09 专题二 思维提升课二 突破难点C、D篇（课件PPT）-【高考快车道】2026年高考英语大二轮专题复习与策略

思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 专题二　阅读四选一 1 体裁一　社会发展与变迁 社会发展与变迁类文章聚焦城市化、科技影响等议题，结构多为“现象描述—原因分析—趋势展望”，语言常引用数据、案例。命题侧重细节(变迁表现)、推理(因果关系)及主旨。解题需标注时间节点、数据对比，通过逻辑词梳理解释关系，关注结论段对未来的预判，排除片面解读选项。 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 2 　(教师用书独具) 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 (2025·全国一卷阅读C篇) While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years，transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility，especially among young children．Many parents say there's too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school，so they pack them into the car instead． 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these．In their new book Movement：How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives，they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives． 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 Life on city streets started to change decades ago．Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere．Some communities fought back．Most famously，a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park．Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway，Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion“New York as a decent place to live，and not just rush through．”Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well． 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 Although these campaigns were widespread，the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car．The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly．In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people，among the highest rate of car ownership in the world． 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through，but we fail to account for the true costs．Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can't move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right：it's time to think differently about that street outside your front door． 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 28．What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A．Cars often get stuck on the road． B．Traffic accidents occur frequently． C．People walk less and drive more． D．Pedestrians fail to follow the rules． √ 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 29．What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A．Keep their cities livable． B．Promote cultural diversity． C．Help the needy families． D．Make expressways accessible． √ 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 30．What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A．They boosted the sales of cars． B．They turned out largely ineffective． C．They won government support． D．They advocated building new parks． √ 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 31．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Why the Rush？ B．What's Next? C．Where to Stay? D．Who to Blame？ √ 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿童步行减少的现象，并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能，重视城市宜居性。 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 28．C　[细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容可知，交通研究也显示行人(尤其是儿童)的活动能力在下降。许多家长表示道路上车流量太大，孩子步行上学不安全，因此他们选择开车送孩子。故选C。] 29．A　[推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“Most famously，a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park．Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway，Jane Jacobs called on her mayor to champion‘New York as a decent place to live，and not just rush through．’”可推知，加拿大记者和其他运动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性。] 30．B　[推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Although these campaigns were widespread，the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car．The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly．”可推知，20世纪60年代末和20世纪70年代澳大利亚的运动未能阻止汽车发展，基本上没有效果。故选B。] 干扰项解读 错误原因 A．它们增加了汽车销量。 运动的核心是反对“围绕汽车需求的城市规划”，但最终多数西方城市仍延续该模式(汽车销售上升是该模式带来的结果，并非运动提高了汽车销量，相反，运动实际上试图阻止该趋势)，A项误解了发起这些运动的目的。 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 干扰项解读 错误原因 C．它们赢得了政府的支持。 第三段倒数第二句仅提到简·雅各布斯呼吁市长保护城市宜居性，并未提及市长及政府的态度，C项属于无中生有。 D．它们倡导建造新公园。 运动的目的是保护现有社区空间不被破坏，而非 “倡导建造新公园”，D项对运动的诉求理解有误。 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 31．A　[标题归纳题。文章的核心批判是当前的城市规划和交通方式(以车为主)让人们“匆匆而过”(rush through)，只追求通行效率(help us rush through)，却忽视了这种“匆忙”(rush)带来的社会成本(如儿童失去安全活动的空间，活动能力下降)。作者呼吁重新思考街道的作用，让城市成为生活的地方，而不仅仅是通道。] 体裁二　实验研究与报告 实验研究与报告类文章结构规范，有引言、方法、结果等，语言客观，多用被动句与学术词汇。命题重细节(如样本、数据)和推理(结论意义)。解题需先梳理文章框架，标注变量与结果，注意时态体现的研究阶段，警惕绝对化表述干扰项。 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 20 　(教师用书独具) 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 (2025·全国一卷阅读D篇) Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas，stuck inside volcanic rocks，filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow．They are even appearing inside humans． 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 Now，new research suggests that a simple，cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头)：boiling and filtering (过滤) it．In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters，researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics． 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 Crucially，this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics．In the study，boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics．But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate，boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent．Additionally，the research didn't include all types of plastics．The team focused only on three common types—polystyrene，polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn't study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride． 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 Still，the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that's becoming increasingly difficult．Even bottled water，scientists found earlier this year，contains 10 to 1，000 times more microplastics than originally thought． 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns．The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake．“The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice，”Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay，an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research，tells New Scientist．“We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics．” 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 32．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A．By quoting an expert． B．By defining a concept． C．By giving examples． D．By providing statistics． √ 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 33．What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A．The hardness of water． B．The length of cooling time． C．The frequency of filtering． D．The type of plastic in water． √ 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 34．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A．The importance of plastic recycling． B．The severity of the microplastic problem． C．The danger in overusing pure water． D．The difficulty in treating polluted water． √ 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 35．What is Gauchotte-Lindsay's suggestion about? A．Choice of new research methods． B．Possible direction for further study． C．Need to involve more researchers． D．Potential application of the findings． √ 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 32．C　[推理判断题。根据文章第一段可推知，首段通过列举“微塑料存在于深海、喜马拉雅山脉、火山岩、海鸟胃部、南极雪层及人体”这六个具体案例，说明微塑料污染范围之广，属于典型的举例论证。] 33．A　[细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Crucially，this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate to trap the plastics...boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent．”可知，决定在水中截留微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。] 34．B　[推理判断题。根据文章第四段可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。] [技巧点拨]如何判断提到某个实例的目的 在英语阅读理解试题中，遇到推断某个实例目的的题目学生可以按照以下步骤作答： (1)仔细阅读实例：首先，要仔细阅读文章中提到的实例，确保理解其具体内容和背景。 (2)分析上下文：接着，分析实例所在的段落以及上下文，理解实例与文章主题、作者观点或其他信息之间的联系。 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 (3)推断目的：基于实例的内容和上下文，推断作者提到该实例的目的。实例一般强调某个观点、提供证据支撑某个论点、展示某种现象或趋势等。 (4)对比选项：最后，将推断出的目的与题目给出的选项进行对比，选择答案。 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 35．D　[推理判断题。根据Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay所说的话可推知，Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用，即升级饮用水处理厂。] 体裁三　新兴技术与发明介绍 新兴技术与发明介绍类文章多聚焦 AI、新能源等前沿领域，语言简洁，常含专业术语与复合句。命题侧重细节理解与推理，如技术原理、应用场景或影响。解题需快速定位关键词，结合上下文推测术语含义，关注数据与案例，比对选项与原文表述的准确性。 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 38 　(教师用书独具) 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 (2025·浙江1月卷阅读C篇) A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide．Referred to as matrix planting，this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden，and even some of the designing．Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools，it's based on an elegantly simple principle：to garden more like nature does． 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War Ⅱ in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance．Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化)．In a matrix garden，plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground，forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds． 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf's gardens popularized this style，adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form，including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife．Beautiful year-round，they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail，from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads． 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 It takes a lot of thought to look this natural．While matrix gardens appear wild，they are carefully planned，with cultural needs the first consideration．Led by the concept of“right plant，right place，”they match plants that enjoy the same soil，sun and weather conditions，and arrange them according to their patterns of growth． 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 The benefits are substantial for both the gardener and planet．With human inputs dramatically reduced，the garden's ecology can develop well．Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens：fertilizer，dividing，regular watering．Compared to traditional garden plots，they increase carbon absorption，reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly． 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 28．What does the underlined word“Eschewing”in the first paragraph mean? A．Running out of． B．Keeping away from． C．Putting up with． D．Taking advantage of． √ 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 29．Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced? A．To control weeds in large gardens． B．To bring in foreign species of plants． C．To conserve soil and water resources． D．To develop low-maintenance parkland． √ 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 30．Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf's gardens? A．Traditional．　　 B．Odd-looking． C．Tasteful． D．Well-protected． √ 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 31．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．The future of gardening is WILD B．Nature treats all lives as EQUALS C．Matrix gardens need more CARE D．Old garden plots work WONDERS √ 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型园艺设计方法——矩阵种植。 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 28．B　[词义猜测题。根据上文“Referred to as matrix planting，this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden，and even some of the designing．”可知，矩阵种植是让大自然自身承接更多的工作；结合常识和画线词所在句“Eschewing fertilizers and power tools，it's based on an elegantly simple principle：to garden more like nature does．”中“to garden more like nature does”可推知，要像大自然那样进行园艺种植，让大自然自身承接更多的工作，就不需要使用化肥和电动工具。所以画线词“Eschewing”的意思是“避开、远离”，与“Keeping away from”同义。] 29．D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War Ⅱ in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance．”可知，引入矩阵种植的想法是为了开发低维护成本的有草木的开阔地。] 30．C　[推理判断题。根据第三段中“Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf's gardens popularized this style，adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form，including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife．”可知，Piet Oudolf的花园有艺术气息，很有品位。] 31．A　[标题归纳题。通读全文再根据第一段中“Referred to as matrix planting，this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden...it's based on an elegantly simple principle：to garden more like nature does．”和最后一段中“With human inputs dramatically reduced，the garden's ecology can develop well...they increase carbon absorption，reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly．”可知，文章主要介绍了矩阵种植这种新型园艺设计方法，它让花园更接近自然、野生的状态，未来园艺可能会朝着这种更自然、野生的方向发展。故A项“The future of gardening is WILD”符合题意。] [易错警示] 本题学生易错选C项(矩阵式花园需要更多打理)。C项中的Matrix gardens虽然是本文讨论的主题，但“矩阵式”花园的核心理念是让花园中的花木自然生长。根据最后一段中的“Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens：fertilizer，dividing，regular watering．”可知，成熟的“矩阵式”花园减少了对人类干预的依赖，不需要像传统花园那样给予过多的关注。所以C项错误。 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 体裁四　事理阐述类论说文 事理阐述类文章多剖析现象因果或原理，结构常为“现象—分析—结论”，语言重逻辑衔接，如因果、转折等。命题侧重推理题(如原因、影响)和主旨题。解题需抓段落主题句，理清论点论据关系，通过信号词快速定位关键信息，排除偏离主旨的选项。 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 56 　(教师用书独具) 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 (2024·九省联考阅读C篇) In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People，Dale Carnegie wrote:“I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument—and that is to avoid it．”This distaste for arguments is common，but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives—and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place． 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights，which is how we often think of them．Like physical fights，verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied．Even when you win，you end up no better off．You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions—like，say，tennis tournaments．Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered．Everybody else loses．This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments． 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 However，there are ways to win an argument every time．When you state your position，formulate (阐述) an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good．When you talk with someone who takes a stand，ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully．Assess its strength and weakness．Raise objections (异议) and listen carefully to their replies．This method will require effort，but practice will make you better at it． 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 These tools can help you win every argument—not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people，learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them．If we readjust our view of arguments—from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other—then we change the very nature of what it means to“win”an argument． 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 28．What is the author's attitude toward Carnegie's understanding of arguments? A．Critical．　　 B．Supportive． C．Tolerant． D．Uncertain． √ 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 29．Why do many people try to avoid arguments? A．They lack debating skills． B．They may feel bad even if they win． C．They fear being ignored． D．They are not confident in themselves． √ 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 30．What does the underlined phrase“spell out”in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Defend． B．Explain． C．Conclude． D．Repeat． √ 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 31．What is the key to“winning”an argument according to the author? A．A sense of logic． B．Solid supporting evidence． C．Proper manners． D．Understanding from both sides． √ 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。作者认为卡耐基提出的“赢得争论的唯一方法是避免争论”的看法是错误的，并分析背后的原因，从而提出自己的观点：赢得争论的关键在于认清争论的本质——争论是基于双方相互尊重和理解的交流。 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 28．A　[推理判断题。第一段作者提到卡耐基看待争论的态度是：赢得争论的唯一办法就是避免争论，接着作者说“This distaste for arguments is common，but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems ...”即作者认为厌恶争论(或避免争论)是源自对争论有错误的看法，并在第二段分析了这种错误看法，即若把争论看作是打架或竞争，结果只能是两败俱伤，没有赢家。由此可知，作者对卡耐基对争论的看法是批判性的，A项正确。] 29．B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Like physical fights，verbal fights can leave both sides bloodied．Even when you win，you end up no better off．You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions”可知，作者认为把争论看作是打架或竞争的结果是两败俱伤，再结合第二段最后一句“This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments．”可知，很多人尽量避免争论是因为即使赢了也会有糟糕的感受。] 30．B　[词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的“and”可知，“spell out their argument”与“ask them to give you a reason for their view”是并列关系，spell out 的意思与 give a reason 的意思接近或顺承give a reason的意思，再结合画线词后面的“Assess its strength and weakness．Raise objections and listen carefully to their replies．”以及最后一段尤其是其中的关键词“a reasoned exchange”可知，双方的交流方式是各自给出自己的观点和理由，然后倾听对方的观点和理由，由此推断 spell out 的意思与explain 最接近。] 31．D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段尤其是最后一句“If we readjust our view of arguments—from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other—then we change the very nature of what it means to‘win'an argument．”可知，获得彼此的尊重和理解是“赢得”争论的关键，故D项是正确答案。] 体裁五　问题解决类说明文 问题解决类说明文多以社会/生活难题为核心，结构为“问题—方案—评价”，语言常用举例、数据佐证。命题侧重方案细节、效果分析及推理题。解题需先定位问题，再梳理解决方案步骤，关注转折词后的优化建议，对比选项与原文措施的匹配度，警惕片面表述。 72 　(教师用书独具) 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D篇) In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct，researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records．Today，most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos，videos，and other digital records．Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area，a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect． 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application，”said Barnabas Daru，who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences．“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本)，and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change，I wanted to know：Are they usable？” 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants，insects，birds，and animals，Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns． “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data，like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it，”said Daru． 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage．Moreover，these data are biased and favor certain regions，time periods，and species．This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby．These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features． What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 “Quite a lot，”Daru explained．“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled．To improve the quality of observational data，biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image．” 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 32．What do we know about the records of species collected now? A．They are becoming outdated． B．They are mostly in electronic form． C．They are limited in number． D．They are used for public exhibition． √ 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 33．What does Daru's study focus on? A．Threatened species． B．Physical specimens． C．Observational data． D．Mobile applications． √ 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 34．What has led to the biases according to the study? A．Mistakes in data analysis． B．Poor quality of uploaded pictures． C．Improper way of sampling． D．Unreliable data collection devices． √ 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 35．What is Daru's suggestion for biodiversity apps? A．Review data from certain areas． B．Hire experts to check the records． C．Confirm the identity of the users． D．Give guidance to citizen scientists． √ 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏差，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 32．B　[细节理解题。根据第一段“Today，most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos，videos，and other digital records．”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。] 33．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens，and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change，I wanted to know：Are they usable？”和第四段“‘We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias data，like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it，'said Daru．”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。] 34．C　[细节理解题。根据第四段“‘We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias data，like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it，'said Daru．”以及第五段中“This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby．”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。] 35．D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well-sampled．To improve the quality of observational data，biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image．”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用程序应该给公民科学家提供指导。] [易错警示] 本题易错点在于对选项 B和选项D的区分。B选项“Hire experts to check the records．(雇用专家去检查记录。)”与原文“encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image(鼓励用户让专家确认上传图像的物种识别)”意思不同，前者是应用程序主动雇用，后者是引导用户去让专家确认；而 D 选项中应用程序引导公民科学家去采样不足的区域，符合原文“lead them to places — and even species—that are not well-sampled”的表述。需要准确理解原文语义来避免错误选择。 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 体裁六　书评 书评类文章多介绍书籍内容、分析写作手法及评价社会意义，结构常为“背景—内容梗概—亮点—价值”。语言较生动，含文学术语。命题侧重主旨(书籍主题)、细节(情节 / 人物分析)及推理(作者意图)。解题需抓核心观点，区分事实与评价，通过书名及高频词快速定位主题，注意排除主观臆断选项。 90 　(教师用书独具) 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D篇) Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives，we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future，and this is where AI by Design：A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in．This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革)． 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 In the wrong hands，such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but，thankfully，Campbell has more than two decades'professional experience translating the heady into the understandable．She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic，making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which，by the close，will make you feel almost as smart as AI． 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 As we soon come to learn from AI by Design，AI is already super-smart and will become more capable，moving from the current generation of“narrow-AI”to Artificial General Intelligence．From there，Campbell says，will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence．This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now—several decades before these developments are expected to take place．She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence，or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse． 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it．She explains we are at a“tipping point”in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity．We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out．Such structured thinking，followed by global regulation，will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall． AI will affect us all，and if you only read one book on the subject，this is it． 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 32．What does the phrase“In the wrong hands”in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．If read by someone poorly educated． B．If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned． C．If written by someone less competent． D．If translated by someone unacademic． √ 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 33．What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text? A．It is packed with complex codes． B．It adopts a down-to-earth writing style． C．It provides step-by-step instructions． D．It is intended for AI professionals． √ 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 34．What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development? A．Observe existing regulations on it． B．Reconsider expert opinions about it． C．Make joint efforts to keep it under control． D．Learn from prior experience to slow it down． √ 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 35．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To recommend a book on AI． B．To give a brief account of AI history． C．To clarify the definition of AI． D．To honor an outstanding AI expert． √ 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。本文介绍了Catriona Campbell的新书《人工智能设计：与人工智能共生的计划》分析了当前人工智能的发展趋势和未来的AI革命，呼吁人们共同面对，携手共进。 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 32．C　[词义猜测题。根据第二段画线短语后but及thankfully可知，前后语义转折，前句应该是一种假设一个不是Campbell的作者，与后句中丰富经验的作者进行对比。由此可知，画线部分指如果换一个能力不足的人来写。] 33．B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic，making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative”可知，本书实用且易理解。由此可见，这本书的写作风格非常务实。down-to-earth“务实的，脚踏实地的”。故选B。] 34．C　[推理判断题。第三段最后一句中，Campbell建议必须保持对人工智能的控制。第四段指出，Campbell期望科技公司和世界领导人与当前正在开发它的所有专家保持一致，并表示人类处在历史的“转折点”，必须立即采取行动，以防止面临灭绝级别的事件。这表明了她呼吁人们共同努力来控制人工智能的发展，以避免潜在的灾难。C项中的keep it under control同义替换文中的 keep control of artificial intelligence。] [关键点拨] 本题重点在于对选项 C 中“joint efforts(共同努力)”的理解，文中虽未直接出现该短语，但从呼吁科技公司、世界领导人等责任方行动，以及需要全球监管等内容，可推导是需要各方协同合作来掌控人工智能，要准确把握文意中隐含的“共同行动”逻辑，避免因未理解这种协同关系而误选其他选项。 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 35．A　[写作目的题。本文通过对作者背景的介绍，对书中主要论点和观点的简要阐述，最后进行总结，在最后一段强调了本文的写作目的，强烈推荐本书。故选A。] [关键点拨] 本题要求推断作者的写作目的，主要考查同学们对文章整体的理解、把握以及对作者意图的推断能力。但是同学们不需要花费大量时间通读全文，只需重点关注第一段(引入对一本书的介绍)和最后一段(推荐图书)即可秒懂作者的写作意图。 体裁六 体裁五 体裁四 体裁三 体裁二 体裁一 思维提升课二　突破难点C、D篇 谢 谢！ Lavf58.20.100 $