专题01 高频词汇变形归纳（复习讲义）（上海专用）2026年中考英语二轮复习讲练测

该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦高频词汇变形，覆盖中考六大考查类型及十大类变形规则，通过“规则梳理-易错辨析-真题训练”教学环节，系统构建名词、动词、形容词等实词转换体系，帮助学生突破拼写易错点和固定搭配难点，体现复习的系统性与针对性。 亮点在于“分类突破+语境应用”策略，如动词→名词区分职业（-er/-or）、动作（-tion）等类型，结合中考书面表达高频搭配（如environmental pollution），培养学生语言能力与思维品质。特设十大类易错题分层训练，配合即时反馈机制，助力学生高效掌握考点，教师可据此精准把控复习节奏，提升应考能力。

专题01 高频词汇变形归纳（复习讲义） Part 1 词性转换考查类型 上海中考词性变形主要考查实词间的相互转换，核心考查类型为以下六种，覆盖语法单选、完形填空、单词拼写等题型核心考点： 名词 ↔ 动词、形容词 动词 ↔ 名词 动词 ↔ 形容词 形容词 ↔ 副词 形容词 ↔ 反义词（前缀/直接变形） 数词→序数词/副词/复合形容词 Part 2 十大类高频词汇变形规则（附上海中考考点） 一、动词→名词（上海中考高频：职业/动作/物，标注易错拼写+固定搭配） 核心考点：区分职业名词（-er/-or）、动作名词（-tion/-sion/-ing）、具象名词（表发明/结果），重点掌握去 e、双写辅音、不规则变形等易错点，匹配上海中考常考搭配。 动词 名词变形（核心） 拓展变形 上海中考常考搭配/易错点 teach teacher（职业）/teaching（动作） - teaching method 教学方法 invent inventor（人）/invention（物） inventiveness（创造力） an important invention 一项重要发明 discuss discussion（动作） - have a discussion about sth（易错：discuss 为及物动词，无 discuss about） pronounce pronunciation（发音） - 易错：不双写 n；improve one’s pronunciation decide decision（决定） - 易错：去 e+ision；make a decision to do sth agree agreement（同意） disagreement（反义） reach an agreement on sth develop development（动作）/developer（人） - the development of society 社会发展 invite invitation（邀请） - accept an invitation 接受邀请 pollute pollution（污染） pollutant（污染物） environmental pollution 环境污染（上海中考书面表达高频） appear appearance（出现/外貌） disappearance（反义） 易错：appearance 表 “外貌” 时不可数 die death（死亡） dying（形容词，垂死的） the death of...；die of/from（上海中考完形高频） succeed success（成功） successor（继承者） 不可数/可数；be a great success solve solution（解决办法） - 易错：a solution to the problem（介词 to） choose choice（选择） - 易错：去 e+ice；have no choice but to do argue argument（争论） - 易错：去 e+ment（不可直接加 ment） apologize apology（道歉） - 易错：去 e+y；make an apology to sb apply application（申请）/applicant（申请人） - an application for a job 求职申请 think thought（想法）/thinking（思考） - 不规则变形；a good thought begin beginning（开始） - 易错：双写 n；at the beginning of 上海中考小技巧 职业名词优先记 -er（普通职业）/-or（专业职业） 区别：work→worker，invent→inventor，operate→operator。 二、名词→动词（上海中考高频：固定搭配+介词易错，聚焦书面表达） 核心考点：名词后去掉后缀（-tion/-sion/-ation）转化为动词，重点掌握介词搭配（如 inform sb of sth）和及物/不及物动词区分，为上海中考书面表达搭建句式。 名词 动词变形 上海中考核心搭配/易错点 communication communicate communicate with sb/communicate sth to sb information inform 易错：inform sb of sth（介词 of 不可换） introduction introduce introduce sb to sb；introduce sth to sb education educate educate sb to do sth（上海中考书面表达高频：教育孩子） decision decide decide to do sth/decide on sth discussion discuss 易错：及物动词，直接加 sth，无 discuss about operation operate operate on sb（给某人做手术，完形高频） pollution pollute pollute the air/water（环保主题书面表达） agreement agree agree with sb/agree to sth/agree on sth solution solve solve a problem/solve a puzzle success succeed 易错：succeed in doing sth（介词 in+动名词） breath breathe 易错：结尾 e 不可漏；breathe in/out courage encourage encourage sb to do sth（中考高频句式） difference differ differ from sth/differ in sth achievement achieve achieve a goal /achieve success（书面表达高频） 三、名词→形容词（上海中考高频：后缀辨析+易混对比，天气/情感类为重点） 核心考点：掌握后缀变形规则（-ful/-less/-y/-al/-ous），区分修饰人/物、同义/反义形容词，天气类、情感类、品质类为上海中考绝对高频。 （一）后缀核心变形（附上海中考高频词） 1.-ful（肯定，充满…… 的）/-less（否定，无…… 的）：care→careful/careless；help→helpful/helpless；use→useful/useless（易错：不用 unuseful） 2.-y（表特征/天气，上海中考天气类必考）：wind→windy；cloud→cloudy；rain→rainy；snow→snowy；sun→sunny；noise→noisy 3.-al（表属性）：nation→national；culture→cultural；environment→environmental（environmental protection 环保，书面表达必考） 4.-ous（表性质）：danger→dangerous；ambition→ambitious 5.特殊变形（无后缀，上海中考易错）：pride→proud；fun→funny；silence→silent；truth→true （二）易混对比（上海中考完形高频考点） 名词 形容词1 形容词2 核心辨析（上海中考必背） interest interested（人） interesting（物/事） be interested in sth pleasure pleased（人） pleasant（物） be pleased with sth sleep sleepy（困倦的，状态） asleep（睡着的，表语） get sleepy；fall asleep（不可作定语） friendship friendly（友好的） - 易错：friendly 是形容词，不是副词；be friendly to sb loneliness lonely（孤独的，情感） alone（独自的，状态） live alone（客观）；feel lonely（主观） 四、动词→形容词（上海中考高频：-ed/-ing 区分+特殊变形） 核心考点：-ed（修饰人，感到…… 的）/-ing（修饰物/事，令人…… 的） 为上海中考必考点，特殊变形（过去分词作形容词）为完形填空高频，重点标注易错拼写。 （一）-ed /-ing 变形（上海中考高频情感类，必背） 动词 修饰人（-ed） 修饰物/事（-ing） 中考常考搭配 interest interested interesting be interested in surprise surprised surprising be surprised at excite excited exciting be excited about bore bored boring be bored with tire tired tiring be tired of amaze amazed amazing be amazed by disappoint disappointed disappointing be disappointed with worry worried worrying be worried about （二）特殊变形（过去分词作形容词，上海中考易错点） 动词 形容词变形 中考常考搭配/易错点 break broken（破碎的） a broken cup；a broken heart lose lost（丢失的/迷路的） get lost（迷路，完形高频）；a lost key die dead（死的）/dying（垂死的） dead 表状态；dying 表 “即将死亡” live alive（活着的，表语/后置定语）/lively（生动的） a lively party；the alive fish（后置） speak spoken（口头的） spoken English（英语口语，必考） fall fallen（落下的） fallen leaves（落叶，书面表达高频） write written（书面的） written English（书面英语，必考） know known（著名的） well-known（众所周知的）；a well-known writer 五、形容词→副词（上海中考核心考点：拼写规则+易混辨析） 核心考点：+ly 拼写规则 为基础必背，易混副词辨析（hard/hardly、late/lately）为上海中考拉分点，同形副词和句首状语用法为高频考点，全部标注中考易错点。 （一）规则变形（上海中考拼写易错点全标注） 1.直接+ly：quick→quickly；careful→carefully；beautiful→beautifully（多音节词） 2.辅音+y 变 i+ly：easy→easily；happy→happily；heavy→heavily（rain heavily 下大雨，必考）；angry→angrily 3.去 e+ly（中考高频易错）：true→truly（易错：非 trueely）；polite→politely；clear→clearly；sudden→suddenly；simple→simply （二）上海中考易混副词辨析（拉分点，必背） 副词1 副词2 词义/用法 中考常考搭配 hard（努力地/猛烈地） hardly（几乎不，否定） hard 表程度；hardly 表否定，放实义动词前 work hard；hardly eat anything late（晚/迟） lately（最近，现完标志） late 表时间；lately 用于现在完成时 get up late；I haven’t seen him lately good（形容词，好的） well（副词，好地/身体好） good 修饰名词；well 修饰动词/表身体 a good student；sing well；feel well fast（快地，速度） soon（很快，时间） fast 侧重速度；soon 侧重 “不久后” run fast；come soon wide（宽地，具体） widely（广泛地，抽象） open the door wide；be widely known （三）特殊变形（同形副词，上海中考基础考点） fast→fast、late→late、hard→hard、early→early、high→high、low→low（直接作副词，无需加 ly） （四）上海中考小技巧 句首状语：luckily→Luckily, he passed the exam；unluckily→Unluckily, he missed the bus（首字母大写，首字母填空必考）。 六、形容词→名词（上海中考高频：后缀变形+反义延伸，书面表达/单词拼写） 核心考点：掌握后缀规则（-ness/-th/-ty/-ce），区分反义名词，重点标注上海中考拼写易错点（如 angry→anger，非 angriness），为书面表达丰富词汇。 形容词 名词变形 易错点/中考搭配 happy happiness 辅音+y 变 i+ness sad sadness - angry anger 易错：去 y 变 i+er，非 angriness healthy health 易错：去 y 变 i+th；keep in good health wealthy wealth 易错：去 y 变 i+th dangerous danger 易错：去 ous+er；be in danger（必考） safe safety 易错：去 e+ty；traffic safety（交通安全，必考） important importance 易错：去 t+ce；the importance of study（必考） different difference 易错：去 t+ce；the difference between A and B（必考） difficult difficulty 易错：去 t+y；have difficulty (in) doing sth（必考，in 可省） kind kindness show kindness to others（书面表达高频） honest honesty honesty is the best policy（谚语，书面表达加分） strong strength 易错：去 ng+th；physical/mental strength weak weakness find one’s weakness（完形高频） patient patience have patience with sb；be patient with sb（对应搭配） 七、形容词→反义词（上海中考高频：前缀辨析+直接变形，覆盖所有题型） 核心考点：前缀 un-/in-/im-/dis- 为规则考点，无前缀直接变形为上海中考完形高频，重点掌握前缀适用规则和特殊反义（如 easy→difficult，非 uneasy）。 （一）前缀变形（标注适用规则+上海中考高频词） 1.un-（最通用，接单/多音节形容词，必考）：happy→unhappy；lucky→unlucky；healthy→unhealthy；usual→unusual；friendly→unfriendly；fair→unfair（必考）；necessary→unnecessary 2.in-（接多音节形容词）：active→inactive；dependent→independent（必考）；possible→impossible（也可接 im-）；regular→irregular（饮食/作息，书面表达高频） 3.im-（接 p/b/m 开头的形容词，易错高频）：polite→impolite（易错：非 unpolite）；patient→impatient（易错：非 unpatient）；perfect→imperfect；balanced→imbalanced（an imbalanced diet 不均衡饮食，必考） 4.dis-（接少数高频词）：honest→dishonest（易错：非 unhonest） （二）无前缀，直接变反义（上海中考完形高频，必背） 形容词 反义词 中考考点 happy sad 程度差异：unhappy（不开心）< sad（悲伤） easy difficult/hard 必考，uneasy 表 “不安的”，非 “困难的” big/large small - long short - high tall low（高度）/short（身高） strong weak 必考 good bad 必考 clean dirty - wet dry - hot cold warm→cool（次高频） light heavy 重量/光线，必考 八、动词→反义词（上海中考高频：前缀+不规则反义，完形填空） 核心考点：区分un-（逆转动作）/dis-（否定动作） 前缀用法，不规则反义动词（borrow/lend、buy/sell）为上海中考拉分点，全部标注搭配和语境差异。 （一）前缀变形（规则+中考高频） 1.un-（逆转动作：撤销/恢复原状）：lock→unlock；tie→untie；cover→uncover；fold→unfold；fasten→unfasten（unfasten the seat belt 解开安全带，完形高频） 2.dis-（否定动作：相反/不做某事，必考）：agree→disagree；like→dislike；obey→disobey（disobey the rules 违反规则，必考）；appear→disappear；believe→disbelieve；approve→disapprove （二）无前缀，不规则反义（上海中考核心拉分点，必背搭配） 动词 反义词 中考必考搭配 buy sell buy sth from sb/sell sth to sb borrow lend borrow sth from sb/lend sth to sb（易错易混） give take give sb sth/take sth from sb receive send receive a letter/send a letter arrive leave arrive at/in sp/leave for sp open close open the door /close the door（电器：turn on/off） rise fall the sun rises/falls；prices rise/fall（经济类，完形高频） remember forget remember to do /forget to do（必考） accept refuse accept an invitation/refuse an invitation encourage discourage encourage sb to do/discourage sb from doing （三）上海中考易错提醒 un - 是动作可逆（如绑→解开），dis - 是动作相反（如同意→不同意），不可混用。 九、副词→反义词（上海中考高频：前缀+直接变形） 核心考点：延续形容词前缀规则，易混副词反义（already/yet、almost/hardly）为上海中考首字母填空必考，重点标注无对应前缀形式的副词（如 recently→not recently）。 （一）前缀变形（中考高频） 1.un-：happily→unhappily；luckily→unluckily；carefully→carelessly（必考）；clearly→unclearly 2.im-：politely→impolitely（易错：非 unpolitely） 3.dis-：honestly→dishonestly（书面表达高频） （二）无前缀，直接变反义（上海中考核心考点，必背） 副词 反义词 中考考点/搭配 already yet already（肯定句）/yet（否定/疑问，句末），现完必考 almost hardly almost（几乎）/hardly（几乎不，否定） ever never 现在完成时必考；Have you ever...?/I have never... here there come here/go there up down jump up/down；turn up/down（音量，必考） in out come in/go out early late get up early/late（必考） fast slowly run fast/walk slowly well badly sing well/badly（修饰动词，必考） （三）上海中考易错提醒 部分副词无对应前缀形式，需用 “not+副词” 表达：recently→not recently；often→not often，不可写 unrecently/unoften。 十、数词→相关词性变形（上海中考必考：序数词+倍数/频率，书面表达） 核心考点：基数词→序数词 拼写易错点为基础必背，倍数/频率表达（twice、three times）为完形填空高频，复合形容词（ten-year-old）为完形必考，全部标注上海中考特有的日期、倍数用法。 （一）基数词→序数词（上海中考拼写易错点全标注，必背） 1.基础易错（1-12，必考）：one→first；two→second；three→third；four→fourth（去 u）；five→fifth（去 ve+fth）；eight→eighth（去 t）；nine→ninth（去 e）；twelve→twelfth（去 ve+lfth） 2.整十易错：twenty→twentieth（去 y+tieth）；thirty→thirtieth；forty→fortieth（去 u）；fifty→fiftieth 3.复合数词：twenty-one→twenty-first（只变最后一个，必考）；thirty-five→thirty-fifth 4.整百：one hundred→one hundredth （二）数词→形容词（复合形容词，上海中考完形必考） 规则：数词+连字符+名词单数（不可用复数），如： ten→ten-year-old（a ten-year-old boy，易错：非 ten-years-old）；twenty→twenty-year-old （三）数词→副词（倍数/频率/顺序，上海中考书面表达必考） 1.频率/次数（必考）：one→once（once a week）；two→twice（易错：非 two times；twice a month）；three→three times（three times a year） 2.倍数表达（上海中考书面表达加分点）：twice as+形容词原级+as（This book is twice as thick as that one.）；three times as+原级+as 3.顺序（句首状语，必考）：first→First（首字母大写）；second→Second；third→Third（First, we need to... 书面表达句式） （四）上海中考小技巧 日期表达：June 1st（六月一日）、October 12th（十月十二日），序数词可缩写（1st/2nd/3rd/4th），首字母填空常考。 Part 3 上海中考英语词汇变形十大类型易错题 一、动词→名词（易错题） 1.We need to have a ______ (discuss) about the plan before making a decision. 2.His ______ (pronounce) of English words is very clear, so we all admire him. 3.The ______ (die) of the famous writer made many readers sad. 4.She sent an ______ (invite) to her classmates for her birthday party. 5.The ______ (pollute) of the river has been a serious problem for years. 6.He made a ______ (decide) to study abroad after finishing high school. 7.The ______ (appear) of the new technology changed people’s lives greatly. 8.Her ______ (succeed) in the exam made her parents very proud. 9.We should find a ______ (solve) to the environmental problem as soon as possible. 10.After a long ______ (argue) with his parents, he finally agreed to go to college. 二、名词→动词（易错题） 1.We should ______ (communication) with our parents more often to avoid misunderstandings. 2.The teacher ______ (information) us that the exam would be put off. 3.He ______ (introduction) his new friend to us at the party yesterday. 4.Doctors are trying to ______ (operation) on the sick child to save his life. 5.We must ______ (pollute) the environment no longer—let’s take action. 6.She ______ (agree) with my plan because she thought it was too risky. 7.He finally ______ (success) in passing the difficult exam after hard work. 8.We need to ______ (breath) fresh air every day to keep healthy. 9.Teachers often ______ (courage) students to face challenges bravely. 10.The two methods ______ (difference) greatly in cost and efficiency. 三、名词→形容词（易错题） 1.The ______ (wind) day made it hard for us to go out. 2.She is a ______ (friend) girl who gets along well with everyone. 3.He felt ______ (loneliness) when he moved to the new city alone. 4.The ______ (nation) flag is raised every morning in our school. 5.It’s ______ (danger) to cross the road when the traffic light is red. 6.The ______ (fun) story made all the children laugh loudly. 7.She is ______ (pride) of her son’s great achievements. 8.The ______ (silence) library requires us to speak softly. 9.We should protect the ______ (environment) resources for future generations. 10.He is a ______ (care) student, so he often makes mistakes in his homework. 四、动词→形容词（易错题） 1.The ______ (excite) news made all of us jump with joy. 2.She felt ______ (disappoint) when she didn’t get the expected gift. 3.The ______ (break) glass hurt his foot badly. 4.He is one of the most ______ (know) writers in China. 5.We found a ______ (lose) dog on the street and took it to the animal shelter. 6.The ______ (tire) trip made everyone feel exhausted. 7.The ______ (live) show attracted millions of viewers. 8.He is ______ (interest) in playing basketball and practices every day. 9.The ______ (fall) leaves in autumn are very beautiful. 10.The ______ (surprise) result of the exam shocked both teachers and students. 五、形容词→副词（易错题） 1.She sings very ______ (beautiful), so she won the singing competition. 2.He drives ______ (careful) on rainy days to avoid accidents. 3.The teacher explained the problem ______ (clear) so that everyone could understand. 4.He works ______ (hard) than his classmates, so he makes greater progress. 5.I ______ (hard) know him, so I can’t help you find him. 6.She answered the question ______ (polite) when the teacher asked her. 7.The rain is falling ______ (heavy), so we have to stay at home. 8.He finished his homework ______ (quick) and went out to play. 9.______ (lucky), he missed the bus and was late for school. 10.She speaks English ______ (fluent), so she can communicate with foreigners easily. 六、形容词→名词（易错题） 1.We should care about the ______ (safe) of ourselves when we go out. 2.The ______ (important) of learning English can’t be ignored. 3.She has a lot of ______ (kind) and often helps people in need. 4.His ______ (honest) made him win the trust of his friends. 5.The ______ (different) between the two books is not very obvious. 6.We need to have ______ (patient) when we teach children. 7.The ______ (strong) of his body comes from regular exercise. 8.The ______ (happy) on her face showed that she was satisfied with the result. 9.He has great ______ (difficult) in solving this math problem. 10.The ______ (healthy) of the children is the most important thing for parents. 七、形容词→反义词（易错题） 1.The task is not ______ (easy); it’s quite difficult for us. 2.He is an ______ (honest) boy who often tells lies. 3.The movie is ______ (interesting); I fell asleep halfway. 4.It’s ______ (fair) to blame him for the mistake—he didn’t do it. 5.The water is ______ (clean); we can’t drink it directly. 6.She is ______ (polite) to her teachers, so no one likes her. 7.The plan is ______ (possible) to carry out because we don’t have enough money. 8.He is ______ (patient) and can’t wait for anyone. 9.The food is ______ (good); we should throw it away. 10.The weather is ______ (usual) today—it’s snowing in June. 八、动词→反义词（易错题） 1.He ______ (agree) with my opinion because he had a different idea. 2.She ______ (like) eating spicy food, so she never orders it. 3.The door is locked; can you ______ (lock) it for me? 4.He ______ (obey) the school rules and was punished by the teacher. 5.The sun ______ (rise) in the west and sets in the east. 6.She ______ (accept) the invitation because she was too busy. 7.He ______ (remember) to bring his homework, so he had to go back home. 8.The magician ______ (appear) suddenly and surprised everyone. 9.I ______ (borrow) a book from the library and returned it yesterday. 10.She ______ (encourage) him to give up smoking, but he didn’t listen. 九、副词→反义词（易错题） 1.He runs ______ (fast); he is the slowest in the class. 2.She speaks ______ (loudly); everyone can hear her clearly. 3.He has ______ (ever) been to Beijing—this is his first time. 4.The meeting hasn’t started ______ (already); we still have time. 5.She sings ______ (well); her voice is terrible. 6.He arrived ______ (early) for the meeting and was 30 minutes late. 7.The news spread ______ (widely); only a few people know it. 8.He ______ (hardly) works—he is always busy with his job. 9.She answered the question ______ (politely); her words hurt others. 10.He drives ______ (carefully); he often has accidents. 十、数词→相关词性变形（易错题） 1.Today is my brother’s ______ (twelve) birthday. 2.This is the ______ (three) time I’ve seen this movie. 3.He is a ______ (ten-year-old) boy who can play the piano very well. 4.She goes to the gym ______ (two) a week to keep fit. 5.The building is ______ (two) as tall as that one. 6.______ (one), we need to prepare the materials; second, we should make a plan. 7.He got the ______ (five) place in the English competition. 8.There are ______ (forty) students in our class. 9.This book is ______ (three) times thicker than the one I read before. 10.The ______ (twenty) of December is my mother’s birthday. 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2/18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 高频词汇变形归纳（复习讲义） Part 1 词性转换考查类型 上海中考词性变形主要考查实词间的相互转换，核心考查类型为以下六种，覆盖语法单选、完形填空、单词拼写等题型核心考点： 名词 ↔ 动词、形容词 动词 ↔ 名词 动词 ↔ 形容词 形容词 ↔ 副词 形容词 ↔ 反义词（前缀/直接变形） 数词→序数词/副词/复合形容词 Part 2 十大类高频词汇变形规则（附上海中考考点） 一、动词→名词（上海中考高频：职业/动作/物，标注易错拼写+固定搭配） 核心考点：区分职业名词（-er/-or）、动作名词（-tion/-sion/-ing）、具象名词（表发明/结果），重点掌握去 e、双写辅音、不规则变形等易错点，匹配上海中考常考搭配。 动词 名词变形（核心） 拓展变形 上海中考常考搭配/易错点 teach teacher（职业）/teaching（动作） - teaching method 教学方法 invent inventor（人）/invention（物） inventiveness（创造力） an important invention 一项重要发明 discuss discussion（动作） - have a discussion about sth（易错：discuss 为及物动词，无 discuss about） pronounce pronunciation（发音） - 易错：不双写 n；improve one’s pronunciation decide decision（决定） - 易错：去 e+ision；make a decision to do sth agree agreement（同意） disagreement（反义） reach an agreement on sth develop development（动作）/developer（人） - the development of society 社会发展 invite invitation（邀请） - accept an invitation 接受邀请 pollute pollution（污染） pollutant（污染物） environmental pollution 环境污染（上海中考书面表达高频） appear appearance（出现/外貌） disappearance（反义） 易错：appearance 表 “外貌” 时不可数 die death（死亡） dying（形容词，垂死的） the death of...；die of/from（上海中考完形高频） succeed success（成功） successor（继承者） 不可数/可数；be a great success solve solution（解决办法） - 易错：a solution to the problem（介词 to） choose choice（选择） - 易错：去 e+ice；have no choice but to do argue argument（争论） - 易错：去 e+ment（不可直接加 ment） apologize apology（道歉） - 易错：去 e+y；make an apology to sb apply application（申请）/applicant（申请人） - an application for a job 求职申请 think thought（想法）/thinking（思考） - 不规则变形；a good thought begin beginning（开始） - 易错：双写 n；at the beginning of 上海中考小技巧 职业名词优先记 -er（普通职业）/-or（专业职业） 区别：work→worker，invent→inventor，operate→operator。 二、名词→动词（上海中考高频：固定搭配+介词易错，聚焦书面表达） 核心考点：名词后去掉后缀（-tion/-sion/-ation）转化为动词，重点掌握介词搭配（如 inform sb of sth）和及物/不及物动词区分，为上海中考书面表达搭建句式。 名词 动词变形 上海中考核心搭配/易错点 communication communicate communicate with sb/communicate sth to sb information inform 易错：inform sb of sth（介词 of 不可换） introduction introduce introduce sb to sb；introduce sth to sb education educate educate sb to do sth（上海中考书面表达高频：教育孩子） decision decide decide to do sth/decide on sth discussion discuss 易错：及物动词，直接加 sth，无 discuss about operation operate operate on sb（给某人做手术，完形高频） pollution pollute pollute the air/water（环保主题书面表达） agreement agree agree with sb/agree to sth/agree on sth solution solve solve a problem/solve a puzzle success succeed 易错：succeed in doing sth（介词 in+动名词） breath breathe 易错：结尾 e 不可漏；breathe in/out courage encourage encourage sb to do sth（中考高频句式） difference differ differ from sth/differ in sth achievement achieve achieve a goal /achieve success（书面表达高频） 三、名词→形容词（上海中考高频：后缀辨析+易混对比，天气/情感类为重点） 核心考点：掌握后缀变形规则（-ful/-less/-y/-al/-ous），区分修饰人/物、同义/反义形容词，天气类、情感类、品质类为上海中考绝对高频。 （一）后缀核心变形（附上海中考高频词） 1.-ful（肯定，充满…… 的）/-less（否定，无…… 的）：care→careful/careless；help→helpful/helpless；use→useful/useless（易错：不用 unuseful） 2.-y（表特征/天气，上海中考天气类必考）：wind→windy；cloud→cloudy；rain→rainy；snow→snowy；sun→sunny；noise→noisy 3.-al（表属性）：nation→national；culture→cultural；environment→environmental（environmental protection 环保，书面表达必考） 4.-ous（表性质）：danger→dangerous；ambition→ambitious 5.特殊变形（无后缀，上海中考易错）：pride→proud；fun→funny；silence→silent；truth→true （二）易混对比（上海中考完形高频考点） 名词 形容词1 形容词2 核心辨析（上海中考必背） interest interested（人） interesting（物/事） be interested in sth pleasure pleased（人） pleasant（物） be pleased with sth sleep sleepy（困倦的，状态） asleep（睡着的，表语） get sleepy；fall asleep（不可作定语） friendship friendly（友好的） - 易错：friendly 是形容词，不是副词；be friendly to sb loneliness lonely（孤独的，情感） alone（独自的，状态） live alone（客观）；feel lonely（主观） 四、动词→形容词（上海中考高频：-ed/-ing 区分+特殊变形） 核心考点：-ed（修饰人，感到…… 的）/-ing（修饰物/事，令人…… 的） 为上海中考必考点，特殊变形（过去分词作形容词）为完形填空高频，重点标注易错拼写。 （一）-ed /-ing 变形（上海中考高频情感类，必背） 动词 修饰人（-ed） 修饰物/事（-ing） 中考常考搭配 interest interested interesting be interested in surprise surprised surprising be surprised at excite excited exciting be excited about bore bored boring be bored with tire tired tiring be tired of amaze amazed amazing be amazed by disappoint disappointed disappointing be disappointed with worry worried worrying be worried about （二）特殊变形（过去分词作形容词，上海中考易错点） 动词 形容词变形 中考常考搭配/易错点 break broken（破碎的） a broken cup；a broken heart lose lost（丢失的/迷路的） get lost（迷路，完形高频）；a lost key die dead（死的）/dying（垂死的） dead 表状态；dying 表 “即将死亡” live alive（活着的，表语/后置定语）/lively（生动的） a lively party；the alive fish（后置） speak spoken（口头的） spoken English（英语口语，必考） fall fallen（落下的） fallen leaves（落叶，书面表达高频） write written（书面的） written English（书面英语，必考） know known（著名的） well-known（众所周知的）；a well-known writer 五、形容词→副词（上海中考核心考点：拼写规则+易混辨析） 核心考点：+ly 拼写规则 为基础必背，易混副词辨析（hard/hardly、late/lately）为上海中考拉分点，同形副词和句首状语用法为高频考点，全部标注中考易错点。 （一）规则变形（上海中考拼写易错点全标注） 1.直接+ly：quick→quickly；careful→carefully；beautiful→beautifully（多音节词） 2.辅音+y 变 i+ly：easy→easily；happy→happily；heavy→heavily（rain heavily 下大雨，必考）；angry→angrily 3.去 e+ly（中考高频易错）：true→truly（易错：非 trueely）；polite→politely；clear→clearly；sudden→suddenly；simple→simply （二）上海中考易混副词辨析（拉分点，必背） 副词1 副词2 词义/用法 中考常考搭配 hard（努力地/猛烈地） hardly（几乎不，否定） hard 表程度；hardly 表否定，放实义动词前 work hard；hardly eat anything late（晚/迟） lately（最近，现完标志） late 表时间；lately 用于现在完成时 get up late；I haven’t seen him lately good（形容词，好的） well（副词，好地/身体好） good 修饰名词；well 修饰动词/表身体 a good student；sing well；feel well fast（快地，速度） soon（很快，时间） fast 侧重速度；soon 侧重 “不久后” run fast；come soon wide（宽地，具体） widely（广泛地，抽象） open the door wide；be widely known （三）特殊变形（同形副词，上海中考基础考点） fast→fast、late→late、hard→hard、early→early、high→high、low→low（直接作副词，无需加 ly） （四）上海中考小技巧 句首状语：luckily→Luckily, he passed the exam；unluckily→Unluckily, he missed the bus（首字母大写，首字母填空必考）。 六、形容词→名词（上海中考高频：后缀变形+反义延伸，书面表达/单词拼写） 核心考点：掌握后缀规则（-ness/-th/-ty/-ce），区分反义名词，重点标注上海中考拼写易错点（如 angry→anger，非 angriness），为书面表达丰富词汇。 形容词 名词变形 易错点/中考搭配 happy happiness 辅音+y 变 i+ness sad sadness - angry anger 易错：去 y 变 i+er，非 angriness healthy health 易错：去 y 变 i+th；keep in good health wealthy wealth 易错：去 y 变 i+th dangerous danger 易错：去 ous+er；be in danger（必考） safe safety 易错：去 e+ty；traffic safety（交通安全，必考） important importance 易错：去 t+ce；the importance of study（必考） different difference 易错：去 t+ce；the difference between A and B（必考） difficult difficulty 易错：去 t+y；have difficulty (in) doing sth（必考，in 可省） kind kindness show kindness to others（书面表达高频） honest honesty honesty is the best policy（谚语，书面表达加分） strong strength 易错：去 ng+th；physical/mental strength weak weakness find one’s weakness（完形高频） patient patience have patience with sb；be patient with sb（对应搭配） 七、形容词→反义词（上海中考高频：前缀辨析+直接变形，覆盖所有题型） 核心考点：前缀 un-/in-/im-/dis- 为规则考点，无前缀直接变形为上海中考完形高频，重点掌握前缀适用规则和特殊反义（如 easy→difficult，非 uneasy）。 （一）前缀变形（标注适用规则+上海中考高频词） 1.un-（最通用，接单/多音节形容词，必考）：happy→unhappy；lucky→unlucky；healthy→unhealthy；usual→unusual；friendly→unfriendly；fair→unfair（必考）；necessary→unnecessary 2.in-（接多音节形容词）：active→inactive；dependent→independent（必考）；possible→impossible（也可接 im-）；regular→irregular（饮食/作息，书面表达高频） 3.im-（接 p/b/m 开头的形容词，易错高频）：polite→impolite（易错：非 unpolite）；patient→impatient（易错：非 unpatient）；perfect→imperfect；balanced→imbalanced（an imbalanced diet 不均衡饮食，必考） 4.dis-（接少数高频词）：honest→dishonest（易错：非 unhonest） （二）无前缀，直接变反义（上海中考完形高频，必背） 形容词 反义词 中考考点 happy sad 程度差异：unhappy（不开心）< sad（悲伤） easy difficult/hard 必考，uneasy 表 “不安的”，非 “困难的” big/large small - long short - high tall low（高度）/short（身高） strong weak 必考 good bad 必考 clean dirty - wet dry - hot cold warm→cool（次高频） light heavy 重量/光线，必考 八、动词→反义词（上海中考高频：前缀+不规则反义，完形填空） 核心考点：区分un-（逆转动作）/dis-（否定动作） 前缀用法，不规则反义动词（borrow/lend、buy/sell）为上海中考拉分点，全部标注搭配和语境差异。 （一）前缀变形（规则+中考高频） 1.un-（逆转动作：撤销/恢复原状）：lock→unlock；tie→untie；cover→uncover；fold→unfold；fasten→unfasten（unfasten the seat belt 解开安全带，完形高频） 2.dis-（否定动作：相反/不做某事，必考）：agree→disagree；like→dislike；obey→disobey（disobey the rules 违反规则，必考）；appear→disappear；believe→disbelieve；approve→disapprove （二）无前缀，不规则反义（上海中考核心拉分点，必背搭配） 动词 反义词 中考必考搭配 buy sell buy sth from sb/sell sth to sb borrow lend borrow sth from sb/lend sth to sb（易错易混） give take give sb sth/take sth from sb receive send receive a letter/send a letter arrive leave arrive at/in sp/leave for sp open close open the door /close the door（电器：turn on/off） rise fall the sun rises/falls；prices rise/fall（经济类，完形高频） remember forget remember to do /forget to do（必考） accept refuse accept an invitation/refuse an invitation encourage discourage encourage sb to do/discourage sb from doing （三）上海中考易错提醒 un - 是动作可逆（如绑→解开），dis - 是动作相反（如同意→不同意），不可混用。 九、副词→反义词（上海中考高频：前缀+直接变形） 核心考点：延续形容词前缀规则，易混副词反义（already/yet、almost/hardly）为上海中考首字母填空必考，重点标注无对应前缀形式的副词（如 recently→not recently）。 （一）前缀变形（中考高频） 1.un-：happily→unhappily；luckily→unluckily；carefully→carelessly（必考）；clearly→unclearly 2.im-：politely→impolitely（易错：非 unpolitely） 3.dis-：honestly→dishonestly（书面表达高频） （二）无前缀，直接变反义（上海中考核心考点，必背） 副词 反义词 中考考点/搭配 already yet already（肯定句）/yet（否定/疑问，句末），现完必考 almost hardly almost（几乎）/hardly（几乎不，否定） ever never 现在完成时必考；Have you ever...?/I have never... here there come here/go there up down jump up/down；turn up/down（音量，必考） in out come in/go out early late get up early/late（必考） fast slowly run fast/walk slowly well badly sing well/badly（修饰动词，必考） （三）上海中考易错提醒 部分副词无对应前缀形式，需用 “not+副词” 表达：recently→not recently；often→not often，不可写 unrecently/unoften。 十、数词→相关词性变形（上海中考必考：序数词+倍数/频率，书面表达） 核心考点：基数词→序数词 拼写易错点为基础必背，倍数/频率表达（twice、three times）为完形填空高频，复合形容词（ten-year-old）为完形必考，全部标注上海中考特有的日期、倍数用法。 （一）基数词→序数词（上海中考拼写易错点全标注，必背） 1.基础易错（1-12，必考）：one→first；two→second；three→third；four→fourth（去 u）；five→fifth（去 ve+fth）；eight→eighth（去 t）；nine→ninth（去 e）；twelve→twelfth（去 ve+lfth） 2.整十易错：twenty→twentieth（去 y+tieth）；thirty→thirtieth；forty→fortieth（去 u）；fifty→fiftieth 3.复合数词：twenty-one→twenty-first（只变最后一个，必考）；thirty-five→thirty-fifth 4.整百：one hundred→one hundredth （二）数词→形容词（复合形容词，上海中考完形必考） 规则：数词+连字符+名词单数（不可用复数），如： ten→ten-year-old（a ten-year-old boy，易错：非 ten-years-old）；twenty→twenty-year-old （三）数词→副词（倍数/频率/顺序，上海中考书面表达必考） 1.频率/次数（必考）：one→once（once a week）；two→twice（易错：非 two times；twice a month）；three→three times（three times a year） 2.倍数表达（上海中考书面表达加分点）：twice as+形容词原级+as（This book is twice as thick as that one.）；three times as+原级+as 3.顺序（句首状语，必考）：first→First（首字母大写）；second→Second；third→Third（First, we need to... 书面表达句式） （四）上海中考小技巧 日期表达：June 1st（六月一日）、October 12th（十月十二日），序数词可缩写（1st/2nd/3rd/4th），首字母填空常考。 Part 3 上海中考英语词汇变形十大类型易错题 一、动词→名词（易错题） 1.We need to have a ______ (discuss) about the plan before making a decision. 2.His ______ (pronounce) of English words is very clear, so we all admire him. 3.The ______ (die) of the famous writer made many readers sad. 4.She sent an ______ (invite) to her classmates for her birthday party. 5.The ______ (pollute) of the river has been a serious problem for years. 6.He made a ______ (decide) to study abroad after finishing high school. 7.The ______ (appear) of the new technology changed people’s lives greatly. 8.Her ______ (succeed) in the exam made her parents very proud. 9.We should find a ______ (solve) to the environmental problem as soon as possible. 10.After a long ______ (argue) with his parents, he finally agreed to go to college. 【答案与解析】 1.discussion（易错：直接加 ment，忽略 discuss→discussion 变形；对应讲义 “动词→名词” 搭配考点） 2.pronunciation（易错：双写 n 或漏写 i；对应讲义 “拼写易错点”） 3.death（易错：写 die 或 dying，混淆动词/形容词/名词；对应讲义 “不规则变形”） 4.invitation（易错：去 e 加 tion，漏写 i；对应讲义 “动词→名词” 核心变形） 5.pollution（易错：写 pollute 或 pollutant，混淆动词/名词/污染物；对应讲义 “环保主题搭配”） 6.decision（易错：去 e 加 ision，漏写 s；对应讲义 “拼写易错点”） 7.appearance（易错：漏写 a 或错写为 appearence；对应讲义 “不可数名词用法”） 8.success（易错：写 successful，混淆名词/形容词；对应讲义 “动词→名词” 核心变形） 9.solution（易错：写 solve 或 solusion，漏写 t；对应讲义 “介词 to 搭配”） 10.argument（易错：直接加 ment，忽略去 e；对应讲义 “拼写易错点”） 二、名词→动词（易错题） 1.We should ______ (communication) with our parents more often to avoid misunderstandings. 2.The teacher ______ (information) us that the exam would be put off. 3.He ______ (introduction) his new friend to us at the party yesterday. 4.Doctors are trying to ______ (operation) on the sick child to save his life. 5.We must ______ (pollute) the environment no longer—let’s take action. 6.She ______ (agree) with my plan because she thought it was too risky. 7.He finally ______ (success) in passing the difficult exam after hard work. 8.We need to ______ (breath) fresh air every day to keep healthy. 9.Teachers often ______ (courage) students to face challenges bravely. 10.The two methods ______ (difference) greatly in cost and efficiency. 【答案与解析】 1.communicate（易错：保留名词后缀 tion，漏写 e；对应讲义 “名词→动词” 变形规则） 2.informed（易错：写 information 或 inform of 漏介词；对应讲义 “inform sb of sth 搭配”） 3.introduced（易错：保留名词后缀 tion，时态错；对应讲义 “动词搭配”） 4.operate（易错：保留名词后缀 tion，漏写 e；对应讲义 “operate on sb 搭配”） 5.not pollute（易错：写 pollution，混淆名词/动词；对应讲义 “环保主题”） 6.disagreed（易错：写 agree 或 disagree with 搭配错；对应讲义 “动词反义变形”） 7.succeeded（易错：写 success 或 succeed in 漏介词；对应讲义 “succeed in doing 搭配”） 8.breathe（易错：漏写 e，混淆 breath/breathe；对应讲义 “拼写易错点”） 9.encourage（易错：保留名词后缀 age，漏写 en；对应讲义 “encourage sb to do 搭配”） 10.differ（易错：写 different，混淆形容词/动词；对应讲义 “differ from 搭配”） 三、名词→形容词（易错题） 1.The ______ (wind) day made it hard for us to go out. 2.She is a ______ (friend) girl who gets along well with everyone. 3.He felt ______ (loneliness) when he moved to the new city alone. 4.The ______ (nation) flag is raised every morning in our school. 5.It’s ______ (danger) to cross the road when the traffic light is red. 6.The ______ (fun) story made all the children laugh loudly. 7.She is ______ (pride) of her son’s great achievements. 8.The ______ (silence) library requires us to speak softly. 9.We should protect the ______ (environment) resources for future generations. 10.He is a ______ (care) student, so he often makes mistakes in his homework. 【答案与解析】 1.windy（易错：写 windy 或 windy，漏写 y；对应讲义 “-y 后缀天气类”） 2.friendly（易错：写 friendfully，误把 friendly 当副词；对应讲义 “易混对比”） 3.lonely（易错：写 alone，混淆情感/状态；对应讲义 “易混对比”） 4.national（易错：写 nationnal，双写 n 错；对应讲义 “-al 后缀”） 5.dangerous（易错：写 danger 或 dangerious，漏写 o；对应讲义 “-ous 后缀”） 6.funny（易错：写 fun，混淆 fun/funny；对应讲义 “特殊变形”） 7.proud（易错：写 pride，混淆名词/形容词；对应讲义 “特殊变形”） 8.silent（易错：写 silence 或 silenty，漏写 t；对应讲义 “特殊变形”） 9.environmental（易错：写 environment 或 environmently；对应讲义 “环保主题”） 10.careless（易错：写 careless 或 careless，混淆 - ful/-less；对应讲义 “后缀辨析”） 四、动词→形容词（易错题） 1.The ______ (excite) news made all of us jump with joy. 2.She felt ______ (disappoint) when she didn’t get the expected gift. 3.The ______ (break) glass hurt his foot badly. 4.He is one of the most ______ (know) writers in China. 5.We found a ______ (lose) dog on the street and took it to the animal shelter. 6.The ______ (tire) trip made everyone feel exhausted. 7.The ______ (live) show attracted millions of viewers. 8.He is ______ (interest) in playing basketball and practices every day. 9.The ______ (fall) leaves in autumn are very beautiful. 10.The ______ (surprise) result of the exam shocked both teachers and students. 【答案与解析】 1.exciting（易错：写 excited，混淆修饰人/物；对应讲义 “-ed/-ing 区分”） 2.disappointed（易错：写 disappointing，混淆修饰人/物；对应讲义 “-ed/-ing 区分”） 3.broken（易错：写 break 或 breaking，混淆过去分词/现在分词；对应讲义 “特殊变形”） 4.well-known（易错：写 known 或 knowed，拼写错；对应讲义 “特殊变形”） 5.lost（易错：写 lose 或 losing，混淆动词/形容词；对应讲义 “特殊变形”） 6.tiring（易错：写 tired，混淆修饰人/物；对应讲义 “-ed/-ing 区分”） 7.lively（易错：写 alive，混淆表语/定语；对应讲义 “易混对比”） 8.interested（易错：写 interesting，混淆 be interested in 搭配；对应讲义 “-ed/-ing 区分”） 9.fallen（易错：写 fall 或 falling，混淆过去分词/现在分词；对应讲义 “特殊变形”） 10.surprising（易错：写 surprised，混淆修饰人/物；对应讲义 “-ed/-ing 区分”） 五、形容词→副词（易错题） 1.She sings very ______ (beautiful), so she won the singing competition. 2.He drives ______ (careful) on rainy days to avoid accidents. 3.The teacher explained the problem ______ (clear) so that everyone could understand. 4.He works ______ (hard) than his classmates, so he makes greater progress. 5.I ______ (hard) know him, so I can’t help you find him. 6.She answered the question ______ (polite) when the teacher asked her. 7.The rain is falling ______ (heavy), so we have to stay at home. 8.He finished his homework ______ (quick) and went out to play. 9.______ (lucky), he missed the bus and was late for school. 10.She speaks English ______ (fluent), so she can communicate with foreigners easily. 【答案与解析】 1.beautifully（易错：写 beautiful 或 beautifuly，多音节词变形；对应讲义 “规则变形”） 2.carefully（易错：写 careful 或 careless，混淆形容词/副词；对应讲义 “规则变形”） 3.clearly（易错：写 clear 或 clearer，去 e 加 ly；对应讲义 “拼写易错点”） 4.harder（易错：写 harder 或 more hard，副词比较级；对应讲义 “同形副词”） 5.hardly（易错：写 hard，混淆 hard/hardly；对应讲义 “易混副词辨析”） 6.politely（易错：写 polite 或 politeely，去 e 加 ly；对应讲义 “拼写易错点”） 7.heavily（易错：写 heavy 或 heavily，辅音+y 变 i；对应讲义 “规则变形”） 8.quickly（易错：写 quick 或 quickily，直接加 ly；对应讲义 “规则变形”） 9.Unluckily（易错：写 Luckily 或 unlucky，首字母大写；对应讲义 “句首状语”） 10.fluently（易错：写 fluent 或 fluentily，直接加 ly；对应讲义 “规则变形”） 六、形容词→名词（易错题） 1.We should care about the ______ (safe) of ourselves when we go out. 2.The ______ (important) of learning English can’t be ignored. 3.She has a lot of ______ (kind) and often helps people in need. 4.His ______ (honest) made him win the trust of his friends. 5.The ______ (different) between the two books is not very obvious. 6.We need to have ______ (patient) when we teach children. 7.The ______ (strong) of his body comes from regular exercise. 8.The ______ (happy) on her face showed that she was satisfied with the result. 9.He has great ______ (difficult) in solving this math problem. 10.The ______ (healthy) of the children is the most important thing for parents. 【答案与解析】 1.safety（易错：写 safe 或 safety，去 e 加 ty；对应讲义 “拼写易错点”） 2.importance（易错：写 important 或 importence，去 t 加 ce；对应讲义 “拼写易错点”） 3.kindness（易错：写 kind 或 kindness，直接加 ness；对应讲义 “后缀规则”） 4.honesty（易错：写 honest 或 honesty，直接加 y；对应讲义 “后缀规则”） 5.difference（易错：写 different 或 differance，去 t 加 ce；对应讲义 “拼写易错点”） 6.patience（易错：写 patient 或 patience，去 t 加 ce；对应讲义 “搭配考点”） 7.strength（易错：写 strong 或 strenght，去 ng 加 th；对应讲义 “拼写易错点”） 8.happiness（易错：写 happy 或 happyness，辅音+y 变 i；对应讲义 “后缀规则”） 9.difficulty（易错：写 difficult 或 difficulty，去 t 加 y；对应讲义 “have difficulty doing 搭配”） 10.health（易错：写 healthy 或 healthyness，去 y 变 i 加 th；对应讲义 “拼写易错点”） 七、形容词→反义词（易错题） 1.The task is not ______ (easy); it’s quite difficult for us. 2.He is an ______ (honest) boy who often tells lies. 3.The movie is ______ (interesting); I fell asleep halfway. 4.It’s ______ (fair) to blame him for the mistake—he didn’t do it. 5.The water is ______ (clean); we can’t drink it directly. 6.She is ______ (polite) to her teachers, so no one likes her. 7.The plan is ______ (possible) to carry out because we don’t have enough money. 8.He is ______ (patient) and can’t wait for anyone. 9.The food is ______ (good); we should throw it away. 10.The weather is ______ (usual) today—it’s snowing in June. 【答案与解析】 1.easy（易错：写 uneasy，混淆反义；对应讲义 “无前缀直接变形”） 2.dishonest（易错：写 unhonest，前缀错；对应讲义 “dis - 前缀”） 3.boring（易错：写 uninteresting，反义表达错；对应讲义 “易混对比”） 4.unfair（易错：写 unfair，前缀 un-；对应讲义 “un - 前缀”） 5.dirty（易错：写 unclean，反义表达错；对应讲义 “无前缀直接变形”） 6.impolite（易错：写 unpolite，前缀错；对应讲义 “im - 前缀”） 7.impossible（易错：写 unpossible，前缀错；对应讲义 “im - 前缀”） 8.impatient（易错：写 unpatient，前缀错；对应讲义 “im - 前缀”） 9.bad（易错：写 not good，反义表达错；对应讲义 “无前缀直接变形”） 10.unusual（易错：写 unusual，前缀 un-；对应讲义 “un - 前缀”） 八、动词→反义词（易错题） 1.He ______ (agree) with my opinion because he had a different idea. 2.She ______ (like) eating spicy food, so she never orders it. 3.The door is locked; can you ______ (lock) it for me? 4.He ______ (obey) the school rules and was punished by the teacher. 5.The sun ______ (rise) in the west and sets in the east. 6.She ______ (accept) the invitation because she was too busy. 7.He ______ (remember) to bring his homework, so he had to go back home. 8.The magician ______ (appear) suddenly and surprised everyone. 9.I ______ (borrow) a book from the library and returned it yesterday. 10.She ______ (encourage) him to give up smoking, but he didn’t listen. 【答案与解析】 1.disagreed（易错：写 unagree，前缀错；对应讲义 “dis - 前缀”） 2.dislikes（易错：写 unlike，混淆动词/介词；对应讲义 “dis - 前缀”） 3.unlock（易错：写 open，混淆动作；对应讲义 “un - 前缀逆转动作”） 4.disobeyed（易错：写 unobey，前缀错；对应讲义 “dis - 前缀”） 5.rises（易错：写 falls，反义错；对应讲义 “不规则反义”） 6.refused（易错：写 unaccept，反义表达错；对应讲义 “不规则反义”） 7.forgot（易错：写 didn’t remember，反义表达错；对应讲义 “不规则反义”） 8.disappeared（易错：写 unappear，前缀错；对应讲义 “dis - 前缀”） 9.borrowed（易错：写 lent，混淆搭配；对应讲义 “borrow/lend 搭配”） 10.discouraged（易错：写 unencourage，前缀错；对应讲义 “discourage from doing 搭配”） 九、副词→反义词（易错题） 1.He runs ______ (fast); he is the slowest in the class. 2.She speaks ______ (loudly); everyone can hear her clearly. 3.He has ______ (ever) been to Beijing—this is his first time. 4.The meeting hasn’t started ______ (already); we still have time. 5.She sings ______ (well); her voice is terrible. 6.He arrived ______ (early) for the meeting and was 30 minutes late. 7.The news spread ______ (widely); only a few people know it. 8.He ______ (hardly) works—he is always busy with his job. 9.She answered the question ______ (politely); her words hurt others. 10.He drives ______ (carefully); he often has accidents. 【答案与解析】 1.slowly（易错：写 not fast，反义表达错；对应讲义 “无前缀直接变形”） 2.loudly（易错：写 quietly，反义错；对应讲义 “前缀变形”） 3.never（易错：写 not ever，反义表达错；对应讲义 “无前缀直接变形”） 4.yet（易错：写 still，混淆 already/yet；对应讲义 “易混副词辨析”） 5.badly（易错：写 not well，反义表达错；对应讲义 “无前缀直接变形”） 6.late（易错：写 not early，反义表达错；对应讲义 “无前缀直接变形”） 7.narrowly（易错：写 not widely，反义表达错；对应讲义 “前缀变形”） 8.hard（易错：写 hardly，混淆 hard/hardly；对应讲义 “易混副词辨析”） 9.impolitely（易错：写 unpolitely，前缀错；对应讲义 “im - 前缀”） 10.carelessly（易错：写 not carefully，反义表达错；对应讲义 “前缀变形”） 十、数词→相关词性变形（易错题） 1.Today is my brother’s ______ (twelve) birthday. 2.This is the ______ (three) time I’ve seen this movie. 3.He is a ______ (ten-year-old) boy who can play the piano very well. 4.She goes to the gym ______ (two) a week to keep fit. 5.The building is ______ (two) as tall as that one. 6.______ (one), we need to prepare the materials; second, we should make a plan. 7.He got the ______ (five) place in the English competition. 8.There are ______ (forty) students in our class. 9.This book is ______ (three) times thicker than the one I read before. 10.The ______ (twenty) of December is my mother’s birthday. 【答案与解析】 1.twelfth（易错：写 twelve 或 twelveth，拼写错；对应讲义 “基数词→序数词”） 2.third（易错：写 three 或 threeth，拼写错；对应讲义 “基数词→序数词”） 3.ten-year-old（易错：写 ten-years-old，复数错；对应讲义 “复合形容词”） 4.twice（易错：写 two times，表达错；对应讲义 “数词→副词”） 5.twice（易错：写 two，倍数表达错；对应讲义 “倍数表达”） 6.First（易错：写 One，首字母小写；对应讲义 “句首状语”） 7.fifth（易错：写 five 或 fiveth，拼写错；对应讲义 “基数词→序数词”） 8.forty（易错：写 fourty，拼写错；对应讲义 “基数词拼写”） 9.three（易错：写 third，倍数表达错；对应讲义 “倍数表达”） 10.twentieth（易错：写 twenty 或 twentyth，拼写错；对应讲义 “基数词→序数词”） 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2/18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $