专题01 Units 4-5（词汇综合练）英语人教版必修第三册

专题01 Units 4~5（词汇综合练） （建议用时：30分钟） 一、将以下单词与英文释义配对 二、根据汉语意思写出单词的正确形式 三、根据首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 四、单句语法填空 五、完成句子 六、语篇语法填空 七、应用文写作 一、将以下单词与英文释义配对 1. agency ·A. To follow or chase something in order to achieve it. B. An organization or department that provides a particular service. C. To move or send something from one place or person to another. D. The curved path that a planet, satellite, or spacecraft follows around another object in space. E. To pause or delay before doing something because of uncertainty or reluctance. F. Having a strong will and firm decision to achieve something. 2. determined · 3. orbit · 4. transmit · 5. hesitate · 6. pursue · 二、根据汉语意思写出单词的正确形式 1．I am (决心) to go hiking and nothing will stop me. 2．Neighbors will come to my house to   (提醒) me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. 3．People had to rely on the (有限的) public water resources. 4．I failed in my attempt to (劝说) her. 5．The two athletes are training hard to (竞争) for the gold medal. 6．She was   (失望的) to find that they had already left. 7．Please don’t (忽视) the warning signs.   8．Could you (推荐) a good dictionary for high school students? 9．Last week a tennis ball hit me on the head, but I (忽视) the pain. 10．A soccer player should not (假装) to fall down even if it helps his team. 11．When Mr Zhang taught, he would (分配，分派) a topic to us that we would write about. 12．We can always (依赖) on our parents and friends when we are in trouble. 13．People should (联系) theory with practice when doing work.(根据汉语提示单词拼写) 14．I would (感激) it if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. 15．“No country can (繁荣) when half its people are left behind,” she said. 三、根据首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1．The natural resources are so l that we have no reason to waste them. 2．She gave me a d look — the kind showing she wouldn’t give up even if she failed. 3．Due to l resources, the team had to prioritize the most urgent tasks first. (not great in amount) 4．It’s important to exercise r to stay healthy, strong, and energetic every single day. 5．What’s more, they should keep r hours and get plenty of exercise to stay energetic and fit. 6．When you feel angry about something, take a few deep breaths to c down — this helps you avoid making impulsive mistakes. 7．It is beyond a that a well-educated workforce, is important for a nation’s sustainable development. 8．As a senior high school student, you should learn to solve problems i instead of always relying on teachers’ immediate help. 9．He is so stubborn that you cannot c him of the reality of the danger. 10．Proper communication can n the gap between parents and children. 11．The postmen work long hours everyday, and they have to d the goods in all weather conditions. 12．The game was p because of the bad weather, which made the students disappointed. 13．Due to the sudden storm, we had to p the outdoor concert until next weekend. 14．Doctors have to constantly update their knowledge in order to m their professional skills. 15．When travelling to other countries, we should o local customs and traditions to show respect for different cultures. 四、单句语法填空 1．The two countries signed an agreement to     (strong) economic and cultural ties. 2．To prevent credit ruin from happening again, Fagan started a personal blog (track) her budget. 3．“My route is not always to famous tourist landmarks,” says the explorer, who likes to visit grassroots areas (find) real life. 4．He hurried home only (tell) his uncle had left. 5． (win) the gold medal, he was busy training hard. 6．He was the first (rush) out of the burning flat. 7．My company was the first (produce) this kind of computers. 8．By 1980, we     (plant) five thousand trees along the road. 9．If you have enough energy, take a walk after climbing up the hill. 10．Children be taught to respect the old and care for those younger than them. 11．We be home by 5 o’clock. 12．Churchill warned Hitler, “If you dare invade Britain, you pay for it with great cost.” 13．Everyone be seated until the plane has come to a complete stop. 14．Tom’s mother was ill, so he (have to) stay home and look after her. 15．— What do you think we can do for our children? — You do anything except to be with them as much as possible. 五、完成句子 1．他对老板生气地喊道：“付给我薪水，否则我会揍扁你。” “Pay me the money for my work, I’ll beat you flat,” he shouted angrily at the boss. 2．为了改变我糟糕的饮食习惯并恢复体型，我得先改变关于减肥的错误想法。 In order to change my bad eating habits and , I had to first change my mistaken idea about losing weight. 3．我是来通知你即将到来的采摘葡萄的户外活动的。(不定式作目的状语) I’m here     of picking grapes. 4．只要我愿意，它就提供了一个机会，让我在身体上或精神上变得更好。(不定式作定语) As long as I wish, it offers the chance . 5．所以，从第二天起，他放下锄头，坐在树桩前，等待另一只兔子被杀死。(现在分词作伴随状语) So, from the next day on, he put down his hoe and sat in front of the stump, . 6．要么你买的东西太重，搬不回家，要么你买的东西尽管还新鲜，但不能用了。（too... to...） Either your shopping is or you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh. 7．争论中，他站在同事一边。 During the argument, he sided his colleagues. 8．虽然我能很好地理解他们，也很欣赏他们对学习的投入，但他们只是忽视了体育发挥的重要作用。（while引导让步状语从句） and appreciate their devotion to their studies a lot, they just lose sight of the important role sports play. 9．如果你一定要知道的话，我是在一家二手书书店买的这本书。 I picked up the book from a second-hand bookshop if you . 10．像珍妮这么好的一个人竟然会丢掉工作，真是太不公平了。 It is unfair that so nice a person as Jenny her job. 11．尽管露西是个可爱的女孩，但是有些时候她很难相处。 Despite the fact that Lucy is a lovely girl, she extremely difficult to get along with sometimes. Tom hung his head and said nothing, . He . 13．既然你已经做了充足的准备，那么通过道路考试应该不会有困难。 Now that you have made thorough preparations, there the road test. 14．我祖母八十多岁身体仍很健朗，看书不需要眼镜。 My grandma is well over eighty, and she . 15．如果你非要抽烟，至少你应该用个烟灰缸。 If you , at least you could use an ashtray. 六、语篇语法填空 A （22-23高二上·重庆·月考）Food and nutrition have 1 (great) influenced space exploration missions. With the development of technology, attention is now being paid more to 2 (prepare) food for the microgravity environment, taking into account 3 (factor) like nutrient density (密度), shelf life, challenges, and applications. Space food products should be designed 4 (meet) the balanced nutritional requirements, and it is 5 great significance to provide humans with an adequate supply of fresh food to meet their nutritional needs, so there will be 6 (few) health risks connected with mental stress, microgravity, and radiation exposure from space. For short-term space missions, astronauts’ food could 7 (bring) from earth. Still, for long-term space missions to the Moon, Mars, and other distant missions, 8 are the current research destinations, astronauts must find a way to eat, such as by growing plants 9 finding other means of survival. Scientists and researchers are also attempting to develop novel food production technologies and space foods like 3D printing and space farming for 10 long-term space mission. B （2025·陕西咸阳·二模）Three Chinese astronauts have safely returned to Earth in the recently 1 (launch) Shenzhou-21 spacecraft after their own spacecraft was declared unsafe. The three crew members were 2 (initial) scheduled to return to Earth on Nov.5, but their journey home 3 (postpone) “due to a suspected impact from tiny space debris (碎片)” to their ship. Their return was delayed for nine days, and their 204-day stay in space was the 4 (long) for any astronaut at China’s space station. After a nine-day wait, they finally headed home on the Shenzhou-21 spacecraft 5 transported the incoming crew, according to the China Manned Space Agency. “Medical teams found that the astronauts were 6 good physical condition,” Chinese state media outlet CCTV reported. “The path of humanity’s 7 (explore) of space is not smooth,” Chen Dong, one of the astronauts, told journalists after emerging from the capsule. “It’s filled with difficulties and challenges. But that is exactly why we choose to walk this path.” “I’m very proud that we successfully completed the mission. We have finally made 8 home safely.” The damaged Shenzhou-20 ship had “a slight crack” in the window of its return capsule, likely caused by debris impact, 9 (make) it unsafe for the crew to return in. “The ship will stay in orbit to carry out 10 (experiment) instead,” the agency said. C （2026高三·全国·专题练习）It was too late at night when an old man 1 (come) to a small town. He found a small hotel and wanted 2 (stay) there for the night. After he went into 3 (he) room, the owner said to his wife, “Look at his bag, in 4 there must be much money. Let’s take it away when he is asleep, shall we?” “No, no,” said the woman. “He must look 5 his bag tomorrow morning. If he can’t find it, he’ll telephone the police.” They thought for a few 6 (minute). Then the woman had an idea, “We have forgetful grass. Why not put some into his food? If he has the food, he will forget to take his bag away.” After 7 (have) the food with the forgetful grass, the old man went to bed. The next morning, when the owner got up, he found the door open, and the man had left with the bag. He was angry and woke his wife up, “What 8 fool! Your forgetful grass isn’t 9 (use) at all.” “No, I don’t think so. He must forget something,” she said. “Oh! I remember now!” cried out the man 10 (sudden). “He forgot to pay for the night!” 七、应用文写作 （25-26高一上·广东揭阳·月考）假如你是李华，一名大学生，你认为兼职工作既可以提升个人能力，也可以缓解经济压力，所以想利用寒假时间做兼职。但你的父母出于安全考虑，不同意你兼职。请给你的美国好友Mary 写信求助。要点包括： 1.苦恼的问题； 2.你和父母所持的不同观点及理由； 3.你想得到的帮助。 参考词汇： 做兼职工作 take a part-time job 与不同的人进行沟通communicate with different people 缓解家庭的经济压力 ease the family’s financial pressure 工作时的安全问题 the security in work 注意： 1.文中不得出现考生个人真实信息；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.词数80左右。 Dear Mary, I hope this letter finds you well. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 Units 4~5（词汇综合练） （建议用时：30分钟） 一、将以下单词与英文释义配对 二、根据汉语意思写出单词的正确形式 三、根据首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 四、单句语法填空 五、完成句子 六、语篇语法填空 七、应用文写作 一、将以下单词与英文释义配对 1. agency ·A. To follow or chase something in order to achieve it. B. An organization or department that provides a particular service. C. To move or send something from one place or person to another. D. The curved path that a planet, satellite, or spacecraft follows around another object in space. E. To pause or delay before doing something because of uncertainty or reluctance. F. Having a strong will and firm decision to achieve something. 2. determined · 3. orbit · 4. transmit · 5. hesitate · 6. pursue · 【答案】1.B 2.F 3.D 4.C 5.E 6.A 二、根据汉语意思写出单词的正确形式 1．I am (决心) to go hiking and nothing will stop me. 【答案】determined 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我已下定决心去远足，没有什么能阻止我。此处应用形容词作表语，“决心”为形容词determined，故填determined。 2．Neighbors will come to my house to   (提醒) me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. 【答案】remind 【详解】考查动词。句意：要下雨时邻居们会来我家提醒我关上车窗。“提醒”用动词remind，用动词原形构成不定式to remind作目的状语。故填remind。 3．People had to rely on the (有限的) public water resources. 【答案】limited 【详解】考查形容词。句意：人们不得不依赖有限的公共水资源。根据汉语提示“有限的”可知，此处应用形容词limited作定语修饰名词短语public water resources。故填limited。 4．I failed in my attempt to (劝说) her. 【答案】persuade 【详解】考查动词。句意：我没能说服她。表示“劝说”用动词persuade，用其原形和to构成不定式，作attempt的后置定语。故填persuade。 5．The two athletes are training hard to (竞争) for the gold medal. 【答案】compete 【详解】考查动词。句意：两位运动员正在刻苦训练，为了争夺金牌而竞争。根据汉语提示“竞争”可知，应填动词compete，与不定式符号to搭配在句中作目的状语。故填compete。 6．She was   (失望的) to find that they had already left. 【答案】disappointed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她发现他们已经走了，感到很失望。空格处用形容词作表语，修饰主语she，“失望”用形容词disappointed。故填disappointed。 7．Please don’t (忽视) the warning signs.   【答案】ignore 【详解】考查动词。句意：请不要忽视这些警告标志。“忽视”在句中作谓语，用动词ignore，这是一个否定祈使句，在助动词don’t后用原形。故填ignore。 8．Could you (推荐) a good dictionary for high school students? 【答案】recommend 【详解】考查动词。句意：你能给高中生推荐一本好词典吗？根据汉语提示“推荐”可知，此处为动词recommend，情态动词Could后需用动词原形。故填recommend。 9．Last week a tennis ball hit me on the head, but I (忽视) the pain. 【答案】ignored 【详解】考查动词。句意：上周一个网球砸到了我的头，但我忽略了那份疼痛。根据汉语提示“忽视”可知，此处为动词ignore，结合时间状语Last week可知，使用一般过去时。故填ignored。 10．A soccer player should not (假装) to fall down even if it helps his team. 【答案】pretend 【详解】考查动词。句意：即使有助于球队，足球运动员也不应该假装摔倒。根据汉语提示“假装”，以及上文情态动词 should not 可知此处应填动词原形pretend。故填 pretend。 11．When Mr Zhang taught, he would (分配，分派) a topic to us that we would write about. 【答案】assign 【详解】考查动词。句意：张老师教书的时候，会给我们分配一个话题让我们写作。根据汉语提示“分配，分派”可知，此处为动词assign，情态动词would后接动词原形。故填assign。 12．We can always (依赖) on our parents and friends when we are in trouble. 【答案】rely 【详解】考查动词。句意：当我们遇到困难时，我们总是可以依靠我们的父母和朋友。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空处应填动词rely“依赖”，情态动词can后接动词原形，rely on“依赖，依靠”为固定短语。故填rely。 13．People should (联系) theory with practice when doing work.(根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】connect 【详解】考查动词。句意：人们在工作时应该把理论和实践联系起来。情态动词should后接动词原形，根据汉语提示“联系”可知，此处为connect，“connect...with...”意为“把……和……联系起来”。故填connect。 14．I would (感激) it if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. 【答案】appreciate 【详解】考查动词。句意：如果你愿意教我如何使用电脑，我将不胜感激。would后接动词原形。动词“感激”英文为appreciate。故填appreciate。 15．“No country can (繁荣) when half its people are left behind,” she said. 【答案】thrive 【详解】考查动词。句意：她说：“当一个国家有一半的人被落下时，这个国家不可能繁荣。”根据汉语提示“繁荣”及“country”可知，此空可填动词thrive，情态动词can后接动词原形。故填thrive。 三、根据首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1．The natural resources are so l that we have no reason to waste them. 【答案】limited/imited 【详解】考查形容词。句意：自然资源极其有限，我们没有理由浪费它们。空处作表语，结合句意和首字母提示可知，形容词limited“有限的”符合题意。故填limited。 2．She gave me a d look — the kind showing she wouldn’t give up even if she failed. 【答案】determined/etermined 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她坚定地看了我一眼——那种即使失败也不会放弃的表情。空处修饰名词look，结合句意和首字母提示可知，形容词determined“坚定的”符合题意。故填determined。 3．Due to l resources, the team had to prioritize the most urgent tasks first. (not great in amount) 【答案】limited/imited 【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于资源有限，团队不得不优先处理最紧急的任务。根据首字母和英文提示“not great in amount(数量不多)”可知，空处应填形容词limited“有限的”，作定语修饰名词resources。故填limited。 4．It’s important to exercise r to stay healthy, strong, and energetic every single day. 【答案】regularly/egularly 【详解】考查副词。句意：坚持有规律地锻炼对保持每日健康、强壮和精力充沛非常重要。根据所给首字母和句意可知，此处应用副词“regularly有规律地”在句中作状语，修饰动词exercise。故填regularly。 5．What’s more, they should keep r hours and get plenty of exercise to stay energetic and fit. 【答案】regular/egular 【详解】考查形容词。句意：更重要的是，他们应该保持规律的作息并得到足够的锻炼，以保持精力充沛和健康。空处作修饰hours的定语，结合“to stay energetic and fit”和首字母提示可推知，形容词regular“规律的”符合题意，表示“保持规律的时间”。故填regular。 6．When you feel angry about something, take a few deep breaths to c down — this helps you avoid making impulsive mistakes. 【答案】calm/alm 【详解】考查动词。句意：当你对某件事感到愤怒时，做几次深呼吸来冷静下来——这有助于你避免犯冲动的错误。设空处使用动词原形与to构成不定式结构作目的状语，根据首字母c和句意“冷静”可知，此处应用动词calm，calm down为固定短语，意为“冷静下来”。故填calm。 7．It is beyond a that a well-educated workforce, is important for a nation’s sustainable development. 【答案】argument/rgument 【详解】考查名词。句意：受过良好教育的劳动力对一个国家的可持续发展至关重要，这是不言而喻的。根据单词首字母a可知，用名词argument“争辩”，作beyond的宾语，短语beyond argument，意为“不言而喻的”。故填argument。 8．As a senior high school student, you should learn to solve problems i instead of always relying on teachers’ immediate help. 【答案】independently/ndependently 【详解】考查副词。句意：作为一名高中生，你应该学会独立解决问题，而不是总是依赖老师的即时帮助。根据首字母“i”及“instead of always relying on teachers’ immediate help”可知，此处为副词independently意为“独立地”，修饰动词solve作状语。故填independently。 9．He is so stubborn that you cannot c him of the reality of the danger. 【答案】convince/onvince 【详解】考查动词。句意：他太固执了，你根本无法让他相信危险的现实。空处位于情态动词can后，应用动词原形，结合句意和首字母提示可知，动词convince“使……相信”符合题意，convince sb. of sth.“使某人相信某事”是固定搭配。故填convince。 10．Proper communication can n the gap between parents and children. 【答案】narrow/arrow 【详解】考查动词。句意：适当的交流可以缩小父母和孩子之间的代沟。根据句意和首字母提示可知，空处应填动词narrow“缩小”，情态动词can后接动词原形，在句中作谓语。故填narrow。 11．The postmen work long hours everyday, and they have to d the goods in all weather conditions. 【答案】deliver/eliver 【详解】考查动词。句意：邮递员们每天都要长时间工作，而且他们必须全天候投递货物。have to后应跟动词原形，结合首字母和“postmen”以及“the goods”可知，动词deliver“投递”符合题意。故填deliver。 12．The game was p because of the bad weather, which made the students disappointed. 【答案】postponed/ostponed 【详解】考查语态。句意：由于天气不好，比赛被推迟了，这让学生们很失望。根据句意和首字母提示可知，空处应填动词postpone“推迟”，作谓语，和主语game之间是被动关系，结合空格前助动词was，应用过去分词构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填postponed。 13．Due to the sudden storm, we had to p the outdoor concert until next weekend. 【答案】postpone/ostpone 【详解】考查动词。句意：由于突如其来的暴风雨，我们不得不把这场露天音乐会推迟到下周末。根据句意“推迟”和首字母可知，此处为动词postpone，位于had to后面，使用动词原形。故填postpone。 14．Doctors have to constantly update their knowledge in order to m their professional skills. 【答案】maintain/aintain 【详解】考查动词。句意：医生必须不断更新知识，以维持自己的专业技能。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处用动词maintain“维持”，动词不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填maintain。 15．When travelling to other countries, we should o local customs and traditions to show respect for different cultures. 【答案】observe/bserve 【详解】考查动词。句意：当去其他国家旅行时，我们应该遵守当地的习俗和传统，以表示对不同文化的尊重。根据首字母o可知，用动词observe“遵守”，情态动词should后接动词原形。故填observe。 四、单句语法填空 1．The two countries signed an agreement to     (strong) economic and cultural ties. 【答案】strengthen 【详解】考查动词。句意：这两个国家签署了一项协议以加强经济和文化联系。根据“signed an agreement”及“to”可知，此空应是动词原形strengthen，意为“加强”。to strengthen是动词不定式作目的状语。故填strengthen。 2．To prevent credit ruin from happening again, Fagan started a personal blog (track) her budget. 【答案】to track 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了防止信用破产再次发生，费根开设了一个个人博客来记录自己的预算。句中已有谓语动词started，此处用非谓语动词作状语，结合句意，此处说明开设博客的目的，所以使用动词不定式to track作目的状语。故填to track。 3．“My route is not always to famous tourist landmarks,” says the explorer, who likes to visit grassroots areas (find) real life. 【答案】to find 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位探险家说道：“我的行程并不总是围绕那些著名的旅游景点展开，我喜欢前往偏远地区，去探寻真实的生活景象。”定语从句已有谓语动词，设空处在句中作非谓语，根据句意可知，此处表目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to find。 4．He hurried home only (tell) his uncle had left. 【答案】to be told 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他匆匆赶回家，结果却被告知他叔叔已经离开了。此处为固定结构only to do，表示出乎意料的结果，且tell与其逻辑主语he为被动关系，所以使用不定式的被动形式to be told。故填to be told。 5． (win) the gold medal, he was busy training hard. 【答案】To win 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了赢得金牌，他正忙着刻苦训练。此处应为非谓语动词作目的状语，所以使用不定式形式，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填To win。 6．He was the first (rush) out of the burning flat. 【答案】to rush 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他是第一个冲出着火公寓的人。此处为固定句型“the+序数词+to do sth.”表示“第几个做某事的人”，所以此处使用动词不定式的形式作定语。故填to rush。 7．My company was the first (produce) this kind of computers. 【答案】to produce 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的公司是第一个生产这种电脑的公司。当名词被序数词修饰时，其后常用不定式作后置定语，表示“第几个做某事的人/物”，句中the first指代the first company，空格处需用不定式结构作后置定语。故填to produce。 8．By 1980, we     (plant) five thousand trees along the road. 【答案】had planted 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：到1980年为止，我们已经沿着这条路种了五千棵树。时间状语“By 1980”表示在过去的时间点之前完成的动作，应用过去完成时“had+过去分词”，表示“过去的过去”，此处是谓语had planted。故填had planted。 9．If you have enough energy, take a walk after climbing up the hill. 【答案】should 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：如果你还有足够的精力，登上山顶后不妨散散步。根据空后“have enough energy”可知，此处表示对将来可能性较低的假设，应用情态动词should，表示“万一”，且位于句首，首字母需大写，故填should。 10．Children be taught to respect the old and care for those younger than them. 【答案】should 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：孩子们应当被教导要尊重长辈，并关心比他们年幼的人。此处表示“应该”应用情态动词should。故填should。 11．We be home by 5 o’clock. 【答案】ought to/should 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我们应该在五点钟之前到家。后跟动词原形，且表示“应该”用情态动词ought to/should。故填ought to/should。 12．Churchill warned Hitler, “If you dare invade Britain, you pay for it with great cost.” 【答案】shall 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：丘吉尔警告希特勒：“如果你敢入侵英国，你将付出巨大代价。”shall用于第二人称的陈述句中，表示警告、命令、威胁等语气，意为“将要，必须，一定”。故填shall。 13．Everyone be seated until the plane has come to a complete stop. 【答案】shall 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：在飞机完全停稳前，所有人必须坐好。设空处用于表达航班上的规定或指令，情态动词shall用于第二、三人称主语时，可表示义务、规定或命令，符合本句语境。故填shall。 14．Tom’s mother was ill, so he (have to) stay home and look after her. 【答案】had to 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：汤姆的妈妈生病了，所以他不得不待在家里照顾她。前半句谓语动词was为一般过去时，前后分句为因果关系，时态应保持一致，因此设空处也需用一般过去时，have to的过去式为had to，后接动词原形。故填 had to。 15．— What do you think we can do for our children? — You do anything except to be with them as much as possible. 【答案】don’t have to/needn’t 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——你认为我们能为孩子们做些什么？——除了尽可能多地和他们在一起，你不必做任何事。结合except to be with them as much as possible可知，此处表示“不必做某事”，应用情态动词的否定式don’t have to或needn’t，后接动词原形。故填don’t have to/needn’t。 五、完成句子 1．他对老板生气地喊道：“付给我薪水，否则我会揍扁你。” “Pay me the money for my work, I’ll beat you flat,” he shouted angrily at the boss. 【答案】or/otherwise 【详解】考查连词或副词。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“否则”，or和otherwise均可表示“否则”的意思，or 作为连词可直接衔接分句；otherwise 虽为副词，但在口语化语境中也可衔接两个句子表相同含义，二者均符合语境，表示如果不满足前一个条件，就会产生后一个结果。故填or/otherwise。 2．为了改变我糟糕的饮食习惯并恢复体型，我得先改变关于减肥的错误想法。 In order to change my bad eating habits and , I had to first change my mistaken idea about losing weight. 【答案】 get into shape 【详解】考查动词短语。空处需填“恢复体型”的英文表达，用动词短语get into shape表示，与“change my bad eating habits”并列，构成In order to do sth，故用动词原形。故填①get②into③shape。 3．我是来通知你即将到来的采摘葡萄的户外活动的。(不定式作目的状语) I’m here     of picking grapes. 【答案】to inform you of the upcoming outdoor activity 【详解】考查不定式作目的状语。根据汉语提示“通知你即将到来的户外活动的”及“不定式作目的状语”的要求可知，此处可用to inform you of the upcoming outdoor activity，其中to inform...是动词不定式作目的状语，inform sb. of sth.是固定搭配，意为“通知某人某事”，outdoor activity是名词短语，意为“户外活动”，upcoming是形容词作定语，意为“即将到来的”。故填to inform you of the upcoming outdoor activity。 4．只要我愿意，它就提供了一个机会，让我在身体上或精神上变得更好。(不定式作定语) As long as I wish, it offers the chance . 【答案】to make me better physically or mentally 【详解】考查不定式作定语和固定搭配。根据句意，此处需表达“让我在身体上或精神上变得更好”，chance后接不定式短语作后置定语，make sb. +形容词比较级表示“使某人变得更……”，“在身体上或精神上”译为physically or mentally。“更好”为better。故填to make me better physically or mentally。 5．所以，从第二天起，他放下锄头，坐在树桩前，等待另一只兔子被杀死。(现在分词作伴随状语) So, from the next day on, he put down his hoe and sat in front of the stump, . 【答案】waiting for another rabbit to be killed 【详解】考查现在分词作伴随状语。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“等待另一只兔子被杀死”，“等待”使用动词短语wait for，“另一只兔子”翻译为another rabbit，由于句子已有谓语动词“put down”和“sat”，所以“等待”这一动作需用非谓语动词形式，与主语“he”之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式作伴随状语，即waiting for another rabbit (to do sth.)；“杀死”kill与rabbit之间为被动关系，用动词不定式的被动式作宾语补足语，即waiting for another rabbit to be killed。故填waiting for another rabbit to be killed。 6．要么你买的东西太重，搬不回家，要么你买的东西尽管还新鲜，但不能用了。（too... to...） Either your shopping is or you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh. 【答案】too heavy to carry home 【详解】考查固定句型和动词短语。根据句意，此处需表达“太重，搬不回家”，使用“too +形容词+ to do sth.”为固定结构，表示“重”译为heavy，“搬回家”译为carry home。故填too heavy to carry home。 7．争论中，他站在同事一边。 During the argument, he sided his colleagues. 【答案】with 【详解】考查固定短语。根据中英文句子可知，空处缺少“站在……一边”的英文表达，应用固定短语“side with”。“side with sb.”意为“支持某人、站在某人一边”，符合“争论中支持同事”的语境。故填with。 8．虽然我能很好地理解他们，也很欣赏他们对学习的投入，但他们只是忽视了体育发挥的重要作用。（while引导让步状语从句） and appreciate their devotion to their studies a lot, they just lose sight of the important role sports play. 【答案】While I can understand them well 【详解】考查while引导的让步状语从句。根据句意，此处需用while引导让步状语从句表达“虽然”的含义，位于句首，首字母需大写，从句主语为I，表示“能很好地理解他们”译为can understand them well，与后面的“appreciate their devotion to their studies a lot”构成并列结构。故填While I can understand them well。 9．如果你一定要知道的话，我是在一家二手书书店买的这本书。 I picked up the book from a second-hand bookshop if you . 【答案】 must know 【详解】考查情态动词。表示“知道”用动词know，表示“一定，必须”用情态动词must。故填①must；②know。 10．像珍妮这么好的一个人竟然会丢掉工作，真是太不公平了。 It is unfair that so nice a person as Jenny her job. 【答案】 should lose 【详解】考查情态动词用法。表示“竟然”用情态动词should，表示“失去，丢掉”动词用lose，在情态动词应用其原形。故填should；lose。 11．尽管露西是个可爱的女孩，但是有些时候她很难相处。 Despite the fact that Lucy is a lovely girl, she extremely difficult to get along with sometimes. 【答案】 can be 【详解】考查情态动词、系动词。情态动词can表示“会，可能”，在这里表示一种客观的可能性情况；be difficult to do sth.是固定结构，表示“做某事是困难的”，位于情态动词can后，用动词原形be。故填①can；②be。 12．汤姆垂头不语，这使他皱起了眉头，气得拉长了脸。 Tom hung his head and said nothing, . He . 【答案】 which made him frown pulled a long face in anger 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。第一空，指代前面的一句话，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句；“使他皱起了眉头”翻译为make him frown；第二空，“拉长了脸”用短语pull a long face；“生气”用短语in anger；陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填which made him frown; pulled a long face in anger。 13．既然你已经做了充足的准备，那么通过道路考试应该不会有困难。 Now that you have made thorough preparations, there the road test. 【答案】shouldn’t be any difficulty in passing 【详解】考查there be句型与情态动词。根据中文提示“做某事应该不会有困难”及固定搭配“difficulty in doing sth.”可知，此处用存在句there be及情态动词shouldn’t，“通过”用动名词passing，作宾语，此空应是shouldn’t be any difficulty in passing。故填shouldn’t be any difficulty in passing。 14．我祖母八十多岁身体仍很健朗，看书不需要眼镜。 My grandma is well over eighty, and she . 【答案】can read without glasses 【详解】考查情态动词、动词、介词和名词。“看书不需要眼镜”即“能够在没有眼镜的情况下看书”，表示能力用can，表示“没有”用介词without，表示“眼镜”用glasses，表示“阅读”用read。情态动词后跟动词原形。故填can read without glasses。 15．如果你非要抽烟，至少你应该用个烟灰缸。 If you , at least you could use an ashtray. 【答案】must smoke 【详解】考查动词。表示“抽烟”用动词smoke，表示“非要”用情态动词must。故填must smoke。 六、语篇语法填空 A （22-23高二上·重庆·月考）Food and nutrition have 1 (great) influenced space exploration missions. With the development of technology, attention is now being paid more to 2 (prepare) food for the microgravity environment, taking into account 3 (factor) like nutrient density (密度), shelf life, challenges, and applications. Space food products should be designed 4 (meet) the balanced nutritional requirements, and it is 5 great significance to provide humans with an adequate supply of fresh food to meet their nutritional needs, so there will be 6 (few) health risks connected with mental stress, microgravity, and radiation exposure from space. For short-term space missions, astronauts’ food could 7 (bring) from earth. Still, for long-term space missions to the Moon, Mars, and other distant missions, 8 are the current research destinations, astronauts must find a way to eat, such as by growing plants 9 finding other means of survival. Scientists and researchers are also attempting to develop novel food production technologies and space foods like 3D printing and space farming for 10 long-term space mission. 【答案】 1．greatly 2．preparing 3．factors 4．to meet 5．of 6．fewer 7．be brought 8．which 9．or 10．the 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了太空食品需满足营养与保存要求，短期任务依赖地球补给，长期任务则需开发种植技术与新型食品生产技术。 1．考查副词。句意：食品与营养极大地影响了太空探索任务。空处修饰动词influenced，应用副词greatly，意为“极大地”。故填greatly。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着科技发展，人们更加关注为微重力环境制备食物，需考虑营养密度、保质期、挑战和应用等因素。短语pay attention to doing意为“关注做某事”，空处应用prepare“准备”的动名词形式。故填preparing。 3．考查名词复数。句意：随着科技发展，人们更加关注为微重力环境制备食物，需考虑营养密度、保质期、挑战和应用等因素。空处作taking的宾语，结合空后的列举“like nutrient density (密度), shelf life, challenges, and applications”可知，可数名词factor“因素”需用复数形式。故填factors。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：太空食品的设计应满足均衡的营养需求，为人类提供充足的新鲜食物以满足其营养需求具有重要意义，因此与精神压力、微重力和空间辐射暴露有关的健康风险将会减少。短语be designed to do意为“被设计用于做某事，目的是做某事”，空处应用meet“满足”的不定式形式。故填to meet。 5．考查介词。句意：太空食品的设计应满足均衡的营养需求，为人类提供充足的新鲜食物以满足其营养需求具有重要意义，因此与精神压力、微重力和空间辐射暴露有关的健康风险将会减少。be of great significance固定搭配，表示“很重要”。故填of。 6．考查比较级。句意：太空食品的设计应满足均衡的营养需求，为人类提供充足的新鲜食物以满足其营养需求具有重要意义，因此与精神压力、微重力和空间辐射暴露有关的健康风险将会减少。空处修饰名词短语health risks，结合前面的“to provide humans with an adequate supply of fresh food to meet their nutritional needs”可知，此处隐含比较，指“更少的健康风险”，空处应用few的比较级形式。故填fewer。 7．考查动词语态。句意：短期太空任务中，宇航员食物可从地球携带。空处和could构成谓语，bring“携带”和主语astronauts’ food之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且情态动词could后接动词原形。故填be brought。 8．考查定语从句。句意：尽管如此，对于月球、火星和其他遥远的太空任务，也就是目前的研究目标来说，宇航员必须找到一种饮食的方式，比如种植植物或寻找其他生存手段。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词long-term space missions to the Moon, Mars, and other distant missions作补充说明，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。 9．考查连词。句意：尽管如此，对于月球、火星和其他遥远的太空任务，也就是目前的研究目标来说，宇航员必须找到一种饮食的方式，比如种植植物或寻找其他生存手段。空处连接动名词短语growing plants和finding other means，两种方式之间是选择关系，空处应用意为“或”的并列连词or。故填or。 10．考查冠词。句意：科学家和研究人员也在尝试为长期太空任务开发新的食品生产技术和太空食品，如3D打印和太空农业。此处特指前文提到的“长期太空任务”，空处使用定冠词the表示特定对象。故填the。 B （2025·陕西咸阳·二模）Three Chinese astronauts have safely returned to Earth in the recently 1 (launch) Shenzhou-21 spacecraft after their own spacecraft was declared unsafe. The three crew members were 2 (initial) scheduled to return to Earth on Nov.5, but their journey home 3 (postpone) “due to a suspected impact from tiny space debris (碎片)” to their ship. Their return was delayed for nine days, and their 204-day stay in space was the 4 (long) for any astronaut at China’s space station. After a nine-day wait, they finally headed home on the Shenzhou-21 spacecraft 5 transported the incoming crew, according to the China Manned Space Agency. “Medical teams found that the astronauts were 6 good physical condition,” Chinese state media outlet CCTV reported. “The path of humanity’s 7 (explore) of space is not smooth,” Chen Dong, one of the astronauts, told journalists after emerging from the capsule. “It’s filled with difficulties and challenges. But that is exactly why we choose to walk this path.” “I’m very proud that we successfully completed the mission. We have finally made 8 home safely.” The damaged Shenzhou-20 ship had “a slight crack” in the window of its return capsule, likely caused by debris impact, 9 (make) it unsafe for the crew to return in. “The ship will stay in orbit to carry out 10 (experiment) instead,” the agency said. 【答案】 1．launched 2．initially 3．was postponed 4．longest 5．that/which 6．in 7．exploration 8．it 9．making 10．experiments 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了三名中国航天员乘神舟21号飞船安全返回地球。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：三名中国宇航员在他们的飞船被宣布不安全后，乘坐最近发射的神舟二十一号飞船安全返回地球。句中已有谓语动词“have returned”，所以“launch”在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语“Shenzhou-21 spacecraft”构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填launched。 2．考查副词。句意：这三名机组人员原计划于11月5日返回地球，但由于怀疑他们的飞船受到微小太空碎片的撞击，他们的返程被推迟了。修饰动词“scheduled”应用副词“initially”，作状语。故填initially。 3．考查时态和语态。句意：这三名机组人员原计划于11月5日返回地球，但由于怀疑他们的飞船受到微小太空碎片的撞击，他们的返程被推迟了。主语“journey”与谓语动词“postpone”构成被动关系，且事情发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，be动词用was。故填was postponed。 4．考查形容词最高级。句意：他们的返程被推迟了九天，他们在太空停留了204天，这是中国空间站宇航员停留时间最长的一次。根据上文定冠词“the”以及句意“最长的”可知应用形容词最高级longest。故填longest。 5．考查定语从句。句意：据中国载人航天局介绍，在等待了九天之后，他们最终乘坐运送新宇航员的神舟二十一号飞船回家了。此处为定语从句修饰先行词“the Shenzhou-21 spacecraft”，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 6．考查介词。句意：中国官方媒体中央电视台报道称：“医疗团队发现宇航员身体状况良好。”表示“身体状况良好”短语为“be in good physical condition”。故填in。 7．考查名词。句意：人类探索太空的道路并不平坦。作介词“of”的宾语应用名词“exploration”，表示“探索”，不可数。故填exploration。 8．考查代词。句意：我们终于安全到家了。此处使用代词作宾语，“make it”意为“成功”，符合题意。故填it。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：受损的神舟二十号飞船返回舱的窗户上“有一条轻微的裂缝”，可能是由碎片撞击造成的，这使得机组人员返回不安全。句中“had”为谓语动词，“make”在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处为现在分词作结果状语，表示前文的事实造成的结果。故填making。 10．考查名词的数。句意：该机构表示：“飞船将留在轨道上进行实验。”experiment为可数名词，此处用复数形式表泛指。故填experiments。 C （2026高三·全国·专题练习）It was too late at night when an old man 1 (come) to a small town. He found a small hotel and wanted 2 (stay) there for the night. After he went into 3 (he) room, the owner said to his wife, “Look at his bag, in 4 there must be much money. Let’s take it away when he is asleep, shall we?” “No, no,” said the woman. “He must look 5 his bag tomorrow morning. If he can’t find it, he’ll telephone the police.” They thought for a few 6 (minute). Then the woman had an idea, “We have forgetful grass. Why not put some into his food? If he has the food, he will forget to take his bag away.” After 7 (have) the food with the forgetful grass, the old man went to bed. The next morning, when the owner got up, he found the door open, and the man had left with the bag. He was angry and woke his wife up, “What 8 fool! Your forgetful grass isn’t 9 (use) at all.” “No, I don’t think so. He must forget something,” she said. “Oh! I remember now!” cried out the man 10 (sudden). “He forgot to pay for the night!” 【答案】 1．came 2．to stay 3．his 4．which 5．for 6．minutes 7．having 8．a 9．useful 10．suddenly 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述一对旅店夫妇想用“健忘草”偷老人钱财，最后却只让老人忘了付房费的趣事。 1．考查动词时态。句意：夜深了，一位老人来到了一个小镇。根据主句的was可知，此处描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，come的过去式为came。故填came。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：他找到一家小旅馆，想在那里过夜。此处为固定搭配want to do sth.，意为“想要做某事”，用动词不定式to stay。故填to stay。 3．考查代词。句意：他走进自己的房间后，店主对妻子说。此处修饰名词room，用he的形容词性物主代词his，意为“他的”。故填his。 4．考查定语从句。句意：看他的包，里面一定有很多钱。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为his bag，指物，在从句中作介词in的宾语，用关系代词which。故填which。 5．考查介词。句意：他明天早上一定会找他的包的。此处为固定搭配look for，意为“寻找”，用介词for。故填for。 6．考查名词复数。句意：他们想了几分钟。此处前面有a few修饰，minute为可数名词，用复数形式minutes。故填minutes。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：老人吃了加了健忘草的食物后，就上床睡觉了。此处位于介词After之后，应用动名词形式作宾语，have的动名词为having。故填having。 8．考查冠词。句意：真是个傻瓜！此处为感叹句，fool为可数名词单数，且是以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a。故填a。 9．考查形容词。句意：你的健忘草根本没用。此处位于be动词之后作表语，用use的形容词形式useful，意为“有用的”。故填useful。 10．考查副词。句意：男人突然大喊道。此处修饰动词短语cried out，用sudden的副词形式suddenly，意为“突然地”。故填suddenly。 七、应用文写作 （25-26高一上·广东揭阳·月考）假如你是李华，一名大学生，你认为兼职工作既可以提升个人能力，也可以缓解经济压力，所以想利用寒假时间做兼职。但你的父母出于安全考虑，不同意你兼职。请给你的美国好友Mary 写信求助。要点包括： 1.苦恼的问题； 2.你和父母所持的不同观点及理由； 3.你想得到的帮助。 参考词汇： 做兼职工作 take a part-time job 与不同的人进行沟通communicate with different people 缓解家庭的经济压力 ease the family’s financial pressure 工作时的安全问题 the security in work 注意： 1.文中不得出现考生个人真实信息；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.词数80左右。 Dear Mary, I hope this letter finds you well. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Mary, I hope this letter finds you well. I’m a college student and I want to take a part-time job during the winter vacation. I think it can improve my personal ability and ease the family’s financial pressure. For example, I can learn how to communicate with different people and deal with various situations. Also, I can earn some money to buy the things I need. But my parents don’t agree. They are worried about the security in work. I really want to do the part-time job, but I don’t know how to persuade them. Could you give me some advice? Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于求助信。要求考生给美国好友Mary写信，求助关于父母不同意自己利用寒假时间做兼职的问题。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 提升：improve → enhance 缓解：ease → relieve 安全：security → safety 说服：persuade → convince 2. 句式拓展 并列句变复合句 原句：I really want to do the part-time job, but I don’t know how to persuade them. 拓展句：Although I really want to do the part-time job, I have no idea how I can persuade them. 【点睛】[高分句型1]  I think it can improve my personal ability and ease the family’s financial pressure. (运用了省略连词that的宾语从句) [高分句型2] Also, I can earn some money to buy the things I need. (运用了省略关系代词的限制性定语从句) 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $