Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature单元语法精讲精练与单元话题写作指导2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

单元语法精讲精练 单元语法精讲 形容词和副词的比较级 1. 定义 比较级用于两者(人或事物)的比较，表示其中一个比另一个“更……”或“较……”，后面用than连接另一个所比较的人或事物。 2. 形容词和副词比较级的构成 (1)规则变化 ① 一般直接在词尾加-er，如：tall—taller；slow—slower。 以不发音的字母e结尾的词只加-r，如：nice-nicer;brave-braver。 ③以“辅音字母 ”结尾的单词，变 为i，再加-er，如：funny—funnier；heavy—heavier; easy—easier; hungry—hungrier。 ④以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾的重读闭音节单词，需双写词尾的辅音字母，再加-er，如：big—bigger；thin—thinner；wet—wetter;hot—hotter。 ⑤多音节和部分双音节词的比较级由more加形容词或副词的原级构成，如：famous—more famous；interesting—more interesting; outgoing—more outgoing。 (2)不规则变化 well/good—better many/much—more far—farther/further little—less bad/badly/ill—worse 3. 形容词、副词原级（即原形）的用法 1. 常用于 very, too, quite, so (如此, 这样) 等之后。 I’m very busy. 我很忙。 She is too old now. 她现在太老了。 She is quite right. 她非常正确。 I’m so happy. 我是如此高兴。 (2)还用于同级比较的结构“as + 原级 + as…（……和……一样）”，以及“not as/so + 原级 + as…（……不如……；与……不一样）”中。 The book is as interesting as that one. 这本书与那本书一样有趣。 Linda doesn’t sing so/as clearly as Kate. 琳达唱得不如凯特清晰。 4. 形容词、副词比较级的用法 (1)最基本的句型为“主语 形容词比较级 比较对象”和“主语 实义动词 副词比较级 比较对象”。than后接人称代词时可以是主格或宾格。than前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比较。 She is a little more outgoing than me. 她比我性格外向一点儿。 I run faster than him. 我比他跑得快。 (2)比较级前可以用much，a little，a lot，even,rather,still,any,a bit,far等词修饰，起强调作用，不可用very，so，quite，too（只能修饰原级）等修饰。 It’s cold today, but it is going to be even colder tomorrow. 今天很冷，但明天会更冷。 (3)在含有 or 的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。 Who do you think is more beautiful, Lucy or Lily? 你认为谁更漂亮，露西还是莉莉？ (4)当两者比较只出现一方，含有of the two/of the twins结构时，比较级前要加the，意为“两个中比较……的那个”。 He is the taller of the two boys. 他是两个男孩中个子较高的那个。 (5)“比较级 比较级”表示“越来越……”，and连接同一个形容词/副词的比较级。当形容词/副词为多音节词或一些双音节词时，用 “more and more + 原级”结构。 It gets warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。 (6)“the+比较级…，the+比较级…”意为“越……，就越……”。两个“比较级”不要求一定词性相同，它们各自的词性要依句子的需要而定。 The harder you study, the better grades you will have. 你学习越努力，你的成绩就越好。 (7)表示“比……大（长、多、宽……）几倍”，用“…times + 比较级 + than…”结构。 Our classroom is three times larger than yours. 我们的教室比你们的大两倍。 (8)表示“重几斤”“高几厘米”“大几岁”等，可用“表示数量的词 比较级 than…”结构。 Tom is six years older than you. 汤姆比你大六岁。 (9)“比较级 than any other 单数可数名词”表示“……比其他的任何……都……”，此句型可以换成最高级。 Li Lei is cleverer than any other student in the class. = Li Lei is the cleverest student in the class. 李磊是班上最聪明的学生。 (10)“more + 形容词/副词”与“less + 形容词/副词”及 not so(as)…as 的互换。要注意前后比较对象要调换位置。 This book is more interesting than that one. 这本书比那本书有趣。 = That book is less interesting than this one. = That book is not so/as interesting as this one. [注意]使用比较级时，前后两个比较项要保持一致。若前一个比较项是不可数名词，则后一个比较项可用替代词 that。若前一个比较项是可数名词复数，则后一个比较项可用替代词 those。 The weather in Nanjing is warmer than that in Beijing in winter. 在冬天南京的天气比北京暖和。 The students of Class One study harder than those of Class Two. 一班的学生比二班的学生学习用功。 形容词和副词的最高级 1. 形容词和副词最高级的用法 形容词和副词的最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或事(物)之间的比较。在表示最高程度，即其中一个在某方面“最……”时使用。在句中使用时，形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词 the，副词的最高级前面可省去定冠词 the。句中常含有表示比较范围的介词 of 或 in；of 后面一般接表示一群人或事物的代词或名词，in 后面一般接表示单位或场所的名词。 Tom runs the fastest of all. 汤姆是所有人中跑得最快的。 Lucy has the most friends in our class. 露西在我们班有最多的朋友。 [拓展]另外，形容词的最高级还有三个特殊用法： (1)序数词后用最高级。在表达“第几（长、大、远……）”时，序数词后用形容词的最高级形式。The Yangtze River is the first longest river in China. 长江在中国是第一长河。 (2)在表达“最……的……之一”时，用最高级，一般构成“one of the + 形容词的最高级 + 可数名词复数”结构。 Beijing is one of the biggest cities in our country. 北京是我们国家最大的城市之一。 (3)在表达“某人的最……”时，用“某人的十形容词的最高级十名词”结构。 Linda is my sister’s best friend. 琳达是我妹妹最好的朋友。 2. 形容词和副词最高级的构成 (1)规则变化 ①一般情况下，直接在词尾加-est，构成最高级。long-longest; clever—cleverest; fast–fastest; ② 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的, 直接加-st, 构成最高级。 nice—nicest; cute—cutest; late—latest ③以“辅音字母 ”结尾的词，变 为i，再加-est构成最高级。 heavy—heaviest; early—earliest ④重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-est构成最高级。 big—biggest; thin—thinnest; hot—hottest ⑤多音节和部分双音节词，在原级前加most构成最高级。 creative—most creative; popular—most popular (2)不规则变化 good/well–best bad/badly/ill-worst many/much—most little—least far—farthest/furthest old—oldest/eldest 大数字的读法和写法 1.20—99之间的“几十几”，十位和个位之间加连字符“-”。 2.101—999之间的非整百的基数词的读法为：百位数和十位数(或个位数)之间用and连接。 3.四位数或四位数以上的基数词的拼写规律为：从右向左每三位加一个逗号，第一个逗号前用thousand，第二个逗号前用million，第三个逗号前用billion；读数时从左向右依次读出来。 3, 728, 221, 969 可以读为 three billion, seven hundred and twenty-eight million, two hundred and twenty-one thousand, nine hundred and sixty-nine 单元语法精练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Mary is ______ (good) at physics than her twin brother. 2.Do you think you are ______ (outgoing) than your sister? 1. The doctor isn’t as ______ (serious) as Mr. Wu. Mr. Wu is more serious. 1. Who is ______ (funny) than you in your class? 1. Over the years, the tower has continued to lean ______ (far) than before. 1. Could you please come here a little ______ (early) tomorrow morning? 1. Tara speaks ______ (loudly) than her friend Tina. 1. Is Linda much ______ (thin) than your sister? 1. The ______ (cheap) things are not usually the best ones. 1. Li Lei sings (good) in our class. 1. Who’s ________ (careful), Tom, Jim or Kate? 1. This book is ______ (interesting) of the five. 1. Mary sings English songs ______ (beautiful) in our class. 1. Tom is my ______ (close) classmate of all in my class. 1. My brother jumps ______ (far) in our school. He is so great. 1. Which is the ______ (hot) month in a year in Australia? 二、写出下列数字的中英文形式 1. The mountain is about 8, 848 (____________) metres high. 1. The Amazon River has the largest discharge (流量) in the world, up to 219,000(____________)cubic metres per second! 1. There are about_____________ (two thousand, five hundred and twenty-nine) kinds of animals and plants in the forest. 1. The desert is about 9,000,000___________ (nine million) square kilometres in size. 语法拓展训练——回归教材 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。（每空5分，满分100分） A Reaching New Heights To most people, Mount Qomolangma is one of the 1. ________ (great) wonders of the world. On the highest place on earth, you will feel like you are able to touch the sky. But only the best 2. ________ (climb) reach the top, and that is only if they survive the terrible conditions first. On the mountain, temperatures can fall to -30 degrees. Climbers must also deal with thin air, high cliffs, and 3. ________ (change) weather. Before 1960, no one was able to reach the top of Qomolangma from the 4. ________ (north) side. Mountain climbers even called that way the “Death Road”, but a Chinese climbing team was 5. ________ (determine) to make the climb. On 24 May 1960, climbers Liu Lianman, Wang Fuzhou, Qu Yinhua, and Gong Bu arrived at the Second Step. It was 8,600 metres 6. ________sea level. People said it was so high 7. ________even birds could not reach it. Liu allowed his teammates to step on his shoulders. Bit by bit, the climbers pulled themselves up, and they made it past the Second Step. At 4:20 a.m. on 25 May, the Chinese national flag flew above the world’s highest mountain for the first time. In 1975, another Chinese team climbed to the top of Qomolangma to do research. This time, they brought a ladder to the Second Step. Until 2007,almost all climbers from the northern side used this “Chinese Ladder” to reach the top much faster. In 2020, a third team returned to Qomolangma to measure its height—8,848.86 metres. Climbing Qomolangma is dangerous. Some climbers reach the top 8. ________ (successful), but many fail. Why do people still risk their lives to climb the highest mountain in the world? It is because human 9. ________ (curious) and ambition cannot be stopped. Or, as the English explorer George Mallory put it, it is 10. ________ (simple) “because it’s there”! B Do you love the ocean? Do you want to visit one of the 1. ________ (nature) wonders of the world? If so, visit the Great Barrier Reef! 2. ________(locate) on the northeastern coast of Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is one of the 3. ________(amaze) places to visit. It is the 4. ________(big) coral reef in the world. It takes up an area 5. ________345,000 square kilometres and 6. ________(include) over 900 islands and white sand beaches. The Great Barrier Reef is also 7. ________ (live)! 8. ________you visit it, you will see the largest living structure on earth. Here, you can swim, dive, or snorkel in the clear water and see coral, plants, and schools of 9. ________ (colour) fish. If you dive deeper, you might even see large fish, turtles, and sharks. For people who love the ocean, 10. ________(visit) the Great Barrier Reef is the dream of a lifetime! 单元话题写作指导(Project) [单元话题分析] 本单元的话题是“大自然的奇迹”。与此相关的写作任务是通过调查研究或者参考资料，能正确描述自然界中的山川、江河、湖泊等自然景观，包括地理位置、海拔、面积、动植物及其他特点，能制作海报或者撰写报告，并能在文章中正确使用大数字以及形容词或副词的比较级和最高级。 [话题写作指导] 话题词汇必备 单词必备 1.wonder奇观 2.eastern东部的 3.western西部的 4.southern南部的 5.northern北部的 6.unusual特别的 7.natural自然的 8/changeable易变的 9.longest最长的 10.highest最高的 11.largest/biggest最大的 12.deepest最深的 1. widest 最宽的 14. waterfall 瀑布 15. dessert 沙漠 16. cliff 悬崖 短语必备 1. square kilometre 平方千米 2. the wonders of the nature 自然奇观 1. on earth 在地球上 4. above/below sea level 高于/低于海平面 1. deep sea 深海 6. the bottom of the ocean 海底 1. terrible conditions 恶劣的条件 8. changeable weather 多变的天气 9.bitbybit一点一点地；逐渐地 10.do research进行研究 1. located in/on 位于 12. an area of 面积为 话题句子必备 1. The Yangtze River travels the farthest in China and is about 6,300 kilometres long. 长江是中国最长的河流，长约6300千米。 1. The Yellow River is 5,464 kilometres long and is the second longest. 黄河长 5464 千米，是（中国）第二长的河流。 1. Both the Nile and the Yellow River helped ancient civilizations to develop. 尼罗河和黄河都促进了古代文明的发展。 1. — What is the biggest desert in the world? 世界上最大的沙漠是什么？ —It is the Sahara Desert. 它是撒哈拉沙漠。 1. —How big is it? 它有多大？ —It is about 9,000,000 square kilometres in size. 它的面积约为 900 万平方千米。 1. —Where is the deepest point in the ocean? 海洋最深的地方在哪里？ —It is in the Mariana Trench. 它在马里亚纳海沟。 1. —How deep is it? 它有多深？ —It is about 11,000 metres deep. 它有大约 11000 米深。 1. Before 1960, no one was able to reach the top of Qomolangma from the northern side. 1960 年以前, 没有人能从珠峰北侧登顶。 1. People said it was so high that even birds could not reach it. 人们说它高得连鸟都够不着。 [话题佳作欣赏] 话题范文必备 范文赏析 My favourite river is the Yangtze River. It is the longest river in China and one of the most important rivers in the world. I like the Yangtze River for several reasons. Firstly, it has a rich history and culture. Along the river, there are many ancient cities and historical sites, which tell the story of China's long history. Secondly, the scenery along the Yangtze River is breathtaking. Finally, from the majestic Three Gorges to the vast plains, every part of it shows the beauty of nature. When I think about the Yangtze River, I feel a deep sense of pride. It's not just a river, but a symbol of our nation's spirit. ①全文首先用句型“My favourite river is...”引出主题;“the longest river in China”和“one of the most important rivers in the world”运用最高级,分别从“长度”和“重要性”两个维度强调长江的独特地位。 ②表示顺序的词汇 Firstly, Secondly, Finally 的运用,清楚地说明了作者喜欢长江的原因,也使文章更有层次,条理更清楚。 ③when 引导的时间状语从句以及“not just...but...”连接的并列表语,强调了“长江从物理实体到精神象征”的递进。 [话题写作训练] 假如你是李华，请写一封邮件给你的网友Jack，介绍一处你认为最美丽的自然奇观。 内容包括：1. 你认为最美丽的自然奇观是哪里； 2.介绍其位置、风景以及喜欢的原因。 要求：1. 围绕主题展开写作，可适当发挥；2. 词数80—100，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 3.文中不得出现真实的姓名和学校名称。 1. 时态: 主要使用一般现在时; 2. 人称: 主要使用第三人称; 3. 框架结构: [写作练习] Dear Jack, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I’m looking forward to your reply! Yours, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $