Unit 7 被动语态（语法讲解+分层精练）2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册

译林版八年级下册 Unit 7 被动语态 语法讲解+分层精练 导语 本单元核心语法为一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态,是八年级英语被动语态的基础核心内容,也是中考高频考点。 以下先完成语法体系梳理、易错点深度分析,再结合易错点设计基础层、提升层、拓展层三层训练题,题型涵盖单选、填空、句型转换、改错、语篇填空,总题量 80 题,贴合单元语境与中考考向。 语法讲解 (一)被动语态的核心定义 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,强调 “被做”,与主动语态(主语是动作发出者)相对;本单元仅聚焦一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态的被动语态,是被动语态的入门基础。 核心结构:主语 + be 动词(对应时态)+ 动词过去分词 (done)标志词:by + 动作发出者(仅明确动作主体时使用,可省略)。 (二)一般现在时的被动语态 结构:主语 + am/is/are + 动词过去分词 I am;he/she/it/ 单数名词 is;you/we/they/ 复数名词 are 用法:描述客观事实、经常性、习惯性的被动动作。 例句:Charity activities are planned every year in our school.(我校每年都策划慈善活动) 否定 / 疑问形式: 否定:am/is/are + not + 过去分词(e.g. Leaflets are not handed out on rainy days.) 一般疑问:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词?(e.g. Is the money used to help the poor?) (三)一般过去时的被动语态 结构:主语 + was/were + 动词过去分词 单数主语(he/she/it/ 单数名词) was;复数主语 were 用法:描述过去某一时间发生的被动动作。 例句:A charity show was held at our school hall last week.(上周我校礼堂举办了一场慈善演出) 否定 / 疑问形式: 否定:was/were + not + 过去分词(e.g. The books were not sent to the village school.) 一般疑问:Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词?(e.g. Were warm clothes collected for disaster areas?) (四)被动语态的使用场景(本单元重点强调) 动作执行者显而易见,无需说明; 动作执行者未知,无法说明; 强调动作的承受者(而非发出者),本单元慈善语境中高频使用(如 “慈善活动被策划”“捐款被使用”)。 (五)主动语态变被动语态(基础规则) 本单元要求掌握简单句的主动变被动,核心 4 步: 找:把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语; 变:根据主动句时态,套用对应被动结构(am/is/are/was/were + done); 加:主动句的主语变为by + 宾语(可省略); 保:时态不变、过去分词形式不变,be 动词随新主语单复数变化。 例句:We collect old books every year. Old books are collected (by us) every year. 高频易错点深度分析(本单元丢分重灾区) 结合单元语境和学生实际答题情况,以下 8 个易错点为核心,也是后续训练题的设计依据: 易错点 1:漏加 be 动词,仅用过去分词作谓语 错误本质:忘记被动语态的核心是 “be + done”,把过去分词单独当谓语。 易错点 2:be 动词的时态 / 单复数与主语不匹配 错误本质:忽略 be 动词需随时态和主语单复数双重变化。 易错点 3:混淆及物 / 不及物动词,给不及物动词用被动 错误本质:只有及物动词(后可直接接宾语)有被动语态,不及物动词无。注意:不及物动词 + 介词构成的固定及物短语,可接被动语态(如 look after be looked after);纯不及物动词(happen/take place/appear 等)无被动。 易错点 4:过度使用 by + 动作发出者,造成句式冗余 错误本质:误以为被动语态必须加by,实则by仅在明确动作发出者时使用。 易错点 5:过去分词拼写错误(本单元高频词) 错误本质:不规则动词的过去分词记忆不牢,本单元慈善语境高频动词为重点。 易错点 6:主动变被动时,保留主动句的主语作新主语 错误本质:混淆主动 / 被动的主语逻辑,被动句主语必须是主动句的宾语。 易错点 7:否定 / 疑问句中,be 动词位置错误 错误本质:忘记被动语态的否定 / 疑问仅变be 动词,过去分词保持不变。 易错点 8:语境混淆一般现在 / 过去时,导致 be 动词时态错误 错误本质:忽略时间状语,误判动作的时间属性。本单元高频时间状语: 一般现在时:every year/usually/often/always; 一般过去时:last week/yesterday/in 1982/last month错误例句:A charity show is held at our school last week.(is was)正确例句:A charity show was held at our school last week. 分层精练(共80题) 基础层(30 题):聚焦语法结构 + 基础易错点,题型:单选 15 题 + 填空 15 题 (一)单项选择(15 题,每题考查 1 个基础易错点) 1. Many charity activities _ in our school every year. A. plan B. are planned C. planned D. were planned 2. A new library _ for the village school last year. A. built B. was built C. is built D. builds 3. The letter _ by a World Vision volunteer yesterday. A. wrote B. is written C. was written D. write 4. I _ to join the Orbis volunteer team last month. A. was asked B. asked C. am asked D. ask 5. Clean water _ to the poor village every month. A. is sent B. send C. was sent D. sends 6. _ the old toys _ to raise money every year? A. Do; sell B. Are; sold C. Is; sold D. Did; sell 7. A charity show _ at the school hall last Friday. A. hold B. holds C. was held D. is held 8. The medical books _ to the hospital in poor areas last week. A. were sent B. sended C. are sent D. send 9. Much money _ to help the blind people every year. A. are raised B. is raised C. raise D. raised 10. Local nurses _ by Orbis doctors every year. A. train B. are trained C. trained D. were trained 11. The classroom _ cleaned by the students every day. A. isn’t B. don’t C. doesn’t D. wasn’t 12. _ a doctor _ to the village by UNICEF last month? A. Was; sent B. Did; send C. Is; sent D. Does; send 13. The food _ to the disaster area yesterday. A. was given B. gave C. is given D. give 14. Operation Smile _ in 1982 to help children with lip problems. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. finds 15. The eye care training _ in the city every year. A. is held B. hold C. was held D. holds (二)用所给动词的适当形式填空(15 题) 1. Charity leaflets _ (hand out) in the street by volunteers every weekend. 2. A lot of money _ (raise) for Orbis last year. 3. The blind people _ (help) by Orbis doctors every year. 4. A new hospital _ (build) for the poor area in 2023. 5. The old books _ (sell) to raise money in our school every month. 6. Warm clothes _ (collect) for the disaster area last week. 7. The children with lip problems _ (cure) by Operation Smile every year. 8. The interview _ (do) with an Orbis doctor yesterday. 9. UNICEF _ (set up) in 1946 by the UN. 10. The medical treatment _ (provide) to the poor people every year. 11. The charity show _ (not hold) last month because of the bad weather. 12. _ the eye operations _ (do) on the Orbis plane every day? 13. The training sessions _ (complete) by Orbis last year. 14. The clean water _ (not send) to the village last week. 15. World Vision _ (found) to help poor children in 1950. 提升层(30 题):聚焦易错点,题型:句型转换 10 题 + 改错 10 题 + 语篇填空 10 题 (一)句型转换(主动变被动,10 题) 1. We plan charity activities every year. Charity activities _ _ (by us) every year. 2. They held a charity show at the school hall last week. A charity show _ _ at the school hall last week. 3. Orbis doctors train local nurses every year. Local nurses _ _ by Orbis doctors every year. 4. We sent new books to the poor children last month. New books _ _ to the poor children last month. 5. People raise much money for UNICEF every year. Much money _ _ for UNICEF every year. 6. The volunteers handed out leaflets in the street yesterday. Leaflets _ _ out in the street yesterday. 7. We collected warm clothes for the disaster area last week. Warm clothes _ _ for the disaster area last week. 8. Save the Children helps millions of children every year. Millions of children _ _ by Save the Children every year. 9. They sold old toys to raise money in the park yesterday. Old toys _ _ to raise money in the park yesterday. 10. The teacher asked us to join the charity team last week. We _ _ to join the charity team last week. (二)单句改错(每题 1 处错误,10 题) 1. The charity meeting was taken place in our school last week. _ 2. The letter written by an Orbis doctor yesterday. _ 3. Many trees is planted in the park every year to raise money. _ 4. Do the medical books given to the poor hospital every month? _ 5. The volunteers by whom leaflets are handed out in the street every weekend. _ 6. A new bridge build for the village by WWF last year. _ 7. The food not was sent to the disaster area yesterday. _ 8. A big charity activity happen in our city last month. _ 9. The money by the students is raised every year to help the poor. _ 10. Local doctors are train by Orbis doctors on the plane every year. _ (三)语篇填空(用所给动词的适当形式填空,10 题) Orbis is a famous charity that helps blind people. It _ (start) in 1982. Every year, many eye operations _ (do) on its Flying Hospital plane. Local doctors and nurses _ (invite) on board the plane every month. They _ (teach) new eye care skills by Orbis doctors. Last year, over 50,000 training sessions _ (complete) by Orbis. A lot of money _ (need) for Orbis’s work every year. The money _ (raise) by kind people all over the world. Many blind people _ (cure) by Orbis doctors every year. Last month, 150 patients _ (operate) on during Orbis’s visit to a poor area. Orbis hopes more people _ (support) its work in the future. 拓展层(20 题):聚焦综合易错点 + 中考考向,题型:单选 10 题 + 语篇填空 10 题 (一)单项选择(10 题,综合易错点 + 中考基础考向) 1. —When _ UNICEF _? —In 1946. A. was; set up B. is; set up C. did; set up D. does; set up 2. The old house _ into a charity center last year. A. was turned B. turned C. is turned D. turns 3. —_ the clean water _ to the village yet? —Not yet, but it _ tomorrow. A. Is; sent; will send B. Has; been sent; will be sent C. Was; sent; is sent D. Are; sent; will be sent 4. Many children _ with free medical care by Operation Smile every year. A. provide B. are provided C. provided D. were provided 5. The accident _ on the road yesterday, so the charity activity was put off. A. happened B. was happened C. happens D. is happened 6. The rules for the charity volunteers _ on the wall every month. A. are put B. put C. was put D. puts 7. —Who _ the charity poster for the school? —It _ by Tom last week. A. designed; was designed B. was designed; designed C. designs; is designed D. is designed; designs 8. The food and water _ to the poor family by the neighbors yesterday. A. was given B. were given C. gave D. give 9. The eye problems _ by modern medicine now, so Orbis helps more people. A. can treat B. can be treated C. treated D. were treated 10. —Why didn’t you go to the charity show? —It _ because of the heavy rain. A. didn’t hold B. wasn’t held C. isn’t held D. doesn’t hold (二)语篇填空(用所给动词的适当形式填空,10 题,中考式语篇,综合所有易错点) Charity Day of China _ (celebrate) on 5 September every year. It _ (start) in 2016 to promote public well-being. Every year, a special theme _ (choose) for the day. Many charity activities _ (organize) in cities all over China. For example, old things _ (sell) to raise money, and free medical care _ (provide) to the old people in the community. Last year, a big charity fair _ (hold) in our city. Over 100,000 yuan _ (raise) for the poor children in the mountain area. The money _ (send) to the mountain area last month. More and more people _ (encourage) to join charity activities every year. We believe that the world _ (make) a better place by all the kind people. 参考答案 基础层参考答案 单选 1.B 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.B 11.A 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.A 填空 1.are handed out 2.was raised 3.are helped 4.was built 5.are sold 6.were collected 7.are cured 8.was done 9.was set up 10.is provided 11.wasn’t held 12.Are; done 13.were completed 14.weren’t sent 15.was founded 提升层参考答案 句型转换 1.are planned 2.was held 3.are trained 4.were sent 5.is raised 6.were handed 7.were collected 8.are helped 9.were sold 10.were asked 改错 1. 去掉 was 2.written 前加 was 3.is are 4.Do Are 5. 去掉 by whom 6.build 前加 was 7.not was was not 8.happen happened 9. 去掉 by the students 10.train trained 语篇填空 1.was started 2.are done 3.are invited 4.are taught 5.were completed 6.is needed 7.is raised 8.are cured 9.were operated 10.will be supported 拓展层参考答案 单选 1.A 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.B 10.B 语篇填空 1.is celebrated 2.was started 3.is chosen 4.are organized 5.are sold 6.is provided 7.was held 8.was raised 9.was sent 10.will be made 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $