Unit 4 History and traditions Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking 分层同步练习-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册

Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking 一、必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.Local 　　　　　　(画廊) in small towns often feature the works of up-and-coming artists and local talent.  2.The a　　　　　 of tea consumed in Britain each year is staggering,reflecting its cultural significance.  3.The strategic 　　　　　　(位置) of Dover on the English Channel has made it a key port throughout history.  4.To e　　　　　 the preservation of historical sites,the government has strict regulations on construction and restoration.  5.The rugged 　　　　　　(风景) of the Scottish Highlands is famous for its natural beauty and outdoor activities.  Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.　　　　　　(announce) the discovery of a new species,the scientists held a press conference to share their findings.  2.With winter 　　　　　　(approach),people in the countryside prepared firewood and stocked up on warm clothes.  3.The museum,　　　　　　(charge) with preserving the nation’s heritage,carefully restored its ancient artifacts.  4.A good story does not have to have a happy ending,but the reader must not be left 　　　　　　　　(unsatisfy).  5.Jenny hopes that Mr Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English 　　　　　(improve) in a short period.  6.The children went home from the grammar school,with their lessons 　　　　　　(finish) for the day.  7.Tourists visiting London are often eager 　　　　　(see)the famous landmarks like Buckingham Palace and Tower Bridge.  8.The 　　　　　　(generous) of the local community helped raise a significant amount of money for the flood victims.  Ⅲ.单句写作 1.很高兴得知贵报正在招聘编辑,负责撰写中国传统文化板块的文章。(charge) I am happy to know that your newspaper will need a new editor 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　articles based on traditional Chinese culture.  2.据通告,将会任命一名新校长负责这所新学校。(announce) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 a new headmaster will be appointed in charge of the new school.  3.每天大量的垃圾如剩饭剩菜、废纸、废旧塑料瓶和电池被生产。(amounts of) Every day 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,such as leftover food,waste paper,used plastic bottles and batteries.  4.随着春节的临近,我计划充分利用假期为高考做准备。(with+复合结构) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I am planning to make full use of this vacation to prepare for the College Entrance Examination.  5.要想很容易地结交更多外国朋友,你需要友善并精通英语。(不定式作目的状语) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,you need to be kind and have a good knowledge of English.  二、能力素养提升练 Ⅳ.阅读理解 (2025重庆高一期中) We consider Black Friday as holy as Christmas or even Easter but it is so much more than that.Did you know that the first recorded Black Friday term was directed towards a financial crisis?Yes,financial crises come and go but the events that unfolded in 1869 were just too much. All of this started on Wall Street when two businessmen,Jay Gould and Jim Fisk bought all the nation’s gold to crash the market for their own personal gains.They wanted to drive the gold’s price to an all-time high and then sell the gold for unrealistic prices.On that Friday in September 1869,the plot was finally unveiled (揭露) and this sent the stock market into a free-fall.Everyone from Wall Street to the farmers became bankrupt(破产).This then became the original Black Friday. Let’s move to the retailers (零售商) now as Black Friday is directly related to the retailers.When the Wall Street crash happened,every retailer had to operate at a loss for an entire year.After Thanksgiving Holiday shoppers were ready to rain down cash for discounted goods and that is what motivated the retailers to start Black Friday Sales.It is also said that retail companies all over the United States used to record their losses in black and profits in red thus it became Black Friday but this is a bit inaccurate according to history experts. So we have talked about the origin of Black Friday but the term “Black Friday” was first used in the 1950s.It was obviously a Friday and the police complained about huge crowds of people showing up at the shops.It was just too much for them to handle.Police called it a “Black Friday” because no one could have expected it.After that date,this term was used to describe shopping. Retailers were not happy with the term Black Friday at first,it used to give them negative feelings.These retailers had some meetings and wanted it to be called “Big Friday” but those efforts failed.In the end,the term Black Friday was retained. 1.What is the original meaning of Black Friday? A.An event of great economic loss. B.A sharp decline of the gold price. C.A celebration of Christmas or Easter. D.A special day in memory of two businessmen. 2.What can we infer from paragraph 3? A.Customers would spend more money to buy the goods. B.Retailers started Black Friday Sales to make up for sales losses. C.History experts agreed with the definition from retail companies. D.When the Wall Street crash happened,everyone had heavy losses. 3.Why does the author mention the police? A.To describe the shops crowed with people. B.To inform us of the exact date of “Black Friday”. C.To explain the reason why the police didn’t like it. D.To show how the term “Black Friday” came into being. 4.What was the retailers’ attitude towards the term “Black Friday”? A.Excited.　 B.Critical. C.Appreciative. D.Indifferent. Ⅴ.完形填空 I was getting ready to head to my daughter’s college to bring her home for the New Year.The 　1　 was falling heavily and the land was silvered.I knew it wasn’t going to be an easy drive.  Usually a three-hour round 　2　,but I knew it was going to be a lot 　3　today as I slowed my car to 　4　 the slippery roads.Once I was on the road,though,condition only worsened.I 　5　 slowed down but four-wheel trucks sped past me 　6　 huge showers of slush (融雪) onto my windshield(挡风玻璃).During the last twenty miles I suddenly found myself behind a very 　7　 winter driver.Instead of driving slow and adjusting,when he hit a slippery spot he braked(刹车) hard and tamed sharply all over the road.I had to 　8　 hard myself to keep from hitting him but unfortunately slid into a ditch(沟).  I tried pulling out again and again but could only hear 　9　 tires.I was half-way out in the road and a truck sped by me,missing the car by inches.I looked about the car 　10　 and amazingly the car started to 　11　,as if it was almost being pushed out of the ditch.From the driving mirror I spotted a 　12　 covered with snow,pushing my car as hard as possible.When I stuck out my hand to greet him with gratitude,he 　13　 signed me good luck,getting on his car.  Just as a famous writer Henry 　14　 it,“He who walks in love may wander far.” Wherever you go then and however 　15　 your journeys may be,always remember that you are watched over by people with a love more powerful and more beautiful than you can ever imagine.  1.A.snow　　　 B.rain C.fog D.shower 2.A.rescue B.flight C.search D.trip 3.A.shorter B.faster C.longer D.easier 4.A.clear B.match C.consider D.find 5.A.even B.further C.finally D.immediately 6.A.moving B.causing C.throwing D.holding 7.A.untrustworthy B.unfriendly C.patient D.inexperienced 8.A.stop B.brake C.work D.hit 9.A.spinning B.running C.flat D.broken 10.A.curiously B.hopefully C.helplessly D.surprisingly 11.A.move B.trap C.jump D.increase 12.A.lady B.truck C.car D.figure 13.A.suddenly B.surely C.eventually D.simply 14.A.makes B.puts C.helps D.gets 15.A.safe B.different C.pleasant D.dangerous Ⅵ.语法填空 The British have many traditions but there is nothing more typical than 1.　　　　　　(take) afternoon tea.We know the British have a love affair with drinking tea,2.　　　　　more than 160 million cups drunk every day,but it was the invention of afternoon tea 3. 　　　　　　 turned tea-drinking into a popular pastime(消遣).  This sociable feast involves drinking good quality tea 4.　　　　　 (comfort) while nibbling(小口吃) on nice sandwiches,scones with jam and cream and a selection of small cakes.And,of course,it can only happen in the afternoon!Afternoon tea,which 5. 　　　　　　 (design) as a light snack to bridge the gap between lunch and dinner,dates back to the 1840s.It went on to become a 6.　　　　　　　 (fashion) social occasion for the upper classes.  Now there is a resurgence(复苏) in its 7. 　　　　　　 (popular) in the UK and it is available to anyone who can afford it.8. 　　　　　　 it can be enjoyed at home,the best way to experience it is at a smart hotel or cafe.But if you’re thinking of visiting such a place 9. 　　　　　　 (enjoy) a plate of sweet and savory treats with a steaming hot brew,remember the rules you must follow to avoid 10.　　　　　　　　　(ask) to leave.  Writer Henry James once noted that “there are few hours in life more agreeable than the hour dedicated to the ceremony known as afternoon tea.” I’m sure once you have tried it,you will agree. 知识积累卡 一、重点单词 1.realistic adj. 　　　　　　　　　→unrealistic adj. 　　　　　　　　　  2.accurate adj. 　　　　　　　　　　→accuracy n. 　　　　　　　　　　 →inaccurate adj.　　　　　　  3.complain v.　　　　　　　　→complaint n. 　　　　　　　　　　　　  4.power n. 　　　　　　　　　　　　→powerful adj. 　　　　　　　　　　　　  5.social adj.　　　　　　→sociable adj.　　　　　　  二、熟词生义 1.crash　本文义:v.　　　　　　　其他义:v.　　　　　　  2.handle　本文义:v.　　　　　　　其他义:n.　　　　　　  3.bridge　本文义:v.　　　　　　　　其他义:n.　　　　　　  三、词块速记 1.financial crisis　　　　　　　　　　　  2.personal gains　　　　　　　　　　　  3.stock market　　　　　　　　　　　  4.related to　　　　　　　　　　　  5.negative feelings　　　　　　　　　　　  四、长难句分析 1.After Thanksgiving Holiday shoppers were ready to rain down cash for discounted goods and that is what motivated the retailers to start Black Friday Sales. 分析:shoppers were...和that is...是由and连接的并列句,在第二个分句中,what引导的是　　　　　从句。  句意: _________________________________________________________ 2.Wherever you go then and however dangerous your journeys may be,always remember that you are watched over by people with a love more powerful and more beautiful then you can ever imagined. 分析:本句为主从复合句,always remember that...为主句,Wherever...和however...为两个并列的　　　从句;that引导　　　从句,than you can ever imagined为　　　从句。  句意: _________________________________________________________ 参考答案 Ⅰ.1.galleries　2.amount　3.position　4.ensure 5.landscape Ⅱ.1.Announcing　2.approaching　3.charged 4.unsatisfied　5.improved　6.finished　7.to see　8.generosity Ⅲ.1.in charge of　2.It is announced that　3.large amounts of rubbish are produced　4.With the Spring Festival approaching　5.To make more foreign friends easily Ⅳ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“黑色星期五”一词的起源、含义演变以及零售商们对这一术语的态度。 1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Did you know that the first recorded Black Friday term was directed towards a financial crisis?”可知,“黑色星期五”最初指的是经济损失巨大的事件,故选A项。 2.B　推理判断题。第三段提到“现在让我们转到零售商,因为黑色星期五与零售商直接相关。当华尔街崩盘发生时,每家零售商不得不亏损经营整整一年。感恩节过后,假日购物者准备为打折商品大把掏钱,这就是促使零售商开始‘黑色星期五大减价’的原因。”零售商开始黑色星期五促销活动是为了弥补销售损失,故选B项。 3.D　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Police called it a ‘Black Friday’ because no one could have expected it.After that date,this term was used to describe shopping.”可知,作者提到警察是为了说明“黑色星期五”一词的由来,故选D项。 4.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Retailers were not happy with the term Black Friday at first,it used to give them negative feelings.”可知,零售商对“黑色星期五”这一术语持批评的态度,故选B项。 Ⅴ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在雪地里得到陌生人帮助才得以脱离困境的故事。 1.A　根据下文“the land was silvered”可知,雪下得很大。 2.D　根据上文“I knew it wasn’t going to be an easy drive.”可知,此处表示通常要花三小时的往返行程。 3.C　根据下文“as I slowed my car to 　　　the slippery roads”可知,放慢车速意味着所花的时间越长。  4.B　作者放慢车速是为了适应湿滑的路面。 5.B　根据“condition only worsened”可知,情况变得更加糟糕了,所以“我”进一步放慢速度。 6.C　根据语境可知,此处表示经过的卡车把雪撒在“我”的挡风玻璃上。 7.D　根据下文“Instead of driving slow and adjusting,when he hit a slippery spot he braked (刹车) hard and tamed sharply all over the road.”可知,作者认为这是一个缺乏经验的司机。 8.B　根据上文可知,为了避开这辆车,“我”不得不急刹车。 9.A　根据语境可知,陷入沟里后,“我”一次又一次尝试驶出,却只听到车轮打滑发出的声音。 10.C　根据“I was half-way out in the road and a truck sped by me,missing the car by inches”可知,作者的处境雪上加霜,此时很无助。 11.A　根据下文“as if it was almost being pushed out of the ditch”可知,此时车子移动了。 12.D　根据下文“When I stuck out my hand to greet him with gratitude”可知,作者此时看到的是一个人。 13.D　根据下文“signed me good luck,getting on his car.”可知,这位陌生人没有过多的话语,仅仅说了一句祝“我”好运。 14.B　根据后面的“He who walks in love may wander far.”可知,这是作家亨利所说的话。 15.D　根据上文以及作者的遭遇可知,作者从这次遇险并得到陌生人的帮助的经历中体会到即便身处险境,记住总有人会守护的人生哲理。 Ⅵ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。提起英国人的传统风俗,最负盛名的一个应该就是下午茶了。文章介绍了这一传统的由来、发展以及现状。 1.taking　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,take在这里作than的宾语,表示“喝下午茶”这一行为,要用动词-ing形式。故填taking。 2.with　考查介词。分析句子可知,cups与drunk之间是动宾关系,符合“with + 名词 (或代词) + 过去分词”的with复合结构用法。故填with。 3.that　考查强调句。分析句子可知,从句中去掉it was和空白处,句子的成分是完整的,这里是对主语进行了强调,强调句的基本结构是“it is/was+被强调部分+that”。故填that。 4.comfortably　考查副词。分析句子可知,该空在这里修饰动词短语,要用副词形式。故填comfortably。 5.was designed　考查动词时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,这里使用了定语从句,which指代的就是Afternoon tea,与design之间是被动关系,构成be designed as,描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时。故填was designed。 6.fashionable　考查形容词。分析句子可知,fashion在这里作定语修饰social occasion,要用形容词形式。故填fashionable。 7.popularity　考查名词。这里its是形容词性物主代词,其后要接名词,需将popular变为popularity表示“流行,受欢迎”。故填popularity。 8.Although/Though/While　考查状语从句的连接词。分析前后句逻辑关系可知,前句是让步状语从句,要用although,though或while引导,表示“尽管,虽然”。故填Although/Though/While。 9.to enjoy　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,这里enjoy作目的状语,要用不定式形式。故填to enjoy。 10.being asked　考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth 意为“避免做某事”。“你”和“要求离开”之间是被动关系,用动词-ing的被动形式,故填being asked。 知识积累卡 一、1.实际的,现实主义的　不切实际的　2.准确的,精确的　准确性,精确度　不准确的　3.抱怨,投诉　抱怨,投诉　4.力量,权力　强大的,有力的　5.社会的　友好的;合群的 二、1.(使)崩溃　撞击　2.处理　把手　3.消除　桥梁 三、1.金融危机　2.个人利益　3.股票市场　4.与……相关　5.负面情绪 四、1.表语 感恩节过后,假日购物者准备用现金购买打折商品,这就是促使零售商开始黑色星期五促销的原因。 2.让步状语　宾语　比较状语 无论你去向何方,无论旅途多么险阻,请永远记得:有一份超越你想象之力、胜过你想象之美的爱,正默默守护着你。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $