Unit3 Discovering useful structures 语法课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第三册

Unit 3 Learning About Language Direct Speech and Indirect Speech 人教版选择性必修3 Learning objectives: 1.Observe and perceive the functions and meanings direct speech and indirect speech in context. 2.Summerize the conversation rules of direct speech and indirect speech through independent inquiry, and experience the characteristics of the English language. 3.Through various forms and multi-level exercises, one can express oneself orally and in writing using direct speech and indirect speech. 概念 直接引述别人的原话，叫_________. 用自己的话转述别人的话，叫_________. 直接引语通常用_________括起来，间接引语在大多数情况下都构成一个_________. 直接引语变为间接引语时，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词、句型等一般要作相应的变化。 直接引语 间接引语 引号“” 宾语从句 Direct Speech Indirect Speech She said, “ It is too late.” She said that it was too late. The reporter The The reporter asked, “How can we save polar bears from extinction?” “Let’s work together to stop climate change,” the expert said. The expert advised us to work together to stop climate change. The reporter asked how we could save polar bears from extinction. 1. 人称变化 观察思考 ①She said, “I am hungry.” →She said that she was hungry. ②Mum said to me, “You can clean your bedroom tomorrow.” →Mum told me that I could clean my bedroom the next day. ③Mr Smith said, “He is a good worker.” →Mr Smith said that he was a good worker. 探究总结 ①直接引语中的第一人称（I, me, my, mine, us, our, ours）变为间接引语时应与主句中的____保持一致。 ②直接引语中的第二人称（you, your, yours）变为间接引语时，应与主句中的_____保持一致，若主句中无宾语，可根据上下文确定一个宾语。 ③直接引语中的第三人称（he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, them, their, theirs）变为间接引语时，人称不变。 主语 宾语 人称变化规则 一随主， 二随宾，第三人称不更新。 助记 即学即练 句型转换 ①He said, “I like it very much.” →He said that____liked it very much. ②He said to me, “ You told me this story.” →He told me that __ had told ____that story. ③He said to me, “She has left her book in your room.” →He told me that_____ had left ____ book in my room. he I him she her 2. 时态变化 观察思考 ①“I am very glad to visit your school.”she said →She said that she was very glad to visit our school. ②The people said, “We were shocked by the news photo of a dead polar bear.” →The people said that they had been shocked by the news photo of a dead polar bear. ③Tom said, “I will do it after class.” →Tom said that he would do it after class. ④The boy said , “I’m learning English.” →The boy said that he was learning English. ⑤Mother said, “I have not washed your shirt.” →Mother said that she had not washed my shirt. ⑥The boy said, “I had finished my homework before wathching TV.” →The boy said that he had finished his homework before watching TV. 探究总结 ⑴如果主句是一般过去时，直接引语变为间接引语时，从句在时态方面要做相应的变化，具体变化如下： 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 ①______________ 一般过去时 ②______________ 一般将来时 ③______________ 现在进行时 ④______________ 现在完成时 ⑤______________ 过去完成时 ⑥______________ ⑵在下面几种情况中，直接引语变间接引语时，时态不发生变化： ①直接引语如果是科学真理，名言警句或谚语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 ②直接引语中有具体是过去某年，某月，某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态来变。 ③如果主句是一般现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不变。 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去将来时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成时 即学即练 句型转换 ① Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.” →Tom said that they ____________to the pop music. ②The expert said, “We human beings can save the polar bears from extinction.” →The expert said that we human beings _________ the polar bears from extinction. ③She often says, “All men and women are equal under the law.” →She often says that all men and women ___ equal under the law. ④ “I took the little bird home.”She said. →She said that she _________the little bird home. ⑤Mr Li said, “I will leave for Shanghai.” →Mr Li said that he__________ for Shanghai. were listening could save are had taken would leave 3. 指示代词，时间状语，地点状语及方向性动词的变化 观察思考 The lawyer said, “I will come this morning.” →The lawyer said that he/she would go that morning. He said, “These books are mine.” →He said that those books were his. She said, “It is nine o’clock now.” →She said that it was nine o’clock then. Bob said, “My sister was here three days ago.” →Bob said that his sister had been there three days before/ealier. David said, “I haven’t seen her today.” →David said that he hadn’t seen her that day. She said, “I went there yesterday.” She said that she had gone there the day before. She said, “ I’ll go there tomorrow.” →She said that she would go there the next /following day. The captain said, “They will arrive the day after tomorrow.” →The captain said that they would arrive in two days’ time. She said, “I came here to see the doctor the day before yesterday.” →She said that she had gone there to see the doctor two days before/earlier. 探究总结 用词 直接引语 间接引语 指示代词 this ①_____ these ②_______ 时间状语 now ③______ ago ④_______ today ⑤___________ yesterday ⑥________________ tomorrow ⑦_______________________ the day after tomorrow ⑧____________________ the day before yesterday ⑨_______________________ tonight that night last night the night before next week the next/following week this morning that morning 地点状语 here ⑩___________ 方向性动词 come go bring take that those then before that day the day before the next/following day in two days’ time two days before/earlier there 即学即练 句型转换 ①Mr Li said, “This is my seat.” →Mr Li said that _____ was my seat. ②Miss Zhao said, “These problems are easy.” →Miss Zhao said that _____ problems were easy. ③She said, “I haven’t finished my work today.” →She said that she hadn’t finished her work _______. ④Tom said, “I will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.” →Tom said that he would visit the Great Wall __________________. ⑤Bob said, “My wife returned 40 minutes ago.” →Bob said that his wife had returned 40 minutes ______. ⑥She said to me, “I’ll bring the boys here to help you this afternoon.” →She told me that she would take the boys there to help me ____________. that those that day the next/ following day before that afternoon 4. 句式变化 观察思考 Tom said to me, “ I have been to Japan twice.” →Tome told me that he had been to Japan twice. He said, “Do you know the reason for global warming?” →He asked if/whether we knew the reason for global warming. “Why has the earth got warmer and warmer?”he asked. →He asked why the earth had got warmer and warmer. 探究总结 ①如果直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由连接词____引导的宾语从句，该词在从句中不作成分，在口语中可以省略。主句谓语said to 常改为 told. ②直接引语引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或附加疑问句时，间接引语中常用___ 或_______引导。主句谓语said常改为______. ③直接引语是特殊疑问句时，变为间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词引导，并将疑问语序变为_____语序。其余成分的变化遵循直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则。 that if whether asked 陈述 即学即练 句型转换 ①He said, “I will be doing my homework then.” →He said _____he would be doing his homework then. ② “Did you see her last week?”he asked. →He asked _________ I had seen her the week before. ③ “Where have you been these days?”he asked. →He asked me ______ I had been those days. that if/whether where 5. 祈使句变间接引语 ⑴基本变化规则 观察思考 ①She said to us, “Please have a rest.” →She asked us to have a rest. ②The old man said, “Don’t smoke in the hall.” →The old told me not to smoke in the hall. 探究总结 引述祈使句多采用“动词+宾语+带____的不定式”结构，如果祈使句为否定句，在不定式的前面加______或never. to not 即学即练 ① “Do be careful with your handwriting while doing your homework.”he said. →He told me ______ careful ______ handwriting while doing my homework. ② “Don’t take off your coats,”she said to the children. →She told the children ______ take off _____ coats. ③Father said, “Don’t stay up late, Lily.” →Father told Lily ______ stay up late. to be with my not to their not to ⑵谓语动词的变化 观察思考 ①Father said to me, “Open the window.” →Father told me to open the window. ② “Never come here again!”the officer said to the villagers. →The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again. ③ “Let’s go out for a walk.”he said to us. →He advised us to go out for a walk. ④ “Please pass me that book.”she said to John. →She asked John to pass her that book. 探究总结 ①如果直接引语中的祈使句表示命令变为间接引语时，引述动词需要用____, _____, command 等。 ②如果直接引语中的祈使句表示建议、劝告，变为间接引语时，引述动词需要用______. ③如果直接引语中的祈使句表示请求，变为间接引语时，引述动词需要用____, beg, request等。 ④如果直接引语中的祈使句中有please或will you please 时，变为间接引语时，需要将其去掉。 tell order advise ask 助记 巧记祈使句变间接引语 去掉引号要加to，ask, order 须记住； 直引若是否定式，not前面要加 to。 即学即练 句型转换 ①The officer said, “Go away.” →The officer _______us ______ away. ② “Go and wash your face, Tom,”Mother said. →Mother ____ Tom _____________his face. ③“Let me go out to play for a while, Mum,”Tom said. →Tom ______his mum ___________ out to play for a while. ④ “Don’t touch my book, please,”Wei Fang said to him. →Wei Fang ______ him ___________ her book. ⑤ Mother said to me,“Eat more vegetables.” →Mother ________ me_______ more vegetables. ⑥ Mother said to me, “Come back before 10:00.” →Mother ______ me _____ back before 10:00. ordered to go told to go and wash asked to let him go asked not to touch advised to eat told to go THANKS! $