Unit 1 Past and present 阅读理解10篇（单元话题：时代变迁）-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元重难点易错题精练（新教材译林版）

Unit 1 Past and present 阅读理解10篇 内容导航 单元话题 基础语篇练习 重难语篇练习 单元话题聚焦 时代变迁 基础语篇练习 稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦稳拿分数题目，确保基础分值 重难语篇练习 突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦高难度题目，争夺关键分数 基础语篇练习 The world’s fastest trains Let’s have a look at the high-speed vehicles that run on rails (轨道). Shanghai Maglev Train (磁浮列车) Shanghai (China) Having been commercially running since 2006, this train transports passengers to and from Pudong International Airport every 15 to 20 minutes. The journey covers a distance of about 19 miles in an amazing (惊人的) eight minutes or less. Italo and Frecciarossa Milan to Florence/Rome (Italy) The train is fast and environmentally friendly. Travelling from Milan to either Florence or Rome can be in less than three hours. Beijing-Zhangjiakou Intercity High-speed Railway Beijing and Zhangjiakou (China) China is surely proud of this railway, which is the world’s first to achieve driverless operation at 350 km/h. It was built to improve transport during the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games. 1．Shanghai Maglev Train started to run commercially in _________. A．1964 B．1980 C．2006 D．2014 2．During the 2022 Winter Olympic Games in Beijing, people experienced _________. A．the super-fast maglev train B．the regular bullet train C．the shuttle with renewable units D．the driverless train 3．We can most probably read this passage from _________. A．a cookbook B．a shopping guidebook C．a technical journal D．a sports magazine Technology has done wonders for our world, from development in medicine, travel, to our day-to-day lives. It has greatly changed how society works and how we connect with each other. However, as we fully welcome technology, a question comes up: Are we losing our ability (本领) to be creative? ① On one hand, technology supports creativity. Tools like design apps, social media, and online platforms (平台) help people turn ideas into reality. For example, businesses use creative ads to share new products, while artists use digital (数码的) tools to create artworks themselves. ② Technology encourages innovative thinking and problem-solving. On the other hand, there are downsides. Many people depend too heavily on computers for tasks like calculations (计算), reducing their need to think for themselves. Others spend hours looking at screens (屏幕), leaving little time for creative activities. ③ So, how can we balance technology and creativity? Here are some simple steps: 1. Limit (限制) screen time. Turn off useless notifications (通知) or use “Do Not Disturb (打扰)” mode to focus on real-world tasks. 2. Spend time outdoors. A daily walk in nature clears your mind and brings fresh ideas. 3. Try screen-free hobbies. Reading, travelling, or drawing lets you explore ideas without technology. The future of creativity depends on our choices. Will you put your phone down during meals? Will you try to find joy beyond screens? ④ Small actions today can improve the relationship between technology and creativity. 1．The writer begins this article by ________. A．telling a story B．showing the reasons C．listing some examples D．raising a question 2．In Paragraph 2, why does the writer talk about businesses? A．To show the importance of creativity. B．To suggest good ways to develop technology. C．To show how technology helps with creative activities. D．To tell the relationship between business and creativity. 3．The sentence “Over time, this habit can make our natural creativity become weak.” should be put in “________”. A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Avoid Too Much Screen Time B．Balance Tech Use to Improve Creativity C．Learn the Changes of Tech Habits D．Explore Outdoor Fun for Better Health Changes in My Hometown My hometown is a village in Jiangsu. When I was a child, life there was simple but happy. In the past, most families lived in small houses made of bricks. There was no running water in many houses—we had to carry water from the well every day. The roads were narrow and dirty. When it rained, the roads became muddy , and it was hard to walk. There was only one primary school in the village, and most children walked to school. At that time, people’s life was not easy. Farmers grew crops by hand, and they had to work very hard. There was no TV in many families, so people often got together to chat or listen to the radio in the evening. But people were friendly—neighbors helped each other, and we children played together happily in the open space. Over the past 10 years, my hometown has changed a lot. Now, most families live in tall buildings with running water and heating. The roads are wide and paved (铺砌的). Many families have cars, and there are buses to the city every hour. The primary school has been rebuilt—it now has new classrooms and a big playground. Farmers use machines to grow crops, so they have more free time. Almost every family has a TV and the Internet. People can communicate with friends far away easily. In some ways, life is better now, but I sometimes miss the old days. I miss the quiet life and the close friendship between neighbors. 1．What were the houses like in the village in the past? A．Tall buildings. B．Small brick houses. C．Houses with running water. D．Houses with heating. 2．How did children usually go to school in the past? A．By bus. B．By car. C．On foot. D．By bike. 3．What did people do in the evening in the past when there was no TV? A．They watched movies. B．They chatted or listened to the radio. C．They played computer games. D．They worked in the fields. 4．What changes have happened to the primary school now? A．It has been rebuilt with new classrooms and a playground. B．It has become a middle school. C．It has moved to the city. D．It has closed down. 5．What does the writer miss about the old days? A．Carrying water from the well. B．Walking on muddy roads. C．The quiet life and close neighborly friendship. D．Working hard in the fields. The Great Fire of London started in the very early hours of September 2nd, 1666. In four days it destroyed (破坏) more than three-quarters of the old city, where most of the houses were wooden and close together. One hundred thousand people became homeless, but only a few lost their lives. The fire started on Sunday morning in the house of the king’s baker (面包师) in Pudding Lane. The baker, with his wife and family, was able to get out through a window in the roof. A strong wind blew the fire from the bakery into a small hotel next door. Then it spread (蔓延) quickly into Thames Street. That was the beginning.     By eight o’clock three hundred houses were on fire. On Monday nearly a kilometer of the city was burning along the River Thames. Tuesday was the worst day. The fire destroyed many well-known buildings, old St. Paul’s and the Guildhall among them.     Samuel Pepys, the famous writer, wrote about the fire. People threw their things into the river. Many poor people stayed in their houses until the last moment. Birds fell out of the air because of the heat. The fire stopped only when the king finally ordered people to destroy hundreds of buildings in the path of the fire. With nothing left to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out. After the fire, Christopher Wren, the architect (建筑师), wanted a city with wider streets and fine new houses of stone. In fact, the streets are still narrow; but he did build more than fifty churches, among them new St. Paul’s.     The fire caused great pain and loss, but after it London was a better place: a city for the future and not just of the past. 1．It seems that the writer of the text was most sorry for the fact that _________. A．some people lost their lives B．the birds in the sky were killed by the fire C．many famous buildings were destroyed D．the king’s bakery was burned down 2．Why did the writer cite (引用) Samuel Pepys? A．Because Pepys was among those putting out the fire. B．Because Pepys also wrote about the fire. C．To show that poor people suffered (遭受) most. D．To give the reader a clearer picture of the fire. 3．How was the fire put out according to the text? A．The king and his soldiers came to help. B．People pulled down houses standing in the direction of the fire. C．People managed to get enough water from the river. D．All the wooden houses in the city were destroyed. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The Great Fire of London ended on September 4th, 1666. B．Many birds were burned in the fire because they couldn’t fly away in time. C．The King’s baker caused the great fire. D．No loss, no gain. London became a better place because of the great fire. My hometown is a small city in the north of China. It has a long history, and it has changed a lot over the past 20 years. I have lived here since I was born, and I know it very well. Twenty years ago, the city was small and not very developed. There were no tall buildings, and the roads were narrow. There was only one hospital and one school in the city. People’s lives were simple. They used to grow vegetables in their yards and eat home-cooked food. There were no supermarkets, so people had to buy food in small shops. Now, the city has become a modern one. Many tall buildings have been built, and the roads are wide and clean. There are three hospitals and five schools. There are many supermarkets, shopping malls and restaurants. People can buy all kinds of food and things easily. Many people have their own cars, and the public transport is also very convenient. The environment has also changed. In the past, there were few trees in the city. But now, many trees and flowers have been planted. The air is fresher, and the sky is bluer. There are many parks in the city, and people often go there to exercise and relax. I am glad to see these changes. My hometown is becoming better and better. I love my hometown and will always be proud of it. 1．How long has the writer lived in his hometown? A．For 10 years. B．For 15 years. C．For 20 years. D．Since he was born. 2．How many hospitals were there in the city 20 years ago? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Five. 3．What has changed about the environment of the city? A．There are fewer trees now. B．The air is fresher now. C．The sky is darker now. D．There are no parks now. Changes are happening everywhere in the world. Our daily life has changed a lot over the past few decades. Let’s look at some changes in people’s life. In the past, people used to keep in touch with each other by writing letters. It took a long time to get a letter. But now, people can use WeChat, QQ or phone calls to keep in touch. It is fast and convenient. We can talk to each other face to face even if we are far away. In the past, people used to go out by bike or on foot. For long trips, they took trains or buses. But now, many people have their own cars. They can go out by car easily. High-speed trains and planes are also more popular. They make long trips faster and more comfortable. In the past, people used to watch TV or listen to the radio in their free time. But now, people can use mobile phones, computers and tablets to watch videos, play games and read books. There are more ways to relax. These changes have made our life better and more convenient. But we should also remember the good old days and cherish the present life. 1．How did people use to keep in touch with each other? A．By WeChat. B．By writing letters. C．By phone calls. D．By QQ. 2．What is the advantage of keeping in touch by WeChat now? A．It is slow. B．It is expensive. C．It is fast and convenient. D．It takes a long time. 3．What did people use to do in their free time? A．Watch TV or listen to the radio. B．Play games on computers. C．Watch videos on mobile phones. D．Read books on tablets. 4．What does the writer think of the changes in daily life? A．They are bad. B．They are good and convenient. C．They are boring. D．They are not necessary. I’m a Chinese student. I am very proud of China and I’d love to do something for the development of my country. When I finish my education in Canada, I will go back to China, so I can give something back to the country. I’m a Chinese student in America. My hometown used to be very poor. But it has changed a lot. As more and more tourists come to visit my hometown, many people here live a better life and have their own cars now. I’m very pleased with these moves. I spent two years in Beijing as a student in the late 2000s and I recently went back there for a holiday. I couldn’t believe that so many changes took place in such a short time. I respect Chinese people for their strong family values and deep sense of duty. I believe our country will become more prosperous (繁荣的). There is still a long way to go. There are many challenges and difficulties ahead, but I’m sure we can make it if we work together. 1．Who is not Chinese? A．Jackson. B．Susan. C．Zhou Li. D．Carmon. 2．What has helped improve people’s life in Zhou Li’s hometown? A．The help from other cities. B．The development of tourism. C．More car factories. D．The rich natural resources (资源). 3．What’s Susan’s feeling about China’s future? A．Unsure. B．Happy. C．Worried. D．Hopeful. 4．Where can we read this passage? A．In the newspaper. B．On a website. C．In a guide book. D．On the noticeboard. Who’s building the new China? It’s not the factory owners or the business men. It’s someone else. We see them every day. They work day and night in the terrible working places and weather. They build the roads, the theaters, the cinemas and the supermarkets. They even clean up our rubbish. They are China’s migrant workers (民工). Over 140 million workers left their homes in the countryside to look for jobs in big cities around China. They hope to be rich, but they find they have many difficulties in making enough money. And one of the difficulties is the pride and discrimination (歧视) from the people in cities. When night falls. I see the sad faces of the migrant workers. Many are living far away from the people whom they love. Yes, they dress differently, they speak differently, and they have different habits, but they work hard. The people in cities think they are outsiders, and most governments refuse (拒绝) to give them medical care (医疗) and public schooling for their children. If China hopes to move into the future, many things need to change. The first is discrimination! We need to stop our discrimination against the migrant workers of China! They may not make as much money as some people in cities, but they are good people just trying to survive (生存). These workers are very important and necessary to China’s economic development (经济发展) and play an important role in changing Chinese society (社会). They are building the new China, so we should help them. 1．The writer thinks ________ is building the new China. A．the factory owners of China B．the business men and women of China C．the migrant workers of China D．the people in Chinese cities 2．China’s migrant workers work ________. A．only at night B．day and night C．in good working conditions D．when the weather is fine 3．What is the best title for the fourth and fifth paragraphs? A．Moving into the future. B．The discrimination from the people in cities. C．How to make more money. D．A lonely life. 重难语篇练习 In China, group-buying is becoming more and more popular. Pinduoduo was built on group-buying. The company offered low prices to “team” of online buyers, encouraging customers to invite friends and families to buy together. Now, another form has come: community group-buying. Community group-buying allow a group of people in the same community to get low prices by buying together. In March 2020, the company started its own community group-buying platform (平台) Kuaituantuan. On July 7th, another Chinese company Meituan set up a community group-buying platform called Youxuan, which means “best pick”. The platform sells fresh food, including fruits and vegetables. As of July 27th, the service had begun in several cities around the country. The community group-buying focuses on a group of people living in the same community. Meituan’s Youxuan chooses a leader from these communities. Then he creates a WeChat group and starts posting product links (链接) for people of his or her community. The links guide customers to Youxuan’s WeChat Mini Program to place their orders. The community group-buying not only ends up being cheaper for buyers but the platforms. It can allow people who live close to one another to order together. This leads to higher efficiency (效率) and lower costs for the platforms. It also allows buyer to order in large number and take products home by themselves instead of employing (雇佣) many men to send products. Actually, this way can build trust among shoppers who are looking for healthy products. Community group-buying also allows customers to show their care about products they have bought more easily. 1．When did the platform Kuaituantuan set up? A．In March 2020.B．On July 7th, 2020. C．On July 27th, 2020. D．In March 2021. 2．What can we know from the second paragraph? A．Community group-buying is becoming more and more popular. B．Community group-buying has already taken place of the stores. C．Community group-buying offers the best products to customers. D．Community group-buying touches every corner of communities. 3．How does the community group-buying work? Choose the right order. A．Create a WeChat group→Choose a leader→Post·product links→Place orders B．Post product links→Choose a leader→Create a WeChat group→Place orders C．Choose a leader→Create a WeChat group→Post product links→Place orders D．Create a WeChat group→Post product links→Place orders→Choose a leader 4．Which of the following is TRUE about the community group-buying? A．It ends up being expensive for buyers and the platforms. B．It allows buyers to order in small number all the time. C．It can build trust among shoppers looking for healthy goods. D．It allows people who live far away from one another to order together. 5．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．The influence of the community group-buying. B．The suggestions to the community group-buying. C．The advantages of the community group-buying. D．The development of the community group-buying. China, an ancient country with a splendid civilization spanning five thousand years, suffered humiliation and oppression from foreign powers in modern history. However, the resilient Chinese people never yielded and remained committed to pursuing national independence, national liberation, and people’s happiness. Under the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese people have finally ushered in a glorious transformation from poverty and weakness to prosperity and strength, despite facing numerous hardships. Firstly, the pride of the Chinese people has increased with time. Starting from a poor and blank slate, China has gradually risen to become the world’s second-largest economy, with a significant improvement in people’s quality of life. The country’s international influence has expanded increasingly, making it a pivotal player in global affairs. Whenever mentioning their motherland, the Chinese people feel proud and take pride in their country’s remarkable achievements. Whether it is China’s charm at international events or Chinese wisdom in technological innovation, this sense of pride becomes stronger. Secondly, the sense of security among the Chinese people has become increasingly solid. China firmly pursues a path of peaceful development, actively participates in global governance, and contributes to world peace with Chinese power. At the same time, the country continuously strengthens national defense construction and fortifies security defenses to ensure people’s peaceful lives. With the strong guarantee of the Communist Party of China, people have full confidence in national security and live more peacefully. Whether it is the harmonious scenes in the streets and alleys or the strategic layout at the national level, this sense of security is deeply rooted in people’s hearts. Finally, the sense of gain among the Chinese people has continued to increase. China has always adhered to the people-centered development concept, comprehensively promoted various social undertakings, and continuously improved people’s livelihoods. Issues related to education, healthcare, pension, housing, and other livelihoods have been effectively improved, significantly enhancing people’s sense of gain. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the fruits of national development benefit all people, and people’s aspirations for a better life are gradually becoming a reality. Whether it is children enjoying quality education or elders receiving thoughtful care, this sense of gain becomes more tangible. In summary, China’s struggle from weakness to strength has increasingly brought the Chinese people a sense of pride, security, and gain. The Chinese people will continue to strive tirelessly under the leadership of the Communist Party of China to realize the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation. 1．What is the main message of the text? A．China’s history of humiliation and oppression. B．China’s transformation from poverty to prosperity. C．China’s international influence and global role. D．China’s focus on education and healthcare. 2．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the Chinese people’s increasing sense of pride? A．China’s rise as the world’s second-largest economy. B．China’s charm at international events. C．China’s wisdom in technological innovation. D．China’s military conflicts with neighboring countries. 3．What does China firmly pursue as a path of development? A．Military expansion. B．Peaceful development. C．Economic supremacy. D．Political domination. 4．What is the primary reason for the Chinese people’s increasing sense of gain? A．The increase in military strength. B．The improvement of people’s livelihoods. C．The expansion of China’s territory. D．The rise in China’s population. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Past and present 阅读理解10篇 内容导航 单元话题 基础语篇练习 重难语篇练习 单元话题聚焦 时代变迁 基础语篇练习 稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦稳拿分数题目，确保基础分值 重难语篇练习 突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦高难度题目，争夺关键分数 基础语篇练习 The world’s fastest trains Let’s have a look at the high-speed vehicles that run on rails (轨道). Shanghai Maglev Train (磁浮列车) Shanghai (China) Having been commercially running since 2006, this train transports passengers to and from Pudong International Airport every 15 to 20 minutes. The journey covers a distance of about 19 miles in an amazing (惊人的) eight minutes or less. Italo and Frecciarossa Milan to Florence/Rome (Italy) The train is fast and environmentally friendly. Travelling from Milan to either Florence or Rome can be in less than three hours. Beijing-Zhangjiakou Intercity High-speed Railway Beijing and Zhangjiakou (China) China is surely proud of this railway, which is the world’s first to achieve driverless operation at 350 km/h. It was built to improve transport during the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games. 1．Shanghai Maglev Train started to run commercially in _________. A．1964 B．1980 C．2006 D．2014 2．During the 2022 Winter Olympic Games in Beijing, people experienced _________. A．the super-fast maglev train B．the regular bullet train C．the shuttle with renewable units D．the driverless train 3．We can most probably read this passage from _________. A．a cookbook B．a shopping guidebook C．a technical journal D．a sports magazine 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了世界上几种运行在轨道上的高速列车。 1．细节理解题。根据“Shanghai Maglev Train... Having been commercially running since 2006...”可知，上海磁浮列车自2006年开始商业运营。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Beijing-Zhangjiakou Intercity High-speed Railway... which is the world’s first to achieve driverless operation at 350 km/h. It was built to improve transport during the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games.”可知，在2022年北京冬奥会期间，人们体验到了无人驾驶列车。故选D。 3．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了高速列车的技术特点、运行速度和环保性能等技术相关信息，这类内容最有可能出现在技术期刊中。故选C。 Technology has done wonders for our world, from development in medicine, travel, to our day-to-day lives. It has greatly changed how society works and how we connect with each other. However, as we fully welcome technology, a question comes up: Are we losing our ability (本领) to be creative? ① On one hand, technology supports creativity. Tools like design apps, social media, and online platforms (平台) help people turn ideas into reality. For example, businesses use creative ads to share new products, while artists use digital (数码的) tools to create artworks themselves. ② Technology encourages innovative thinking and problem-solving. On the other hand, there are downsides. Many people depend too heavily on computers for tasks like calculations (计算), reducing their need to think for themselves. Others spend hours looking at screens (屏幕), leaving little time for creative activities. ③ So, how can we balance technology and creativity? Here are some simple steps: 1. Limit (限制) screen time. Turn off useless notifications (通知) or use “Do Not Disturb (打扰)” mode to focus on real-world tasks. 2. Spend time outdoors. A daily walk in nature clears your mind and brings fresh ideas. 3. Try screen-free hobbies. Reading, travelling, or drawing lets you explore ideas without technology. The future of creativity depends on our choices. Will you put your phone down during meals? Will you try to find joy beyond screens? ④ Small actions today can improve the relationship between technology and creativity. 1．The writer begins this article by ________. A．telling a story B．showing the reasons C．listing some examples D．raising a question 2．In Paragraph 2, why does the writer talk about businesses? A．To show the importance of creativity. B．To suggest good ways to develop technology. C．To show how technology helps with creative activities. D．To tell the relationship between business and creativity. 3．The sentence “Over time, this habit can make our natural creativity become weak.” should be put in “________”. A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Avoid Too Much Screen Time B．Balance Tech Use to Improve Creativity C．Learn the Changes of Tech Habits D．Explore Outdoor Fun for Better Health 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，讨论科技发展对创造力的影响，并提出如何在使用科技与保持创造力之间取得平衡。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“a question comes up:Are we losing our ability to be creative?”可知，作者在文章开头提出一个问题，引出话题。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“businesses use creative ads to share new products”可知，作者通过企业利用创意广告的例子说明科技可以帮助人们进行创造性活动。故选C。 3．推理判断题。句子“Over time,this habit can make our natural creativity become weak.”意为“久而久之，这种习惯会让我们的自然创造力变弱”。前文提到人们长时间看屏幕，缺少创造性活动，因此该句应放在说明这种结果的位置，即③处。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。文章先说明科技对创造力的好处与问题，再提出如何平衡科技使用与创造力，因此最佳标题是“Balance Tech Use to Improve Creativity”通过平衡科技使用来提升创造力。故选B。 Changes in My Hometown My hometown is a village in Jiangsu. When I was a child, life there was simple but happy. In the past, most families lived in small houses made of bricks. There was no running water in many houses—we had to carry water from the well every day. The roads were narrow and dirty. When it rained, the roads became muddy , and it was hard to walk. There was only one primary school in the village, and most children walked to school. At that time, people’s life was not easy. Farmers grew crops by hand, and they had to work very hard. There was no TV in many families, so people often got together to chat or listen to the radio in the evening. But people were friendly—neighbors helped each other, and we children played together happily in the open space. Over the past 10 years, my hometown has changed a lot. Now, most families live in tall buildings with running water and heating. The roads are wide and paved (铺砌的). Many families have cars, and there are buses to the city every hour. The primary school has been rebuilt—it now has new classrooms and a big playground. Farmers use machines to grow crops, so they have more free time. Almost every family has a TV and the Internet. People can communicate with friends far away easily. In some ways, life is better now, but I sometimes miss the old days. I miss the quiet life and the close friendship between neighbors. 1．What were the houses like in the village in the past? A．Tall buildings. B．Small brick houses. C．Houses with running water. D．Houses with heating. 2．How did children usually go to school in the past? A．By bus. B．By car. C．On foot. D．By bike. 3．What did people do in the evening in the past when there was no TV? A．They watched movies. B．They chatted or listened to the radio. C．They played computer games. D．They worked in the fields. 4．What changes have happened to the primary school now? A．It has been rebuilt with new classrooms and a playground. B．It has become a middle school. C．It has moved to the city. D．It has closed down. 5．What does the writer miss about the old days? A．Carrying water from the well. B．Walking on muddy roads. C．The quiet life and close neighborly friendship. D．Working hard in the fields. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者家乡江苏一个村庄过去十年间在住房、道路、生活方式等方面发生的巨大变化，以及对过去简单生活的怀念。 1．细节理解题。根据第2段“In the past, most families lived in small houses made of bricks.”可知，过去村里的房子是小的砖房。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第2段“most children walked to school.”可知，过去孩子们通常是步行去上学。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第3段“There was no TV in many families, so people often got together to chat or listen to the radio in the evening.”可知，过去没有电视时，人们晚上常常聚在一起聊天或听收音机。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第4段“The primary school has been rebuilt—it now has new classrooms and a big playground.”可知，现在小学已经被重建，有了新的教室和大型操场。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据最后一段“I miss the quiet life and the close friendship between neighbors.”可知，作者怀念过去安静的生活和邻里间亲密的友谊。故选C。 The Great Fire of London started in the very early hours of September 2nd, 1666. In four days it destroyed (破坏) more than three-quarters of the old city, where most of the houses were wooden and close together. One hundred thousand people became homeless, but only a few lost their lives. The fire started on Sunday morning in the house of the king’s baker (面包师) in Pudding Lane. The baker, with his wife and family, was able to get out through a window in the roof. A strong wind blew the fire from the bakery into a small hotel next door. Then it spread (蔓延) quickly into Thames Street. That was the beginning.     By eight o’clock three hundred houses were on fire. On Monday nearly a kilometer of the city was burning along the River Thames. Tuesday was the worst day. The fire destroyed many well-known buildings, old St. Paul’s and the Guildhall among them.     Samuel Pepys, the famous writer, wrote about the fire. People threw their things into the river. Many poor people stayed in their houses until the last moment. Birds fell out of the air because of the heat. The fire stopped only when the king finally ordered people to destroy hundreds of buildings in the path of the fire. With nothing left to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out. After the fire, Christopher Wren, the architect (建筑师), wanted a city with wider streets and fine new houses of stone. In fact, the streets are still narrow; but he did build more than fifty churches, among them new St. Paul’s.     The fire caused great pain and loss, but after it London was a better place: a city for the future and not just of the past. 1．It seems that the writer of the text was most sorry for the fact that _________. A．some people lost their lives B．the birds in the sky were killed by the fire C．many famous buildings were destroyed D．the king’s bakery was burned down 2．Why did the writer cite (引用) Samuel Pepys? A．Because Pepys was among those putting out the fire. B．Because Pepys also wrote about the fire. C．To show that poor people suffered (遭受) most. D．To give the reader a clearer picture of the fire. 3．How was the fire put out according to the text? A．The king and his soldiers came to help. B．People pulled down houses standing in the direction of the fire. C．People managed to get enough water from the river. D．All the wooden houses in the city were destroyed. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The Great Fire of London ended on September 4th, 1666. B．Many birds were burned in the fire because they couldn’t fly away in time. C．The King’s baker caused the great fire. D．No loss, no gain. London became a better place because of the great fire. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了1666年伦敦大火的发生、蔓延、扑灭过程，以及大火对伦敦造成的破坏和后续重建，强调了火灾带来的痛苦和损失，但也指出火灾后伦敦成为了一个更好的地方。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Tuesday was the worst day. The fire destroyed many well-known buildings, old St. Paul’s and the Guildhall among them.”可知，作者最为遗憾的是许多著名的建筑被大火摧毁。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Samuel Pepys, the famous writer, wrote about the fire. People threw their things into the river. Many poor people stayed in their houses until the last moment. Birds fell out of the air because of the heat.”可知，作者引用Samuel Pepys的描述，是为了让读者更清晰地了解火灾的情况，包括人们的反应和火灾的严重性。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The fire stopped only when the king finally ordered people to destroy hundreds of buildings in the path of the fire. With nothing left to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out.”可知，火灾是通过拆除位于火势蔓延方向上的房屋来扑灭的。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The fire caused great pain and loss, but after it London was a better place: a city for the future and not just of the past.”可知，虽然火灾造成了巨大的痛苦和损失，但伦敦在火灾后成为了一个更好的地方，这与选项D“不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹。伦敦因为这场大火而成为一个更好的地方”相符。故选D。 My hometown is a small city in the north of China. It has a long history, and it has changed a lot over the past 20 years. I have lived here since I was born, and I know it very well. Twenty years ago, the city was small and not very developed. There were no tall buildings, and the roads were narrow. There was only one hospital and one school in the city. People’s lives were simple. They used to grow vegetables in their yards and eat home-cooked food. There were no supermarkets, so people had to buy food in small shops. Now, the city has become a modern one. Many tall buildings have been built, and the roads are wide and clean. There are three hospitals and five schools. There are many supermarkets, shopping malls and restaurants. People can buy all kinds of food and things easily. Many people have their own cars, and the public transport is also very convenient. The environment has also changed. In the past, there were few trees in the city. But now, many trees and flowers have been planted. The air is fresher, and the sky is bluer. There are many parks in the city, and people often go there to exercise and relax. I am glad to see these changes. My hometown is becoming better and better. I love my hometown and will always be proud of it. 1．How long has the writer lived in his hometown? A．For 10 years. B．For 15 years. C．For 20 years. D．Since he was born. 2．How many hospitals were there in the city 20 years ago? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Five. 3．What has changed about the environment of the city? A．There are fewer trees now. B．The air is fresher now. C．The sky is darker now. D．There are no parks now. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者对自己家乡过去20年变化的观察与描述，包括城市建设、居民生活以及环境方面的巨大改善。 1．细节理解题。根据第1段“I have lived here since I was born”可知，作者从出生起就住在自己的家乡。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第2段“There was only one hospital and one school in the city.”可知，20年前这个城市只有一家医院。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第4段“The air is fresher, and the sky is bluer.”可知，现在家乡的空气变得更清新了。故选B。 Changes are happening everywhere in the world. Our daily life has changed a lot over the past few decades. Let’s look at some changes in people’s life. In the past, people used to keep in touch with each other by writing letters. It took a long time to get a letter. But now, people can use WeChat, QQ or phone calls to keep in touch. It is fast and convenient. We can talk to each other face to face even if we are far away. In the past, people used to go out by bike or on foot. For long trips, they took trains or buses. But now, many people have their own cars. They can go out by car easily. High-speed trains and planes are also more popular. They make long trips faster and more comfortable. In the past, people used to watch TV or listen to the radio in their free time. But now, people can use mobile phones, computers and tablets to watch videos, play games and read books. There are more ways to relax. These changes have made our life better and more convenient. But we should also remember the good old days and cherish the present life. 1．How did people use to keep in touch with each other? A．By WeChat. B．By writing letters. C．By phone calls. D．By QQ. 2．What is the advantage of keeping in touch by WeChat now? A．It is slow. B．It is expensive. C．It is fast and convenient. D．It takes a long time. 3．What did people use to do in their free time? A．Watch TV or listen to the radio. B．Play games on computers. C．Watch videos on mobile phones. D．Read books on tablets. 4．What does the writer think of the changes in daily life? A．They are bad. B．They are good and convenient. C．They are boring. D．They are not necessary. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文从通讯、出行和休闲娱乐三个方面对比了人们过去与现在生活方式的变化，展现了社会发展给生活带来的便利。 1．细节理解题。根据“In the past, people used to keep in touch with each other by writing letters.”可知，过去人们通过写信保持联系。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“But now, people can use WeChat, QQ or phone calls to keep in touch. It is fast and convenient.”可知，现在用微信联系快速又方便。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“In the past, people used to watch TV or listen to the radio in their free time.”可知，过去人们空闲时看电视或听收音机。故选A。 4．观点态度题。根据最后一段“These changes have made our life better and more convenient.”可知，作者认为这些变化让生活更好、更方便。故选B。 I’m a Chinese student. I am very proud of China and I’d love to do something for the development of my country. When I finish my education in Canada, I will go back to China, so I can give something back to the country. I’m a Chinese student in America. My hometown used to be very poor. But it has changed a lot. As more and more tourists come to visit my hometown, many people here live a better life and have their own cars now. I’m very pleased with these moves. I spent two years in Beijing as a student in the late 2000s and I recently went back there for a holiday. I couldn’t believe that so many changes took place in such a short time. I respect Chinese people for their strong family values and deep sense of duty. I believe our country will become more prosperous (繁荣的). There is still a long way to go. There are many challenges and difficulties ahead, but I’m sure we can make it if we work together. 1．Who is not Chinese? A．Jackson. B．Susan. C．Zhou Li. D．Carmon. 2．What has helped improve people’s life in Zhou Li’s hometown? A．The help from other cities. B．The development of tourism. C．More car factories. D．The rich natural resources (资源). 3．What’s Susan’s feeling about China’s future? A．Unsure. B．Happy. C．Worried. D．Hopeful. 4．Where can we read this passage? A．In the newspaper. B．On a website. C．In a guide book. D．On the noticeboard. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是网络留言。短文通过四位年轻人的视角，以表格形式讲述了中国的变化和发展。 1．细节理解题。根据“Carmon：I’m a Chinese student.”“Zhou Li：I’m a Chinese student in America.”及“Susan：I believe our country will become more prosperous.”可知，三位均明确提到是中国学生或来自中国地区，Jackson不是中国人。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“As more and more tourists come to visit my hometown, many people here live a better life and have their own cars now.”可知，随着越来越多的游客来到我的家乡，这里的许多人过上了更好的生活，现在有了自己的车。所以是旅游业的发展帮助提升了人们的生活。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“I believe our country will become more prosperous. There is still a long way to go. There are many challenges and difficulties ahead, but I’m sure we can make it if we work together.”可知，Susan相信我们的国家会变得更加繁荣，虽然有许多挑战和困难，但相信终能成功。故选D。 4．推理判断题。文章以多人评论的形式呈现，且内容围绕个人感受和观察，符合网络留言板的特点，而非报纸、旅行指南或告示牌。故选B。 Who’s building the new China? It’s not the factory owners or the business men. It’s someone else. We see them every day. They work day and night in the terrible working places and weather. They build the roads, the theaters, the cinemas and the supermarkets. They even clean up our rubbish. They are China’s migrant workers (民工). Over 140 million workers left their homes in the countryside to look for jobs in big cities around China. They hope to be rich, but they find they have many difficulties in making enough money. And one of the difficulties is the pride and discrimination (歧视) from the people in cities. When night falls. I see the sad faces of the migrant workers. Many are living far away from the people whom they love. Yes, they dress differently, they speak differently, and they have different habits, but they work hard. The people in cities think they are outsiders, and most governments refuse (拒绝) to give them medical care (医疗) and public schooling for their children. If China hopes to move into the future, many things need to change. The first is discrimination! We need to stop our discrimination against the migrant workers of China! They may not make as much money as some people in cities, but they are good people just trying to survive (生存). These workers are very important and necessary to China’s economic development (经济发展) and play an important role in changing Chinese society (社会). They are building the new China, so we should help them. 1．The writer thinks ________ is building the new China. A．the factory owners of China B．the business men and women of China C．the migrant workers of China D．the people in Chinese cities 2．China’s migrant workers work ________. A．only at night B．day and night C．in good working conditions D．when the weather is fine 3．What is the best title for the fourth and fifth paragraphs? A．Moving into the future. B．The discrimination from the people in cities. C．How to make more money. D．A lonely life. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国的农民工如何在不利的社会条件和工作环境中努力工作以建设新中国，并呼吁停止对他们的歧视。 1．细节理解题。根据“Who’s building the new China?.. They are China’s migrant workers (民工).”可知，作者认为正在建设新中国的是中国的农民工。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“They work day and night in the terrible working places and weather.”可知，民工们整天都在工作，无论白天还是晚上。故选B。 3．最佳标题题。根据第四段和第五段内容，可以看出这两段主要讨论的是来自城市人们的歧视问题。故选B。 重难语篇练习 In China, group-buying is becoming more and more popular. Pinduoduo was built on group-buying. The company offered low prices to “team” of online buyers, encouraging customers to invite friends and families to buy together. Now, another form has come: community group-buying. Community group-buying allow a group of people in the same community to get low prices by buying together. In March 2020, the company started its own community group-buying platform (平台) Kuaituantuan. On July 7th, another Chinese company Meituan set up a community group-buying platform called Youxuan, which means “best pick”. The platform sells fresh food, including fruits and vegetables. As of July 27th, the service had begun in several cities around the country. The community group-buying focuses on a group of people living in the same community. Meituan’s Youxuan chooses a leader from these communities. Then he creates a WeChat group and starts posting product links (链接) for people of his or her community. The links guide customers to Youxuan’s WeChat Mini Program to place their orders. The community group-buying not only ends up being cheaper for buyers but the platforms. It can allow people who live close to one another to order together. This leads to higher efficiency (效率) and lower costs for the platforms. It also allows buyer to order in large number and take products home by themselves instead of employing (雇佣) many men to send products. Actually, this way can build trust among shoppers who are looking for healthy products. Community group-buying also allows customers to show their care about products they have bought more easily. 1．When did the platform Kuaituantuan set up? A．In March 2020.B．On July 7th, 2020. C．On July 27th, 2020. D．In March 2021. 2．What can we know from the second paragraph? A．Community group-buying is becoming more and more popular. B．Community group-buying has already taken place of the stores. C．Community group-buying offers the best products to customers. D．Community group-buying touches every corner of communities. 3．How does the community group-buying work? Choose the right order. A．Create a WeChat group→Choose a leader→Post·product links→Place orders B．Post product links→Choose a leader→Create a WeChat group→Place orders C．Choose a leader→Create a WeChat group→Post product links→Place orders D．Create a WeChat group→Post product links→Place orders→Choose a leader 4．Which of the following is TRUE about the community group-buying? A．It ends up being expensive for buyers and the platforms. B．It allows buyers to order in small number all the time. C．It can build trust among shoppers looking for healthy goods. D．It allows people who live far away from one another to order together. 5．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．The influence of the community group-buying. B．The suggestions to the community group-buying. C．The advantages of the community group-buying. D．The development of the community group-buying. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国社区团购的兴起、运作方式及其优势。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“In March 2020, the company started its own community group-buying platform (平台) Kuaituantuan.”可知，快团团成立于2020年3月。故选A。 2．推理判断题。通读本段可知，多家公司创立团购平台，结合“As of July 27th, the service had begun in several cities around the country.”可推知，社区团购正变得越来越流行。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第3段“Meituan’s Youxuan chooses a leader...place their orders.”可知，团购的流程为美团优选从社区中选出一名团长，团长创建微信群并发布商品链接，引导用户下单。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Actually, this way can build trust among shoppers who are looking for healthy products.”可知，实际上这种方式可以建立寻求健康产品的消费者之间的信任。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。全文围绕社区团购的兴起、运作模式及优势展开，重点描述其发展过程。故选D。 China, an ancient country with a splendid civilization spanning five thousand years, suffered humiliation and oppression from foreign powers in modern history. However, the resilient Chinese people never yielded and remained committed to pursuing national independence, national liberation, and people’s happiness. Under the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese people have finally ushered in a glorious transformation from poverty and weakness to prosperity and strength, despite facing numerous hardships. Firstly, the pride of the Chinese people has increased with time. Starting from a poor and blank slate, China has gradually risen to become the world’s second-largest economy, with a significant improvement in people’s quality of life. The country’s international influence has expanded increasingly, making it a pivotal player in global affairs. Whenever mentioning their motherland, the Chinese people feel proud and take pride in their country’s remarkable achievements. Whether it is China’s charm at international events or Chinese wisdom in technological innovation, this sense of pride becomes stronger. Secondly, the sense of security among the Chinese people has become increasingly solid. China firmly pursues a path of peaceful development, actively participates in global governance, and contributes to world peace with Chinese power. At the same time, the country continuously strengthens national defense construction and fortifies security defenses to ensure people’s peaceful lives. With the strong guarantee of the Communist Party of China, people have full confidence in national security and live more peacefully. Whether it is the harmonious scenes in the streets and alleys or the strategic layout at the national level, this sense of security is deeply rooted in people’s hearts. Finally, the sense of gain among the Chinese people has continued to increase. China has always adhered to the people-centered development concept, comprehensively promoted various social undertakings, and continuously improved people’s livelihoods. Issues related to education, healthcare, pension, housing, and other livelihoods have been effectively improved, significantly enhancing people’s sense of gain. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the fruits of national development benefit all people, and people’s aspirations for a better life are gradually becoming a reality. Whether it is children enjoying quality education or elders receiving thoughtful care, this sense of gain becomes more tangible. In summary, China’s struggle from weakness to strength has increasingly brought the Chinese people a sense of pride, security, and gain. The Chinese people will continue to strive tirelessly under the leadership of the Communist Party of China to realize the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation. 1．What is the main message of the text? A．China’s history of humiliation and oppression. B．China’s transformation from poverty to prosperity. C．China’s international influence and global role. D．China’s focus on education and healthcare. 2．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the Chinese people’s increasing sense of pride? A．China’s rise as the world’s second-largest economy. B．China’s charm at international events. C．China’s wisdom in technological innovation. D．China’s military conflicts with neighboring countries. 3．What does China firmly pursue as a path of development? A．Military expansion. B．Peaceful development. C．Economic supremacy. D．Political domination. 4．What is the primary reason for the Chinese people’s increasing sense of gain? A．The increase in military strength. B．The improvement of people’s livelihoods. C．The expansion of China’s territory. D．The rise in China’s population. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国从近代的贫穷和屈辱中崛起，在中国共产党的领导下，逐步实现了从贫困到繁荣的转变。 1．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了中国从近代的贫穷和屈辱中崛起，在中国共产党的领导下，逐步实现了从贫困到繁荣的转变。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Starting from a poor and blank slate, China has gradually risen to become the world’s second-largest economy, with a significant improvement in people’s quality of life.”以及“Whether it is China’s charm at international events or Chinese wisdom in technological innovation, this sense of pride becomes stronger.”可知，中国的崛起成为世界第二大经济体、中国在国际事件中的魅力以及中国在技术创新方面的智慧都被提及为导致中国人民自豪感增强的因素。而“China’s military conflicts with neighboring countries.”（中国与邻国的军事冲突）并未在文中提及。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Secondly, the sense of security among the Chinese people has become increasingly solid. China firmly pursues a path of peaceful development...”可知，中国坚定追求和平发展道路。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Finally, the sense of gain among the Chinese people has continued to increase. China has always adhered to the people-centered development concept, comprehensively promoted various social undertakings, and continuously improved people’s livelihoods.”可知，中国人民获得感不断增强的主要原因是人民生活的不断改善。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $