专题06 名词、冠词考点归纳-2026届中考英语总复习（人教版）

专题06名词、冠词考点归纳 名词考情分析 考点 考向 名词辨析 词义辨析 名词的数 ①可数名词复数（规则变化/不规则变化）②不可数名词 名词所有格 ①-'s所有格②of所有格③双重所有格 名词的用法及构词法 ①作主语、作宾语、作表语②动词→名词；形容词→名词；名词→名词 考点1名词的数 名词按其是否可以计数分为可数名词和不可数名词。 一、可数名词 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。单数可数名词前一般有限定词，如冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格等；单数可数名词变为复数形式会有一定的规则。 1.单数可数名词变复数的规则变化 规则 示例 一般在词尾加-s mistake—mistakes,customer—customers,place—places 以s,x,sh,ch结尾，在词尾加-es class—classes,box—boxes,wish—wishes,watch—watches 特例：stomach—stomachs 以y结尾 “元音字母+y”，在词尾加-s boy—boys,toy—toys,way—ways “辅音字母+y”，把y变为i，再加-es city—cities,family—families,activity—activities 以f或fe结尾，一般把f或fe变为v，再加-es leaf—leaves,wolf—wolves,knife—knives 以o结尾 有生命的，在词尾加-es potato—potatoes,tomato—tomatoes,hero—heroes 特例：kangaroo—kangaroos 无生命的，在词尾加-s radio—radios,piano—pianos,zoo—zoos,photo—photos 2.可数名词复数的特殊形式 形式 示例 单数变复数时元音字母变化 foot—feet,tooth—teeth,man—men,woman—women,Englishman—Englishmen,Frenchman—Frenchmen 单复数同形 fish（鱼）,sheep,deer,Chinese,Japanese 只用复数形式 glasses（眼镜），scissors，clothes（衣服），trousers,pants 本身可以表示复数意义 people（人们）,police（警察）,cattle（牛） 其他特殊形式 mouse—mice,child—children 二、不可数名词 物质名词（无法区分个体的物质和材料）和抽象名词（抽象概念）一般为不可数名词。 1.初中阶段常见的不可数名词 类别 示例 物质名词 饮食类：milk,water,tea,coffee,soup,juice,meat,beef,pork,rice,bread,salt,cheese,butter 材料及物品类：glass,plastic,money,silver,gold,furniture（家具）,equipment（设备）,litter（垃圾） 自然类：air,light,rain,snow,fire,wind,ice,electricity 抽象名词 学科类：Chinese,math,English,music,history,science 信息类：news（新闻;消息）,advice（建议）,information（信息）,knowledge（知识）,truth（真相） 感受类：surprise（惊讶）,fun（快乐）,happiness（幸福）,peace（安静;和平）,courage（勇气） 行为类：work（工作）,exercise（锻炼）,attention（注意）,control（控制）,help（帮助）,trust（信任） 日常类：time（时间）,homework,housework（家务）,traffic（交通）,progress（进展）,success（成功） 2.不可数名词“量”的表达 不可数名词一般不能用数来计算,既没有单复数变化,也不能和a/an连用。如果要表达数量的多少,常用“表示数量的词+单位词+of+不可数名词”。此结构中，数量决定单位词的单复数形式。如：a glass of water（一杯水）、a piece of news（一则新闻）、three pieces of advice（三条建议）。 三、兼作可数名词与不可数名词的词 一些词既是可数名词又是不可数名词，作可数名词与不可数名词时，表达的意思不同。如下表： 不可数 可数 不可数 可数 agreement同意 （an）agreement协议 practice实践 （a）practice惯常做的事 experience经验 （an）experience经历 room空间；余地 （a）room房间 glass玻璃 （a）glass玻璃杯 success成功 （a）success成功的人（或事物） paper纸 papers试卷;报纸;论文 space空间；太空 （a）space空隙；空子 pity同情 （a）pity遗憾（的事物） time时间 times次数 orange橙汁 （an）orange橙子 work工作 （a）work著作；作品 light光 （a）light电灯 exercise锻炼 （an）exercise训练活动；练习 四、名词的量的修饰语 类别 示例 修饰可数名词 单数 a/an/one,this,that,every/each,first/second等序数词 复数 few,a few,several,these,those,both,many,a couple of,a number of,two/three等大于1的基数词 修饰不可数名词 little,a little,much,a bit of,a large amount of 既能修饰可数名词复数，又能修饰不可数名词 some,any,a lot of/lots of,plenty of,most,all,the rest of（其余的） 注意“one/either/both/neither+of”修饰可数名词复数。如：one of the problems、either of the books。 随堂训练 1．First,heat the pots and tea cups with warm water.Then,put some tea______（leaf）into the teapot.Next,pour hot water from a specific height. [答案]leaves 2．For________（century）,Western medicine paid little attention to traditional Chinese medicine. [答案]centuries 3．People had rebuilt the bridge many____（time）.But it was still washed away over and over again. [答案]times 4．Do you know Stonehenge?It's one of Britain's most famous historical______（place）. [答案]places 5．The product can meet the needs of parents and________（child）. [答案]children 考点2名词所有格 名词所有格主要表示名词与名词之间的关系，即被修饰的名词与修饰它的名词之间的所属关系。 类别 构成方法 例子 单数名词 加-’s Mary’s sister my dad’s car the actress's name 复数 名 词 以-s结尾 加’ the teachers’office the girls’interests your grandparents'room 不以-s结尾 加-’s Children’s Day Women’s Day 二、用法 1．用在表示人或动物的名词后，表示所属关系，意为“...··的”。 This is Tom’s car.这是汤姆的车。 2． 用and连接的两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时, 在后一个名词后面加-’s。如： Lily and Lucy’s mother is a nurse.莉莉和露西的妈妈是一名护士。 表示分别所有关系，则在两个名词后面分别加-’s。如： Lily’s and John’s mothers are nurses.莉莉的妈妈和约翰的妈妈都是护士。 3．复合不定代词someone，everybody等和else连用时，-’s应加在else后。如： somebody else’s pencil别人的铅笔 4．表示时间、距离、国家、城市等的名词，也可以在词尾加-’s或’来构成所有格。如： today’s newspaper今天的报纸 five minutes’ride／walk／drive骑车／走路／开车5分钟的路程 China’s capital中国的首都 three days’leave三天的假期 5.无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如：a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿)。 “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友),a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)。 随堂训练 1．We offered to look after our________（neighbor）dog when she was away. [答案]neighbor's 2．I spent one______（night）time making a video Mei Lanfang and His Hometown to take part in the“Tell China's Stories”contest. [答案]night's 3．Later,with other________（people）help,he cheered up and made a living by making shoes. [答案]people's 4．________________（Tony and Peter）father is a pilot.He has been to many countries. [答案]Tony and Peter's 考点3名词的用法及构词法 一、名词的用法 功能 位置 示例 作主语 用于动词之前，即“n.+make/have/is/are/...” Scientists developed a way to read minds. 作宾语 用于动词或介词后，即“make/have/for/of/about/with/...+n.” Never meet strangers we know online. Dave's dog always greets him with excitement. 作表语 用于系动词后，即“be/become/keep/...+n.” Cassie wants to be a designer when she grows up. 二、名词构词法变形归类 1．动词→名词 后缀 例词 -er/-or report—________,act—____,visit—______,invent—________, compete—________ -ion protect—________,suggest—________,pollute—________, communicate—____________,prepare—__________,imagine—________,invite—________,pronounce—____________,decide—________ -ment agree—________,improve—__________,develop—__________, achieve—__________,manage—________,argue—________ -ance/-ence perform—__________,appear—________,depend—________ -ing feel—______,train—________,begin—________ 其他 die—____,fly—______,choose—______,weigh—______, discover—________,succeed—______,advise—______,please—_______,fail—______,serve—______ [答案]（-er/-or）reporter；actor；visitor；inventor；competitor （-ion）protection；suggestion；pollution；communication；preparation；imagination；invitation；pronunciation；decision（-ment）agreement；improvement；development；achievement；management；argument （-ance/-ence）performance；appearance；dependence（-ing）feeling；training；beginning（其他）death；flight；choice；weight；discovery；success；advice；pleasure；failure；service 2．形容词→名词 后缀 例词 -y/-ty/-ity difficult—________,honest—______,safe—______,electric—_______,creative—________,able—______,responsible—______________ -ness shy—______,sad—______,kind—________ -ance/-ence different—________,important—________,silent—______, patient—________ -th true—____ -er teenage—________,strange—________ 其他 high—______,wise—______,free—______ [答案]（-y/-ty/-ity）difficulty；honesty；safety；electricity；creativity；ability；responsibility（-ness）shyness；sadness；kindness （-ance/-ence）difference；importance；silence；patience （-th）truth（-er）teenager；stranger（其他）height；wisdom；freedom 3．名词→名词 后缀 例词 -an/-ian America—________,India—______,music—________ -ist art—______,tour—______,piano—______,science—________ -ship friend—________ -hood child—________,neighbor—____________ -er office—______,village—________ [答案]（-an/-ian）American；Indian；musician（-ist）artist；tourist；pianist；scientist（-ship）friendship（-hood）childhood；neighborhood （-er）officer；villager 易错提示空处填名词时，在转换成恰当的名词后，还需要注意是否需要用复数形式或名词所有格。 随堂训练 1．After a two-week training,I became more skilled and got closer to them day by day.I also received much________（please）when playing with them. [答案]pleasure 2．—What did you do in class this morning,Sally? —We had a________（discuss）about Chinese culture. [答案]discussion 3．When Dave goes back home from school,his dog always greets him at the door with________（excite）. [答案]excitement 4．The________（connect）between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. [答案]connection 5．There aren't any__________（different）between the teen mode and the normal mode in some apps. [答案]differences 6．The________（invent）of toothbrushes was not as famous as that of paper-cutting,but it was very useful in our daily life. [答案]invention 7．Cassie loves chocolate so much.That explains why it's hard for her to lose_____（weigh）. [答案]weight 综合训练 A.阅读下面短文，填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Li Na is 13 years old and comes from China.A few 1 （week）ago,she moved to Los Angeles and started going to a new school. On her first day,the teacher called her“Lena”by mistake.Li Na was too shy to correct her teacher so she kept in 2 （silent）.Soon all the students in her class began to call her“Lena”.Li Na was sad because her real name was of great 3 （important）to her—it was a symbol of where she came from and who she was.Li Na missed her old school,her friends,and hearing her real name. One day,the teacher asked students to make name 4 （card）for their lunch boxes.Li Na carefully wrote her name in both English and 5 （China）.While she was sticking the card to her lunch box,her classmate Frank noticed the Chinese writing.He asked what its 6 （mean）was. “It's my name in Chinese,”Li Na explained with a smile.It was the first time that her new classmate had noticed her real name.Frank tried to get the 7 （pronounce）right and apologised,“I will say it right next time.” From the experience,Li Na has learned that sharing her language and her culture helps win 8 （other）respect,and it gives her a sense of belonging. [答案]1．weeks2．silence3．importance4．cards5．Chinese6．meaning7．pronunciation8．others' [解析] 1．考查名词复数。a few表示“几个”，后接可数名词复数。故填weeks。 2．考查名词构词法及固定搭配。固定搭配in silence表示“沉默地”，故填silence。 3．考查名词构词法及固定搭配。固定搭配be of great importance表示“非常重要”，故填importance。 8．考查名词复数和所有格。根据语境可知，此处表示“其他人的尊重”，应用复数others指代“其他人”，其所有格形式是在词尾加',故填others'。 B.阅读下面短文，填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 It's natural for people to eat when they're hungry.But people eat for other 1 （reason）,too.Do you ever eat when you are under stress?Many people do.When people eat to reduce stress,they want specific 2 （kind）of food.They want food that helps them relax.They want comfort food. What is comfort food?For most people,it's food that is easier to prepare than other food.Eating it gives people a warm feeling.Sometimes it's a type of food people loved when they were young.Maybe it's the food their mothers used to make. 3 （research）at the University of Illinois did a survey on comfort food.They wanted to know two things:What comfort food did people want,and when did they want it?The results of the survey were rather surprising.The researchers expected 4 （people）favorite comfort food to be warm and soft.But it wasn't.Potato chips turned out to be their first 5 （choose）.Another favorite was ice cream,especially among people aged 18 to 34.Luckily,not all comfort foods are snack foods.Nearly half of them were healthy,home-made foods,such as chicken soup and meat pies. [答案]1．reasons2．kinds3．Researchers4．people's5．choice [解析] 3．考查名词构词法和名词复数。根据空后的did a survey可推断，空处应填关于人的名词，researcher“研究者”。由下文中的They可知，设空处应为名词复数。注意句首单词首字母大写，故填Researchers。 C.将方框中所给词的适当形式填入短文中，每词仅用一次。 place world man kind story Around the World in Eighty Days is a famous book by Jules Verne.It tells the 1 of Phileas Fogg.He said that he could travel around the 2 in 80 days.But no one believed him. The 3 trip started and ended in London.He visited many 4 .However,it wasn't easy.Fogg used all 5 of possible ways to travel.After many adventures,he finally came back to London,but found he was five minutes late. Luckily,he travelled east and crossed the International Date Line.This gave him one more day.That meant he had finished the journey on time.He won! [答案]1．story2．world3．man's4．places5．kinds [解析] 3．考查名词所有格。分析语境可知，此处表示“Phileas Fogg的旅行”，结合备选词，可用man来代替Phileas Fogg。空处修饰后面的名词trip，应用名词所有格形式，故填man's。 5．考查名词复数及固定搭配。固定搭配all kinds of表示“各种各样的”，故填kinds。 冠词考情分析 考点 考向 不定冠词 ①用法②固定搭配③a和an的区别 定冠词 ①用法②固定搭配 零冠词 特定的名词之前不加冠词 冠词分为定冠词（the）和不定冠词（a/an），有时名词前不加冠词，称作零冠词。冠词不能单独使用，必须放在名词前面，如a boy；若名词之前有形容词修饰，冠词一般位于形容词之前，如an honest boy。 考点1不定冠词 一、基本用法 用法 示例 用于首次提到的可数名词单数前，表示泛指 Journey to the West is a traditional Chinese book. 泛指某一类人、事或物，以区别于其他种类 It's an action movie. 表示数量“一”，相当于one My grandmother has a/one dog and two cats. 在序数词前，表示“又一；再一” If I fail this time,I will try a second time. 用于表明价格、频率、速度等，表示“每一”，相当于every once a week（一周一次） 10 kilometers an hour（每小时10千米） 拓展使用a/an的固定搭配 ①动词短语：have a good time玩得开心have/take a walk散步make a promise许诺have a look/try/break看一下/试一下/休息一下have a cold/fever/stomachache感冒/发烧/胃疼take a bus乘公交车make a living谋生make a difference有影响；起作用 ②介词短语：in a hurry匆忙at a distance在远处in a way某种程度上for a while一会儿 ③表示数量：a number of许多a lot of很多a few几个a little/bit一点quite a few相当多的；不少的a couple of两个；几个a piece of一张/片/块/…… ④表示时间：for a long time长期once in a while偶尔half an hour半小时 ⑤结构：such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数（+主语+谓语）！ 二、a和an的区别 a用于发音以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于发音以元音音素开头的单词前。应注意不定冠词a或an的选择取决于其后单词音标的首个音素而不是单词的首字母。 拓展常见易误用不定冠词的单词或短语 a European country a university an umbrella an unfinished letter an honest man an hour a one-year-old baby an 8-year-old girl an 11-floor building 随堂训练 1.The movie has beautiful animation and____interesting story. [答案]an 2.His wife said,“Let's have____competition.” [答案]a 3.These days,I decide to have____great time on the road again. [答案]a 4.For volunteers,this was____unforgettable experience. [答案]an 5.It was not only entertaining but also____great example of how technology is progressing. [答案]a 6.The famous museum has a large collection of ancient coins and____amazing exhibition of traditional Chinese paintings from the Ming Dynasty. [答案]an 7.Because of this,wuqinxi is considered to be____important part of traditional Chinese medicine. [答案]an 考点2定冠词 用法 示例 特指上文提到的或双方都知道的人或物（需要结合上文） I bought an English dictionary this morning.The dictionary is very good.（上文提到） Pass me the salt.（双方知道） 用于形容词最高级或序数词前 注意：形容词最高级前面或序数词前面有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格时,不加冠词 Alan is the tallest boy in his class. After the game,the first thing they want to do is to take a hot bath. The dress is my nicest one. 用于表示世上独一无二的事物的名词前 the world the moon the sun the universe 在动词play（演奏）后与表示乐器的名词连用 I like playing the piano/violin. 用于表示方向、方位的名词前 Shandong lies in the north of China. 用在姓氏复数前，表示一家人或夫妇二人 The Greens live next to us. 与某些形容词连用，表示“一类人” The disabled（残疾人） the old（老年人） 用于整十年份的复数之前，表示年代 I began to learn English in the 1980s. 用在一些由普通名词构成的专有名词前 the Great Wall（长城） the Summer Palace（颐和园） the World Bank（世界银行） 用在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾等地理名词前 the Alps（阿尔卑斯山脉） the（River）Thames（泰晤士河） 用于“动词+sb.+in/on+the+身体部位”结构（此处不能用形容词性物主代词代替the） A falling branch hit Tom on the head during the storm. The boy accidentally hit his friend in the face while playing basketball. 口诀助记：特指、重提和唯一，专有名词和乐器，方位、序数、最高级，请你记住定冠词。 拓展使用the的固定搭配 ①表示时间：in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/傍晚 in the past在过去at the beginning of在……的开始in the end最终；最后 at the same time同时at the moment此时此刻at the age of...在……岁时 ②表示位置：on the left/right在左/右边 in the north/south/east/west在北/南/东/西边 in the middle of...在……中间in the distance在远处around the world世界各地 in the way挡道 ③用于衔接或过渡：by the way顺便说一下on the other hand另一方面 ④动词短语：go to the doctor看医生make the best use of充分利用 ⑤结构：the+比较级，the+比较级越……，越…… 1.He is one of____Shenzhou-14 astronauts. [答案]the 2.All the stadiums used____latest green technologies. [答案]the 3.People write riddles on paper and put them on lanterns.Others try to guess____answers. [答案]the 考点3零冠词 用法 示例 学科、一日三餐（前有形容词修饰时，要加不定冠词a/an.如:a big dinner一顿丰盛的晚餐）、与play连用的球类运动、棋牌类游戏前不加冠词 —Do you like physics? —No,but I like playing basketball and chess. I usually have lunch with my classmates at school. 星期、月份、除中国传统节日外的节假日等名词（短语）前不加冠词 June 1st is Children's Day. Are you busy next Monday? 一些国名、人名、街道名、广场、车站等专有名词前不加冠词 Tian'anmen Square（天安门广场）Wall Street（华尔街） Nanjing Road（南京路） 名词前已有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格等修饰时，不加冠词 This child likes watching cartoons. 拓展零冠词的固定搭配 at home在家 at noon在正午 at night在晚上 on foot步行 have fun玩得开心 on time准时f or example例如 in class在上课 go to bed/school/work上床睡觉/上学/上班 pay attention to注意 take part in参加 by car/train/ship乘汽车/火车/船 learn...by heart把……背诵下来take care of照顾 lose weight减肥 keep in touch with与……保持联系 on duty值日；值班 make sense有意义 day and night日日夜夜 face to face面对面 step by step一步步地side by side并排地 综合训练 一．用冠词填空 1.In Seattle,in the northwest,it is not very cold but it rains a lot,so bring____umbrella. [答案]an 2.One boy told us that they couldn't find their mother and____other boy told us their mother's phone number. [答案]the 3.When he was 17,he received high praise from Mozart,____great Austrian composer（作曲家）. [答案]the 4.When the festival started,the playground was turned into____crowded market.Each class had its booth（摊位）with colorful balloons and posters to draw in customers. [答案]a 5.My father is____dentist,and he is busy on weekdays. [答案]a 6.The sports meet is not just about winning or losing.It has been____unforgettable experience for me. [答案]an 7.—Can I have____new pair of sports shoes? —Of course.And we also need a new computer. [答案]a 8.For Ella,PE class was____most difficult part.She didn't mind the tiredness but the looks her classmates gave her. [答案]the 9.—What's the book about? —It's about a man who lived on____island for twenty-eight years. [答案]an 10.According to____ancient story,Chang'e was a fairy who took special medicine that gave her the ability to fly to the moon. [答案]an 二、短文填空综合练 阅读下面短文，用适当的冠词填空。 Many scientists believe that many animals have feelings similar to humans.Whales are very smart and can show sadness.In 2018, 1 whale mother was seen carrying her dead baby through water for several weeks.She sometimes lifted her baby by her head to keep her baby's body safe from danger.When 2 old elephant dies,its family often stays with 3 body for 4 long time.This behavior suggests that elephants can feel sadness.Although elephants are large and powerful,they also show sympathy（同情）toward other animals,such as monkeys. [答案]1．a2．an3．the4．a 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06名词、冠词考点归纳 名词考情分析 考点 考向 名词辨析 词义辨析 名词的数 ①可数名词复数（规则变化/不规则变化）②不可数名词 名词所有格 ①-'s所有格②of所有格③双重所有格 名词的用法及构词法 ①作主语、作宾语、作表语②动词→名词；形容词→名词；名词→名词 考点1名词的数 名词按其是否可以计数分为可数名词和不可数名词。 一、可数名词 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。单数可数名词前一般有限定词，如冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格等；单数可数名词变为复数形式会有一定的规则。 1.单数可数名词变复数的规则变化 规则 示例 一般在词尾加-s mistake—mistakes,customer—customers,place—places 以s,x,sh,ch结尾，在词尾 class—classes,box—boxes,wish—wishes,watch—watches 特例：stomach—stomachs 以y结尾 “元音字母+y”，在词尾 boy—boys,toy—toys,way—ways “辅音字母+y”， city—cities,family—families,activity—activities 以f或fe结尾， leaf—leaves,wolf—wolves,knife—knives 以o结尾 有生命的，在词尾加 potato—potatoes,tomato—tomatoes,hero—heroes 特例：kangaroo—kangaroos 无生命的，在词尾加 radio—radios,piano—pianos,zoo—zoos,photo—photos 2.可数名词复数的特殊形式 形式 示例 单数变复数时元音字母变化 foot— ,tooth— ,man— ,woman— ,Englishman— ,Frenchman— 单复数同形 fish（鱼）,sheep,deer,Chinese,Japanese 只用复数形式 glasses（眼镜），scissors，clothes（衣服），trousers,pants 本身可以表示复数意义 people（人们）,police（警察）,cattle（牛） 其他特殊形式 mouse— ,child— 二、不可数名词 物质名词（无法区分个体的物质和材料）和抽象名词（抽象概念）一般为不可数名词。 1.初中阶段常见的不可数名词 类别 示例 物质名词 饮食类：milk,water,tea,coffee,soup,juice,meat,beef,pork,rice,bread,salt,cheese,butter 材料及物品类：glass,plastic,money,silver,gold,furniture（家具）,equipment（设备）,litter（垃圾） 自然类：air,light,rain,snow,fire,wind,ice,electricity 抽象名词 学科类：Chinese,math,English,music,history,science 信息类：news（新闻;消息）,advice（建议）,information（信息）,knowledge（知识）,truth（真相） 感受类：surprise（惊讶）,fun（快乐）,happiness（幸福）,peace（安静;和平）,courage（勇气） 行为类：work（工作）,exercise（锻炼）,attention（注意）,control（控制）,help（帮助）,trust（信任） 日常类：time（时间）,homework,housework（家务）,traffic（交通）,progress（进展）,success（成功） 2.不可数名词“量”的表达 不可数名词一般不能用数来计算,既没有单复数变化,也不能和a/an连用。如果要表达数量的多少,常用“表示数量的词+单位词+of+不可数名词”。此结构中，数量决定单位词的单复数形式。如：a glass of water（一杯水）、a piece of news（一则新闻）、three pieces of advice（三条建议）。 三、兼作可数名词与不可数名词的词 一些词既是可数名词又是不可数名词，作可数名词与不可数名词时，表达的意思不同。如下表： 不可数 可数 不可数 可数 agreement同意 （an）agreement协议 practice实践 （a）practice惯常做的事 experience经验 （an）experience经历 room空间；余地 （a）room房间 glass玻璃 （a）glass玻璃杯 success成功 （a）success成功的人（或事物） paper纸 papers试卷;报纸;论文 space空间；太空 （a）space空隙；空子 pity同情 （a）pity遗憾（的事物） time时间 times次数 orange橙汁 （an）orange橙子 work工作 （a）work著作；作品 light光 （a）light电灯 exercise锻炼 （an）exercise训练活动；练习 四、名词的量的修饰语 类别 示例 修饰可数名词 单数 a/an/one,this,that,every/each,first/second等序数词 复数 few,a few,several,these,those,both,many,a couple of,a number of,two/three等大于1的基数词 修饰不可数名词 little,a little,much,a bit of,a large amount of 既能修饰可数名词复数，又能修饰不可数名词 some,any,a lot of/lots of,plenty of,most,all,the rest of（其余的） 注意“one/either/both/neither+of”修饰可数名词复数。如：one of the problems、either of the books。 随堂训练 1．First,heat the pots and tea cups with warm water.Then,put some tea______（leaf）into the teapot.Next,pour hot water from a specific height. 2．For________（century）,Western medicine paid little attention to traditional Chinese medicine. 3．People had rebuilt the bridge many____（time）.But it was still washed away over and over again. 4．Do you know Stonehenge?It's one of Britain's most famous historical______（place）. 5．The product can meet the needs of parents and________（child）. 考点2名词所有格 名词所有格主要表示名词与名词之间的关系，即被修饰的名词与修饰它的名词之间的所属关系。 类别 构成方法 例子 单数名词 加-’s Mary’s sister my dad’s car the actress's name 复数 名 词 以-s结尾 加’ the teachers’office the girls’interests your grandparents'room 不以-s结尾 加-’s Children’s Day Women’s Day 二、用法 1．用在表示人或动物的名词后，表示所属关系，意为“...··的”。 This is Tom’s car.这是汤姆的车。 2． 用and连接的两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时, 在后一个名词后面加-’s。如： Lily and Lucy’s mother is a nurse.莉莉和露西的妈妈是一名护士。 表示分别所有关系，则在两个名词后面分别加-’s。如： Lily’s and John’s mothers are nurses.莉莉的妈妈和约翰的妈妈都是护士。 3．复合不定代词someone，everybody等和else连用时，-’s应加在else后。如： somebody else’s pencil别人的铅笔 4．表示时间、距离、国家、城市等的名词，也可以在词尾加-’s或’来构成所有格。如： today’s newspaper今天的报纸 five minutes’ride／walk／drive骑车／走路／开车5分钟的路程 China’s capital中国的首都 three days’leave三天的假期 5.无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如：a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿)。 “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友),a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)。 随堂训练 1．We offered to look after our________（neighbor）dog when she was away. 2．I spent one______（night）time making a video Mei Lanfang and His Hometown to take part in the“Tell China's Stories”contest. 3．Later,with other________（people）help,he cheered up and made a living by making shoes. 4．________________（Tony and Peter）father is a pilot.He has been to many countries. 考点3名词的用法及构词法 一、名词的用法 功能 位置 示例 作主语 用于动词之前，即“n.+make/have/is/are/...” Scientists developed a way to read minds. 作宾语 用于动词或介词后，即“make/have/for/of/about/with/...+n.” Never meet strangers we know online. Dave's dog always greets him with excitement. 作表语 用于系动词后，即“be/become/keep/...+n.” Cassie wants to be a designer when she grows up. 二、名词构词法变形归类 1．动词→名词 后缀 例词 -er/-or report—________,act—____,visit—______,invent—________, compete—________ -ion protect—________,suggest—________,pollute—________, communicate—____________,prepare—__________,imagine—________,invite—________,pronounce—____________,decide—________ -ment agree—________,improve—__________,develop—__________, achieve—__________,manage—________,argue—________ -ance/-ence perform—__________,appear—________,depend—________ -ing feel—______,train—________,begin—________ 其他 die—____,fly—______,choose—______,weigh—______, discover—________,succeed—______,advise—______,please—_______,fail—______,serve—______ 2．形容词→名词 后缀 例词 -y/-ty/-ity difficult—________,honest—______,safe—______,electric—_______,creative—________,able—______,responsible—______________ -ness shy—______,sad—______,kind—________ -ance/-ence different—________,important—________,silent—______, patient—________ -th true—____ -er teenage—________,strange—________ 其他 high—______,wise—______,free—______ 3．名词→名词 后缀 例词 -an/-ian America—________,India—______,music—________ -ist art—______,tour—______,piano—______,science—________ -ship friend—________ -hood child—________,neighbor—____________ -er office—______,village—________ 易错提示空处填名词时，在转换成恰当的名词后，还需要注意是否需要用复数形式或名词所有格。 随堂训练 1．After a two-week training,I became more skilled and got closer to them day by day.I also received much________（please）when playing with them. 2．—What did you do in class this morning,Sally? —We had a________（discuss）about Chinese culture. 3．When Dave goes back home from school,his dog always greets him at the door with________（excite）. 4．The________（connect）between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. 5．There aren't any__________（different）between the teen mode and the normal mode in some apps. 6．The________（invent）of toothbrushes was not as famous as that of paper-cutting,but it was very useful in our daily life. 7．Cassie loves chocolate so much.That explains why it's hard for her to lose_____（weigh）. 综合训练 A.阅读下面短文，填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Li Na is 13 years old and comes from China.A few 1 （week）ago,she moved to Los Angeles and started going to a new school. On her first day,the teacher called her“Lena”by mistake.Li Na was too shy to correct her teacher so she kept in 2 （silent）.Soon all the students in her class began to call her“Lena”.Li Na was sad because her real name was of great 3 （important）to her—it was a symbol of where she came from and who she was.Li Na missed her old school,her friends,and hearing her real name. One day,the teacher asked students to make name 4 （card）for their lunch boxes.Li Na carefully wrote her name in both English and 5 （China）.While she was sticking the card to her lunch box,her classmate Frank noticed the Chinese writing.He asked what its 6 （mean）was. “It's my name in Chinese,”Li Na explained with a smile.It was the first time that her new classmate had noticed her real name.Frank tried to get the 7 （pronounce）right and apologised,“I will say it right next time.” From the experience,Li Na has learned that sharing her language and her culture helps win 8 （other）respect,and it gives her a sense of belonging. B.阅读下面短文，填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 It's natural for people to eat when they're hungry.But people eat for other 1 （reason）,too.Do you ever eat when you are under stress?Many people do.When people eat to reduce stress,they want specific 2 （kind）of food.They want food that helps them relax.They want comfort food. What is comfort food?For most people,it's food that is easier to prepare than other food.Eating it gives people a warm feeling.Sometimes it's a type of food people loved when they were young.Maybe it's the food their mothers used to make. 3 （research）at the University of Illinois did a survey on comfort food.They wanted to know two things:What comfort food did people want,and when did they want it?The results of the survey were rather surprising.The researchers expected 4 （people）favorite comfort food to be warm and soft.But it wasn't.Potato chips turned out to be their first 5 （choose）.Another favorite was ice cream,especially among people aged 18 to 34.Luckily,not all comfort foods are snack foods.Nearly half of them were healthy,home-made foods,such as chicken soup and meat pies. C.将方框中所给词的适当形式填入短文中，每词仅用一次。 place world man kind story Around the World in Eighty Days is a famous book by Jules Verne.It tells the 1 of Phileas Fogg.He said that he could travel around the 2 in 80 days.But no one believed him. The 3 trip started and ended in London.He visited many 4 .However,it wasn't easy.Fogg used all 5 of possible ways to travel.After many adventures,he finally came back to London,but found he was five minutes late. Luckily,he travelled east and crossed the International Date Line.This gave him one more day.That meant he had finished the journey on time.He won! 冠词考情分析 考点 考向 不定冠词 ①用法②固定搭配③a和an的区别 定冠词 ①用法②固定搭配 零冠词 特定的名词之前不加冠词 冠词分为定冠词（the）和不定冠词（a/an），有时名词前不加冠词，称作零冠词。冠词不能单独使用，必须放在名词前面，如a boy；若名词之前有形容词修饰，冠词一般位于形容词之前，如an honest boy。 考点1不定冠词 一、基本用法 用法 示例 用于首次提到的可数名词单数前，表示泛指 Journey to the West is a traditional Chinese book. 泛指某一类人、事或物，以区别于其他种类 It's an action movie. 表示数量“一”，相当于one My grandmother has a/one dog and two cats. 在序数词前，表示“又一；再一” If I fail this time,I will try a second time. 用于表明价格、频率、速度等，表示“每一”，相当于every once a week（一周一次） 10 kilometers an hour（每小时10千米） 拓展使用a/an的固定搭配 ①动词短语：have a good time玩得开心have/take a walk散步make a promise许诺have a look/try/break看一下/试一下/休息一下have a cold/fever/stomachache感冒/发烧/胃疼take a bus乘公交车make a living谋生make a difference有影响；起作用 ②介词短语：in a hurry匆忙at a distance在远处in a way某种程度上for a while一会儿 ③表示数量：a number of许多a lot of很多a few几个a little/bit一点quite a few相当多的；不少的a couple of两个；几个a piece of一张/片/块/…… ④表示时间：for a long time长期once in a while偶尔half an hour半小时 ⑤结构：such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数（+主语+谓语）！ 二、a和an的区别 a用于发音以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于发音以元音音素开头的单词前。应注意不定冠词a或an的选择取决于其后单词音标的首个音素而不是单词的首字母。 拓展常见易误用不定冠词的单词或短语 a European country a university an umbrella an unfinished letter an honest man an hour a one-year-old baby an 8-year-old girl an 11-floor building 随堂训练 1.The movie has beautiful animation and____interesting story. 2.His wife said,“Let's have____competition.” 3.These days,I decide to have____great time on the road again. 4.For volunteers,this was____unforgettable experience. 5.It was not only entertaining but also____great example of how technology is progressing. 6.The famous museum has a large collection of ancient coins and____amazing exhibition of traditional Chinese paintings from the Ming Dynasty. 7.Because of this,wuqinxi is considered to be____important part of traditional Chinese medicine. 考点2定冠词 用法 示例 特指上文提到的或双方都知道的人或物（需要结合上文） I bought an English dictionary this morning.The dictionary is very good.（上文提到） Pass me the salt.（双方知道） 用于形容词最高级或序数词前 注意：形容词最高级前面或序数词前面有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格时,不加冠词 Alan is the tallest boy in his class. After the game,the first thing they want to do is to take a hot bath. The dress is my nicest one. 用于表示世上独一无二的事物的名词前 the world the moon the sun the universe 在动词play（演奏）后与表示乐器的名词连用 I like playing the piano/violin. 用于表示方向、方位的名词前 Shandong lies in the north of China. 用在姓氏复数前，表示一家人或夫妇二人 The Greens live next to us. 与某些形容词连用，表示“一类人” The disabled（残疾人） the old（老年人） 用于整十年份的复数之前，表示年代 I began to learn English in the 1980s. 用在一些由普通名词构成的专有名词前 the Great Wall（长城） the Summer Palace（颐和园） the World Bank（世界银行） 用在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾等地理名词前 the Alps（阿尔卑斯山脉） the（River）Thames（泰晤士河） 用于“动词+sb.+in/on+the+身体部位”结构（此处不能用形容词性物主代词代替the） A falling branch hit Tom on the head during the storm. The boy accidentally hit his friend in the face while playing basketball. 口诀助记：特指、重提和唯一，专有名词和乐器，方位、序数、最高级，请你记住定冠词。 拓展使用the的固定搭配 ①表示时间：in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/傍晚 in the past在过去at the beginning of在……的开始in the end最终；最后 at the same time同时at the moment此时此刻at the age of...在……岁时 ②表示位置：on the left/right在左/右边 in the north/south/east/west在北/南/东/西边 in the middle of...在……中间in the distance在远处around the world世界各地 in the way挡道 ③用于衔接或过渡：by the way顺便说一下on the other hand另一方面 ④动词短语：go to the doctor看医生make the best use of充分利用 ⑤结构：the+比较级，the+比较级越……，越…… 1.He is one of____Shenzhou-14 astronauts. 2.All the stadiums used____latest green technologies. 3.People write riddles on paper and put them on lanterns.Others try to guess____answers. 考点3零冠词 用法 示例 学科、一日三餐（前有形容词修饰时，要加不定冠词a/an.如:a big dinner一顿丰盛的晚餐）、与play连用的球类运动、棋牌类游戏前不加冠词 —Do you like physics? —No,but I like playing basketball and chess. I usually have lunch with my classmates at school. 星期、月份、除中国传统节日外的节假日等名词（短语）前不加冠词 June 1st is Children's Day. Are you busy next Monday? 一些国名、人名、街道名、广场、车站等专有名词前不加冠词 Tian'anmen Square（天安门广场）Wall Street（华尔街） Nanjing Road（南京路） 名词前已有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格等修饰时，不加冠词 This child likes watching cartoons. 拓展零冠词的固定搭配 at home在家 at noon在正午 at night在晚上 on foot步行 have fun玩得开心 on time准时f or example例如 in class在上课 go to bed/school/work上床睡觉/上学/上班 pay attention to注意 take part in参加 by car/train/ship乘汽车/火车/船 learn...by heart把……背诵下来take care of照顾 lose weight减肥 keep in touch with与……保持联系 on duty值日；值班 make sense有意义 day and night日日夜夜 face to face面对面 step by step一步步地side by side并排地 综合训练 一．用冠词填空 1.In Seattle,in the northwest,it is not very cold but it rains a lot,so bring____umbrella. 2.One boy told us that they couldn't find their mother and____other boy told us their mother's phone number. 3.When he was 17,he received high praise from Mozart,____great Austrian composer（作曲家）. 4.When the festival started,the playground was turned into____crowded market.Each class had its booth（摊位）with colorful balloons and posters to draw in customers. 5.My father is____dentist,and he is busy on weekdays. 6.The sports meet is not just about winning or losing.It has been____unforgettable experience for me. 7.—Can I have____new pair of sports shoes? —Of course.And we also need a new computer. 8.For Ella,PE class was____most difficult part.She didn't mind the tiredness but the looks her classmates gave her. 9.—What's the book about? —It's about a man who lived on____island for twenty-eight years. 10.According to____ancient story,Chang'e was a fairy who took special medicine that gave her the ability to fly to the moon. 二、短文填空综合练 阅读下面短文，用适当的冠词填空。 Many scientists believe that many animals have feelings similar to humans.Whales are very smart and can show sadness.In 2018, 1 whale mother was seen carrying her dead baby through water for several weeks.She sometimes lifted her baby by her head to keep her baby's body safe from danger.When 2 old elephant dies,its family often stays with 3 body for 4 long time.This behavior suggests that elephants can feel sadness.Although elephants are large and powerful,they also show sympathy（同情）toward other animals,such as monkeys. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $