精品解析：甘肃天水市第一中学2025-2026学年第二学期高一开学检测英语试卷

天水一中高一级2025—2026学年度第二学期开学检测 考试英语试题 (满分：100分 时间：60分钟) 第一部分 阅读 (共两节，满分40分) 第一节 (共11小题；每小题2.5分，满分27.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A It is very challenging when it comes to trying to master the English language. However, there are some things you can do to improve your English learning. The following books are an excellent way for people trying to learn English or get better at it. Oxford Picture Dictionary This is a great book for those who like to learn things visually. You can use the pictures to learn many new words each day. There is also a bilingual version for those who want to learn using their own native language. Word Power Made Easy. This useful dictionary provides one of the best ways to learn over l,000 of the words which are most commonly used in English. The book has many interesting activities and games and gives tips on avoiding spelling errors. NTC Vocabulary Builders Students who are more advanced in the English language will greatly like the NTC Vocab-ulary Builders. If you want to build your English vocabulary, then this book is a good choice. English Vocabulary in Use This is one of the best-selling books by Cambridge University Press. The book is good for students of the English language of all levels who want to have a wider vocabulary. You can choose to learn British English or American English. Improving your English is one of the best ways to make sure that you will do great in life. It can open many doors for you. For those who are not native English speakers, these books will come in handy. With hard work, anyone can be a master of the English language. 1. What is special about Oxford Picture Dictionary? A. It is designed for language beginners. B. It offers advice on language learning. C. It provides many pictures to help learn language. D. It gives learners a lot of interesting daily tasks. 2. Which book provides ways to stay away from mistakes in spelling? A. Oxford Picture Dictionary. B. Word Power Made Easy. C. NTC Vocabulary Builder. D. English Vocabulary in Use. 3. Who is the text written for? A. Those who want to teach English. B. Those who want to do great in life. C. Those who want to take on new challenges. D. Those who want to improve their English vocabulary. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一些可以帮助人们学习或者提高英语水平的书籍。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“You can use the pictures to learn many new words each day.(你可以每天使用图片学习很多新单词)”可知，Oxford Picture Dictionary的独特之处在于其提供了许多帮助学习语言的图片。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The book has many interesting activities and games and gives tips on avoiding spelling errors.(这本书有许多有趣的活动和游戏，并提供了避免拼写错误的提示)”可知，Word Power Made Easy这本书提供了避免拼写错误的方法。故选B项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“You can use the pictures to learn many new words each day.(你可以每天使用图片学习很多新单词)”、第三段“This useful dictionary provides one of the best ways to learn over 1,000 of the words which are most commonly used in English. (这本有用的词典提供了学习英语中最常用的1000多个单词的最佳方法之一)”、第四段“If you want to build your English vocabulary, then this book is a good choice.(如果你想扩大你的英语词汇量，那么这本书是一个很好的选择)”以及第五段“The book is good for students of the English language of all levels who want to have a wider vocabulary.(这本书对希望掌握更广泛词汇的各级英语学生有好处)”可知，本文主要介绍了可以帮助提高英语词汇量的书籍，由此推测文章是写给想要提高词汇量的人看的。故选D项。 B Math is a necessary skill that people use throughout their lives. Unfortunately, many children and adults feel stressed and anxious when they have to do math. They may be experiencing what is called “math anxiety”. Because of this, many people believe that they are bad at math and don’t like math. A recent research has shown that some children as young as 6 years old may feel anxious about math. A team of researchers asked 154 children in grades 1 and 2 questions like “How do you feel when taking a big test in your math class?” The children expressed how nervous they felt by pointing to a position on a scale (刻度), where there were different faces from a very nervous face on the left to a calm face on the right. After answering these questions, the children took a math test. These researchers found that almost half of the children who participated in the study said that they were at least somewhat nervous about doing math. Also, children with higher math anxiety got worse scores on the math test. Scientists have also found that math anxiety develops in children who experience certain kinds of social situations that influence their thoughts or feelings. This means that the child’s emotions, opinions, or behaviors are affected by things that other people say or do. For example, teachers with high math anxiety were more likely to have students with poorer math achievements at the end of the school year. Good news is that researchers have found tools to help people with math anxiety. These tools are called interventions (干预). For example, researchers did an intervention where they asked children with math anxiety to write about their math-related worries. Then they found that children’s math test scores improved. Therefore, it is advised to talk to classmates and teachers about math anxiety. This is the first step toward helping to reduce the possibly harmful effects of math anxiety. 4. What does the underlined word “this” refer to in Paragraph 1? A. Math ability. B. Stressful life. C. Math anxiety. D. Painful memory. 5. How did the researchers measure kids’ anxiety? A. By making a math project. B. By recording math scores. C. By asking kids questions. D. By showing teaching problems. 6. What can be learned from Paragraph 3? A. Anxiety determines math ability. B. One’s math anxiety can affect others. C. Students are born with math anxiety. D. Children should avoid social situations. 7. What is suggested for students with math anxiety? A Talking about it. B. Working harder. C. Using math tools. D. Attending lectures. 【答案】4. C 5. C 6. B 7. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了学生和老师都可能会有的“数学焦虑”，并提出了解决办法。 【4题详解】 词义猜测题。根据首段第三四句“They may be experiencing what is called “math anxiety”. Because of this, many people believe that they are bad at math and don’t like math. (他们可能正在经历所谓的“数学焦虑”。正因为 ，许多人认为自己数学不好，不喜欢数学。)”可知，很多人正经历“数学焦虑”，这让他们认为自己数学不好。“this”指代前文提及的“math anxiety”。故选C。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“A team of researchers asked 154 children in grades 1 and 2 questions like “How do you feel when taking a big test in your math class?” (一组研究人员向154名一年级和二年级的孩子提出了这样的问题：“在数学课上进行大考时，你有什么感觉？” )”可知，研究者团队向孩子们询问问题来了解孩子们数学焦虑的情况。故选C。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“ Scientists have also found that math anxiety develops in children who experience certain kinds of social situations that influence their thoughts or feelings. This means that the child’s emotions, opinions, or behaviors are affected by things that other people say or do. For example, teachers with high math anxiety were more likely to have students with poorer math achievements at the end of the school year.(科学家们还发现，那些经历过某些影响思想或感觉的社会情境的儿童会出现数学焦虑。这意味着孩子的情绪、观点或行为会受到其他人所说或所做的事情的影响。例如，在学年结束时，有高度数学焦虑症的老师更有可能让学生的数学成绩较差。)”可知，孩子的情绪、观点或行为会受到其他人所说或所做的事情的影响，有高度数学焦虑的老师更可能让学生数学成绩差，因此推断当一个人有数学焦虑时，他有可能会影响到别人。故选B。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据末段倒数第二句“Therefore, it is advised to talk to classmates and teachers about math anxiety. This is the first step toward helping to reduce the possibly harmful effects of math anxiety.(因此，建议与同学和老师谈谈数学焦虑。这是帮助减少数学焦虑可能带来的有害影响的第一步。)”可知，谈论数学焦虑是缓解它的办法。故选A。 C Plastic has become an indispensable part of modern life, used in everything from packaging to electronics. However, its convenience comes at a heavy environmental cost. Each year, over 400 million tons of plastic are produced worldwide, and less than 10% of it is recycled. The rest ends up in landfills, oceans, or ecosystems, threatening wildlife and human health. Reducing plastic waste is thus an urgent global responsibility. The impact of plastic pollution on marine life is particularly alarming. Marine animals often mistake plastic bags for jellyfish or ingest microplastics — tiny pieces of plastic less than 5mm in size. A 2024 study found that 90% of seabirds and 50% of sea turtles have plastic in their stomachs, leading to starvation or organ damage. On land, plastic can take hundreds of years to decompose, releasing toxic chemicals into soil and water sources, which eventually enter the food chain. To tackle this issue, governments, businesses,and individuals must work together. Governments can implement policies such as banning single-use plastics (e.g., straws, plastic bags) or imposing taxes on plastic products. For example, Kenya introduced a strict ban on plastic bags in 2017, reducing plastic waste by 80% within three years. Businesses, meanwhile, can innovate by using biodegradable materials or designing products for reuse. Individuals also play a crucial role. Simple actions like using reusable shopping bags, avoiding disposable utensils, and recycling properly can make a significant difference. Education is key: raising awareness about plastic pollution helps people understand the consequences of their choices. In summary, plastic waste poses a severe threat to the environment, but solutions exist. By combining government policies, corporate innovation, and individual action, we can reduce plastic pollution and protect the planet for future generations. 8. What is the main problem discussed in the passage? A. The difficulty of recycling plastic. B. The high cost of producing plastic. C. The shortage of biodegradable materiais. D. The environmental harm caused by plastic waste. 9. Why does the author mention the 2024 study on marine animals? A. To explain how microplastics are formed. B. To show that plastic pollution affects humans too. C. To provide evidence of plastic’s harm to the wildlife. D. To argue that seabirds are more at risk than turtles. 10. Which of the following is an example of government action against plastic waste? A. Kenya’s ban on plastic bags. B. Using reusable shopping bags. C. Educating people about recycling. D. Coca-Cola’s recyclable packaging plan. 11. The underlined word “biodegradable” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to . A. difficult to recycle B. expensive to produce C. harmful to the environment D. able to break down naturally 【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是塑料废物对环境造成的危害，并提出了政府、企业和个人应采取的应对措施，以减少塑料污染，保护地球环境。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Each year, over 400 million tons of plastic are produced worldwide, and less than 10% of it is recycled. The rest ends up in landfills, oceans, or ecosystems, threatening wildlife and human health. Reducing plastic waste is thus an urgent global responsibility.(全球每年生产的塑料超过4亿吨，其中只有不到10%被回收利用。其余的最终进入垃圾填埋场、海洋或生态系统，威胁着野生动物和人类健康。因此，减少塑料垃圾是一项紧迫的全球责任。)”可知，本文主要讨论的问题是塑料废物对环境造成的危害。故选D。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Marine animals often mistake plastic bags for jellyfish or ingest microplastics — tiny pieces of plastic less than 5mm in size. A 2024 study found that 90% of seabirds and 50% of sea turtles have plastic in their stomachs, leading to starvation or organ damage.(海洋动物经常把塑料袋误认为是水母或摄入微塑料——尺寸小于5毫米的微小塑料碎片。2024年的一项研究发现，90%的海鸟和50%的海龟胃里有塑料，导致饥饿或器官损伤。)”可知，作者提到2024年对海洋动物的研究是为了提供塑料对野生动物有害的证据。故选C。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“For example, Kenya introduced a strict ban on plastic bags in 2017, reducing plastic waste by 80% within three years.(例如，肯尼亚在2017年严格禁止使用塑料袋，三年内减少了80%的塑料废物。)”可知，肯尼亚的塑料袋禁令是政府反对塑料垃圾行动的一个例子。故选A。 【11题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“or designing products for reuse(或设计可重复使用的产品)”和常识可知，要减少塑料污染，可以使用能够自然分解的材料或设计可重复使用的产品，故划线词biodegradable的意思是“能够自然分解的”，和able to break down naturally意思相近。故选D。 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 Sleep is not just a passive activity; it’s an important process that affects every aspect of a teenager’s life. ____12____ Research shows that teens who get enough sleep - typically 8-10hours nightly-perform better in study, have reduced mood swings and stress, and even lower the risk of sports injuries. Not enough sleep can lead to serious health results, especially for developing minds and bodies. During deep sleep, the brain strengthens memories and processes information learned during the day, increasing neural connections that are key to keeping new knowledge. This is why staying up all night before exams often has the opposite effects. ____13____ Many factors contribute to poor sleep in teenagers, from busy schedules to body changes. ____14____ The blue light produced by smartphones, tablets, and laptops makes it harder to fall asleep and reduces sleep quality. Experts recommend turning off screens at least one hour before bedtime and keeping devices out of the bedroom to create a clearer separation between daytime activity and sleep. Creating a sleep-friendly environment is equally important for improving sleep habits. Keeping the bedroom cool, dark, and quiet, helps set the stage for restful sleep. Developing a regular bedtime habit also tells the body that it’s time to relax. ____15____ Remember, regular exercise promotes deeper sleep, but it’s best done earlier in the day as exercising too close to bedtime can have the opposite effect. ____16____ By creating a sleep-friendly environment, avoiding factors that influence sleep and engaging in regular exercise, teenagers can significantly improve their sleep quality and lead a healthier and more productive life. A. Diet also plays a key role in sleep quality. B. Electronic products are among the biggest causes. C. It’s the foundation for both mental and physical health. D. Their body clocks naturally change during the teenage years. E. This could include reading a book or practicing light exercises. F. In conclusion, enough sleep is of greatest importance for teenagers. G. The brain loses its chance to organize and store the material properly. 【答案】12. C 13. G 14. B 15. E 16. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了睡眠对青少年身心健康至关重要，充足睡眠有益学习、情绪等，睡眠不足影响记忆，电子产品是主要影响因素，可通过优化睡眠环境等方式改善睡眠质量。 【12题详解】 前文“Sleep is not just a passive activity; it’s an important process that affects every aspect of a teenager’s life.( 睡眠不仅仅是一种被动的活动；这是一个影响青少年生活方方面面的重要过程。)”点明“睡眠是影响青少年生活各方面的重要过程”，后文“Research shows that teens who get enough sleep - typically 8-10hours nightly-perform better in study, have reduced mood swings and stress, and even lower the risk of sports injuries.( 研究表明，睡眠充足的青少年——通常每晚8-10小时——在学习上表现更好，情绪波动和压力减少，甚至运动受伤的风险也更低。)”通过研究数据说明“充足睡眠对学习、情绪、健康的积极作用”，空格需起到“总起下文，强调睡眠核心价值”的作用。C项“It’s the foundation for both mental and physical health.( 它是身心健康的基础。)”中“It”指代前文“sleep”，“foundation for both mental and physical health”（身心健康的基础）直接呼应后文“perform better in study, reduced mood swings, lower injury risk”等具体益处，衔接自然。故选C项。 【13题详解】 前文“During deep sleep, the brain strengthens memories and processes information learned during the day, increasing neural connections that are key to keeping new knowledge. This is why staying up all night before exams often has the opposite effects.( 在深度睡眠期间，大脑加强记忆和处理白天学到的信息，增加神经连接，这是保持新知识的关键。这就是为什么考试前熬夜通常会产生相反的效果。)”提到“深度睡眠时大脑强化记忆、处理信息”，并指出 “考前熬夜适得其反”，空格需解释“熬夜为何效果差”，即大脑失去整理存储知识的机会。G项“The brain loses its chance to organize and store the material properly.( 大脑失去了正确组织和储存信息的机会。)”中“The brain”承接前文“the brain strengthens memories and processes information”，“loses its chance to organize and store the material”直接回应“考前熬夜的负面影响”，逻辑通顺。故选G项。 【14题详解】 前文“Many factors contribute to poor sleep in teenagers, from busy schedules to body changes.( 很多因素导致青少年睡眠不足，从繁忙的日程安排到身体变化。)”提出“多种因素导致青少年睡眠差”，后文“The blue light produced by smartphones, tablets, and laptops makes it harder to fall asleep and reduces sleep quality.( 智能手机、平板电脑和笔记本电脑发出的蓝光会让人更难入睡，降低睡眠质量。)”具体说明“电子产品的蓝光影响入睡和睡眠质量”，空格需引出“电子产品这一关键因素”。B项“Electronic products are among the biggest causes.( 电子产品是主要原因之一。)”直接衔接后文对蓝光危害的描述，构成 “总述因素→具体解释”的逻辑。故选B项。 【15题详解】 前文“Developing a regular bedtime habit also tells the body that it’s time to relax.( 养成规律的就寝习惯也会告诉身体是时候放松了。)”提到“养成规律的睡前习惯能让身体放松”，空格需举例说明“具体的睡前习惯”。E项“This could include reading a book or practicing light exercises.( 这可以包括读一本书或做一些轻松的练习。)”中“This”指代前文“regular bedtime habit”，“reading a book or practicing light exercises”（读书或做轻度运动）是典型的健康睡前习惯，符合语境。故选E项。 【16题详解】 后文“By creating a sleep-friendly environment, avoiding factors that influence sleep and engaging in regular exercise, teenagers can significantly improve their sleep quality and lead a healthier and more productive life.( 通过创造一个有利于睡眠的环境，避免影响睡眠的因素，经常锻炼，青少年可以显著提高他们的睡眠质量，过上更健康、更有成效的生活。)”通过“创造睡眠环境、避开干扰因素、规律运动”等具体建议，总结“青少年如何改善睡眠”，空格需起到“总结全文，重申充足睡眠的重要性”的作用。F项“In conclusion, enough sleep is of greatest importance for teenagers.( 总之，充足的睡眠对青少年来说是最重要的。)”明确体现总结功能，“enough sleep is of greatest importance for teenagers”呼应文章开头“睡眠对青少年的重要性”，并引出后文改善睡眠的具体方法，首尾呼应。故选F项。 第二部分 语言运用 (共三节，满分40分) 第一节 完形填空 (共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分) I was raised in a family where my mother did not trust my sisters and me to manage our own ____17____. As a result, there were strict rules, and fashion trends were largely ____18____. If we dared to wear anything trendy, we’d face her ____19____ — like the time when she prevented my sister from wearing ripped (破洞的) jeans in her high school or called me at a party to ____20____ that my hair looked better up. A few years ago, I visited home when Mom, then in her early 70s, called me into her bedroom. We were about to go out for dinner. “I don’t know what to wear,” she ____21____. “You girls know how to look good.” I stood there, wondering if I’d ____22____ it. She added, “You know what to wear. Can you ____23____ something for me?” I was ____24____. Was this the same woman who’d once ____25____ our wardrobes (衣橱) with a firm hand? Now she not only wanted my ____26____ but needed it. I pulled blue jeans from her closet and a light blue sweater. “Wear this with your black shoes,” I said. She ____27____. Now, Mom rarely wears anything without ____28____ me first. Sometimes I’m still surprised by her admission of uncertainty, but occasionally she asks just to ____29____ my choice and pick her own. When she does, I give my ____30____ opinion. I just tell her, “It’s great” and sometimes “it’s awful”. After all, this role ____31____ — from her guiding me to my guiding her — is part of the beautiful dance of growing up and growing older together. 17. A. time B. appearance C. role D. money 18 A. ignored B. confirmed C. respected D. followed 19. A. criticism B. comfort C. admiration D. declaration 20. A. apologize B. joke C. admit D. insist 21. A. judged B. complained C. answered D. guessed 22. A. misheard B. realized C. recommended D. achieved 23. A. wear B. pick C. design D. buy 24. A. excited B. ashamed C. anxious D. astonished 25. A. locked B. emptied C. ruled D. explored 26. A. permission B. opinion C. present D. praise 27. A. doubted B. hesitated C. regretted D. agreed 28. A. checking with B. arguing with C. coming across D. adapting to 29. A. deliver B. miss C. accept D. refuse 30. A. negative B. indirect C. honest D. professional 31. A. breakdown B. mixup C. turnaround D. drawback 【答案】17. B 18. A 19. A 20. D 21. B 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者成长过程中母亲对其着装严格管控，如今母亲却向作者寻求穿搭建议，母女角色发生转变。 【17题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在一个母亲不信任我和姐姐能管理好自己外表的家庭中长大。A. time时间；B. appearance外表；C. role角色；D. money钱。根据后文“If we dared to wear anything trendy”可知，母亲不信任她们能管理好自己的外表，故选B。 【18题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，有严格规定，时尚潮流在很大程度上被忽视。A. ignored忽视；B. confirmed确认；C. respected尊重；D. followed跟随。根据上文“there were strict rules”和下文“like the time when she prevented my sister from wearing ripped (破洞的) jeans in her high school”可知，规定严格，母亲不允许二人追赶潮流，即时尚潮流被“忽视”。故选A。 【19题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我们敢穿任何时髦的东西，我们就会面临她的批评。A. criticism批评；B. comfort安慰；C. admiration钦佩；D. declaration宣布。根据上文“there were strict rules”可知，如果穿时髦的东西，会面临母亲的批评，故选A。 【20题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像她阻止我姐姐在高中穿破洞牛仔裤，或者在一次聚会上给我打电话坚持认为我的头发扎起来更好看。A. apologize道歉；B. joke开玩笑；C. admit承认；D. insist坚持。根据下文“that my hair looked better up”可知，母亲会坚持认为作者的头发扎起来更好看，故选D。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我不知道穿什么，”她抱怨道。A. judged判断；B. complained抱怨；C. answered回答；D. guessed猜测。根据上文“I don’t know what to wear”可知，母亲不知道穿什么，所以是在抱怨，故选B。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我站在那里，不知道自己是否听错了。A. misheard听错；B. realized意识到；C. recommended推荐；D. achieved实现。根据上文“I was raised in a family where my mother did not trust my sisters and me to manage our own”和“You girls know how to look good”可知，母亲曾严格管控孩子们的穿着，如今却向作者求助，这一转变让作者难以置信，怀疑“听错”了。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你能帮我挑一件吗？A. wear穿；B. pick挑选；C. design设计；D. buy买。根据上文“You know what to wear.”和下文“something for me”可知，母亲让作者帮她挑衣服，故选B。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很惊讶。A. excited激动的；B. ashamed羞愧的；C. anxious焦虑的；D. astonished惊讶的。根据后文“Was this the same woman who’d once ____ our wardrobes (衣橱) with a firm hand?”可知，作者对母亲的行为感到惊讶，故选D。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是那个曾经用铁腕控制我们衣橱的女人吗？A. locked锁；B. emptied清空；C. ruled统治，控制；D. explored探索。根据上文“there were strict rules”可知，母亲对作者和姐姐着装的严格管控，故选C。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在她不仅想要我的意见，而且需要它。A. permission允许；B. opinion意见；C. present礼物；D. praise赞美。根据上文“Can you ____ something for me?”可知，母亲让作者帮她挑衣服，可知母亲想要作者的意见，故选B。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她同意了。A. doubted怀疑；B. hesitated犹豫；C. regretted后悔；D. agreed同意。根据后文“Now, Mom rarely wears anything without ____ me first.”可知，母亲同意了作者的搭配建议，故选D。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在，妈妈很少不先和我商量就穿任何衣服。A. checking with与……商量；B. arguing with与……争论；C. coming across偶遇；D. adapting to适应。根据上文“Now, Mom rarely wears anything without”可知，母亲现在穿衣服前会和作者商量，故选A。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时，她坦言自己拿不定主意，这仍会让我感到意外，但偶尔她征求我的意见只是为了拒绝我的选择，然后按自己的想法来。A. deliver递送；B. miss错过；C. accept接受；D. refuse拒绝。根据下文“pick her own”可知，母亲有时会“拒绝”作者的建议，自己做决定。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她这样做的时候，我给出我诚实的意见。A. negative消极的；B. indirect间接的；C. honest诚实的；D. professional专业的。根据后文“I just tell her, “It’s great” and sometimes “it’s awful”.”可知，作者给出的是诚实的意见，故选C。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，这种角色转变——从她指导我到我指导她——是共同成长和变老的美丽舞蹈的一部分。A. breakdown故障；B. mixup混淆；C. turnaround转变；D. drawback缺点。根据后文“from her guiding me to my guiding her”可知，这里指的是角色的转变，故选C。 第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 读下面短文, 在空自处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Eight years ago, several Chinese businessmen traveling to the Bolaven Plateau of Laos found their surprise, that aging tea trees ____32____ (cut)down by local villagers to make way for coffee planting. They offered. ____33____ (buy)the treasures. The 36 Manor company set up factory there, taking tea leaves _____34_____(collect) from the wild tea trees to the global market. Its business there then expanded (扩大)to the growing of tea trees. The natural conditions in Laos are very ____35____ (suit) for growing tea trees, The Laos-produced tea has quickly become popular with Chinese ____36____ (customer). With the launch of the China-Laos Railway, transportation costs have dropped ____37____ (obvious)for the tea company, which has sold three to five tons of tea to China per year since 2019. Due to the Belt and Road Initiative, Laos has received a lot of investment ( 投 资 )from China, _____38_____ has created a large number of local jobs. The 36 Manor company also keeps ___39___ mind the saying that teaching one to fish is ____40____ (good)than giving him fish. They not only hired local workers, but also taught the villagers ______41______ to grow tea, as a way to get out of poverty. 【答案】32 were being cut 33. to buy 34. collectd 35. suitable 36. consumers 37. obviously 38. which 39. in 40. better 41. how 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。八年前中国商人在发现老挝人砍倒树木来种咖啡树时，36 Manor 公司在那里建立公司，收集茶叶。在“一带一路”的影响下，老挝人有了更多的工作岗位，更多的人开始通过茶叶种植来赚钱。 【32题详解】 考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意：八年前，几名中国商人前往老挝的博拉文高原时，惊讶地发现当地村民为了种植咖啡，正在砍伐老化的茶树。分析句子可知，that引导的宾语从句缺谓语，根据时间状语“Fight years ago,”及语境“些商人去老挝的时候，砍树的动作正在发生”，故时态使用过去进行时； aging tea trees 和cut之间是被动关系；主谓保持一致，即were being done。故填were being cut。 【33题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们提出要买这些珍宝。分析句子可知本句有谓语offered，故填非谓语；offer to do sth. 意为“主动提出做某事”，故用不定式作宾语。故填to buy。 【34题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：36庄园公司在那里设立工厂，将采集自野生茶树的茶叶销往全球市场。 分析句子可知，本句有谓语set up，故填非谓语。leaves与collect之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填collected。 【35题详解】 考查形容词。句意：老挝的自然条件非常适合种植茶树。 分析句子可知，空处填形容词作系动词are后的表语。故填suitable。 【36题详解】 考查形容名词复数。句意：老挝生产的茶叶迅速受到中国消费者的欢迎。结合句意，表示“中国消费者”，且泛指，则用名词复数作宾语。故填consumers。 【37题详解】 考查副词。句意：随着中老铁路的开通，该茶叶公司的运输成本明显下降，自2019年以来，该公司每年向中国销售3至5吨茶叶。分析句子可知，空处用副词修饰谓语动词 have dropped 。故填obviously。 【38题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：由于“一带一路”倡议，老挝获得了来自中国大量投资，为当地创造了大量就业机会。分析句子可知，空出引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句，且从句缺主语，则用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 【39题详解】 考查介词。句意：36 Manor公司也牢记着“授人以鱼不如授人以渔”这句话。keep in mind为固定搭配，意为“记住”。故填in。 【40题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：36 Manor公司也牢记着“授人以鱼不如授人以渔”这句话。根据空后“than”及句意可知，填形容词比较级作表语。故填better。 【41题详解】 考查疑问词。句意：他们不仅雇佣当地工人，还教村民如何种植茶叶，以此作为摆脱贫困的一种方式。分析句子并结合句意可知，空处填疑问词how，构成疑问词+不定式作taught的宾语。故填taught。 第三节 单词填空 (共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分) 42. He has been forced to adjust his ________ (日程安排). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】schedule 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：他被迫调整了日程安排。“日程安排”是schedule，由his可知，此处用单数，作宾语，故填schedule。 43. There’s a ________ (数字的) watch on the table. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】digital 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：桌子上有一块数字手表。名词watch前用形容词修饰。形容词“数字的”英文为digital。故填digital。 44. Against all ________ (预期，期待), the play was greatly welcomed. (根据汉语提示拼写) 【答案】expectations 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：出乎所有人的意料，这场演出受到了热烈的欢迎。against all expectations出乎意料地。故填expectations。 45. It’s nice to have big families ________ (如今，现在). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】nowadays 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：如今拥有大家庭是很美好的事情。句中用副词形式，在句中作时间状语。副词“如今，现在”英文为nowadays。故填nowadays。 46. We should focus more on face-to-face communication to maintain ________ (健康的) relationships. (根据汉语提示拼写) 【答案】healthy 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们应该更注重面对面交流，以维持健康的人际关系。“健康的”修饰名词relationships，用形容词healthy作定语。故填healthy。 47. ________(形象) is very important in the music world. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】Image 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：形象在音乐界是非常重要的。根据汉语提示可知，形象为image，不可数名词。做主语。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Image。 48. She is rather a ________ (棘手的，难对付的) customer to do business with. (根据汉语提示拼写) 【答案】tough 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她这个人做生意起来可真够难对付的。名词customer前用形容词修饰。形容词“棘手的，难对付的”英文为tough。故填tough。 49. The hospital has recently obtained new medical ________ (装备), allowing more patients to be treated. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】equipment 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：这家医院最近获得了新的医疗装备，使得更多的病人能够得到治疗。根据汉语提示“装备”可知，用不可数名词equipment，作宾语。故填equipment。 50. It was a great ________ (便利) to have the doctor living near us. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】convenience 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：有位医生住在我们附近真是太方便了。形容词great后接名词形式，在句中作表语。名词“便利”英文为convenience。根据不定冠词a可知，用名词的单数形式。故填convenience。 51. Scientific research often involves ________ (创造力) and inventions. 【答案】creativity 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：科学研究通常涉及创造力和发明。“创造力”作宾语，用名词creativity，是不可数名词。故填creativity。 第三部分 书面表达 (满分20分) 52. 假定你是李华，上周你校英文报给学生论坛载“How Can We Build up Our Bodies?”这一话题展开了讨论，请你写一篇短文说明你对高中生如何增强身体素质的看法。内容包括： (1) 你的看法和理由。 (2) 你的建议。 1. 词数80左右； 2. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。 How Can We Build up Our Bodies? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 How Can We Build up Our Bodies? As high school students, we are under great pressure. To build up our bodies, here are my views. Firstly, regular exercise is a must. It not only releases stress but also strengthens our muscles. For example, jogging for half an hour every day can improve our endurance. Secondly, a balanced diet is equally important. It provides essential nutrients for our growth and health. My advice is to make exercise a part of our daily routine. We can take part in school sports activities like basketball or badminton during breaks. Also, be picky about what we eat, choosing more fruits, vegetables and less junk food. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇短文谈谈自己对高中生如何增强身体素质的看法。 【详解】1.词汇积累 压力：pressure → stress 提高：improve → enhance 重要的：important → crucial 参加：take part in → participate in 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：Secondly, a balanced diet is equally important. It provides essential nutrients for our growth and health. 拓展句：Secondly, a balanced diet is equally important, which provides essential nutrients for our growth and health. 【点睛】【高分句型1】It not only releases stress but also strengthens our muscles.（运用了not only…but also…连接的并列谓语） 【高分句型2】Also, be picky about what we eat, choosing more fruits, vegetables and less junk food.（运用了what引导的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 天水一中高一级2025—2026学年度第二学期开学检测 考试英语试题 (满分：100分 时间：60分钟) 第一部分 阅读 (共两节，满分40分) 第一节 (共11小题；每小题2.5分，满分27.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A It is very challenging when it comes to trying to master the English language. However, there are some things you can do to improve your English learning. The following books are an excellent way for people trying to learn English or get better at it. Oxford Picture Dictionary This is a great book for those who like to learn things visually. You can use the pictures to learn many new words each day. There is also a bilingual version for those who want to learn using their own native language. Word Power Made Easy. This useful dictionary provides one of the best ways to learn over l,000 of the words which are most commonly used in English. The book has many interesting activities and games and gives tips on avoiding spelling errors. NTC Vocabulary Builders Students who are more advanced in the English language will greatly like the NTC Vocab-ulary Builders. If you want to build your English vocabulary, then this book is a good choice. English Vocabulary in Use This is one of the best-selling books by Cambridge University Press. The book is good for students of the English language of all levels who want to have a wider vocabulary. You can choose to learn British English or American English. Improving your English is one of the best ways to make sure that you will do great in life. It can open many doors for you. For those who are not native English speakers, these books will come in handy. With hard work, anyone can be a master of the English language. 1. What is special about Oxford Picture Dictionary? A. It is designed for language beginners. B. It offers advice on language learning. C. It provides many pictures to help learn language. D. It gives learners a lot of interesting daily tasks. 2. Which book provides ways to stay away from mistakes in spelling? A. Oxford Picture Dictionary. B. Word Power Made Easy. C. NTC Vocabulary Builder. D. English Vocabulary in Use. 3. Who is the text written for? A. Those who want to teach English. B. Those who want to do great in life. C. Those who want to take on new challenges. D. Those who want to improve their English vocabulary. B Math is a necessary skill that people use throughout their lives. Unfortunately, many children and adults feel stressed and anxious when they have to do math. They may be experiencing what is called “math anxiety”. Because of this, many people believe that they are bad at math and don’t like math. A recent research has shown that some children as young as 6 years old may feel anxious about math. A team of researchers asked 154 children in grades 1 and 2 questions like “How do you feel when taking a big test in your math class?” The children expressed how nervous they felt by pointing to a position on a scale (刻度), where there were different faces from a very nervous face on the left to a calm face on the right. After answering these questions, the children took a math test. These researchers found that almost half of the children who participated in the study said that they were at least somewhat nervous about doing math. Also, children with higher math anxiety got worse scores on the math test. Scientists have also found that math anxiety develops in children who experience certain kinds of social situations that influence their thoughts or feelings. This means that the child’s emotions, opinions, or behaviors are affected by things that other people say or do. For example, teachers with high math anxiety were more likely to have students with poorer math achievements at the end of the school year. Good news is that researchers have found tools to help people with math anxiety. These tools are called interventions (干预). For example researchers did an intervention where they asked children with math anxiety to write about their math-related worries. Then they found that children’s math test scores improved. Therefore, it is advised to talk to classmates and teachers about math anxiety. This is the first step toward helping to reduce the possibly harmful effects of math anxiety. 4. What does the underlined word “this” refer to in Paragraph 1? A Math ability. B. Stressful life. C. Math anxiety. D. Painful memory. 5. How did the researchers measure kids’ anxiety? A. By making a math project. B. By recording math scores. C. By asking kids questions. D. By showing teaching problems. 6. What can be learned from Paragraph 3? A. Anxiety determines math ability. B. One’s math anxiety can affect others. C. Students are born with math anxiety. D. Children should avoid social situations. 7. What is suggested for students with math anxiety? A. Talking about it. B. Working harder. C. Using math tools. D. Attending lectures. C Plastic has become an indispensable part of modern life, used in everything from packaging to electronics. However, its convenience comes at a heavy environmental cost. Each year, over 400 million tons of plastic are produced worldwide, and less than 10% of it is recycled. The rest ends up in landfills, oceans, or ecosystems, threatening wildlife and human health. Reducing plastic waste is thus an urgent global responsibility. The impact of plastic pollution on marine life is particularly alarming. Marine animals often mistake plastic bags for jellyfish or ingest microplastics — tiny pieces of plastic less than 5mm in size. A 2024 study found that 90% of seabirds and 50% of sea turtles have plastic in their stomachs, leading to starvation or organ damage. On land, plastic can take hundreds of years to decompose, releasing toxic chemicals into soil and water sources, which eventually enter the food chain. To tackle this issue, governments, businesses,and individuals must work together. Governments can implement policies such as banning single-use plastics (e.g., straws, plastic bags) or imposing taxes on plastic products. For example, Kenya introduced a strict ban on plastic bags in 2017, reducing plastic waste by 80% within three years. Businesses, meanwhile, can innovate by using biodegradable materials or designing products for reuse. Individuals also play a crucial role. Simple actions like using reusable shopping bags, avoiding disposable utensils, and recycling properly can make a significant difference. Education is key: raising awareness about plastic pollution helps people understand the consequences of their choices. In summary, plastic waste poses a severe threat to the environment, but solutions exist. By combining government policies, corporate innovation, and individual action, we can reduce plastic pollution and protect the planet for future generations. 8. What is the main problem discussed in the passage? A. The difficulty of recycling plastic. B. The high cost of producing plastic. C. The shortage of biodegradable materiais. D. The environmental harm caused by plastic waste. 9. Why does the author mention the 2024 study on marine animals? A. To explain how microplastics are formed. B. To show that plastic pollution affects humans too. C. To provide evidence of plastic’s harm to the wildlife. D. To argue that seabirds are more at risk than turtles. 10. Which of the following is an example of government action against plastic waste? A. Kenya’s ban on plastic bags. B. Using reusable shopping bags. C. Educating people about recycling. D. Coca-Cola’s recyclable packaging plan. 11. The underlined word “biodegradable” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to . A. difficult to recycle B. expensive to produce C. harmful to the environment D. able to break down naturally 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 Sleep is not just a passive activity; it’s an important process that affects every aspect of a teenager’s life. ____12____ Research shows that teens who get enough sleep - typically 8-10hours nightly-perform better in study, have reduced mood swings and stress, and even lower the risk of sports injuries. Not enough sleep can lead to serious health results, especially for developing minds and bodies. During deep sleep, the brain strengthens memories and processes information learned during the day, increasing neural connections that are key to keeping new knowledge. This is why staying up all night before exams often has the opposite effects. ____13____ Many factors contribute to poor sleep in teenagers, from busy schedules to body changes. ____14____ The blue light produced by smartphones, tablets, and laptops makes it harder to fall asleep and reduces sleep quality. Experts recommend turning off screens at least one hour before bedtime and keeping devices out of the bedroom to create a clearer separation between daytime activity and sleep. Creating a sleep-friendly environment is equally important for improving sleep habits. Keeping the bedroom cool, dark, and quiet, helps set the stage for restful sleep. Developing a regular bedtime habit also tells the body that it’s time to relax. ____15____ Remember, regular exercise promotes deeper sleep, but it’s best done earlier in the day as exercising too close to bedtime can have the opposite effect. ____16____ By creating a sleep-friendly environment, avoiding factors that influence sleep and engaging in regular exercise, teenagers can significantly improve their sleep quality and lead a healthier and more productive life. A. Diet also plays a key role in sleep quality. B. Electronic products are among the biggest causes. C. It’s the foundation for both mental and physical health. D. Their body clocks naturally change during the teenage years. E. This could include reading a book or practicing light exercises. F. In conclusion, enough sleep is of greatest importance for teenagers. G. The brain loses its chance to organize and store the material properly. 第二部分 语言运用 (共三节，满分40分) 第一节 完形填空 (共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分) I was raised in a family where my mother did not trust my sisters and me to manage our own ____17____. As a result, there were strict rules, and fashion trends were largely ____18____. If we dared to wear anything trendy, we’d face her ____19____ — like the time when she prevented my sister from wearing ripped (破洞的) jeans in her high school or called me at a party to ____20____ that my hair looked better up. A few years ago, I visited home when Mom, then in her early 70s, called me into her bedroom. We were about to go out for dinner. “I don’t know what to wear,” she ____21____. “You girls know how to look good.” I stood there, wondering if I’d ____22____ it. She added, “You know what to wear. Can you ____23____ something for me?” I was ____24____. Was this the same woman who’d once ____25____ our wardrobes (衣橱) with a firm hand? Now she not only wanted my ____26____ but needed it. I pulled blue jeans from her closet and a light blue sweater. “Wear this with your black shoes,” I said. She ____27____. Now, Mom rarely wears anything without ____28____ me first. Sometimes I’m still surprised by her admission of uncertainty, but occasionally she asks just to ____29____ my choice and pick her own. When she does, I give my ____30____ opinion. I just tell her, “It’s great” and sometimes “it’s awful”. After all, this role ____31____ — from her guiding me to my guiding her — is part of the beautiful dance of growing up and growing older together. 17 A. time B. appearance C. role D. money 18. A. ignored B. confirmed C. respected D. followed 19. A. criticism B. comfort C. admiration D. declaration 20. A. apologize B. joke C. admit D. insist 21. A. judged B. complained C. answered D. guessed 22. A. misheard B. realized C. recommended D. achieved 23. A. wear B. pick C. design D. buy 24 A. excited B. ashamed C. anxious D. astonished 25. A. locked B. emptied C. ruled D. explored 26. A. permission B. opinion C. present D. praise 27. A. doubted B. hesitated C. regretted D. agreed 28. A. checking with B. arguing with C. coming across D. adapting to 29. A. deliver B. miss C. accept D. refuse 30. A. negative B. indirect C. honest D. professional 31. A. breakdown B. mixup C. turnaround D. drawback 第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 读下面短文, 在空自处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Eight years ago, several Chinese businessmen traveling to the Bolaven Plateau of Laos found their surprise, that aging tea trees ____32____ (cut)down by local villagers to make way for coffee planting. They offered. ____33____ (buy)the treasures. The 36 Manor company set up factory there, taking tea leaves _____34_____(collect) from the wild tea trees to the global market. Its business there then expanded (扩大)to the growing of tea trees. The natural conditions in Laos are very ____35____ (suit) for growing tea trees, The Laos-produced tea has quickly become popular with Chinese ____36____ (customer). With the launch of the China-Laos Railway, transportation costs have dropped ____37____ (obvious)for the tea company, which has sold three to five tons of tea to China per year since 2019. Due to the Belt and Road Initiative, Laos has received a lot of investment ( 投 资 )from China, _____38_____ has created a large number of local jobs. The 36 Manor company also keeps ___39___ mind the saying that teaching one to fish is ____40____ (good)than giving him fish. They not only hired local workers, but also taught the villagers ______41______ to grow tea, as a way to get out of poverty. 第三节 单词填空 (共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分) 42. He has been forced to adjust his ________ (日程安排). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 43. There’s a ________ (数字的) watch on the table. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 44. Against all ________ (预期，期待), the play was greatly welcomed. (根据汉语提示拼写) 45. It’s nice to have big families ________ (如今，现在). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 46. We should focus more on face-to-face communication to maintain ________ (健康的) relationships. (根据汉语提示拼写) 47. ________(形象) is very important in the music world. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 48. She is rather a ________ (棘手的，难对付的) customer to do business with. (根据汉语提示拼写) 49. The hospital has recently obtained new medical ________ (装备), allowing more patients to be treated. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 50. It was a great ________ (便利) to have the doctor living near us. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 51. Scientific research often involves ________ (创造力) and inventions. 第三部分 书面表达 (满分20分) 52. 假定你是李华，上周你校英文报给学生论坛载“How Can We Build up Our Bodies?”这一话题展开了讨论，请你写一篇短文说明你对高中生如何增强身体素质的看法。内容包括： (1) 你的看法和理由。 (2) 你的建议。 1 词数80左右； 2. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。 How Can We Build up Our Bodies? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $