Unit 1 Career talks 语法讲义-被动语态（一）2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册

本讲义聚焦初中英语被动语态（一般现在时和一般将来时）核心知识点，从教材原句切入，系统梳理被动语态的定义、使用情境（不知执行者、不必指出执行者、强调承受者）、基本结构（be+过去分词，be随人称和时态变化），并通过主动变被动转换方法搭建学习支架，再分时态详解肯定句、否定句、疑问句及特问句结构，形成从概念到应用的完整学习链。 该资料以语言能力培养为核心，通过教材原句与生活实例结合，帮助学生理解被动语态的意义与用法，提升语言表达准确性。设计上注重思维品质训练，如主动变被动转换步骤拆解，培养分析与推断能力，同时分层练习（填空、句型转换、单选、翻译）兼顾课中教学与课后巩固，助力学生查漏补缺，符合学习能力发展需求，是实用性强的语法教学资源。

U1 Career talks语法讲义—被动语态(一) 教材原句 I'm reminded of some other friends I met through the glass. 我还记得其他隔着玻璃相识的朋友们。 All my days up high in the air will be kept in my memory. 有高空中的岁月,都将珍藏在我的记忆里。 语法要点 以上两个句子分别使用了“be+动词过去分词”和“will+be+动词过去分词”结构,句子的主语I和all my days(up high in the air)分别是remind和keep这两个动作的承受者,也就是说“我被提醒想起......”“我所有高空中的岁月将被珍藏....”,这是被动语态的用法;其中第一句是一般现在时的被动语态,第二句是一般将来时的被动语态。 语法讲解 1. 什么是被动语态? (1) 语态分类 主动语态:I teach English. 我教英语。 主语是动作的 。(把字句) 被动语态:English is taught by me.英语被我教授。主语是动作的 。(被字句) (2) 定义 被动语态用来强调动作的结果或影响,其主语是动作的承受者,而非执行者。 所谓被动语态,相当于汉语中常说的“被...”“由...”句式。 例:他的自行车被偷了。 这部手机是由中国制造的。 2. 什么情况下用被动语态? 1. 不知道动作的执行者 eg:The door is locked. 2. 没必要指出动作的执行者 eg:The classroom is cleaned every morning. 3. 强调动作的承受者 eg:Robert is invited to give a speech. 3. 被动语态的基本结构 be+done (助动词be有 的变化) (done指的是 ) 助动词be会随着人称和时态的不同而发生相应的变化。被动语态的时态是由be动词的形式体现的,be动词是什么时态,全句就是什么时态,后面的动词过去分词形式不变。 主动变被动 eg:He cleans the bedroom everyday. 主 谓 宾 其他 The bedroom is cleaned by him everyday. 主 谓(be done) 宾 其他 eg:We speak Chinese in China. 注意:在被动句中,如果需要说明动作是谁做的,用 by +执行者。 如果执行者不重要、不明确或众所周知,可以省略。 4. 一般现在时的被动语态 Eg1. I’m reminded of some other friends I met through the glass. 2. The sweet watermelon is always remembered by him 3. The windows are cleaned by the "spidermen" safely. 一般现在时 句子结构 例句 肯定句 A welcome party is held every September to welcome new students. 每年9月会举办一场迎新晚会欢迎新同学。 否定句 Window cleaning is not always considered a good job.擦窗户并不总被认为是份好差事。 疑问句 Is lunch served from 12 o'clock? Yes, it is.午餐是从12点开始供应吗? 特问句 How often are these flowers watered? 这些花多久浇一次水? 【练一练】 .用括号内所给词的正确的形式填空。 1. English_(use) as a foreign language in our country. 2. Flowers _(grow) in the park. 3. He _ (not allow) to go out with his friends on weekends. 4. When _ they _ (invite) to come here? 5. Most of the earth’s surface _(cover) by water. 6. The classroom _ (clean) by the students every day. .句型转换。 1.I wash dishes every day. (改为被动语态) _ _ _ _ _ every day. 2. Most of the farm work is done by machine in China today.(改为一般疑问句) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in China today? 3. The jacket is made of cotton. (改为否定句) The jacket _ _ _ cotton. 4. French and English are spoken in Canada.(对画线部分提问) _ _ _ _ in Canada? 5. 一般将来时的被动语态 Eg1. All my days up high in the air will be kept in my memory. 2.Robert’s speech is going to be put on the internet. 一般将来时 句子结构 例句 肯定句 A new library is going to be built next year. 一座新的图书馆预计将在明年建成。 否定句 The old building will not be knocked down soon. 这座旧建筑短期内不会被拆除。 疑问句 Will the journey be filled with both challenges and joys? 这段旅程会充满挑战和喜悦吗? 特问句 When is the project going to be completed?这个项目什么时候能完成? 【练一练】 . 单选。 1. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose 2. The foreign friends _a warm welcome at the meeting tomorrow. A. will give B.is going to give C. are given D. will be given 3. The problem _ at the meeting. A.is discussing B. will discuss C. is going to be discussed D.is going to discuss 4. The new play _ next week. A. put on B. was put on C. will put on D. will be put on .用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.-Look! What a nice garden! -Yes, it_(clean)every day. 2. A new bridge_(build) over the river next year. 3. The dishes _ (wash) by my brother every evening. 4. I'm sure the lost keys _ (find) soon. 5. Robert’s spirit of hard work _ (not, forget) by us in the future. 6. What _be _(buy) for the party next time? 六. 语法小结 时态/语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 一般将来时 书P7 练习6,7 语法专练 一.单选 1. Many trees _ every year to make our city greener. A. plant B. are planted C. planted D. will plant 2. A new sports center _ in our town next year. A. builds B. is built C. will be built D. will build 3. English _ widely all over the world. A. speaks B. is spoken C. are spoken D. spoke 4. These magazines _ out of the reading room. A. mustn’t take B. mustn’t be taken C. mustn’t took D. mustn’t be took 5. The 30th Olympic Games _ in London in 2012. A. held B. is held C. was held D. will be held 6. Driving after drinking wine _ in China. A. allows B. doesn’t allow C. is allowed D. isn’t allowed 7. If more trees _, our city will be more and more beautiful. A. plant B. planted C. are planted D. were planted 8. I_TV on Sunday. But on weekdays I can’t. A. am allowed watch B. am allowed to watch C. allow watch D. allow to watch 9. The kitchen is cleaned _ my mother every morning. A. by B. with C. for D. at 10. They _ books and school things in the store. A. sell B. is sold C. are sold D. to sell 二.用所给词适当形式填空 1. English (speak) in many countries around the world. 2. Anew bridge (build) in our town next year. 3. Our classroom (clean) every day. 4. These books (read) by many students every year. 5. The invitations (send) to the guests next Monday. 6. A lot of food (sell) at the supermarket every day. 三.根据汉语意思,补全句子 1. 我希望有一天我的绘画作品会在美术馆展出。 I hope one day my art works _ _ _ in the art gallery 2.该地区出产了全球超过 60% 的茉莉花,因此它被誉为“世界茉莉花之都”。 This area produces over 60% of the world’s jasmine, so it _ _ the “ jasmine capital of the world ”. 3. 明年广州将会使用更多智能出租车。 More smart taxis _ _ _ in Guangzhou next year. 4.广州的公园每年都种很多树。 Every year, a lot of trees _ _ in the parks in Guangzhou. 5.有时塑料瓶和瓶盖会被误认为是真正的贝壳。 Sometimes plastic bottles and caps _ _ (mistake) for real shells. 4. 翻译句子 1. People play football all over the world. 2. The old man waters the flowers every day. 3. The postman brings letters and postcards to people's homes. 4. 这本书是鲁迅写的。 5. 明年这里将建一座新图书馆。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $