内容正文:
2025-2026学年冀教版初中英语八年级下册
Unit 2 Safety
知识点清单
· 重点语句
1. These activities helped us understand how to stay calm and make right choices in different situations.
这些活动帮助我们学会了如何在不同情境下保持冷静、做出正确选择。
【知识点1】help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
【解析】help 后接“宾语 + 动词原形”,不定式符号 to 可以省略。
【例句】
①My friend helped me (to) carry the heavy bag.
我的朋友帮我搬了这个重袋子。
②The teacher helped us (to) finish the group project.
老师帮我们完成了小组项目。
③She helped me (to) clean the room.
她帮我打扫房间。
【拓展搭配】
①help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人
Can you help me with my math?
你能帮我学数学吗?
②help oneself to… 随便吃/喝……
Help yourself to some fruit.
随便吃点水果吧。
③can’t help doing sth. 忍不住做某事
I couldn’t help laughing.
我忍不住笑了。
【知识点2】“疑问词 + 不定式”(how to do)
【解析】how to stay calm 是“疑问词 + 不定式”结构,在句中作 understand 的宾语。该结构可转换为宾语从句,转换时需加主语、变陈述语序、去掉不定式符号 to 并调整动词形式。
【例句】
①She doesn’t know how to use the new phone.
她不知道怎么用这部新手机。
②Can you tell me where to buy this book?
你能告诉我哪里能买到这本书吗?
【转换示例】
①I don’t know how to use this new phone.
I don’t know how I can use this new phone.
我不知道怎么用这部新手机。
②Can you tell me where to buy the book?
Can you tell me where I can buy the book?
你能告诉我哪里能买到这本书吗?
2. She said that if there is an earthquake, we should stay calm, find the nearest way to go outside, and never use lifts.
她表示,如果发生地震,我们应该保持冷静,找到最近的外出通道,并且绝不要使用电梯。
【知识点1】that 引导宾语从句
【解析】that 是宾语从句的引导词,用于连接主句和从句,无实际意义,口语中可省略;宾语从句需用陈述语序。
【例句】
①He told me (that) he would come to the party.
他告诉我他会来参加派对。
②My teacher said (that) we need to finish the homework by Friday.
我的老师说我们需要在周五前完成作业。
【知识点2】if 引导条件状语从句
【解析】if 作连词,此处表示“如果”,引导条件状语从句,说明主句动作发生的前提;时态遵循“主将从现”原则,即 if 引导的从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时,也可不用 will,改用 should/can/must 等情态动词。
【例句】
①If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。
②If you meet a stranger, you shouldn’t tell him your address.
如果你遇到陌生人,不应该告诉他你的住址。
③If you see a fire, you must call 119 at once.
如果你看到火灾,必须立刻打119。
3. I was riding my bike by the river, thinking about yesterday’s volleyball game.
我当时正沿着河边骑自行车,想着昨天的排球比赛。
【知识点1】think about 考虑,打算(做某事)
【解析】think about 表示“考虑,打算(做某事)”时,可与 think of 互换;还可表示“考虑到;关心”。
【例句】
①She’s thinking about/of changing her job.
她在考虑换工作。
②Don’t you ever think about other people?
难道你就从来没有考虑过别人?
【知识点2】现在分词作伴随状语
【解析】thinking about … 是现在分词短语作伴随状语,表示主句动作发生时同时在做的事;伴随状语的动作和主句动作需同时发生、主语相同,动词 ing 形式表示主动或正在进行。
【例句】
①She sat under the tree, reading a book.
她坐在树下,(同时)看书。
②They talked and laughed, enjoying the evening.
他们边说边笑,(同时)享受着夜晚。
4. Telling a trusted teacher is also important, especially if a bad person is threatening you.
告诉一位值得信任的老师也是很重要的,尤其是当有坏人在威胁你的时候。
【知识点1】动名词(doing)作主语
【解析】动词原形不能作主语,必须变成 ing 形式(动名词);因为主语是一个动作(一件事),所以谓语动词要用单数。
【例句】
①Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.
躺在床上看书对眼睛不好。
②Helping others makes us happy.
帮助别人让我们感到快乐。
③Eating too much is bad for your health.
吃太多对你的健康有害。
【知识点2】过去分词(done)作定语
【解析】过去分词在此相当于形容词,修饰名词,表示被动(被……)或完成(已经……)。
【例句】
①a broken window 一扇被打破的窗户 → 一扇破窗户
This is a broken cup.
这是一个破杯子。
②a closed door 一扇被关上的门 → 一扇关着的门
He is a loved father.
他是一位受爱戴的父亲。
· 语法
(一)过去进行时
1. 定义:过去进行时是英语中描述过去某个特定时刻或时段正在发生或持续进行的动作或状态的时态,它强调动作在过去的“进行性”和“未完成性”。
2. 时间状语:常用的时间状语有 this morning、the whole morning、at nine/eight/… o’clock yesterday morning、when、while、at that time、all day yesterday 等。
3. 结构
(1)谓语结构
be 动词 (was/were) + 动词现在分词 (v.-ing)
【例句】
① At 8 o’clock last night, I was watching TV.
昨晚 8 点,我正在看电视。
② All last week, they were building a new house.
整个上周,他们都在盖新房子。
(2)句式结构
|陈述句
肯定句:主语 + was/were + v.-ing + 其他
否定句:主语 + was/were not + v.-ing + 其他
一般疑问句
疑问部分:Was/Were + 主语 + v.-ing + 其他?
肯定答语:Yes, 主语 + was/were.
否定答语:No, 主语 + was/were not.
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + v.-ing?
【例句转换】
原句:I was reading a book at 8 o’clock last night.
否定句:I was not reading a book at 8 o’clock last night.
一般疑问句:Were you reading a book at 8 o’clock last night?
肯定答语:Yes, I was.
否定答语:No, I wasn’t.
特殊疑问句:What were you doing at 8 o’clock last night? / Who was reading a book at 8 o’clock last night?
4. 用法
(1)表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作
【例句】
① The students were listening to the teacher carefully at 9:30 in the morning.
上午九点半学生们正在认真听老师讲课。
② At 7:00 yesterday, I was doing morning exercises.
昨天 7 点,我正在做早操。
(2)表示过去某一时间段内正在进行的动作
【例句】
① I was cleaning my room from 2 to 4 p.m. yesterday.
昨天下午 2 点到 4 点我一直在打扫我的房间。
② From 9 to 11 this morning, they were having a meeting.
今天上午 9 点到 11 点,他们正在开会。
(3)描述过去两个同时发生的动作(通常时间较长)
表示在过去一段时间内,两个动作同时在进行。
【例句】
① While I was cooking dinner, my husband was setting the table.
我在做晚饭的时候,我丈夫在摆餐具。
② The children were watching TV while their parents were talking.
孩子们在看电视,而他们的父母在谈话。
③ As the sun was setting, we were walking along the beach.
夕阳西下时,我们正沿着海滩散步。
(4)描述一个过去持续的动作被另一个过去的动作打断
一个较长、持续进行的动作(用过去进行时)被一个较短、突然发生的动作(用一般过去时)打断,常用连接词:when, while, as。
【例句】
① I was watching TV when the power went out.
我正在看电视,突然停电了。
② While we were having a picnic, it started to rain.
我们正在野餐时,天开始下雨了。
③ She was sleeping when the alarm rang.
她正在睡觉,闹钟响了。
④ While he was walking on the street, a bicycle hit him.
他正走在街上,一辆自行车撞到他了。
(5)为故事或描述提供背景氛围
在叙述过去发生的事情时,用过去进行时描绘当时的场景、背景或正在持续的状态,为主事件的发生设定舞台。
【例句】
It was raining heavily. The wind was blowing hard. We were sitting by the fire, telling stories.
雨下得很大。风刮得很猛。我们围坐在炉火旁讲故事。
(6)表示过去暂时的行为或习惯(常带感情色彩)
描述过去一段时间内反复发生但可能令人烦恼或意外的行为,常与频率副词如 always, constantly, forever 连用。
【例句】
My little brother was always interrupting me when I was studying.
我弟弟以前总是在我学习的时候打扰我。
(7)过去进行时与一般过去时区分
- 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行或发生的动作,强调动作正在进行;
- 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,多指动作已经完成。
【例句】
① I was watching TV this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候我正在看电视。(强调过去这个时间正在看电视)
② I watched TV yesterday.
我昨天看了电视。(强调昨天看电视,已经看完)
5. 注意:when 与 while 的用法比较
- when 所引导的时间状语既可以指时间点,也可以指时间段,从句动词可为终止性或延续性;
- while 所引导的时间状语只指时间段,从句动词必为延续性。
【例句】
① She was walking on the street when a car stopped beside her.
她正走在街上,一辆车在她旁边停下了。
② When I was cleaning the house, my friend came.
我打扫房子期间,朋友来了。
③ While we were watching TV, the power went out.
我们看电视期间,停电了。
④ While they were hiking, it started to rain.
他们徒步旅行期间,开始下雨了。
- when 引导时间状语从句时,主句用过去进行时、从句用一般过去时,可体现一个动作进行中另一动作突然发生,突出后者的突然性。
【例句】
She was walking when a dog ran to her.
她正走路,一条狗突然朝她跑来。
(用 while 表达:While she was walking, a dog ran to her. 只表明事实,不强调突然性)
当主句和从句的动作都是延续的或同时发生的,两句都用过去进行时的时候,多用 while 引导。
【例句】
① While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.
他边等车边看报纸。
② While Tom was playing the guitar, his sister was dancing to the music.
汤姆弹吉他时,他妹妹跟着音乐跳舞。
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