20 专题五 第一讲 技法——庖丁解牛·层层突破（教师用书Word版）-【高考快车道】2026年高考英语大二轮专题复习与策略

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考应用文写作核心考点，涵盖推介信、演讲稿等文体，提纲式、图表类等命题形式，围绕校园生活、文化交流等主题，按写前审题谋篇、写中要点提炼、写成过渡衔接的逻辑架构知识，通过考点梳理近年真题规律、方法指导词汇句式升级、真题训练2025全国一卷等实例，帮助学生系统突破写作难点。 讲义突出语言能力与思维品质培养，创新设计“高级词汇替换”“非限制性定语从句升级句子”等微技能训练，如将普通表达升级为定语从句提升逻辑，设置分层练习适配不同水平学生，助力教师精准把控复习节奏，高效提升学生应用文写作的表达准确性与思辨能力。

考试年份 试卷名称 写作文体 命题形式 文章主题 2025 全国一卷 推介信 提纲式 给英语报增设栏目并说明理由 全国二卷 询问信 提纲式 加拿大体育运动 浙江1月卷 演讲稿 提纲式 对校园内用手机拍短视频的看法并提出建议 2024 新课标Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷 告知信 提纲式 分享在公园上美术课的经历 全国甲卷 发言稿 图表类 中国交通的发展 浙江1月卷 投稿 提纲式 推荐一项适合课间开展的运动 2023 新课标Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷 建议信 提纲式 对外教提出口语分组练习的建议 全国甲卷 投稿 提纲式 介绍中国历史人物 全国乙卷 投稿 提纲式 分享假期学到的新技能 浙江1月卷 活动报道 提纲式 认识我们身边的植物 1．强化能力，五育融合：全国卷应用文常围绕“德智体美劳”命题。2025年全国二卷以体育运动为载体，要求考生能主动思考并提问，积极推进问题的解决，得体表达沟通目的。 2．淡化格式，文体融合：近年命题注重体裁融合，一题多任务，考查要点衔接与逻辑。2025年浙江1月卷以考生熟悉的校园里用手机拍视频的现象为主题写一篇演讲稿，需要学生分析现象，提出具体建议。 3．情境开放，考查思辨：高考试题基础情境创新，写作内容开放，考查语言与思辨能力。2025年全国一卷设定班级英语报要增设栏目的情境，让考生以李华的身份给Jenny写一封邮件，做出选择并说明理由。这一过程充分考查了考生的批判性思维，要求权衡利弊，同时考查逻辑思维，能否清晰连贯地组织语言，在确保语言得体的前提下让理由具有说服力。 (2025·全国一卷) 假定你是李华，你班的英语报要增设一个栏目。外教Jenny提出“Fun at my school”和“Guess who I am”两个选项供大家选择。请给Jenny写一封邮件，内容包括： 1．你的选择； 2．说明理由。 注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Dear Jenny， I really like the idea of adding a new column to our English newspaper．__________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua 第一步：写前——审题谋篇 第二步：写中——要点提炼&升级表达 1．在这两个选项之间，在我看来，第二个“猜猜我是谁”更好。(主系表结构) Between the two options，the second one，“Guess who I am”，is better in my belief． 2．本专栏将在学生之间创造更多的互动，因为它要求我们阅读线索并猜测同学、老师甚至电影角色的身份。(不定式短语作宾补) This column would create more interaction among students，as it requires us to read clues and guess the identity of a classmate，teacher，or even a film character． 3．它不仅使阅读具有吸引力，而且提高了我们的逻辑思维能力。(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语) It not only makes reading appealing but also improves our logical thinking skills． 4．该专栏鼓励我们详细观察人们，欣赏他们的品质，这可以弥合差距，加强彼此之间的联系。 (1)普通表达：The column encourages us to observe people in detail and appreciate their qualities，and that can bridge the gap and strengthen bonds between each other． (2)高级表达：The column encourages us to observe people in detail and appreciate their qualities，which can bridge the gap and strengthen bonds between each other．(定语从句) 5．通过增加神秘和有趣的元素，这个专栏可以帮助我们的报纸吸引更广泛的读者。(方式状语) By adding an element of mystery and fun，the column can help our newspaper attract a wider readership． 6．我真的希望我的建议能得到考虑，我期待着看到新专栏的上线！(强调谓语) I do hope my suggestion could be considered and I am looking forward to seeing the new column come to life! 第三步：写成——过渡衔接&连句成篇 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Dear Jenny， I really like the idea of adding a new column to our English newspaper．Between the two options，the second one，“Guess who I am”，is better in my belief．The reasons are as follows． First，this column would create more interaction among students，as it requires us to read clues and guess the identity of a classmate，teacher，or even a film character．Thus，it not only makes reading appealing but also improves our logical thinking skills．Plus，the column encourages us to observe people in detail and appreciate their qualities，which can bridge the gap and strengthen bonds between each other．More importantly，by adding an element of mystery and fun，the column can help our newspaper attract a wider readership． I do hope my suggestion could be considered and I am looking forward to seeing the new column come to life! 第一讲　技法——庖丁解牛·层层突破 微技能一　提升写作，从用词开始——准确、得体、亮眼 根据高考应用文写作的评分标准，应用词汇的丰富性和准确性是作文能否取得高分的一条重要的标准。所以，在词汇优化上应遵循以下三个原则： 一、求新求变 同样意义的词语，要根据语境使用最新学过的而不是在小学或初中学过的词汇。如果同样的意义重复出现，要使用不同的表达方式。 二、求准求精 写作时不一定每一句都要用复杂句式，有时准确使用一个单词就会让整个句子增色。 三、短语优先 恰当使用短语代替单词，不但可以增加词数，还有助于绕开不会表达的单词，使得行文更加流畅。 (1)形容词变短语的方法：of＋同根名词 very important/useful/valuable/beneficial/helpful →of great importance/use/value/benefit/help (2)动词变短语的方法：替换升级 动词 对应短语 know/realize be aware of/be familiar with understand figure out/make sense of should be supposed to use make use of/take advantage of consider take...into account/consideration come be around the corner master have a good command of thank express one's sincere gratitude to represent (be) on behalf of succeed make it/achieve one's goals help do sb．a favour value attach importance to visit pay a visit to like be fond of/be interested in/be crazy about/be addicted to (3)副词变短语的方法：同义短语替换 副词 对应短语 very more than properly in place quickly without delay actually as a matter of fact 用高级词汇替换下列句中的加黑部分 1．(2025·陕西咸阳一模)In order to improve the students'awareness of bodybuilding，a hill-climbing competition，with the theme of“Health Is First”，was held last Sunday by our school． →Aimed at/With the purpose of enhancing the students'awareness of bodybuilding，a hill-climbing competition，with the theme of“Health Is First”，was held last Sunday by our school． 2．(2025·河南郑州模拟)After all，the Spring Festival is very important because it's a new beginning which brings hope to us and it's also a time to say our thanks and take our responsibility． →After all，the Spring Festival is of great importance because it's a new beginning which brings hope to us and it's also a time to convey/show/express our gratitude and take our responsibility． 3．(2025·甘肃兰州一诊)I think that what mothers really need is their children's understanding and trust． →I hold the view that what mothers really need is their children's understanding and trust． 4．(2025·安徽淮南一模)I am very happy to hear from you，and I want to recommend you to do voluntary work． →I am greatly delighted to hear from you，and I would like to recommend you to do voluntary work． 5．(2025·湖南张家界二模)Representing my class，I'm writing to propose some ideas and confirm related details about it． →On behalf of my class，I'm writing to propose some ideas and confirm related details about it． 微技能二　习作凝练，从句子着手——简洁、高级、得当 高考时，一篇习作中的句子如果都采用简单句，肯定不能得高分。因此，应多使用一些高级句式和复合句，让句子胜人一筹，亮点纷呈，彰显考生的写作能力。换用句式时，应遵循以下原则：高级但不浮夸，多变但不离谱，复杂但不晦涩。 　巧用副词和形容词，生动形象 技法点金 佳句感悟 1．副词置于句首可增强文章的连贯性或表示强调，彰显句子的感情色彩 2．形容词置于句首或句末可增强情绪感染力，使句子更生动形象 ·(2025·浙江1月卷)Personally，it can be a fun way to record campus life，but it also has its drawbacks． 就个人而言，这可能是一种记录校园生活的有趣方式，但它也有其缺点。 ·(2024·新课标Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷)Greatly inspired by the fantastic scenery，I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park's pond，surrounded by blooming flowers． 奇妙的景色给了我很大的灵感，我决定画一幅水彩画，画的是公园池塘上的小桥，周围是盛开的鲜花。 ·Exhausted as we were，we were more than pleased with this meaningful experience． 尽管我们筋疲力尽，但我们对这次有意义的经历感到非常满意。 　活用三大从句，丰富结构 技法点金 佳句感悟 运用定语从句，让表述更丰满 ·(2025·全国一卷)I believe this column will allow us to share interesting stories and activities that happen in our school． 我相信该栏目会让我们分享发生在我们学校的有趣的故事和活动。 ·(2022·全国乙卷)Obviously，as is revealed from the data，students show great interest in entertaining English activities beyond the classroom，which not only enable them to enhance English learning effectively，but also relieve them of the study burden． 显然，从数据中可以看出，学生对课堂之外的趣味性英语活动表现出极大的兴趣，这不仅能使他们有效地改善英语学习，也减轻了他们自己的学习负担。 运用名词性从句，让表述更具体 ·(2024·新课标Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷)This art class was so distinctive that after it I have always been impressed with what I learned during the class． 这节美术课非常有特色，课后我一直对自己在课堂上学到的东西印象深刻。 ·(2023·上海卷)I hope that by sharing my personal story，others will be inspired to find joy and growth in their own childhood hobbies and pursuits． 我希望通过分享我自己的故事，其他人能受到鼓舞，从而在他们自己孩提时代的兴趣和追求中找到快乐，并获得成长。 运用状语从句，让逻辑更清晰 ·(2025·全国二卷)Every time I gave a self-introduction，I had to explain how to pronounce my name at least five times，yet they still could not say it the way I did． 每次做自我介绍时，我都得至少把自己名字的发音解释五遍，可他们还是发不出和我一样的音。 ·No matter how /However tough the task is，we will overcome all the difficulties and succeed． 不管这项任务有多么艰巨，我们都会克服所有的困难并取得成功。 　巧用非谓语，精简表达 技法点金 佳句感悟 运用非谓语动词(短语)整合简单句，提升表达 ·It's widely acknowledged that China boasts abundant and unique cultures．They range from calligraphy to local operas． →It's widely acknowledged that China boasts abundant and unique cultures ranging from calligraphy to local operas． 众所周知，中国拥有从书法到地方戏剧等丰富且独特的文化。 运用非谓语动词(短语)简化复合句，精练语言 ·(2024·全国甲卷)Chinese transport has undergone remarkable transformations，which gives the Chinese people access to different ways of travelling． →Chinese transport has undergone remarkable transformations，giving the Chinese people access to different ways of travelling． 中国的交通运输业发生了翻天覆地的变化，让中国人民能够享受到不同的旅行方式。 　套用提分句式，升级表达 技法点金 佳句感悟 运用强调句，突出重点 ·(2024·浙江1月卷)A small change can make a big difference in your day． →It's a small change that can make a big difference in your day． 一个小的改变可以给你的一天带来巨大的影响。 运用倒装句，以示强调 ·(2024·新课标Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷)In a word，it was not only an art class but it also provided us with a chance to connect with nature． →In a word，not only was it an art class but it also provided us with a chance to connect with nature． 总之，这不仅是一节美术课，也给我们提供了与自然接触的机会。 运用虚拟语气，表达态度 ·Your selfless assistance made me achieve such great progress in English． →Had it not been for your selfless assistance，I couldn't have achieved such great progress in English． 要不是你无私的帮助，我不可能在英语学习上取得如此大的进步。 运用省略形式，避免累赘 ·Although we were hot and tired，seeing the neighbourhood neat and clean，we were more than delighted． →Although hot and tired，seeing the neighbourhood neat and clean，we were more than delighted． 尽管又热又累，但看着小区整洁又干净，我们都非常高兴。 运用感叹句，传递情感 ·The children were happy when they saw the delicate gifts．Their eyes were full of excitement and joy． →How happy the children were when they saw the delicate gifts！Their eyes were full of excitement and joy． 当孩子们看到精美的礼物时，他们多么开心啊！他们的眼睛里充满了兴奋和喜悦。 用高级句式升级下列句子 1．(2024·浙江1月卷)Plus，jumping rope is a lot of fun，and it is a great way to relieve stress and improve your mood． →Plus，jumping rope is a lot of fun，which is a great way to relieve stress and improve your mood．(非限制性定语从句) 2．(2023·全国甲卷)Fan Zhongyan was known as a Chinese writer and politician in the Song Dynasty，and was highly appreciated because he made great contributions to society． →Known as a Chinese writer and politician in the Song Dynasty，Fan Zhongyan was highly appreciated because he made great contributions to society．(过去分词短语作状语) 3．(2025·河北唐山、保定一模)I want to stress that each participant is required to recite a Tang poem or a Song lyric poem within 5 minutes． →What I want to stress is that each participant is required to recite a Tang poem or a Song lyric poem within 5 minutes．(what引导主语从句) 4．(2025·安徽淮南模拟)If I'm given the job，I'm sure to be a good guide and provide excellent assistance to ensure a smooth and enjoyable experience for everyone． →If given the job，I'm sure to be a good guide and provide excellent assistance to ensure a smooth and enjoyable experience for everyone．(省略句) 5．(2025·河北邯郸一模)I am happy to be one of the members in your team and I am looking forward to contributing my skills and efforts to help achieve our goals together． →How happy I am to be one of the members in your team and I am looking forward to contributing my skills and efforts to help achieve our goals together！(感叹句) 6．(2025·江西上饶一模)Through the hands-on experience，I not only gain a sense of achievement，but also appreciate that labour itself is a kind of enjoyment and a must for our personal growth． →Through the hands-on experience，not only do I gain a sense of achievement，but I also appreciate that labour itself is a kind of enjoyment and a must for our personal growth．(倒装句) →It is through the hands-on experience that I not only gain a sense of achievement，but also appreciate that labour itself is a kind of enjoyment and a must for our personal growth．(强调句) 微技能三　浑然天成，从衔接着眼——连贯、自然、合理 满分作文的最大特点就是清晰流畅，一气呵成。巧妙的衔接与过渡是完美行文的关键。用衔接过渡词把句与句、段与段巧妙地连接在一起，文章才会更加连贯、自然和紧凑，段落或文章的发展脉络也会更清晰，中心思想也会更明确，语篇意义才能更好地被体现。 技法点金 佳句感悟 1．综述及陈述背景： generally speaking、as we know、as is known to all、as is shown等 ·Generally speaking，the more you practice，the more skillfully you can write in English． 一般来说，你练习得越多，用英语写作就会越熟练。 2．表示总结： to sum up、in conclusion、in a word、in summary、all in all等 ·(2024·新课标Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷)In conclusion，it was a valuable and enriching experience，leaving a lasting impression on all of us． 总之，这是一次宝贵且充实的经历，给我们所有人都留下了难以磨灭的印象。 3．表示时间顺序： ①现在：nowadays、now、at present、currently等 ②最近：lately、recently等 ③首先/开始：first of all、to begin/start with、first and foremost、in the first place、at first等 ④后来/不久：after、afterwards、later on、soon afterwards、after a while、before long、sooner or later等 ⑤与此同时：meanwhile、in the meantime/meanwhile、at the same time、while等 ⑥最后/最终：finally、eventually、ultimately、in the end、at last等 ·First of all，I woke up early in the morning，excited for the adventure that awaited me．I quickly got dressed and packed my backpack with all the necessary items． 首先，我一大早就醒了，对等待着我的冒险感到兴奋。我迅速穿好衣服，把所有必要的物品装进背包。 ·Soon afterwards，the signal fired，and we began our cross-country race． 不久之后，信号响起，我们开始了越野赛跑。 ·The government is implementing new policies to boost the economy．In the meanwhile，it is also strengthening environmental protection measures． 政府正在实施新政策来促进经济发展。与此同时，它也在加强环境保护措施。 4．表示递进关系： moreover、what's more、furthermore、besides、additionally、in addition、most importantly、what I want to stress at last is that...、what impressed sb．most is that...、not only...but also...等 ·(2025·全国二卷)Through this interaction，I realized that by embracing my cultural identity，I was not only preserving my heritage but also enriching the lives of those around me． 通过这次交流，我意识到，接纳自己的文化身份，不仅是在传承自身的文化遗产，也在丰富身边人的生活。 ·(2024·全国甲卷)Besides，China's high-speed train network has greatly improved travel efficiency and promoted connectivity between cities． 此外，中国的高铁网络极大地提高了出行效率，并促进了城市之间的互联互通。 5．表示空间顺序： on one side...on the other side...、on the opposite side、in front of、in the center of、in the distance、in/down the middle of、at the back of、on/to the left/right、close to、next to、 nearby、beyond、on the top(s) of等 ·The sun was setting in the distance，painting the clouds with hues of orange and pink． 太阳在远处落下，将云朵染成了橙色和粉色。 ·She placed a beautiful flower arrangement on the top of the table，and behind it，a mirror reflected the warm glow of the room． 她在桌面上摆了一个漂亮的插花，在插花后面，一面镜子反射出房间里温暖的光线。 6．表示因果关系： because、because of、as a result/consequence (of)、due to、owing to、thanks to、now that、therefore、consequently等 ·(2025·浙江1月卷)His mother was at work，and his father had been away on business．Therefore，he was left in the care of Mrs．Hill，an old lady who lived next door． 他妈妈在上班，爸爸出差了。因此，他就由住在隔壁的希尔太太照看。 7．表示举例说明： including、for example、for instance、such as等 ·There are various themes for us to choose from，including calligraphy，martial arts and paper cutting． 有各种各样的主题供我们选择，包括书法、武术和剪纸。 8．表示让步或转折： but、however、nevertheless、although、though、yet、on the contrary、otherwise、despite、in spite of、regardless of、rather than、instead of、unfortunately、no matter...、even if/though等 ·In my view，despite the disadvantages，space exploration has brought about significant benefits． 在我看来，尽管存在一些弊端，但太空探索已经带来了巨大的益处。 ·Even if we encounter many difficulties，we should never give up our dreams． 即使我们遇到很多困难，我们也不应该放弃我们的梦想。 9．表示个人观点： personally、in my opinion、I am afraid、as I see it、as far as I am concerned等 ·As far as I am concerned，extracurricular activities play a crucial role in enhancing students'overall development． 在我看来，课外活动在促进学生的全面发展方面起着至关重要的作用。 根据提示写出恰当的过渡词以确保语篇连贯 There is an old saying，“Haste makes waste (欲速则不达)．”It's the experience of our forefathers；however，it is correct and of great importance in many cases even today． 1．First of all/First (表顺序)，it teaches us that we shouldn't be overanxious for quick results．2．Otherwise (表转折) we will fail．3．In addition (表递进)，if we emphasize too much upon speed，we will suffer sooner or later．4．For example/For instance (表举例)，if we are too hasty in tests，it is very possible that we may make some mistakes or even fail．5．What's worse (表递进)，we may leave a bad impression on both teachers and classmates that we are careless．6．For another example (再次列举)，if a sportsman is hasty in an important game，he may lose a very precious opportunity to win the championship．7．As a result (表结果)，he will lose the confidence to pick up the pieces．Haste has many side effects．On the one hand，haste may result in a wrong decision or more mistakes．8．On the other hand(表列举)，haste means a failure or an accident in some important occasions． 9．In conclusion/In a word(表总结)，whatever we do，do pay attention to the balance of speed and quality． 16 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $