Unit1语法现在完成时(1)-2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

8BUnit 1 Grammar---现在完成时(I) ◆我们用现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态，或已完成但对现在有一定影响的动作。现在完成时也可表示某个动作从过去到现在发生的次数。如： He has lived here since he came to Nanjing. 自从来到南京，他就一直住在这里。 I have lost my mobile phone. 我的手机丢了。(言下之意：我现在无法使用手机。) I have been to Beijing many times. 我去过北京很多次了。 ◆现在完成时常和already, yet, just, ever, never, recently, twice等副词以及since, for引导的时间状语及so far//by now// up to/till now(到目前为止), in/ the last/past+一段时间，all one’s life(一生), these days(这些天)等连用。如： He has not returned the book to me yet.他还没有把那本书还给我。 He has never visited the Great Wall.他从没去过长城。 The classical gardens of Suzhou have been famous for a long time.苏州园林已闻名许久。 注意： already常用于肯定句，意为"已经"，而yet常用于否定句和疑问句，意为"还"。如： He has already finished his homework. Has he finished his homework yet? He hasn’t finished his homework yet. ever一般用于疑问句中。Have you ever visited the Great Wall? 也可用于含最高级的句中。This is the worst film I have ever seen. just只用于肯定句中，放在句中。He has just borrowed a book from the library. recently可以用于各种句子，一般放在句末。 Has he written a letter to his parents recently? They have had three parties recently. before作为副词使用时，也可用于现在完成时，放在句末。 I have heard of him before. He has been to London before. 注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet。 ◆现在完成时的动词构成为：have/has+动词的过去分词。 1.大多数动词的过去分词变化形式同动词的过去式，可参照动词的过去式变化规则。 规则动词的过去分词变化如下: 变化规则 举例 大部分动词后面直接加ed ask → asked 以不发音的e结尾的动词，直接加d arrive → arrived 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，去掉y，再加ied study → studied 以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed shop→ shopped 2.不规则动词的过去分词变化 有些动词的过去分词和过去式的变化形式相同，其变化情况大致分类如下： 变化规则 举例(原形一过去式一过去分词) 与原形相同 hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt 在原形后加t或d learn-learnt-learnt hear-heard-heard 原形中的元音字母有变化 get-got-got sit-sat-sat 原形中的辅音字母有变化 make-made-made spill-spilt-spilt 原形中的元音、辅音字母都有变化 feel-felt-felt buy-bought-bought 3.有些动词的过去分词和过去式的变化形式不同，其变化情况大致分类如下： 变化规则 举例(原形一过去式一过去分词) 与原形相同 come-came-come run-ran-run 原形中的元音字母有变化 ring-rang-rung sing-sang-sung 在原形上加en eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen 在原形上加n see-saw-seen give-gave-given 在过去式上加n steal-stole-stolen break-broke-broken 原形、过去式和过去分词的词形差异较大 do-did-done go-went-gone 更多不规则动词的过去式及过去分词变化表，详见教材第146至147页。 不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律 AAA: cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cut hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt let-let-let put-put-put read-read-read set-set-set shut-shut-shut spread-spread-spread spit-spit-spit rid-rid-rid ABA: become—became—become ABB: stand—stood—stood ABC: eat— ate—eaten ◆现在完成时的句型转换 1. 现在完成时的肯定句句型 主语（第一、二人称单、复数)+have 主语（第三人称复数） +have } +过去分词 主语（第三人称单数） +has We have lived in Beijing. He has lived in Beijing. I have finished my homework. 2. 现在完成时的否定句句型 主语+have/has+ not+过去分词+…… I have not seen the movie yet. He hasn’t been to Beijing since then 3.现在完成时的一般疑问句句型及肯定否定回答 Have/Has+主语+过去分词+…？—Yes, … have/ has. — No, … haven’t/ hasn’t. Have you finished the work? —Yes, I have. — No, I haven’t. Has she arrived here? —Yes, she has. — No, she hasn’t. 4.现在完成时的特殊疑问句句型 特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+……. How many times have you been to the Great Wall? 即时自测： 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. I __________ (read) this book, so I know the story well. 2. He __________ (not finish) his work yet, but he __________ (do) most of it. 3. They __________ (visit) many countries, so they speak good English. 4. She __________ (see) that movie three times. She loves it. 5. Someone __________ (take) my pen. It’s not here now. 6. I __________ (lose) my key. Can you help me look for it? 7. My father __________ (teach) English for a long time. He’s very experienced. 8. We __________ (know) each other for many years. We are good friends. 9. The rain __________ (stop). Let’s go out. 10. I __________ (eat) already. I’m not hungry. 11. He __________ (write) three letters this morning. 12. They __________ (build) two new parks here. 13. She __________ (never speak) to a foreigner before. 14. How many pages __________ you __________ (read)? 15. The room is clean. My mom __________ (clean) it. 二、单项选择 1. —Why are you so happy? —Because I __________ my lost bag. A. find B. found C. have found D. will find 2. He __________ in this school for ten years. He still works here. A. teaches B. taught C. has taught D. is teaching 3. This is the best movie I __________. A. see B. saw C. have seen D. will see 4. Her English is good because she __________ a lot. A. practices B. practiced C. has practiced D. is practicing 5. The road is wet. It __________. A. rains B. rained C. has rained D. was raining 6. I __________ him for a long time. I miss him very much. A. don’t see B. didn’t see C. haven’t seen D. won’t see 7. You don’t need to tell me twice. I __________ you. A. understand B. understood C. have understood D. will understand 8. He __________ a doctor for five years. A. is B. was C. has been D. will be 9. It ________ for three hours. A. rains B. rained C. has rained D. has been rained 10. They ________ in this city since 2010. A. live B. lived C. have lived D. lives 三、句型转换（一空一词） 1. I have cleaned the room.（否定句） I ________ ________ the room. 2. She has read this novel.（一般疑问句） ________ she ________ this novel? 3. I have already cleaned the room.（否定句） I ________ cleaned the room ________. 4. I have lived here for ten years.（对划线提问） ________ ________ ________ you lived here? 5. She has been to Beijing twice.（对划线提问） ________ ________ _______ ________ she been to Beijing? 答案 一、填空 1. have read 2. hasn’t finished; has done 3. have visited 4. has seen 5. has taken 6. have lost 7. has taught 8. have known 9. has stopped 10. have eaten 11. has written 12. have built 13. has never spoken 14. have; read 15. has cleaned 二、单选 1. C 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. C 7. C 8. C 9. C 10. C 三、句型转换 1. haven’t cleaned 2. Has; read 3. haven’t; yet 4. How long have 5. How many times has 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $