Unit 1 Past and Present-Grammar（课件）2025-2026学年译林版八年级下册英语

该初中英语课件聚焦现在完成时，主题为“变化与经历”。课堂通过深圳今昔对比图片引导观察变化，结合听力对话提取关键句，搭建从情境感知到语法学习的支架，帮助学生建立知识联系。 其亮点在于融合真实情境与跨文化探究，如深圳与纽约发展对比活动，培养文化意识与语言能力。AI虚拟旅行对话、错误修正挑战等多样化练习，提升思维品质与学习能力。学生能在实践中深化语法应用，教师可借助结构化活动提高教学效率。

Unit 1: Present Perfect Tense Talking about Changes and Experiences 1.7.2013 Hello everyone, and welcome to our English class! Today, we're going to dive into Unit 1, where we'll explore a very important and useful tense: the Present Perfect Tense. We'll learn how to talk about changes and share our experiences. Let's get started! ‹#› Warm-up: Observe & Think What is "Change"? — A Visual Journey of Shenzhen Carefully Observe Look closely at the two pictures of Shenzhen. What catches your eye first? Notice the details in the environment. Spot the Differences Identify the key changes in the landscape. Are there more buildings, taller structures, or different types of roads and greenery? Analyze the Transformation How has the city evolved over time? What does this change tell us about development, society, and human life? 1.7.2013 Good morning, everyone! Today we're going to talk about a very interesting topic: 'change'. Look at these two pictures. This is Shenzhen, a city that has changed a lot. Can you tell me some of the changes you see? For example, look at the buildings, the roads, and the overall feel of the city. ‹#› Listening: News from Shenzhen The picture shows the conversation between Millie and Sandy in the textbook. Read along as you listen to the audio. Listen & Discover: Your Task Listen carefully to the dialogue. Focus on the underlined sentences and answer: What key changes in Shenzhen are mentioned by Millie and Sandy? Discuss your findings with a partner after listening. Living Conditions Millie mentions that the living conditions in Shenzhen have become "much better," as learned from a news article. Transport & Travel Transport has "improved a lot," making it very easy for people to get around the city efficiently. 1.7.2013 Now, let's listen to a conversation between two friends, Millie and Sandy. They are talking about the changes in Shenzhen. After listening, I want you to share with your partner what you've learned about the changes in Shenzhen based on their talk. Pay close attention to the sentences I've underlined. ‹#› Let's Learn the Key Sentences Highlighting the Present Perfect Tense structures extracted from the dialogue: I've just found outabout many changes about Shenzhen. Talks about a recent discovery relevant to the present moment. He said therehave beenmany changes taking place in the city. Refers to actions or states that began in the past and continue to the present. Transport in the cityhas also improveda lot over the years. Emphasizes a past action's result or effect on the present situation. Have you beento Shenzhen before? A question about past experiences. I've only beenthere once, just for a short visit. Stating a limited past experience. 1.7.2013 Excellent! You've found some very important sentences from the conversation. These sentences are all in a special tense called the 'Present Perfect Tense'. It helps us talk about things that happened in the past but are connected to the present. Let's look at them closely. ‹#› Grammar Focus 1: The Form 01. Affirmative (肯定句) I / You / We / They + have + (Past Participle) Example: Ihave finishedmy homework. (我已经完成了作业) He / She / It + has + (Past Participle) Example: Shehas readthe book. (她已经读过这本书了) 02. Negative (否定句) I / You / We / They + haven't (have not) + (Past Participle) Example: Wehaven't seenthe movie yet. (我们还没看这部电影) He / She / It + hasn't (has not) + (Past Participle) Example: Hehasn't calledme. (他还没给我打电话) Key Takeaway: Use'have'for plural subjects and 'I/you', and'has'for singular third-person subjects (he/she/it). 1.7.2013 The structure is quite simple. We use 'have' or 'has' plus the past participle of the verb. Remember, 'has' is used for he, she, and it. The short forms are 'haven't' and 'hasn't'. Let's practice forming some sentences together. ‹#› Grammar Focus 2: The Usage 01. Action in Progress An action that started in the past and continues to the present. (过去开始，持续到现在) Example: Hehas workedhere for 10 years. (He started 10 years ago and still works here now.) 02. Present Result An action that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has a connection with the present. (过去发生，与现在有关联) Example: Ihave lostmy key. (Result: I can't get into my house now.) Transporthas improved. 03. Life Experience An action that has happened up to now (at some point in the life). (到目前为止的人生经历) Example:Have you beento Shenzhen before? Ihave never seensnow. Key Takeaway: The Present Perfect tense always emphasizes theconnection between the past and the present, not just the action itself. 1.7.2013 So, when do we use this tense? There are three main situations. First, for actions that started in the past and are still happening now. Second, for past actions that have a result in the present. And third, for talking about life experiences up to this moment. It's all about the connection between the past and the present. ‹#› Grammar Focus 3: Questions & Answers Asking Questions (Question Form) HaveI / you / we / theyarrivedin Shenzhen? Use 'Have' with plural subjects and the first/second person singular. Hashe / she / itarrivedin Shenzhen? Use 'Has' with third-person singular subjects (he, she, it). Short Answers Affirmative (Yes) Yes, I/you/we/theyhave. Yes, he/she/ithas. Negative (No) No, I/you/we/theyhaven't. No, he/she/ithasn't. Tip: Short answers in the present perfect never use the main verb. 1.7.2013 To make a question in the present perfect, we simply put 'Have' or 'Has' at the beginning. The answers are short and simple. Let's practice asking and answering some questions. For example, "Have you finished your breakfast?" ‹#› Vocabulary: Past Participles Refer to the textbook page above for detailed spelling rules and examples of verb changes. Regular Verbs: The "-ed" Rule For most regular verbs, simply add "-ed" to form the past participle (e.g., finish → finished). For verbs ending in consonant + y, change "y" to "i" and add "-ed" (e.g., carry → carried). Double the final consonant for short verbs ending in vowel + consonant (e.g., stop → stopped). Irregular Verbs: Memorization is Key Irregular verbs have unique forms with no fixed pattern. Some stay the same (cut → cut), some change vowels (come → come), and others change entirely (buy → bought). Refer to the textbook list to practice and memorize these common irregular past participles. 1.7.2013 The most important part of forming the present perfect is the past participle. For regular verbs, it's easy, just add '-ed'. But for irregular verbs, you need to remember them. Let's read the list of irregular verbs together from the textbook page. ‹#› Using Key Words ever Used in questions to ask about experience (用于疑问句，询问经历).Example: Have you ever been to the Great Wall? never Used in negative statements to mean 'at no time in your life' (用于否定句，表示“从未”).Example: I have never tried sushi. already Used in affirmative statements to mean 'sooner than expected' (用于肯定句，表示“已经”).Example: She has already finished her project. yet Used in negative statements and questions to mean 'until now' (用于否定句和疑问句末尾，表示“还”).Examples: I haven't finished my homework yet. / Have you finished your homework yet? 1.7.2013 These words are very useful with the present perfect tense. 'Ever' and 'never' are for asking about and talking about life experiences. 'Already' and 'yet' tell us about the timing of an action, whether it's happened sooner than expected or is still waiting to happen. ‹#› Practice Time: Changes in Sunshine Town The image shows a textbook exercise about verb tenses. Use the context clues in the passage to choose between the Present Perfect and Simple Past tense. Activity 1: Text Completion Focus on verb forms and time expressions in context. Read the passage about Sunshine Town carefully. Complete the blanks with the correct form of the verbs given in brackets. Pay attention to the signal words for tense. Time Clues Look for words like 'over the years', 'already', 'just' (Perfect) vs. 'last year' (Simple Past). Task Action Write your answers in your notebook first, then share and check with a partner. 1.7.2013 Now, let's practice what we've learned. Here is a short passage about Sunshine Town. Please fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs, using either the present perfect or simple past tense. Pay close attention to the time expressions like 'over the years', 'last year', and 'just'. ‹#› Your Virtual Trip: Talk to AI! Open your AI speaking app and immerse yourself in a realistic conversation experience. Let the AI be your travel buddy! Activity 2: AI-Powered Speaking Mission:Imagine returning from a foreign city trip. Use an AI robot to describe your journey—make sure to useat least 5 sentences in the present perfect tenseto share your adventures! Sentence Support "I have just come back from...", "I have visited...", "I have eaten...", "I have met...", "It has been a... experience." Sample Script "Hello, I have just come back from Tokyo. I have visited the Tokyo Tower. I have eaten delicious sushi. I have taken many photos. It has been a wonderful experience." 1.7.2013 Now for a fun activity! You're going to be a world traveler. Open your AI speaking app. Describe your virtual trip to a city like Paris, Tokyo, or Sydney. The AI will listen to you and give you feedback on your grammar and pronunciation. Let's see who can create the most interesting trip! ‹#› Shenzhen vs. New York: A Tale of Two Cities Activity 3: Cross-cultural Comparison — Task Work in pairs. Compare the changes in Shenzhen and New York. Use the present perfect tense to describe and compare their development, infrastructure, and global roles. Shenzhen: The Fast-growing Metropolis From a small fishing village to a global tech hub, it has rapidly transformed with modern skyscrapers and cutting-edge innovation in just decades. New York: The Established Icon A long-standing international center of finance, culture, and media, it has maintained its status with historic landmarks and a century-old infrastructure. 01. Development:"Shenzhen has become a major global city, while New York has been one for a long time." 02. Architecture:"Shenzhen has built many new skyscrapers recently, complementing its modern skyline." 03. Infrastructure:"New York has had a famous subway system for over a century, linking its bustling boroughs." 1.7.2013 Let's compare two great cities: Shenzhen and New York. How have they changed over time? Are their changes similar or different? Work with your partner and use the present perfect tense to discuss and compare these two metropolises. ‹#› Let's Think Deeper: The Chain of "Change" Activity 4: Inquiry-based Question Chain — Exploring change from personal to global perspectives 01. Personal Experience Have you ever traveled to another city in China? What unique things did you see or do there? Reflect on how different or similar it was to your own environment. 02. Local Changes What changes have taken place in your hometown in the past 10 years? Consider new parks, roads, shopping malls, or community facilities—how have these affected daily life? 03. Technological Changes How has technology transformed our lifestyle? Think about how we use smartphones for mobile payment, online learning, and instant communication—what was life like before these tools? 04. Future Outlook Envision the next decade. What major changes do you predict for the world? Will technology solve big problems, or create new ones? How might our cities and societies evolve? 1.7.2013 Now, let's have a deeper discussion. We'll follow a chain of questions about 'change'. We'll start with our own personal experiences and then broaden our view to look at our hometown, technology, and even the future. Please take a moment to think about your answers to these questions. ‹#› Group Discussion: Share Your Ideas Form Groups of Four Get into small teams of four members each. Make sure everyone is seated together and ready to collaborate on the discussion task. Select a Discussion Prompt Each group will pick one question from the provided question chain. Focus on that specific topic and dive deep into the ideas it inspires. Use Present Perfect Tense Express your personal opinions and life experiences using the present perfect tense. Practice applying the grammar in natural conversation. Teacher Guidance & Support I will circulate around the classroom to offer language support, clarify doubts, and ensure everyone is engaged and on track. 1.7.2013 Now, form groups of four. Each group will discuss one of the questions from the last page. I want everyone to share their ideas and experiences. Remember to use the present perfect tense as much as possible. I will be walking around to help you if you need it. ‹#› Practice Makes Perfect Practice 1: Sentence Completion Task:Millie is writing about her family life. Read the sentences carefully and complete them using the correct forms of the verbs provided in the box (buy, visit, find, leave, go, return, work). Grammar Focus:Pay attention to the keywords like 'since', 'for', 'already' or 'yet' to decide between Present Perfect and Simple Past tense. Pair Work:After finishing, discuss your answers with a partner and share your own family experiences using the target structures. 1.7.2013 Let's do some more exercises to check our understanding. Here are some sentences about Millie's family. Please complete them with the correct form of the verbs. Be careful with choosing between the present perfect and the simple past tense! ‹#› Be a Reporter! Practice 2: Interview Role-play Use the textbook dialogue as a reference. Pay attention to the correct use of tenses while interviewing. Your Task: Pair Work Work in pairs. One student acts as the reporter, and the other acts as Andrew, a long-term resident of Shenzhen. First, complete the interview questions and answers together, then perform the dialogue for the class. Fill & Check Collaborate to fill in the blanks with the correct verb forms. Review each other's answers for accuracy. Act it Out Use appropriate tone and body language to make the interview sound natural and engaging for the audience. 1.7.2013 Now, let's bring the textbook to life! Work with a partner. One of you is the reporter, and the other is Andrew, who has lived in Shenzhen for ten years. Fill in the blanks together and then perform the interview for the class. ‹#› Error Correction Challenge 1. Ihave seethe new movie. Correction:Ihave seenthe new movie. 2. Shedidn't finishedher homework yet. Correction:Shehasn't finishedher homework yet. 3.Haveyouever eatItalian food? Correction:Haveyouever eatenItalian food? 4. Theyhas arrivedat the station. Correction:Theyhave arrivedat the station. 1.7.2013 Let's be grammar detectives! Here are some sentences with common mistakes in the present perfect tense. Can you find the errors and correct them? Let's go through them one by one. ‹#› Quick Fire Questions! Practice 4: Quick Quiz — 教师快速提问，学生快速回答，用 “Yes, I have” 或 “No, I haven't” 迅速回应，挑战你的反应速度与现在完成时的语法熟练度！ 01. Lunch Time Have you had lunch today? Think about what you ate and answer quickly with a simple 'Yes' or 'No'. 02. Homework Check Has your teacher given you any homework this week? Try to recall all the tasks assigned recently. 03. Horse Riding Have you ever ridden a horse? It’s an exciting experience, isn’t it? Share a quick thought if you have! 04. Book Progress Have you finished reading the book assigned for this class? If yes, can you tell us one thing you liked about the main character? 05. Weather Watch Has it rained this week? Describe how the weather was on the rainiest day—was it a light drizzle or a heavy downpour? 1.7.2013 Last practice! I'll ask you some questions, and I want you to answer 'Yes, I have' or 'No, I haven't' as quickly as possible. This is a quick quiz to test your reaction and understanding. Ready? Let's go! ‹#› What have we learned today? Basic Form have / has + past participle The structure combines the present tense of the verb "have" with the past participle of the main verb. "Has" is used for third-person singular subjects (he/she/it). Core Usages 1. Life Experiences:Talking about events that happened (or not) at an unspecified time in your life (use with ever/never). 2. Present Results:Actions that happened in the past but have a connection to the present moment. 3. Ongoing Actions:Actions that began in the past and continue to the present. Signal Words already, yet, just, ever, never, since, for, recently, lately These adverbs help identify the present perfect tense. "Already" (positive) and "yet" (negative/interrogative) are especially common for talking about completion. Key Takeaway:The present perfect tense connects the past to the present. It is not used with a specific time in the past (e.g., yesterday, in 2020). 1.7.2013 Great job today, everyone! We've learned how to use the present perfect tense to talk about our experiences and the changes around us. Let's quickly summarize what we've covered: the form, the three main uses, and the key words that often go with this tense. It's a very important tense in English, so make sure you practice it. ‹#› Homework for Today 01. Review & Consolidate Revisit the key grammar structures and new vocabulary introduced in today's lesson to reinforce your understanding. 02. Creative Writing Compose an 80-word paragraph about changes in your hometown over 5 years. Ensure to correctly apply the present perfect tense. 03. Prepare for Next Class Scan through the next chapter in your textbook. Identify any unfamiliar words and note down questions you may have for our discussion. 1.7.2013 Here is your homework for today. Please complete it carefully. Writing a short paragraph about the changes in your own hometown is a great way to practice what you've learned today. Don't forget to review and preview. See you next time! ‹#› $