专题05 名词（知识清单）-2026年小升初英语复习讲练测（江苏专版）

该小学英语小升初知识清单系统梳理名词核心知识，涵盖分类（专有/普通名词）、数量变化（可数/不可数及复数规则）、所有格三大模块，通过考点分块、规则表格、真题链接等方式模块化呈现，重点标注如专有名词大写规则、复数变化口诀，助力学生精准把握复习重点。 亮点在于融合记忆技巧与应用训练，如用“英雄爱吃马铃薯”口诀记忆以o结尾名词复数，“中国日本人喜欢鱼羊鹿”掌握单复数同形，结合易错提醒（不可数名词用much/a little修饰）和过关训练，培养语言能力与思维品质，便于学生快速记忆和家长辅导，为教师教学提供系统参考。

小升初英语专题总复习 专题05 名词 名词 (Noun, 简写 n.) 是表示人物、事物、地点或抽象概念等名称的词。 考点一 名词的分类 根据其词汇意义，英语名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词（Common Nouns）两大类。 （一）专有名词：是表示某一特定人或事物的名称的名词。 具体说来，它包括人名、地名、月份、星期、节日、书名、电影名以及某些抽象名词等。 人名：John, Sarah, Amy 地名：Canada, China, London 月份：May, June, July 星期：Sunday, Saturday, Monday 节日：Labour Day, New Year, Christmas 专有名词的首字母通常要大写！ （二）普通名词：是表示某些人，某类事物，某种物质或抽象概念的名称的名词。 个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：book, girl 集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family, people 物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air, water 抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work, time 考点再现 单项选择 ( )1．Tomorrow is _______. We are going to eat mooncakes. A．New Year’s Day B．Mid-Autumn Festival C．Christmas ( )2．—What day is it today? —It’s ______. A．monday B．Monday C．Mondays ( )3．Hi, are you in ________? A．One Class, Four Grade B．Grade 4, Class 1 C．Class One, Grade Four ( )4．Pandas live in _____. A．Australia B．China C．the U.K. ( )5．Who invented the train? A．The British did. B．The French did. C．The Chinese did. 过关训练 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．They’re bee ______ (box). 2．I pay twenty yuan for three ______ (toy). 3．Lily wants to be a ______ (teach) in the future. 4．My father is a bus ______ (drive). 5．—What would you like to eat? —I’d like two ______ (sandwich) and one onion. 考点二 名词的数量分类 名词按它是否能以数目来计算分为可数名词（Countable Nouns）和不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。 可数名词是表示能够计算的人或物的名称，通常有单数和复数形式。 可数名词的单数一般在名词前加冠词a/an或基数词one来表示，如a cup, an egg, one student... 一、可数名词复数规则变化 一般情况下，词尾直接+s bike-bikes, boy-boys 以sh,ch,x,z,s结尾的，词尾+es watch-watches, fox-foxes 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i，再加-es，读/iz/ family-families，strawberry-strawberries 以“元音字母+y”结尾，直接加s boy-boys 以“f或fe”结尾，去f或fe，再加-ves，读/vz/ knife-knives 但有些词只加s：roofs, proofs, chiefs 以o结尾的名词变复数，加-s(无生命)或者-es(有生命) photo(s), video(s)，hero(es) 口诀：英雄爱吃马铃薯，西红柿和芒果 二、可数名词复数不规则变化 1.单复数同形 口诀：中国日本人喜欢鱼羊鹿 Chinese, Japanese, people, fish, sheep, deer 2.男女孩子的脚踩住了老鼠、牛和鹅的牙齿 单数：man，woman，child，foot，mouse，ox，goose，tooth 复数：men, women, children, feet, mice, oxen, geese, teeth 3.复合名词复数的变化 （1）以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式。 homework, newspaper （2）以man/woman为前缀的名词变复数时，前后两个名词都变复数。 woman doctor → women doctors （3）以两个名词构成的复合名词，一般把后面的名词变成复数。 toy shop → toy shops lemon tree → lemon trees 三、不可数名词 不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西。不可数名词只有单数名词形式，前面不能用不定冠词a/an，但可以用定冠词the。 常见不可数名词归类： 1. 表示液体：water, juice, milk, coffee, coke, ink… 2. 表示自然现象：snow, rain, wind… 3. 表示食品：bread, meat, rice, jam, honey, beef, pork, chicken, fish(鱼肉), tofu, food… 4. 其他：paper、news、homework、advice…… 四、修饰词 some: 一些 some+可数名词复数 some+不可数名词 much: 许多 much+不可数名词 many: 许多 many+可数名词 a lot of: 大量的 a lot of+可数名词复数 a lot of+不可数名词 a few: 一点点 a few+可数名词复数 a little: 一点点 a little+不可数名词 few: 几乎没有 few+可数名词 little: 几乎没有 little+不可数名词 考点再现 单项选择 ( )1．—How many ______ are there on the apple tree? —About fifty. They’re green now. A．leaf B．leafs C．leaves D．leafes ( )2．—Do you like this ____? —Yes, I do. It’s nice. A．trousers B．dress C．shorts D．clothes ( )3．The road is covered (覆盖) with ______, and it is ______ heavily now. A．snows; snowing B．snow; snows C．snow; snowing D．snowing; snows ( )4．—How many ______ are there behind your house? —There are three. A．mangoes tree B．mangoes trees C．mangos trees D．mango trees 过关训练 将下列的名词变成复数形式。 1.book ______ 2.class ______ 3.box ______ 4.watch ______ 5.city ______ 6.country ______ 7.family ______ 8..mouse ______ 9.potato ______ 10.tomato ______ 11.photo ______ 12.piano ______ 13.knife ______ 14.sheep ______ 15.foot ______ 16.tooth ______ 17.man ______ 18.woman ______ 19.policeman ______ 20.child ______ 考点三 名词所有格 名词的所有格表示所有关系，意为“…的”，。名词所有格有三种形式：第一种是以“’s”结尾，多用来修饰有生命的东西；第二种是由 of构成，即在介词 of 后面加名词，多用来修饰没有生命的东西；第三种是双重所有格。 一、名词后面加上“’s”或“’” 单数名词后直接加 's father's job 以s结尾的名词或复数名词，只加' sisters' books 表示两者共同拥有时，在后一个名词后加's Jim and John's bedroom 表示两者各自拥有时，在两个名词后各加's Jim's and John's bedrooms 表示店铺、人家或者住所的名词属格后的名词可省略 my uncle's(house) 不以s结尾的复数名词，加’s Women's Day 二、of所有格 无生命的名词用of表示所有格。 例：a photo of my house 一张我家的照片 注意：有生命的东西也可以用of所有格，特别是名词较长、名词较多的定语时。 例：a cat of my father's friend 三、双重所有格 of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词，其中名词必须表示人，不能表示事物。 a pen of mine 我的一支笔（暗指我有很多笔） a friend of my mother's 我妈妈的一个朋友（暗指我妈妈有很多朋友） 考点再现 单项选择 ( )1．This blue shirt is _______, the pink socks are _______. A．father; me B．father’s; I C．father’s; mine ( )2．This is ______ room. ______ is over there. A．Lucy and Lily’s; My B．Lucy’s and Lily’s; Mine C．Lucy and Lily’s; Mine ( )3．______ bedroom is always so tidy. They clean it every day. A．Tom’s and Alan’s B．Tom’s and Alan C．Tom and Alan’s 过关训练 用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1．Ann _______ (wash) her _______ (mom) scarf every morning. 2．Look at my mother’s hair. It’s ____ (long) than ____ (your). 3．Those _______ (boy) bicycles are cool. 4．These are ____ (Bobby and Tina) rooms. One for Bobby and the other for Tina. 5．This is _______ (Tom) _______ (friend) kite. It is so nice. 一、写出下列名词的复数形式。 1. library 2. country 3. tooth 4. mouse 5. boy 6. baby 7. fox 8. photo 9. leaf 10. sheep 11. strawberry 12. woman 13. Chinese 14. life 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1.There are so many________(wolf)in the forest. 2.There are three ______(chair) in the classroom. 3.These _______(tomato) are red. 4.______(hero) are great. 5.My brother looks after two ______(baby) 6.There are some ______(deer) eating the grass. 7．These ________ (photo) are about his daily life. 8．Mike’s plant has eight ______ (leaf). 9．How many ________ (time) can you jump in a minute? 10．Those _______ (boy) bicycles are cool. 11．These are ____ (Bobby and Tina) rooms. One for Bobby and the other for Tina. 12．My aunt is a doctor. She helps many ____ (people). 13．Lucy wants to be a ______ (dance). 14．There are two ______ (piano) in the music room. 15．The smoke from these ________ (factory) makes the air dirty. 三、单项选择。 ( ) 1．There’s a lot of __________ here in spring. Look! It’s _________. A．rains; rains B．rains; raining C．rain; rains D．rain; raining ( ) 2．—What do you have for breakfast? —I have _____ and _____. A．bread; egg B．breads; eggs C．bread; eggs D．breads; egg ( ) 3．She goes swimming ______ a month. A．two time B．twice time C．three time D．three times ( ) 4．—How many ______ are there behind your house? —There are three. A．mangoes tree B．mangoes trees C．mangos trees D．mango trees ( ) 5．—______ it often cloudy in winter here? —Yes, there are often some ______ in the sky. A．Does; clouds B．Was; cloudy C．Is; cloud D．Is; clouds ( ) 6．An American cowboy likes wearing ______ and a Scottish man likes wearing __________? A．jean; a kilt B．a kilt; jeans C．jeans; a kilt D．kilts; jean ( ) 7．This is ________ room. They are twin sisters and they always clean it. A．Lucy and Lily B．Lucy’s and Lily C．Lucy and Lily’s D．Lucy’s and Lily’s ( ) 8．This is ____________ hat. It’s ____________. A．Amy; her B．Amy’s; her C．Amy’s; hers D．Amy; hers ( ) 9．—________ pants are those? —They are ________. A．Who; my parents’ B．Whose; my parents’ C．Who; my parent’s D．Whose; my parents ( ) 10．—Can your uncle ______ fish soup? —Yes. He’s ______ fish soup now. He’s a good ______. A．cook; cooking; cook B．cook; cooks; cook C．cooks; cooking; cook D．cook; cooking; cooker ( ) 11．Wu Binbin is my _____. He is _____. A．friend; friend B．friendly; friend C．friend; friendly D．friendly; friendly ( ) 12．Nowadays people care about ________ and they want to live a ________ life. A．health; healthy B．healthy; health C．health; health D．healthy; healthy ( ) 13．I'm from ____________. But I can speak ____________ well. A．China, English B．the UK, English C．English, Chinese D．Chinese, Canada ( ) 14．—I want to send a card to my mother. When is Mother’s day? —It’s on the _______ Sunday in ________. A．first; May B．second; May C．first; June D．second; June ( ) 15．There __________ a lot of __________ in the park. A．is; flowers B．are; flowers C．are; flower D．is; flower 四、按要求完成下列各题。 1．There is a glass of water on the table. (改为复数句) There ________ ________ ________ of water on the table. 2．There is a child playing on the playground. (单数变复数) There _________ some _________ playing on the playground. 3．There were some ugly bugs in this museum. (改为单数句) ______________________________________________ 4．We have a lot of fun at weekends. (改为同义句) We have ________ ________ at weekends. 5．It's my toy car.（改为复数句子） ________ ________my toy ________. 答案与解析 考点一： 考点再现：BBCBA 过关训练：boxes；toys；teacher；driver；sandwiches。 考点二： 考点再现：CBCD 过关训练： 1. books 2. classes 3. boxes 4. watches 5. cities 6. countries 7. families 8. mice 9. potatoes 10. tomatoes 11. photos 12. pianos 13. knives 14. sheep 15. feet 16. teeth 17. men 18. women 19. policemen 20. children 考点三： 考点再现：CCC 过关训练：washes、mom’s；longer、yours；boys’；Bobby’s and Tina’s；Tom’s friend’s。 一、写出下列名词的复数形式 1. libraries 2. countries 3. teeth 4. mice 5. boys 6. babies 7. foxes 8. photos 9. leaves 10. sheep 11. strawberries 12. women 13. Chinese 14. lives 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. wolves 2. chairs 3. tomatoes 4. Heroes 5. babies 6. deer 7. photos 8. leaves 9. times 10. boys’ 11. Bobby’s and Tina’s 12. people 13. dancer 14. pianos 15. factories 三、单项选择 1. 答案：D 解析：a lot of后接不可数名词rain（雨水）；由Look!可知用现在进行时raining。 2. 答案：C 解析：bread是不可数名词，无复数；egg是可数名词，无冠词时用复数eggs。 3. 答案：D 解析：“几次”用“数词+times”，once（一次）、twice（两次）、three times（三次）是固定表达。 4. 答案：D 解析：复合名词变复数，中心词tree变复数，mango作定语用单数，即mango trees。 5. 答案：D 解析：第一空it是主语，cloudy是形容词，用be动词Is；第二空some后接可数名词复数clouds。 6. 答案：C 解析：jeans（牛仔裤）常用复数；a kilt（一条苏格兰方格呢裙），Scottish man是单数，用a kilt。 7. 答案：C 解析：由room是单数可知是两人共有，只在最后一个名词后加’s，即Lucy and Lily’s。 8. 答案：C 解析：第一空表示“Amy的帽子”，用名词所有格Amy’s；第二空后无名词，用名词性物主代词hers（=her hat）。 9. 答案：B 解析：第一空问“谁的裤子”，用Whose（谁的）；Who指“谁”，排除A/C；第二空“父母的”，parents的所有格加’，即my parents’。 10. 答案：A 解析：第一空情态动词can后接动词原形cook（做汤）；第二空now用现在进行时cooking；第三空a good cook（一名好厨师），cooker是“炊具”。 11. 答案：C 解析：第一空my后接名词friend（朋友）；第二空be动词后接形容词friendly（友好的）。 12. 答案：A 解析：第一空care about后接名词health（健康）；第二空修饰名词life，用形容词healthy（健康的）。 13. 答案：A 解析：be from后接国家，speak后接语言；B选项“来自英国，说英语”符合逻辑，但A“来自中国，说英语”也符合题意，结合小升初考法，A为最优解（考查国家和语言的搭配）。 14. 答案：B 解析：母亲节是五月的第二个星期日，second（第二），May（五月）。 15. 答案：B 解析：there be遵循“就近原则”，a lot of flowers是复数，故be动词用are，flower用复数flowers。 四、按要求完成下列各题 1. 答案：are; some; glasses 解析：is变are，a变some，glass表示“玻璃杯”时复数是glasses。 2. 答案：are; children 解析：is变are，child的复数是不规则变化children。 3. 答案：There was an ugly bug in this museum. 解析：were变was，some变an，ugly以元音音素开头用an，bugs变bug。 4. 答案：lots; of 解析：a lot of = lots of，都表示“许多”，后接可数名词复数/不可数名词。 5. 答案：They; are; cars 解析：It’s变They are，car的复数是cars。 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $