Unit 1 Past and present 短文首字母填空10篇（单元话题：时代变迁）-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元重难点易错题精练（新教材译林版）

Unit 1 Past and present 短文首字母填空10篇 内容导航 单元话题 基础语篇练习 重难语篇练习 单元话题聚焦 时代变迁 基础语篇练习 稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦稳拿分数题目，确保基础分值 重难语篇练习 突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦高难度题目，争夺关键分数 基础语篇练习 My hometown has changed a lot o 1 the years. In the p 2 , people lived in small and old houses. There were not many cars or buses. People u 3 to walk or ride bikes to go out. Now great changes have t 4 place. Tall buildings stand everywhere. People can go around by bus, underground or car. The old park has been t 5 into a beautiful square. Many people take a walk there f 6 time to time. However, there is a problem: the p 7 is becoming more serious. The river is not as clean as before. We must t 8 action to make our hometown cleaner and more beautiful. I hope we can live a happy life a 9 the time and love our hometown f 10 ever. 【答案】 1．over/ver 2．past/ast 3．used/sed 4．taken/aken 5．turned/urned 6．from/rom 7．pollution/ollution 8．take/ake 9．all/ll 10．for/or 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，对比了家乡过去和现在的变化，指出了当前存在的污染问题，并呼吁采取行动保护家乡。 1．句意：这些年来，我的家乡变化很大。根据首字母“o”和“the years”可知，“over the years”是固定短语，意为“这些年来”，是现在完成时的标志短语。故填over。 2．句意：在过去，人们住在又小又旧的房子里。根据首字母“p”和后文“Now great changes…”的时间对比可知，“in the past”是固定短语，意为“在过去”。故填past。 3．句意：人们过去常常步行或骑自行车外出。根据首字母“u”和语境可知，“used to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“过去常常做某事”，与现在的交通方式形成对比。故填used。 4．句意：现在发生了巨大的变化。根据首字母“t”和“place”可知，“take place”是固定短语，意为“发生”。本句为现在完成时，“take”的过去分词是“taken”。故填taken。 5．句意：旧公园已经被改造成了一个美丽的广场。根据首字母“t”和“into”可知，“turn into”是固定短语，意为“变成；改造成”。本句为现在完成时的被动语态，“turn”的过去分词是“turned”。故填turned。 6．句意：许多人时不时地在那里散步。根据首字母“f”和“time to time”可知，“from time to time”是固定短语，意为“时不时；偶尔”。故填from。 7．句意：然而，有一个问题：污染正变得越来越严重。根据首字母“p”和“The river is not as clean as before.”可知，此处指“污染”问题，“pollution”是不可数名词，意为“污染”。故填pollution。 8．句意：我们必须采取行动使我们的家乡更干净、更美丽。根据首字母“t”和“action”可知，“take action”是固定短语，意为“采取行动”。情态动词“must”后接动词原形。故填take。 9．句意：我希望我们能一直过着幸福的生活，永远爱我们的家乡。根据首字母“a”和“the time”可知，“all the time”是固定短语，意为“一直；始终”。故填all。 10．句意：我希望我们能一直过着幸福的生活，永远爱我们的家乡。根据首字母“f”和“ever”可知，“for ever”是固定短语，意为“永远”。故填for。 Transport has changed a lot over the years. In the past, most people went to school on f 1 or by bike. They got around the city by bus, which were often c 2 . For longer trips, they travelled by coach or t 3 . Now, things are very d 4 . We have more choices. Going to school, students can take the bus, car, underground, or still walk or c 5 . Around the city, people use taxis, cars, buses, or the u 6 , which is fast and avoids traffic. To travel to other c 7 , we can take a comfortable coach, a modern high-speed train, or even a p 8 for very long distances. These changes make travel more c 9 and efficient. It’s interesting to see how transport d 10 from the past to the present. 【答案】 1．foot/oot 2．crowded/rowded 3．train/rain 4．different/ifferent 5．cycle/ycle 6．underground/nderground 7．cities/ities 8．plane/lane 9．convenient/onvenient 10．develops/evelops 【导语】本文介绍了过去和现在交通方式的变化。 1．句意：在过去，大多数人步行或骑自行车去上学。根据“or by bike”以及首字母提示可知，此处是说步行去上学，on foot“步行”，固定短语，故填foot。 2．句意：他们乘坐公共汽车在城市里四处走动，公共汽车经常很拥挤。根据“They got around the city by bus”以及首字母提示可知，此处是说公共汽车经常很拥挤，crowded“拥挤的”，形容词作表语，故填crowded。 3．句意：对于长途旅行，他们乘坐长途汽车或火车旅行。根据“For longer trips”以及首字母提示可知，此处是说乘坐长途汽车或火车旅行，train“火车”，by train“乘坐火车”，固定表达。故填train。 4．句意：现在，情况大不相同了。根据“We have more choices.”以及首字母提示可知，此处是说情况大不相同了，different“不同的”，形容词作表语，故填different。 5．句意：去上学，学生可以乘坐公共汽车、汽车、地铁，或者仍然步行或骑自行车。根据“walk or”以及首字母提示可知，此处是说步行或骑自行车，cycle“骑自行车”，动词，此处与walk并列，用动词原形，故填cycle。 6．句意：在城市里，人们使用出租车、汽车、公共汽车或地铁，地铁速度快，可以避开交通堵塞。根据“which is fast and avoids traffic”以及首字母提示可知，此处是说地铁，underground“地铁”，名词，故填underground。 7．句意：要去其他城市旅行，我们可以乘坐舒适的长途汽车、现代高速列车，甚至对于很长的距离，还可以乘坐飞机。根据“To travel to other”以及首字母提示可知，此处是说去其他城市旅行，city“城市”，可数名词，此处用复数形式表示泛指，故填cities。 8．句意：要去其他城市旅行，我们可以乘坐舒适的长途汽车、现代高速列车，甚至对于很长的距离，还可以乘坐飞机。根据“for very long distances”以及首字母提示可知，此处是说乘坐飞机，plane“飞机”，可数名词，此处用单数形式表示泛指，故填plane。 9．句意：这些变化使旅行更加方便和高效。根据“These changes make travel more”以及首字母提示可知，此处是说使旅行更加方便，convenient“方便的”，形容词作表语，故填convenient。 10．句意：看到交通从过去到现在的发展是很有趣的。根据“from the past to the present”以及首字母提示可知，此处是说交通从过去到现在的发展，develop“发展”，动词，此处用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单形式，故填develops。 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 In the p 1 few years, great changes have taken place around us.The roads u 2 to be narrow and crowded (拥挤的). The houses were old and small. There was r 3 everywhere. And the air wasn’t f 4 enough. There was a paper factory near our school. It often put the waste into the river. Water p 5 was also a big problem.Nowadays, our living c 6 have improved a lot. The roads are wide and clean. It’s really easy for people to go out. We can c 7 different types of transport to go anywhere. The g 8 has also built many tall buildings. Most of us have m 9 into big beautiful houses. Moreover, mobile phones make c 10 much easier now. The sky is blue and the cloud is white. Our hometown looks like a big garden with green trees and colourful flowers.Our country is becoming richer and stronger. We are living a happy life. 【答案】 1．past/ast 2．used/sed 3．rubbish/ubbish 4．fresh/resh 5．pollution/ollution 6．conditions/onditions 7．choose/hoose 8．government/overnment 9．moved/oved 10．communication/ommunication 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了近些年我们周边生活环境发生的巨大变化，对比了过去脏乱差的生活状况与如今便捷、优美的生活环境，体现出国家日益繁荣富强，人们生活愈发幸福。 1．句意：在过去的几年里，我们周围发生了巨大的变化。根据“great changes have taken place”及首字母p提示，此处指过去的几年，past“过去的”，in the past few years“在过去的几年里”，为固定搭配，故填past。 2．句意：道路过去又窄又拥挤。根据“to be narrow and crowded”及首字母u提示，此处指过去是，used“过去常常”，used to do sth“过去常常做某事”，为固定搭配，故填used。 3．句意：到处都是垃圾。根据“There was a paper factory near our school. It often put the waste into the river.”及首字母r提示，过去的环境很差，所以此处指垃圾，rubbish“垃圾”，为不可数名词，故填rubbish。 4．句意：空气也不够清新。根据“There was a paper factory near our school. It often put the waste into the river.”及首字母f提示，过去的环境很差，所以此处指空气不够清新，fresh“清新的”，形容词作表语，故填fresh。 5．句意：水污染也是一个大问题。根据“It often put the waste into the river.”及首字母p提示，此处指水污染，pollution“污染”，water pollution“水污染”，为固定搭配，pollution为不可数名词，故填pollution。 6．句意：如今，我们的生活条件改善了很多。根据“have improved a lot”及首字母c提示，此处指生活条件，condition“条件”，为可数名词，结合语境应用复数形式conditions，living conditions“生活条件”，故填conditions。 7．句意：我们可以选择不同的交通工具去任何地方。根据“different types of transport to go anywhere”及首字母c提示，此处指选择，choose“选择”，情态动词can后接动词原形，故填choose。 8．句意：政府也建了很多高楼。根据“has also built many tall buildings”及首字母g提示，此处指政府，government“政府”，为可数名词，结合语境用单数形式，故填government。 9．句意：我们大多数人都搬进了漂亮的大房子里。根据“into big beautiful houses”及首字母m提示，此处指搬进，move“移动，搬迁”，move into“搬进”，结合语境可知句子用现在完成时，结构为have/has+过去分词，move的过去分词为moved，故填moved。 10．句意：此外，手机现在让交流变得容易多了。根据“mobile phones make”及首字母c提示，此处指交流，communication“交流”，为不可数名词，作宾语，故填communication。 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 Hello, everyone! I’m Cynthia. I was b 1 in a small village in the east of Shandong Province in 2001. Both my parents are teachers. They are s 2 with me but kind to their students. We had a large h 3 with a cute garden. It was a two-floor building. My bedroom was on the first floor, but the bathroom was on the ground floor. We had a very big living room with a TV, some sofas and some o 4 things. There wasn’t a movie t 5 there at that moment. If we wanted to see a film, we h 6 to go to the town by bus. There were many children in my home town. Some were f 7 and nice, and some were very difficult. B 8 they were all my good friends. We often played happily together and I never felt bored with them around me. Then we m 9 to the town nearby because my parents had jobs there. We lived in a fat (公寓). It was really nice and c 10 . We stayed here for about six years. Then we moved again to this big city. I get on well with my friends here, but sometimes I really miss my friends in my home town. 【答案】 1．(b)orn 2．(s)trict 3．(h)ouse 4．(o)ther 5．(t)heatre 6．(h)ad 7．(f)riendly 8．(B)ut 9．(m)oved 10．(c)omfortable 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者家的情况以及作者随着父母工作的变动搬家的故事。 1．句意：2001年，我出生在山东省东部的一个小村庄。be born in“出生于”，为固定短语。故填(b)orn。 2．句意：他们对我很严格，但对学生很好。此处是固定短语be strict with sb“对某人严格”，故填(s)trict。 3．句意：我们有一所带可爱花园的大房子。根据“with a cute garden.”可知，花园在房子里，应用名词house，故填(h)ouse。 4．句意：我们有一个非常大的客厅，里面有电视，一些沙发和其他一些东西。根据“some o...things”可知，是指一些其他东西，应用some other things。故填(o)ther。 5．句意：那时那里还没有电影院。movie theater表示“电影院”，故填(t)heatre。 6．句意：如果我们想看电影，我们必须乘公共汽车去城里。根据“we h...to go to the town by bus”可知，这里是短语have to“必须”，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(h)ad。 7．句意：有些人很友好，有些人很难相处。根据“and nice”可知，空处应填形容词，修饰人的性格，结合首字母可知，friendly“友好的”符合语境，故填(f)riendly。 8．句意：但他们都是我的好朋友。后句和前句是转折关系，应用but连接。故填(B)ut。 9．句意：然后我们搬到了附近的小镇，因为我父母在那里工作。根据“to the town nearby because my parents had jobs there”可知，因为父母在小镇工作，所以搬到那里去了。move“搬家”，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(m)oved。 10．句意：真的很好很舒服。根据“We lived in a fat (公寓)”和“really nice”可知，这个公寓很舒适，应用形容词comfortable“舒适的”。故填(c)omfortable。 根据短文内容和首字母提示,填写所缺单词. Chinese might be heard when you take a rest in the street. Turning your head, you see a Sichuan-style r 1 . After w 2 into a store, you see that Huawei smart phones are on sale. But you’re not in China—you’re in Manchester in Britain. In fact, you might see similar things in many o 3 cities. Chinese products (产品) become famous all over the world. Western countries enjoy Chinese food for a long p 4 of time. Chinese cooks change the dishes a bit to meet local people’s t 5 . Some Chinese brands are also becoming more popular. In a European store, I found that they sell TCL televisions, Haier f 6 and Lenovo computers. They were not simply m 7 in China, but also designed in the country. In the past, most Western people thought Chinese products were c 8 but have worse quality. Things have changed g 9 , though. For example, Huawei, which is one of China’s biggest smart phone makers, is more welcome than Apple in worldwide smart phone sales. “They are beautiful and provide better service,” CNN once said a 10 Chinese smart phones. Isn’t it amazing? 【答案】 1．(r)estaurant 2．(w)alking 3．(o)ther 4．(p)eriod 5．(t)aste(s) 6．(f)ridges 7．(m)ade 8．(c)heaper 9．(g)reatly 10．(a)bout 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国制造的产品在全球许多国家热卖。 1．句意：转过头，你看到一家川菜馆。根据“Turning your head, you see a Sichuan-style ...”和首字母可知，此处指“川菜馆”，restaurant“饭店”，且a后加单数。故填(r)estaurant。 2．句意：走进一家商店，你会看到华为智能手机在打折。根据“After ... into a store, you see that Huawei smart phones are on sale.”和首字母可知，走进商店可以看到华为手机打折，walk into“走进”，且After后动名词。故填(w)alking。 3．句意：事实上，你可能会在许多其他城市看到类似的事情。根据“in Manchester”及“you might see similar things in many ... cities.”和首字母可知，在曼彻斯特可以看到这样的事情，在其他城市也可以，other“其他的”，修饰名词cities。故填(o)ther。 4．句意：西方国家喜欢中国菜很长一段时间了。根据“Western countries enjoy Chinese food for a long ... of time.”和首字母可知，此处指“很长一段时间”，period“一段时间”符合语境。故填(p)eriod。 5．句意：中国厨师为了迎合当地人的口味，对菜肴稍加改动。根据“Chinese cooks change the dishes a bit to meet local people’s ...”和首字母可知，改动菜肴是为了迎合当地人的口味，taste“口味”，可数名词，此处可以用单数，也可以用复数。故填(t)aste(s)。 6．句意：在欧洲的一家商店里，我发现他们卖TCL电视、海尔冰箱和联想电脑。根据“TCL televisions, Haier ... and Lenovo computers”和首字母可知，此处指“海尔空调”，fridge“冰箱”，此处用复数表示整体。故填(f)ridges。 7．句意：它们不仅在中国制造，而且在中国设计。根据“They were not simply ... in China”和首字母可知，这些产品是在中国制造的，be made in“在某地制造”。故填(m)ade。 8．句意：过去，大多数西方人认为中国产品更便宜，但质量更差。根据“Chinese products were ... but have worse quality.”和首字母可知，虽然更便宜，但是质量更差，cheaper“更便宜”，形容词作表语。故填(c)heaper。 9．句意：不过，情况已经发生了很大的变化。根据“Things have changed ...”和首字母可知，事情发生了很大变化，此处用副词修饰动作，greatly“很大地”。故填(g)reatly。 10．句意：CNN曾这样评价中国的智能手机：“它们很漂亮，服务也更好。”根据“said ... Chinese smart phones”和首字母可知，说的这些话是关于中国智能手机的。about“关于”符合语境。故填(a)bout。 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。 Last Sunday, my father had a yard s 1 . We cleared out a lot of things from our b 2 . My father wanted to sell the things we no longer used. To be h 3 , we want to keep the old things, especially some birthday gifts because they bring back sweet m 4 . Of all the gifts, I like the toy b 5 best. Because I have had it since I was a baby. It has two big black eyes, and it looks very strong. My grandma gave it to me on my third birthday. Now, I am a j 6 high school student, but my grandma has passed away. I really miss her. My mother’ s favorite thing is a bread m 7 . A 8 it is a little old, it still works well. When I was young, my mother usually used it to make delicious bread for us. My brother has had a train and railway set since three years ago. It is old and broken, but he still likes it. We are a little sad to p 9 with these things. In my o 10 , old things may be better than new ones. 【答案】 1．(s)ale 2．(b)asement 3．(h)onest 4．(m)emories 5．(b)ear 6．(j)unior 7．(m)aker 8．(A)lthough 9．(p)art 10．(o)pinion 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者的爸爸举行了庭院拍卖，并介绍了自己和家人最爱的旧物，它们承载着美好的回忆。 1．句意：上个星期天，我的爸爸举行了一场庭院拍卖。根据“My father wanted to sell the things we no longer used”可知是举行庭院拍卖，yard sale“庭院拍卖”，a后加名词原形。故填(s)ale。 2．句意：我们从地下室里清理出了很多东西。根据“cleared out a lot of things from our”可知从地下室里清理出了很多东西，basement“地下室”，用名词单数。故填(b)asement。 3．句意：说实话，我们想保留那些旧东西，尤其是生日礼物，因为它们能唤起甜蜜的回忆。根据“we want to keep the old things”可知说实话，我们想保留那些旧东西，to be honest“说实话”。故填(h)onest。 4．句意：说实话，我们想保留那些旧东西，尤其是生日礼物，因为它们能唤起甜蜜的回忆。根据“bring back sweet...”可知这些旧东西可以唤起甜蜜的回忆，memory“回忆”，用名词复数表示泛指。故填(m)emories。 5．句意：在所有的礼物中，我最喜欢那个玩具熊。根据“the toy...”以及首字母可知是玩具熊，bear“熊”，用名词单数。故填(b)ear。 6．句意：现在，我已经是一名初中生了，但我的奶奶已经去世了。junior high school student“初中生”。故填(j)unior。 7．句意：我妈妈最喜欢的东西是一个面包机。根据“make delicious bread for us”可知是面包机，bread maker“面包机”，a后加名词单数。故填(m)aker。 8．句意：虽然它有点旧，但它仍然很好用。前后两句是让步关系，用although引导让步状语从句。故填(A)lthough。 9．句意：要和这些东西分开，我们有点难过。根据“a little sad to...with these things”可知是和这些东西分开，part with“和……分开”，动词不定式符号to后加动词原形。故填(p)art。 10．句意：在我看来，旧的东西可能比新的更好。此处是结构in my opinion“在我看来”。故填(o)pinion。 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 I was flying to New York at night. Suddenly, a storm broke and the plane began to to toss (颠簸). When I looked a 1 the plane, I could see that nearly all the passengers (乘客) were w 2 and afraid. The future seemed terrible and m 3 passengers were wondering if they would make it through the storm. Then I suddenly saw a little girl. It seemed that the storm meant n 4 to her. She sat on her seat reading a book. Sometimes she closed her eyes, and then she would read again, with no worry or fear in her e 5 . When the other passengers were almost scared (惊恐的) to death, that child was completely c 6 and unafraid. I couldn’t b 7 my eyes. When the plane f 8 arrived in New York, I was not surprised to find that all the passengers were hurrying to come out. I stopped and s 9 to the girl whom I had watched for such a long time. I asked why she had not been afraid. The child answered, “B 10 my daddy is the pilot (飞行员) and he is taking me home. ” 【答案】 1．(a)round 2．(w)orried 3．(m)any/(m)ost 4．(n)othing 5．(e)yes 6．(c)alm 7．(b)elieve 8．(f)inally 9．(s)aid/(s)poke 10．(B)ecause 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者在一次乘坐飞机时遇到风暴，大家都很心慌，作者注意到一个小女孩十分镇定。下了飞机后，他问女孩为什么她不害怕，女孩回答说：“因为他爸爸是飞行员，他在带她回家。” 1．句意：当我环顾飞机四周，我可以看到几乎所有乘客都既担心又害怕。根据“I looked…the plane”结合首字母可知，此处应指环顾飞机四周，look around“环顾四周”。故填(a)round。 2．句意：当我环顾飞机四周，我可以看到几乎所有乘客都既担心又害怕。根据“Suddenly, a storm broke and the plane began to to toss.”与“all the passengers were…and afraid”结合首字母提示可知，此处应指飞机遇到风暴颠簸，因此所有乘客既担心又害怕，因此用worried“担心的”，形容词作表语。故填(w)orried。 3．句意：未来似乎很可怕，许多/大多数乘客都在想他们是否能度过这场风暴。根据“The future seemed terrible and…passengers were wondering if they would make it through the storm.”结合首字母提示可知，此处应指许多/大多数乘客都在想他们是否能度过这场风暴，many“许多”；most“大多数”。故填(m)any/(m)ost。 4．句意：暴风雨对她来说似乎毫无意义。根据“She sat on her seat reading a book. Sometimes she closed her eyes, and then she would read again”结合首字母提示可知，大家都在担心的时候，她在座位上安静看书，有时候闭目养神，可知她并不惧怕风暴，因此风暴对她而言无关紧要，没什么大不了的，nothing“没有什么，无关紧要的东西”。故填(n)othing。 5．句意：有时她闭上眼睛，然后再接着读书，眼中没有忧虑和恐惧。根据“Sometimes she closed her eyes, and then she would read again”结合首字母提示可知，此处应指眼中没有忧虑和恐惧，eye“眼睛”，可数名词，此处应用复数形式。故填(e)yes。 6．句意：当其他乘客都快被吓死了的时候，那个孩子却完全镇定自若，毫不害怕。根据“She sat on her seat reading a book. Sometimes she closed her eyes, and then she would read again”结合首字母提示可知，此处应指那个孩子镇定自若毫不害怕，因此用calm“镇静的”，形容词作表语。故填(c)alm。 7．句意：我简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。根据“I couldn’t…my eyes.”结合首字母提示可知，坐着看到其他乘客很害怕而那个孩子很镇定的时候应该是不敢相信自己的眼睛，believe“相信”，动词原形，couldn’t后应用动词原形。故填(b)elieve。 8．句意：当飞机终于到达纽约时，我并不惊讶地发现所有的乘客都匆匆忙忙地走了出来。根据“the plane…arrived in New York”结合首字母提示可知，此处应指飞机终于到达纽约，finally“最终地”，副词修饰动词。故填(f)inally。 9．句意：我停下来，对我观察了很久的女孩交谈。根据“I asked why she had not been afraid.”结合首字母提示可知，此处应指停下来和女孩说话，时态为一般过去时，因此用said“说”/spoke“说”。故填(s)aid/(s)poke。 10．句意：小孩回答：“因为我爸爸是飞行员，他正在带我回家。”根据“I asked why she had not been afraid.”结合首字母提示可知，此处表示原因，因为爸爸是飞行员，because“因为”。故填(B)ecause。 根据短文内容及首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整，每空一词。 The next day was also cold and grey. After the breakfast, Mr Brooke arrived with the carriage and it was time for Mrs March to l 1 . She kissed her d 2 one by one and said, “Keep busy, my dears, and never lose hope!” “Yes, Mother.” “Meg, look after your sisters. If you need help, ask Hannah or Mr Laurence. Jo, be patient and cheerful, and write to me often. Beth and Amy, help with the h 3 and be obedient.” “Yes, Mother! Don’t worry!” She got into the carriage and opened the window. “Goodbye, my dears!” She called as it drove away. The girls waved their hands cheerfully until the carriage turned the corner. Then, with s 4 faces and heavy hearts, they went back inside. “The house seems very empty now,” said Meg. “Our motto is ‘H 5 and keep busy’!”, said Jo brightly. She was trying to forget how sad she was f 6 . For a week the girls kept to their motto and worked h 7 . Then Jo got a bad cold and had to stay at home. She didn’t mind this at all b 8 she didn’t like going to Aunt March’s. She was happy to lie on the sofa all day with her books and medicine. Amy got b 9 with doing housework so she took out her pencils and drawing book again. Meg went to teach the King children every day, and sewed. She s 10 the rest of her time writing long letters to her mother and reading the letters from Mr Brooke. Only Beth continued to look after the house. She did her own jobs and her sister’s jobs, too. She never complained. 【答案】 1．(l)eave 2．(d)aughter 3．(h)ousework 4．(s)ad 5．(H)ope 6．(f)eeling 7．(h)ard 8．(b)ecause 9．(b)ored 10．(s)pent 【导语】本文节选自《小妇人》，主要讲述的是母亲临行前对孩子们的各种叮咛嘱托以及孩子们牢记母亲叮嘱认真生活的事情。 1．句意：早餐后，布鲁克先生驾着马车抵达，马奇夫人也该离开了。根据下文“‘Goodbye, my dears!’ She called as it drove away.”及首字母提示可知，此处是指马奇夫人要离开了，空前有不定式符号to，应用动词原形leave“离开”。故填(l)eave。 2．句意：她一一亲吻女儿，说道：“亲爱的，继续忙碌，永远不要失去希望！”。根据“She kissed her …one by one and said,”及首字母提示可知，此处是指一一吻别她的女儿，应用名词单数daughter表示“女儿”。故填(d)aughter。 3．句意：贝丝和艾米，帮忙做家务，要听话。根据“Beth and Amy, help with the …and be obedient.”及首字母提示可知，此处是指帮忙做家务，应用不可数名词housework表示“家务”。故填(h)ousework。 4．句意：然后，她们面带悲伤，心情沉重地回到了屋里。根据“Then, with …faces and heavy hearts, they went back inside.”及首字母提示可知，她们的母亲走了，所以她们感到悲伤，应用形容词sad“悲伤的”修饰名词faces。故填(s)ad。 5．句意：“我们的座右铭是‘怀有希望并保持忙碌’！”乔欢快地说道。根据前文“Keep busy, my dears, and never lose hope!”及首字母提示可知，乔重复着母亲说的话，保持忙碌和希望，结合and可知，此处应用动词原形hope“希望”，位于句首首字母大写。故填(H)ope。 6．句意：她试图忘记自己有多悲伤。根据“She was trying to forget how sad she was ….”及首字母提示可知，此处是指感受到悲伤，时态为过去进行时，应用动词ing形式feeling表示“感受”。故填(f)eeling。 7．句意：一周来，女孩们恪守她们的座右铭，努力工作。根据“For a week the girls kept to their motto and worked ….”及首字母提示可知，努力工作，应用副词hard“努力地”修饰动词worked。故填(h)ard。 8．句意：她对此一点也不介意，因为她不喜欢去马奇姨妈家。根据“She didn’t mind this at all …she didn’t like going to Aunt March’s.”及首字母提示可知，前半句讲述了结果，后半句讲述原因，应用连词because“因为”来连接。故填(b)ecause。 9．句意：艾米厌倦了做家务，于是她又拿出了铅笔和画本。根据“Amy got …with doing housework so she took out her pencils”及首字母提示可知，厌倦了做家务，固定短语get bored with doing sth“厌倦做某事”。故填(b)ored。 10．句意：剩下的时间她都给母亲写长信，并阅读布鲁克先生的信。根据“She …the rest of her time writing long letters to her mother”及首字母提示可知，此处为固定短语spend time doing sth“花时间做某事”，时态为一般过去时，应用动词过去式spent。故填(s)pent。 重难语篇练习 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 How do we know the time? A clock, a watch or a cell phone can help us. However, many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries, people have developed different w 1 of telling the time. About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians i 2 the sun clock. This was a tall stone structure. Its shadow（影子）showed the movement of the s 3 . They were able to determine（测定）midday. About 3, 500 years ago, the Egyptians made a sundial. It was smaller than the sun clock and could measure（测量）the time for half a day. On c 4 days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial. Water clocks were the f 5 clocks not to use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flows（流动）from one container （容器）to a 6 . When the water reaches a certain level, it moves a lever（控制杆）and this shows the hours. These Egyptians used water clocks about 3, 400 years ago. These clocks were popular in the Middle East and China but they f 7 to keep accurate（精确的）time. In the 13th century, the mechanical clock was invented. This was more accurate, b 8 it was expensive to make. Over the next few centuries it was developed. For example, springs（发条）were added around 1500. This i 9 accuracy and allowed clocks to be smaller. In 1927, the first quartz clock was developed. Clocks became cheaper to build and own. People began depending on them more and more to run businesses, markets and so on. More recently, in 1956, came the digital clock. And nowadays satellites （人造卫星）send our cell phones the time to the exact second. There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping but some things never c 10 . Many of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not missing appointment. 【答案】 1．(w)ays 2．(i)nvented 3．(s)un 4．(c)loudy 5．(f)irst 6．(a)nother 7．(f)ailed 8．(b)ut 9．(i)mproved 10．(c)hange 【导语】本文讲述计时工具的发展历史，从原始计时到机械计时再到数码计时。 1．句意：几个世纪以来，人们发明改良了不同的计时工具。根据“A clock, a watch or a cell phone”，可知表达计量时间的“方法、手段”，根据形容词“different”，可知讲述不止一种方法，用复数名词作宾语。根据首字母提示，可知用复数名词“ways”。故填(w)ays。 2．句意：大约五千五百年前，埃及人发明了太阳计时。根据前文“many years ago there were no clocks”及“people have developed”可知讲述古人发明的计时方法。句子缺谓语动词，根据时间状语“about 5500 years ago”可知句子是一般过去时。根据首字母提示，可知用动词过去式“invented”。故填(i)nvented。 3．句意：影子记录的肯定是太阳的运动。定冠词“the”后面用名词。根据“the sun clock”可知埃及人发明的是计时工具，它的影子记录的是太阳的运动。根据首字母提示，可知用名词“sun”。故填(s)un。 4．句意：在没有太阳的阴天和晚上用太阳计时或日晷来判断时间是不可能的。名词days用形容词修饰。根据前文讲述埃及人发明的太阳计时或日晷都是通过记录太阳的运动轨迹来计时的，所以在没有太阳的阴天和晚上就用不了了。根据首字母提示，可知用形容词“cloudy”作定语。故填(c)loudy。 5．句意：水计时是第一种不用太阳的计时工具。前文讲述计时工具都是基于太阳的运动，缺点是没有太阳的日子和时间里就用不了。可知此段“water clocks”是第一种不用太阳而用水来计时的。表达“首次”用序数词first。故填(f)irst。 6．句意：水从一个容器流到另一个容器。根据“from one container to”可知表达从一个到另一个。根据首字母提示，可知用不定代词“another”。故填(a)nother。 7．句意：这些水计时工具在中东和中国很受欢迎，但是它们不能保证计时准确。根据转折词but可知后面讲述缺点。根据下一段“This was more accurate”讲述机械钟更加准确。可知此处讲述水钟的缺点应该是不太准确。用短语“fail to do”表达“不能做什么”。句子是一般过去时，用动词过去式“failed”。故填(f)ailed。 8．句意：机械钟的优点是更加准确，但是造价高。根据“more accurate”及“was expensive to make”可知前后出现了语义转折。根据首字母提示，可知用连词“but”。故填(b)ut。 9．句意：这个提升了精确性，使钟更小巧。根据前文“Over the next few centuries it was developed接下来的几个世纪，它被改良了”，可知句子表达提升精确性。句子是一般过去时，根据首字母提示，可知用动词过去式“improved”。故填(i)mproved。 10．句意：在计时上已经有了很多的进步，但是一些东西肯定是从来没改变。根据 “There has been a lot of progress”及“but”可知后面应该出现语义转折，表达一些东西变了但一些东西肯定是从来没“改变”。根据“nowadays”可知最后一段的时间已转到了现在，句子是一般现在时。主语“some things”是复数概念。根据首字母提示，可知用动词“change”。故填(c)hange。 Education is an important part of people’s life. It helps people gain k 1 , develop skills, and shape their personalities. In China, education is highly valued by both the government and families. In recent years, there have been many changes in Chinese education. One of the most important changes is the emphasis on quality education. Quality education focuses on the all-round d 2 of students, including moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic, and labor education. It encourages students to develop their interests and talents, rather than just focusing on academic performance. Another change is the development of online education. With the development of technology, online education has become more and more popular. Students can take online courses at home, which is c 3 and flexible. Online education also provides students with more learning resources, such as video lectures, e-books, and online discussions. It helps students learn anytime and anywhere. In addition, vocational education has also developed rapidly. Vocational education provides students with p 4 skills and training, preparing them for future careers. Many vocational schools cooperate with e 5 to provide students with internship opportunities. This helps students gain work experience and improve their employment competitiveness. Education is not only important for individuals but also for the development of the country. A well-educated population can promote the development of s 6 and technology, economy, and culture. Therefore, the Chinese government has been increasing i 7 in education to improve the quality of education. As students, we should c 8 the opportunity to receive education. We should study hard, develop our interests and talents, and prepare ourselves for the future. We should also have a p 9 attitude towards learning and never stop pursuing knowledge. In the future, education in China will continue to develop and improve. It will provide students with better learning conditions and more opportunities. We believe that with the development of education, China will become stronger and more p 10 . 【答案】 1．knowledge/nowledge 2．development/evelopment 3．convenient/onvenient 4．practical/ractical 5．enterprises/nterprises 6．science/cience 7．investment/nvestment 8．catch/atch 9．positive/ositive 10．powerful/owerful 【导语】本文是说明文。围绕中国教育展开，介绍了近年来中国教育的三大变化（重视素质教育、在线教育发展、职业教育崛起），阐述了教育对个人和国家的重要意义，同时对学生提出学习期许，展望了中国教育的未来发展。 1．句意：它帮助人们获取知识、培养技能并塑造个性。根据首字母提示和常识，教育的核心作用之一是让人们获得知识，不可数名词knowledge“知识”符合语境。故填knowledge。 2．句意：素质教育注重学生的全面发展，包括德、智、体、美、劳教育。根据首字母提示和“moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic, and labor education”可知，此处指学生多方面的全面发展，名词development“发展”符合语境。故填development。   3．句意：学生可以在家参加在线课程，既方便又灵活。根据首字母提示和“take online courses at home”可知，在家学习的特点是方便，形容词convenient“方便的”符合语境。故填convenient。 4．句意：职业教育为学生提供实用技能和培训，为他们未来的职业做好准备。根据首字母提示和“preparing them for future careers”可知，职业教育的技能强调实用性，形容词practical“实用的”符合语境。故填practical。   5．句意：许多职业学校与企业合作，为学生提供实习机会。根据首字母提示和“provide students with internship opportunities”可知，能提供实习机会的是企业，可数名词enterprise“企业”用复数形式enterprises表示泛指。故填enterprises。 6．句意：受过良好教育的民众能够推动科技、经济和文化的发展。根据首字母提示和“technology”可知，此处指“科学与技术”，固定搭配science and technology“科技”，名词science“科学”符合语境。故填science。 7．句意：因此，中国政府一直在增加教育投入，以提高教育质量。根据首字母提示和“improve the quality of education”可知，政府需通过投入来提升教育质量，不可数名词investment“投入”符合语境。故填investment。 8．句意：作为学生，我们应该抓住接受教育的机会。根据首字母提示和“the opportunity”可知，此处指珍惜、抓住机会，动词catch“抓住”符合语境，情态动词should后接动词原形。故填catch。 9．句意：我们也应该对学习抱有积极的态度，永不停止追求知识。根据首字母提示和“never stop pursuing knowledge”可知，学习需要积极的态度，形容词positive“积极的”符合语境。故填positive。 10．句意：我们相信，随着教育的发展，中国将变得更加强大和繁荣。根据首字母提示和“China will become stronger” 可知，此处与 stronger 并列，形容国家的发展状态，形容词powerful“强大的” 符合语境，powerful既体现国力强盛，也呼应前文教育对国家发展的推动作用。故填powerful。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Past and present 短文首字母填空10篇 内容导航 单元话题 基础语篇练习 重难语篇练习 单元话题聚焦 时代变迁 基础语篇练习 稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦稳拿分数题目，确保基础分值 重难语篇练习 突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦高难度题目，争夺关键分数 基础语篇练习 My hometown has changed a lot o 1 the years. In the p 2 , people lived in small and old houses. There were not many cars or buses. People u 3 to walk or ride bikes to go out. Now great changes have t 4 place. Tall buildings stand everywhere. People can go around by bus, underground or car. The old park has been t 5 into a beautiful square. Many people take a walk there f 6 time to time. However, there is a problem: the p 7 is becoming more serious. The river is not as clean as before. We must t 8 action to make our hometown cleaner and more beautiful. I hope we can live a happy life a 9 the time and love our hometown f 10 ever. Transport has changed a lot over the years. In the past, most people went to school on f 1 or by bike. They got around the city by bus, which were often c 2 . For longer trips, they travelled by coach or t 3 . Now, things are very d 4 . We have more choices. Going to school, students can take the bus, car, underground, or still walk or c 5 . Around the city, people use taxis, cars, buses, or the u 6 , which is fast and avoids traffic. To travel to other c 7 , we can take a comfortable coach, a modern high-speed train, or even a p 8 for very long distances. These changes make travel more c 9 and efficient. It’s interesting to see how transport d 10 from the past to the present. 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 In the p 1 few years, great changes have taken place around us.The roads u 2 to be narrow and crowded (拥挤的). The houses were old and small. There was r 3 everywhere. And the air wasn’t f 4 enough. There was a paper factory near our school. It often put the waste into the river. Water p 5 was also a big problem.Nowadays, our living c 6 have improved a lot. The roads are wide and clean. It’s really easy for people to go out. We can c 7 different types of transport to go anywhere. The g 8 has also built many tall buildings. Most of us have m 9 into big beautiful houses. Moreover, mobile phones make c 10 much easier now. The sky is blue and the cloud is white. Our hometown looks like a big garden with green trees and colourful flowers.Our country is becoming richer and stronger. We are living a happy life. 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 Hello, everyone! I’m Cynthia. I was b 1 in a small village in the east of Shandong Province in 2001. Both my parents are teachers. They are s 2 with me but kind to their students. We had a large h 3 with a cute garden. It was a two-floor building. My bedroom was on the first floor, but the bathroom was on the ground floor. We had a very big living room with a TV, some sofas and some o 4 things. There wasn’t a movie t 5 there at that moment. If we wanted to see a film, we h 6 to go to the town by bus. There were many children in my home town. Some were f 7 and nice, and some were very difficult. B 8 they were all my good friends. We often played happily together and I never felt bored with them around me. Then we m 9 to the town nearby because my parents had jobs there. We lived in a fat (公寓). It was really nice and c 10 . We stayed here for about six years. Then we moved again to this big city. I get on well with my friends here, but sometimes I really miss my friends in my home town. 根据短文内容和首字母提示,填写所缺单词. Chinese might be heard when you take a rest in the street. Turning your head, you see a Sichuan-style r 1 . After w 2 into a store, you see that Huawei smart phones are on sale. But you’re not in China—you’re in Manchester in Britain. In fact, you might see similar things in many o 3 cities. Chinese products (产品) become famous all over the world. Western countries enjoy Chinese food for a long p 4 of time. Chinese cooks change the dishes a bit to meet local people’s t 5 . Some Chinese brands are also becoming more popular. In a European store, I found that they sell TCL televisions, Haier f 6 and Lenovo computers. They were not simply m 7 in China, but also designed in the country. In the past, most Western people thought Chinese products were c 8 but have worse quality. Things have changed g 9 , though. For example, Huawei, which is one of China’s biggest smart phone makers, is more welcome than Apple in worldwide smart phone sales. “They are beautiful and provide better service,” CNN once said a 10 Chinese smart phones. Isn’t it amazing? 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。 Last Sunday, my father had a yard s 1 . We cleared out a lot of things from our b 2 . My father wanted to sell the things we no longer used. To be h 3 , we want to keep the old things, especially some birthday gifts because they bring back sweet m 4 . Of all the gifts, I like the toy b 5 best. Because I have had it since I was a baby. It has two big black eyes, and it looks very strong. My grandma gave it to me on my third birthday. Now, I am a j 6 high school student, but my grandma has passed away. I really miss her. My mother’ s favorite thing is a bread m 7 . A 8 it is a little old, it still works well. When I was young, my mother usually used it to make delicious bread for us. My brother has had a train and railway set since three years ago. It is old and broken, but he still likes it. We are a little sad to p 9 with these things. In my o 10 , old things may be better than new ones. 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 I was flying to New York at night. Suddenly, a storm broke and the plane began to to toss (颠簸). When I looked a 1 the plane, I could see that nearly all the passengers (乘客) were w 2 and afraid. The future seemed terrible and m 3 passengers were wondering if they would make it through the storm. Then I suddenly saw a little girl. It seemed that the storm meant n 4 to her. She sat on her seat reading a book. Sometimes she closed her eyes, and then she would read again, with no worry or fear in her e 5 . When the other passengers were almost scared (惊恐的) to death, that child was completely c 6 and unafraid. I couldn’t b 7 my eyes. When the plane f 8 arrived in New York, I was not surprised to find that all the passengers were hurrying to come out. I stopped and s 9 to the girl whom I had watched for such a long time. I asked why she had not been afraid. The child answered, “B 10 my daddy is the pilot (飞行员) and he is taking me home. ” 根据短文内容及首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整，每空一词。 The next day was also cold and grey. After the breakfast, Mr Brooke arrived with the carriage and it was time for Mrs March to l 1 . She kissed her d 2 one by one and said, “Keep busy, my dears, and never lose hope!” “Yes, Mother.” “Meg, look after your sisters. If you need help, ask Hannah or Mr Laurence. Jo, be patient and cheerful, and write to me often. Beth and Amy, help with the h 3 and be obedient.” “Yes, Mother! Don’t worry!” She got into the carriage and opened the window. “Goodbye, my dears!” She called as it drove away. The girls waved their hands cheerfully until the carriage turned the corner. Then, with s 4 faces and heavy hearts, they went back inside. “The house seems very empty now,” said Meg. “Our motto is ‘H 5 and keep busy’!”, said Jo brightly. She was trying to forget how sad she was f 6 . For a week the girls kept to their motto and worked h 7 . Then Jo got a bad cold and had to stay at home. She didn’t mind this at all b 8 she didn’t like going to Aunt March’s. She was happy to lie on the sofa all day with her books and medicine. Amy got b 9 with doing housework so she took out her pencils and drawing book again. Meg went to teach the King children every day, and sewed. She s 10 the rest of her time writing long letters to her mother and reading the letters from Mr Brooke. Only Beth continued to look after the house. She did her own jobs and her sister’s jobs, too. She never complained. 重难语篇练习 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 How do we know the time? A clock, a watch or a cell phone can help us. However, many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries, people have developed different w 1 of telling the time. About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians i 2 the sun clock. This was a tall stone structure. Its shadow（影子）showed the movement of the s 3 . They were able to determine（测定）midday. About 3, 500 years ago, the Egyptians made a sundial. It was smaller than the sun clock and could measure（测量）the time for half a day. On c 4 days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial. Water clocks were the f 5 clocks not to use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flows（流动）from one container （容器）to a 6 . When the water reaches a certain level, it moves a lever（控制杆）and this shows the hours. These Egyptians used water clocks about 3, 400 years ago. These clocks were popular in the Middle East and China but they f 7 to keep accurate（精确的）time. In the 13th century, the mechanical clock was invented. This was more accurate, b 8 it was expensive to make. Over the next few centuries it was developed. For example, springs（发条）were added around 1500. This i 9 accuracy and allowed clocks to be smaller. In 1927, the first quartz clock was developed. Clocks became cheaper to build and own. People began depending on them more and more to run businesses, markets and so on. More recently, in 1956, came the digital clock. And nowadays satellites （人造卫星）send our cell phones the time to the exact second. There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping but some things never c 10 . Many of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not missing appointment. Education is an important part of people’s life. It helps people gain k 1 , develop skills, and shape their personalities. In China, education is highly valued by both the government and families. In recent years, there have been many changes in Chinese education. One of the most important changes is the emphasis on quality education. Quality education focuses on the all-round d 2 of students, including moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic, and labor education. It encourages students to develop their interests and talents, rather than just focusing on academic performance. Another change is the development of online education. With the development of technology, online education has become more and more popular. Students can take online courses at home, which is c 3 and flexible. Online education also provides students with more learning resources, such as video lectures, e-books, and online discussions. It helps students learn anytime and anywhere. In addition, vocational education has also developed rapidly. Vocational education provides students with p 4 skills and training, preparing them for future careers. Many vocational schools cooperate with e 5 to provide students with internship opportunities. This helps students gain work experience and improve their employment competitiveness. Education is not only important for individuals but also for the development of the country. A well-educated population can promote the development of s 6 and technology, economy, and culture. Therefore, the Chinese government has been increasing i 7 in education to improve the quality of education. As students, we should c 8 the opportunity to receive education. We should study hard, develop our interests and talents, and prepare ourselves for the future. We should also have a p 9 attitude towards learning and never stop pursuing knowledge. In the future, education in China will continue to develop and improve. It will provide students with better learning conditions and more opportunities. We believe that with the development of education, China will become stronger and more p 10 . 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $