Unit 4 History and traditions Listening and Speaking 分层同步练习 2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第二册

Listening and Speaking Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025山东青岛二中高一上检测) Ireland has had a very difficult history.The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer Ireland.For hundreds of years,the Irish people fought against the English.Finally,in 1921,the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland.The result is that today there are two “Irelands”.Northern Ireland,in the north,is part of the United Kingdom.The Republic of Ireland,in the south,is an independent country. In the 1840s the main crop,potatoes,was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger.This,and a shortage (短缺) of work,forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA,the UK,Australia and Canada.As a result of these problems,the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851. For many years,the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers.Today,many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices.Life in the city is very different from life in the countryside,where things move at a quieter and slower pace. The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly.Oscar Wilde,a famous Irish writer,once said that the Irish were “the greatest talkers since the Greeks”.Since independence,Ireland has revived its own culture of music,language and literature.Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments.Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin,whistles,etc. 1.What does the author tell us in paragraph 1? A.How Ireland gained independence. B.How two “Irelands” came into being. C.How the Irish fought against the English. D.How English rulers tried to conquer Ireland. 2.What can we learn from the text? A.Different kinds of old Irish songs are all sung with instruments in Ireland. B.People are moving to the cities for lack of work in the countryside in Ireland. C.It is harder to make a living as a farmer than as a factory worker in Ireland. D.Food shortages in the 1840s led to a decline in population in Ireland. 3.How did most Irish people make their living? A.By working in the fields. B.By working in offices. C.By working in factories. D.By performing instruments. 4.What can be the best title for the text? A.Life in Ireland B.Ireland,Past and Present C.A Very Difficult History D.The Independence of Ireland B New archaeological(考古学的) discoveries suggest that trade between Europe and Asia along the Silk Road probably began in some form many centuries earlier than once thought.The findings,coupled with a widening range of scientific and historical research could add a fascinating new page to the epic of the Silk Road. The latest and most surprising discovery is pieces of silk found in the hair of an Egyptian mummy from about 1000 BCE,long before regular traffic on the Silk Road and at least one thousand years before silk was previously thought to be used in Egypt.Other research may extend human activity along this route back even further,perhaps a million years to the migration of human ancestors into eastern Asia. The official origin of East-West commerce along the road is usually placed in the late 2nd century BCE when an agent of the Chinese Emperor Wu-di returned from a dangerous secret mission(使命) across the desert into the remote high country of Central Asia.The agent,Zhang Qian,traveled as far as Afghanistan and brought back knowledge of even more distant lands such as Persia and Syria.Historians have called this one of the most important journeys in ancient times.His journey opened the way for what has been thought to be the first indirect contacts between the ancient world’s two superpowers,China and Rome.Chinese silk,first traded to central Asian tribes for war horses and to the Parthians of old Persia in exchange for acrobats and ostrich eggs,was soon finding its way through a network of merchants to the luxury markets in Rome. But the new discoveries show that Chinese silk was apparently present in the West long before the Han emperor started organized trade over the Silk Road.The research could change thinking about the early history of world trade and provide insights into the mystery of just how and when Europe and the Mediterranean lands first became aware of the glorious culture at the other end of Eurasia. 5.Which could best be replaced by the word “coupled” in the first paragraph? A.Produced.　 B.Contributed. C.Doubled. D.Combined. 6.What did most historians believe the trade along the Silk Road until recently? A.The trade originated in the 2nd century BCE. B.The trade extended human migration into eastern Asia. C.The trade began a million years ago. D.The trade primarily benefited the Egyptians. 7.Why have historians always considered Zhang Qian’s mission important? A.Because they believe he brought back knowledge of Rome to the emperor. B.Because they believe he discovered the Silk Road. C.Because they believe he helped establish East-West trade. D.Because they believe he traveled as far as Afghanistan. Ⅱ.七选五 (2025河南名校联考高一检测) China has been the birthplace of many of the world’s greatest inventions.It was,for example,the first country to produce paper money.Before the invention of paper money and coins,people used many different kinds of things for buying and selling.　1　 This exchange of goods and services for other goods and services is called bartering.  　2　 In 1200 BCE,people in China began to use shells(贝壳) as money.Usually the shells used as money were very small.This made it easier for people to carry money over long distances,and allowed for trade to develop between different parts of the country.  In the years which followed this invention,many other countries around the world began to do the same.　3　  The next development was in 1000 BCE,when China started making bronze and copper shells.It wasn’t long before the Chinese made round coins out of metal.　4　 By 500 BCE,metal coins had begun to appear in countries like Persia and Greece,and later in the Roman Empire.  About 1,000 years later,leather was used as money in China,and in 806 CE,the first paper banknotes were produced by the Chinese people.　5　  A.People also began collecting foreign coins as souvenirs. B.During that time,for example,buying a chicken might cost several potatoes. C.It was still many years before paper currency(货币) appeared in Europe. D.However,as economies developed,such exchanges became impractical. E.They also used tiny shells as money for buying and selling. F.As time went by,trade between countries increased. G.The first coins often had holes in them so that people could string them together. Ⅲ.完形填空 Beer is the founder of United Hatzalah,a volunteer-run organization in Israel,devoted to saving lives.Many people often die from waiting for an ambulance to arrive because the ambulance got 　1　 in traffic or was simply too far away.Trying to solve this problem by using motorcycles,Beer 　2　 a team of volunteers from all 　3　 and stages of life and trained them to deal with emergencies.He then gave each a motorcycle equipped with medical 　4　.Then the volunteer went 　5　 to their daily lives.  United Hatzalah has a call center staffed 　6　 by volunteers.When someone calls to inform them of an emergency,they answer it in three seconds or less.As technology improves,a volunteer is closest to the 　7　.When a volunteer is informed,he or she 　8　 everything and rushes over.  When a volunteer arrives,he or she 　9　 CPR(心肺复苏) if necessary,and uses the medical equipment to help the ill or 　10　.The goal is 　11　:Keep the patient alive until the regular ambulance arrives.According to Beer,an ambulance’s average response time is 12 to 15 minutes,while United Hatzalah volunteers 　12　 in three.  United Hatzalah’s medical care is 　13　 for patients because it’s run mostly by volunteers,and donations cover the 　14　 of supplies and staff.It clearly shows the 　15　 of individuals willing to use their abilities to help others.  1.A.lost　　　 B.crashed C.hit D.stuck 2.A.joined B.worked C.employed D.gathered 3.A.professions B.structures C.levels D.titles 4.A.records B.demands C.orders D.supplies 5.A.alone B.back C.off D.down 6.A.entirely B.secretly C.probably D.finally 7.A.stage B.scene C.direction D.show 8.A.drops B.reserves C.finishes D.stores 9.A.carries B.suggests C.performs D.treats 10.A.terrified B.injured C.attacked D.endangered 11.A.convenient B.achievable C.simple D.unique 12.A.come up B.end up C.show up D.stay up 13.A.worthless B.chargeable C.priceless D.free 14.A.reward B.cost C.salary D.income 15.A.power B.example C.courage D.energy 知识积累卡 一、重点单词 1.discover v.　　　　　　→discoverer n.　　　　　　→discovery n.　　　　　　  2.migrate v.　　　　　　→migration n.　　　　　　  3.birthplace n.　　　　　　　　　　　  4.invent v.　　　　　→inventor n.　　　　　→invention n.　　　　　　  二、熟词生义 1.affect　本文义:v.　　　　　　　其他义:v.　　　　　　  2.revive　本文义:v.　　　　　　　其他义:v.　　　　　　  三、词块速记 1.give independence to　　　　　　　　　　  2.in exchange for　　　　　　　　　　　  3.provide insights into　　　　　　　　　　  四、经典句式背诵 This made it easier for people to carry money over long distances,and allowed for trade to develop between different parts of the country.(make it+adj.+to do) 句意: ________________________________________________________ 参考答案 Ⅰ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章从历史、人口发展、经济情况以及社会生活等方面介绍了爱尔兰共和国,让我们对这个美丽的国家有更进一步的了解。 1.B　推理判断题。第一段提到“最后,在1921年,英国政府被迫让爱尔兰南部独立。其结果是,今天有两个‘爱尔兰’。北部的北爱尔兰是联合王国的一部分。南部的爱尔兰共和国是一个独立的国家。”由此可知,本段介绍了爱尔兰共和国及北爱尔兰的由来,故选B项。 2.D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“In the 1840s the main crop,potatoes,was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger.”可知,19世纪40年代的食物短缺导致了爱尔兰人口的减少,故选D项。 3.A　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“For many years,the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers.”可知,大多数爱尔兰人以务农为生,故选A项。 4.B　主旨大意题。从整篇文章来看,文章前两段主要讲述的是爱尔兰的历史,后两段描述的是爱尔兰现在的情况,如文化、音乐等。所以,用B项“Ireland,Past and Present”作为本文的题目,与文章主题相符合,故选B项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最新考古发现,从文中可以看出我们原以为的丝绸之路的历史实际上可能会更早。 5.D　词义猜测题。根据第一段可知,新的考古发现表明欧亚之间的丝绸之路开始的历史要比我们知道的还要早。考古的发现结合(coupled)科学和历史的研究,会给丝绸之路的史诗翻开崭新的一页。 6.A　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,官方对于东西方的贸易的开始时间定在公元前2世纪末期。 7.C　推理判断题。根据第三段可知,历史学家把张骞出使西域当成是古代东西方交流最重要的一次旅行,他的这次旅行开创了中国和罗马的联系。故选C项。 Ⅱ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国作为许多伟大发明的发源地,特别是在货币发展方面的历史进程,从物物交换到使用贝壳、金属硬币,再到纸币的发明,通过列举历史事实和时间线,向读者普及了货币发展的相关知识。 1.B　根据上文“Before the invention of paper money and coins,people used many different kinds of things for buying and selling.”可知,B项符合语境,说明在纸币和硬币发明之前,人们使用其他物品如土豆进行买卖。 2.D　根据下文“In 1200 BCE,people in China began to use shells (贝壳) as money.”可知,D项与上文形成转折,自然引出下文内容。 3.E　根据上文“In the years which followed this invention,many other countries around the world began to do the same.”可知,E项进一步说明上文内容。 E项中的They指代的是many other countries。 4.G　根据上文“It wasn’t long before the Chinese made round coins out of metal.”可知,G项延续上文内容,进一步描述了钱币。 5.C　根据上文“About 1,000 years later,leather was used as money in China,and in 806 CE,the first paper banknotes were produced by the Chinese people.”可知,C项符合语境。 Ⅲ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了比尔创建的以色列志愿者组织United Hatzalah的有关信息,该组织致力于拯救生命。 1.D　由句意可知,此处指许多人死亡是因为救护车“被堵在路上”而耽搁了救援时间。 2.D　由空格后“a team of volunteers”和本句后面“trained them to deal with emergencies”可知,此处表示“把志愿者召集起来”。 3.A　由空格前“a team of volunteers”和“trained them to deal with emergencies”可知,志愿者应该来自各行各业。 4.D　由常识可知,因为要去救人,给摩托车上配备了医疗用品。 5.B　由下一段中“When someone calls to inform them of an emergency”这一信息可知,志愿者带着医疗用品回到日常生活中。 6.A　由句意可知,此处表示“该组织完全由志愿者组成”。 7.B　由句意可知,此处指“由离现场最近的志愿者去救人”。 8.A　由空格后“rushes over”这一信息可知,志愿者会“丢下”一切去救人。 9.C　由常识可知,这里指先实施心肺复苏。 10.B　由句意和常识可知,用医疗设备自然是帮助病人或“受伤的人”。 11.C　志愿者要让病人坚持到救护车来,所以他们的目标并不复杂,即“简单的”。 12.C　由句意可知,此处指志愿者会在三分钟内“出现”。 13.D　由本句后面的“donations cover”可知,United Hatzalah的医疗服务是“免费的”。 14.B　由句意可知,此处表示“捐款可以支付医疗用品和员工的费用”。 15.A　由句意可知,此处表示“志愿者展示出个人利用自己的力量来帮助他人”。 知识积累卡 一、1.发现　发现者　发现　2.迁移　迁移;移民　3.出生地;发源地　4.发明　发明家　发明 二、1.影响　深深打动　2.复苏　重新使用 三、1.给予……独立　2.作为交换　3.提供对……的见解 四、这使得人们更容易长途携带资金,并允许该国不同地区之间的贸易发展。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $