2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册Units 5-6知识点总结

2026最新外研版英语八年级下册Units 5-6知识点总结 作者：邓华 Unit 5 Looking into nature 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一. 重点短语 know about了解;知晓 look for寻找 thanks to幸亏;由于 over time久而久之;长期;逐渐 no longer不再 used to 过去经常，曾经 travel across横穿;穿过;游历 carry out 进行;执行 fall ill 生病 carry on with sth 继续某事 first prize一等奖 belong to属于 get to do sth有机会做某事 quiet about保持沉默;避而不谈 plan to do sth计划做某事 be ready to do sth准备好做某事 work hard努力工作 二. 重点句型 1. It is running around looking for its next meal.它正在四处寻找下一顿食物。 2. This species no longer grows in his area. But the find proves that it did 35 million years ago. 虽然这个物种不再在这个区墟生长。但这个发现证明，它在三千五百万年前曾存活于此。 3. Scientists used to believe that ants came from the northern half of the earth. 科学家们过去认为，蚂蚁来自地球的北半球。 4. For over 60 years, he travelled across China to record the country's plants.六十余年来，他走遍中国各地，记录这个国家的植物。 5. To carry out his research, he spent years in wild mountains and forests.为了开展研究，他在山区和森林中度过了多年的时光。 6. Once, he fell seriously ill while doing field work in Yunnan.有一次，他在云南进行野外工作时得了重病。 7. With a magnifier in hand, he carried on with his research for 10 years.他手拿放大镇，继续他的研究，一干就是十年。 8. Although he received the State Natural Science Award (First Prize) twice, he hardly mentioned it.尽管他两次获得国家自然科学奖(一等奖)，但他几乎从未提起过这些。 9. Instead, they got to listen to Beethoven's Pastoral Symphony. 相反，他们听到的是Beethoven 的《田园交响曲》。 三. 语法要点 Object clauses (1) 宾语从句1 一)．宾语从句的概念：在复合句中作主句宾语的句子叫宾语从句。含宾语从句的复合句的句子基本结构为：主句主语+主句谓语 +引导词+从句主语+从句谓语 二)．宾语从句的引导词 1.引导陈述句用从属连词 that 2.引导一般疑问句用从属连词 whether, if 3.引导特殊疑问句用连接代词：who, whom, whose, which 和连接副词：where, when, why, how ( 包括how much, how many, how long, how soon, how often 等） 三)．宾语从句的引导词的用法： 1. 当谓语动词表示肯定概念时，宾语从句用从属连词that 当谓语动词表示肯定的概念，如“希望”“相信”“知道”或“说”时，其后面的句子一 般用that引导。that没有任何词汇意义，只具有语法功能，目的是使读者清楚后面的句子是作前面动词的宾语的，多数情况下that可以省略。例如: I hope (that it will snow this winter 我希望今年冬天会下雪。 I believe (that) we shall become good friends.我相信我们会成为好朋友。 Betty thinks (that)trees can improve the air. Betty认为树木可以改善空气质量。 常接that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词有: believe, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, imagine, prefer, promise, report, say, see, tell, think, understand, warn, wish等。 当主句为主系表结构 ( be 动词+形容词,如sorry, sure, afraid, glad 等 )时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也称宾语从句。例如： I’m sorry (that) I can’t come . We’re sure (that) you will get better grades than before . I’m afraid (that) you can’t catch the train. 2.表达不确定的概念时，用从属连词if/whether（译成“是否”,不能省略） 如果我们要表达“他不知道他们周六是否会去植树”或“我记不清以前是否见过他”这样的不确定的概念时，从句就要用whether或if来引导，不能用that。例如: He does not know whether they will plant trees on Saturday or not. 他不知道他们周六是否会去植树。 He asks whether / if we will go fishing on Sunday, 他问周日我们是否会去钓鱼。 Tom wants to know whether /if he needs to come early tomorrow. Tom想知道明天他是否有必要早来。 Bob asked us if /whether he could play games with us. Jim wanted to know if /whether there stands a house on the hill. if与 whether引导宾语从句时用法区别： 1). whether 跟 or not连用,而if则不能跟or not连用。例如： He asks whether you can come or not. 2). whether用于引导介词后面的宾语从句, 而if 则不能。 They are talking about whether they can help us. 3). 宾语从句在主句前面时，只能用whether引导。例如： Whether he has passed the exam, I don`t know.他是否通过考试，我不清楚 4). 在动词不定式前只能用whether引导而不能用 if. 例如： We haven`t decided whether to go shopping. 5). if 可引导条件状语从句, 而whether则不能。 You`ll have a great time if you come.（本句为导条件状语从句，不能使用whether引导） Unit 6 Living with nature 一. 重点短语 live in harmony with与...和谐共处 pick up捡起;（用车）接人 the only way to do sth做某事的唯一方式 be busy doing sth忙于做某事 live by doing sth以......为生 be set to即将;定于;计划 grow up长大;成熟;成长 long to do sth渴望/盼望做某事 in the east of在……的东部 be known as以......而闻名 as long as和……一样长; 只要 take a interest in对......感兴趣 think about考虑;思考 one of... ......之一 no wonder难怪;并不奇怪; 怪不得 fall into落入 more and more越来越多 take action to着手;采取行动 be carried into 二. 重点句型 It was early one morning of Grain in Ear.那是芒种时节的一个清晨。 2. Most of the villagers there lived by farming.那里的大多数村民靠耕种为生。 3. The 24 Solar Terms meant so much to them.二十四节气对他们来说意义重大。 4. I longed to share these feelings in my paintings and poems.我渴望通过绘画和诗歌与人分享这些感受。 5. The 24 Solar Terms are known as the "Fifth Great Invention of China"二十四节气被称为中国的“第五大发明”。 6. Many of the 24 Solar Terms bear social and cultural meanings, too.许多节气也都承载着社会和文化意义。 7. You probably remember the Flaming Mountains from Journey to the West.你可能还记得《西游记)中的火焰山。 8. The secret lies in the ancient karez system.这个秘密就在古代的坎儿井系统中。 9.That's nearly as long as the Yellow River!那几乎与黄河一样长! 10. No wonder it's among the top three projects of ancient China.难怪它是中国古代的三大工程之一。 三. 语法要点 A. 宾语从句 (2) Object clauses (Ⅱ) 三)．宾语从句的引导词的用法（接上单元）： 3. 宾语从句是特殊疑问句时用疑问词引导 如果要表达“他问火车什么时间发车”时，句中的“什么时间"必须用疑问词才能表达。遇到这类疑问时，我们就要使用相应的疑问河来引导宾语从句。 疑问词包括连接代词：what, who, whom, which, whose 或连接副词：when, why, where, how 以及how much, how soon, how long等词组引导，由于这些引导词在从句中都充当一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略。例如： They couldn't believe what they heard on the news.他们简直不敢相信从新闻中听到的消息。 Could you please tell me what time the train leaves?你能告诉我火车什么时候出发吗？ The old man doesn’t remember who I am.老人不记得我是谁了。 He asked me how much money I spent.他问我花了多少钱。 He asks how we can help protect the environment. 他问我们怎样才能为保护环境出力。 Jane didn’t tell me how long she would stay in Guiyang.简没有告诉我她要在贵阳呆多长时间。 I do not understand why they like computer games so much.我不理解他们为什么如此喜欢电脑游戏。 They have not decided where they should go for the holiday.他们还没有决定到什么地方去度假。 Do you know when we will hold the sports meting?你知道我们什么时候开运动会吗? 四）、宾语从句的时态 1.主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时,现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态则根据实际需要决定（包括一般现在时，一般过去时,一般将来时，现在完成时等）。例如： I know you are very clever. He doesn`t know we came here few days ago. They are discussing what they should do next. I have heard that he will go abroad next week. 2.主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），从句则要使用相对应的过去某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如： We didn`t know who woke up the little boy. I heard he was talking with someone. Bob asked whether we would go to see him. Jane said that she had left for Guiyang . They were discussing who would win. 3.当宾语从句表达的是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时则一律使用一般现在时态。例如： Yesterday the teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. Last year the little boy didn`t know 5 plus 3 equals 8. 注意： 1. could / would只是表示客气、委婉语气，并非过去式，因此宾语从句的时态要根据实际需要使用不同时态。例如： Could you please tell me where I can deposit my bag? Would you like to know when we will go on a trip ? 2. 当主句的谓语动词是ask时，引导词（连词）不能用that；主句的谓语动词是say时，引导词用that。例如： He says (that) he will help me. Tim said (that) he would help me. My head teacher asks whether I like here. You may ask the police-man how you can get to the police station . 五）、宾语从句中的否定转移 主句的主语是第一人称（I和we)、谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 等时，后接一个表示否定意义的that宾语从句时，其否定词通常转移到前面主句。 I don`t think that he is a doctor. I don`t imagine that he will come.我想他不会来了。 I don`t suppose I`ll trouble you again. 我想我不要再麻烦你了。 I don`t expect that he is right. 我认为他不对。 六）、宾语从句的语序 无论是that，whether / if还是特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句语序均使用陈述语序： 引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分。 合并句子时一定要将原来的倒装语序改成陈述语序，特别注意相应的助动词和动词等的变化。例如：Where has your sister been? Can you tell me? （合并成一句）→ Can you tell us where your brother has gone? 你能告诉我你弟弟去哪里了吗？ B. in the east of，on the east of，to the east of的用法区别 1. in the east of表示“在……的东部”； 表示“在……的内部”。例如: Shandong is in the east of China. 山东在中国的东部。(内部) 2. on the east of表示“在……的东部 (外部，接壤)” 例如: Jiangxi Province is on the east of Hunan Province.江西省在湖南省的东边。(江西和湖南接壤) 3. to the east of表示“在……的东部(外部，不接壤)”。例如: Fujian Province is to the east of Hunan Province.福建省在湖南省的东边。(福建和湖南不接壤) $