断句子正误并改正 1.I hope him to finish the work on time this afternoon. 2.My teacher tells us not be lazy in class and listen carefully. 3.She was seen enter the teaching building at night by the guard. 4.I helped he to carry the heavy bag to his home yesterday. 5.We find this movie to be very boring after watching it. 错→I hope (that) he can finish the work on time this afternoon. 错→My teacher tells us not to be lazy in class and listen carefully. 错→She was seen to enter the teaching building at night by the guard. 错→I helped him to carry the heavy bag to his home yesterday. 对 综合习题五：汉译英（运用不定式作宾补） 1.老师要求我们按时交作业。 2.我看见他在操场上跑步。 3.妈妈让我每天练习弹钢琴。 4.我希望你能来参加我的生日派对。 5.她帮我学习英语语法。 The teacher asks us to hand in homework on time. I saw him run on the playground. My mom makes me practice playing the piano every day. I hope (that) you can come to my birthday party. She helps me (to) learn English grammar. 综合习题五：汉译英 1.人们发现他是一个诚实的人。 2.她被看见在公园里画画。 3.我们鼓励孩子们多读书。 4.爸爸让我去买一瓶牛奶。 5.老师教我们用英语表达自己的想法。 People find him (to be) an honest man. She was seen to draw in the park. We encourage children to read more books. Dad had me buy a bottle of milk. The teacher teaches us to express our ideas in English. 语法总结 ：to的用法核心规则 1.必须带to：ask/tell/want/encourage/teach/order等动词后，否定式为not to do 2.必须省to：make/let/have等使役动词、see/watch/hear等感官动词的主动语态后，直接接动词原形 3.可省可带：help后接不定式作宾补，to可省可不省，两种形式均正确 4.被动还原to：使役动词、感官动词用于被动语态时，原本省略的to必须还原 5.否定规则：所有带to不定式的否定形式，均为not加在to前，不可拆分 教学课件 Unit 4 语法专项——动词不定式作宾语补足语 Thank you for listening! 27 $